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The river flows in a great arc, first zigzagging north and then north-east, then turning east and finally south-east. It serves as a border for about 640 kilometres (398 mi), separating South Africa to the southeast from
Botswana to the northwest and Zimbabwe to the north. At the
853:
is apt. Rainfall is seasonal and unreliable: in dry years, the upper parts of the river flow for 40 days or less. The upper part of the drainage basin, in the
Kalahari Desert, is arid but conditions become less arid further downriver. The next reaches drain the
932:
897:, on his first expedition, was probably among the first Europeans to sight the river, when he anchored off the mouth in 1498. However, there has been human habitation in the region since time immemorial—sites in the Makapans Valley near
1217:
Görgens, A.H.M. and Boroto, R.A. 1997. Limpopo River: flow balance anomalies, surprises and implications for integrated water resources management. In: Proceedings of the 8th South
African National Hydrology Symposium, Pretoria, South
885:
in the
Limpopo River is found between the Mokolo and the Mogalakwena Rivers. There is a lot of mining activity in the Limpopo River basin with about 1,900 functioning mines, not counting about 1,700 abandoned mines.
916:
was caught hundreds of kilometres upriver at the confluence of the
Limpopo and Luvuvhu Rivers in July 1950. Zambezi sharks tolerate fresh water and can travel far up the Limpopo. In 2013, approximately 15,000
1019:
515:
in the north, a name that was also suggested in 2002 as a possible title for the province but was voted against. The river is approximately 1,750 km (1,090 mi) long, with a
2128:
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862:
of semi-deciduous forest and low-density human population. The fertile lowlands support a denser population, and about 14 million people live in the
Limpopo basin.
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1903:
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measured over a year is 170 m/s (6,000 cu ft/s) to 313 m/s (11,100 cu ft/s) at its mouth. The
Limpopo is the second largest African
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settlers led by Hosi
Rivombo who settled in the mountainous vicinity and named the area after their leader. The river has been called the
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Sign at the viewing deck of the
Limpopo River at Mapungubwe National Park, South Africa, featuring a quote from Rudyard Kipling
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650:(Elephant River), contributes around 1,233 million m of water per year. Other major tributaries include the
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is an occasional problem in the lower reaches. During
February 2000 heavy rainfalls during the passage of a
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538:, who anchored off its mouth in 1498 and named it Espirito Santo River. Its lower course was explored by
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that uplifted the surface north of present-day Limpopo River, diverting waters into Zambezi River.
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were accidentally released into the river from flood gates at the nearby Rakwena Crocodile Farm.
839:
characterization of the river as the "great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with
557:
times, the upper course of the Zambezi River drained into the Limpopo River. The change of the
2007:
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in Botswana and flowing in a north-easterly direction. The main tributary of the Limpopo, the
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2017:
1865:
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909:, later surveyor general for South Africa, traveled to the mouth of the river in 1868–69.
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730:
655:
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624:
558:
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1377:
Erskine, Vincent W. (1869). "Journey of Exploration to the Mouth of the River Limpopo".
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Moore, A.E. (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa".
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1103:"Climate change impact on water availability and use in the Limpopo river basin"
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in 1868–69, and Captain J F Elton travelled down its middle course in 1870.
835:
The waters of the Limpopo flow sluggishly, with considerable silt content.
827:
1462:
Climate change implications for water resources in the Limpopo River Basin
1654:
1514:
951:
898:
495:. The term Limpopo is derived from Rivombo (Livombo/Lebombo), a group of
94:
90:
1490:
FROC - Reference frequency of occurrence of fish species in South Africa
2062:
1881:
1870:
1755:
1398:
871:
674:
528:
301:
31:
1619:
1496:"Bolstering sustainable groundwater development in the Limpopo Basin"
1229:"Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"
1189:"Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"
620:
500:
1390:
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communities of the area where now that name has been adopted by the
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859:
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In the north-eastern corner of South Africa the river borders the
524:
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of 415,000 km (160,000 sq mi) in size. The mean
1471:
Green and blue water accounting in the Limpopo and Nile Basins
1429:"South Africa police join hunt for 10,000 escaped crocodiles"
313:(Period: 1971–2000)313.4 m/s (11,070 cu ft/s)
475:
469:
457:
619:, the name becomes the Limpopo River. There are several
1379:
The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
1130:(2005). "The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous".
1480:
Limpopo Watercourse Commission (LIMCOM) www.limcom.org
545:
The drainage area of Limpopo River has decreased over
689:
prevents access by large ships except at high tide.
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1923:
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41:
1283:C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke and Helen Murray,
1076:. United Nations University Press. p. 9.
2129:Rivers of North West (South African province)
1897:
1635:
1530:
8:
527:that drains to the Indian Ocean, after the
1904:
1890:
1882:
1642:
1628:
1620:
1537:
1523:
1515:
1316:"State of Rivers Report: the Mokolo River"
642:of the Limpopo, rising on the edge of the
534:The first European to sight the river was
66:
1010:
1008:
938:The river as seen from Crook's Corner in
279:415,000 km (160,000 sq mi)
72:Course and watershed of the Limpopo River
696:
1259:"The Elephant's Child, Rudyard Kipling"
1074:International Waters in Southern Africa
1004:
928:
677:, Mozambique, is on the river near the
38:
1439:from the original on 17 November 2015
1287:, Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006.
1265:from the original on 5 September 2018
1022:from the original on 23 February 2024
601:Location of the Limpopo River's mouth
583:
487:and flows generally eastward through
7:
905:fossils from 3.5 million years ago.
1239:from the original on 30 August 2018
1199:from the original on 30 August 2018
988:List of international border rivers
681:. Below the Olifants, the river is
1348:"Mines in the Limpopo River basin"
1054:from the original on 30 April 2018
25:
946:. Straight ahead of the river is
1170:South African Journal of Geology
983:Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park
959:
931:
582:
575:
450:
51:
1101:Zhu, Tingju; Ringler, Claudia.
2104:International rivers of Africa
1154:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008
966:Crossing Limpopo in Mozambique
220: • coordinates
139: • coordinates
1:
1413:The Freshwater Fishes of the
881:The highest concentration of
845:Bi-Coloured Python Rock-Snake
271:1,750 km (1,090 mi)
105:Physical characteristics
2124:South Africa–Zimbabwe border
2119:Botswana–South Africa border
1418:, Koedoe Vol 11, No 1 (1968)
259: • elevation
178: • elevation
133:Botswana/South Africa border
1485:Limpopo River Awareness Kit
1072:Nakayama, Mikiyasu (2003).
907:St Vincent Whitshed Erskine
540:St Vincent Whitshed Erskine
297: • location
204: • location
129: • location
2150:
309: • average
182:872 m (2,861 ft)
29:
438:
317:
283:
186:
109:
65:
50:
874:caused the catastrophic
509:South African government
392: • right
27:River in southern Africa
1285:The Waterberg Biosphere
1047:Encyclopædia Britannica
623:as the river falls off
348: • left
950:. Across the river is
832:
30:For the province, see
876:2000 Mozambique flood
830:
823:Basin characteristics
685:to the sea, though a
513:District Municipality
242:25.20611°S 33.51111°E
2089:Rivers of Mozambique
1415:Kruger National Park
978:Limpopo border gates
940:Kruger National Park
671:Kruger National Park
598:class=notpageimage|
563:epeirogenic movement
263:0 m (0 ft)
1435:. 25 January 2013.
1411:Pienaar, U. de V.,
1146:2005Geomo..67..437G
698:
673:. The port town of
658:, Crocodile River,
322:Basin features
247:-25.20611; 33.51111
238: /
161:24.1913°S 26.8708°E
157: /
2109:Mozambique Channel
2099:Rivers of Botswana
2084:Rivers of Zimbabwe
833:
697:
2134:Rivers of Limpopo
2071:
2070:
1879:
1878:
1617:
1616:
837:Rudyard Kipling's
820:
819:
790:Mogalakwena River
561:is the result of
442:
441:
166:-24.1913; 26.8708
114:Source confluence
57:Limpopo River in
16:(Redirected from
2141:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1796:Ngezi (Midlands)
1791:Ngezi (Masvingo)
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1354:. Archived from
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1327:
1321:. Archived from
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1296:on 24 March 2007
1292:. Archived from
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1140:(3–4): 437–456.
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1107:Researchgate.net
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993:Drainage basin A
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903:Australopithecus
856:Waterberg Massif
847:" dwells in the
741:Umzingwani River
722:Mahalapswe River
718:Bonwapitse River
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1502:. 27 March 2024
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1391:10.2307/1798552
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1042:"Limpopo River"
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919:Nile crocodiles
892:
850:Just So Stories
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770:Crocodile River
731:Motloutse River
695:
656:Mzingwane River
644:Kalahari Desert
625:Southern Africa
617:Crocodile River
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547:geological time
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1456:External links
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1626:
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1234:
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1211:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1177:(4): 363–376.
1176:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1133:Geomorphology
1129:
1123:
1120:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1083:92-808-1077-4
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
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998:
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962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
934:
929:
924:
922:
920:
915:
914:Zambezi shark
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:Vasco da Gama
889:
887:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
851:
846:
842:
838:
829:
822:
814:
811:
809:
808:Luvuvhu River
806:
804:
803:Nwanedi River
801:
799:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
757:
754:
752:
751:Mwenezi River
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
726:Lotsane River
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
713:Notwane River
711:
710:
709:
708:
704:
701:
700:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
664:Luvuvhu River
661:
660:Mwenezi River
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:Notwane River
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
599:
590:Limpopo River
578:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:Late Pliocene
548:
543:
541:
537:
536:Vasco da Gama
532:
530:
529:Zambezi River
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
447:
446:Limpopo River
437:
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389:
386:
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345:
341:
337:
334:Limpopo River
333:
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294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
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223:
217:
214:
210:
209:Gaza Province
207:
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175:
170:
142:
136:
132:
126:
123:
119:
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108:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
76:
69:
64:
60:
54:
49:
42:Limpopo River
40:
37:
33:
19:
18:Limpopo river
1957:
1710:
1565:
1550:South Africa
1504:. Retrieved
1499:
1441:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1412:
1407:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1351:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1284:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1232:
1223:
1213:
1203:17 September
1201:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1137:
1131:
1128:Goudie, A.S.
1122:
1112:20 September
1110:. Retrieved
1106:
1096:
1090:Google Books
1088:; online at
1073:
1067:
1056:, retrieved
1045:
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
944:South Africa
911:
893:
883:hippopotamus
880:
868:rainy season
848:
834:
794:Kolope River
785:Palala River
780:Mokolo River
765:Marico River
736:Shashe River
668:
652:Shashe River
633:
613:Marico River
605:
544:
533:
493:Indian Ocean
485:South Africa
445:
443:
329:River system
197:Indian Ocean
87:South Africa
36:
1596:Tributaries
1473:, study by
1464:, study by
1433:reuters.com
1385:: 233–276.
1300:23 December
1269:6 September
1233:www.fao.org
1193:www.fao.org
1026:23 February
866:during the
841:fever-trees
705:Right hand
693:Tributaries
638:is a major
555:Pleistocene
483:) rises in
417:Mogalakwena
339:Tributaries
245: /
164: /
2078:Categories
1917:Mozambique
1776:Mtetengwe
1586:Great Fish
999:References
948:Mozambique
798:Sand River
746:Bubi River
702:Left hand
629:escarpment
627:'s inland
609:confluence
489:Mozambique
419:, Kolope,
373:Umzingwani
357:Bonwapitse
276:Basin size
233:33°30′40″E
230:25°12′22″S
213:Mozambique
152:26°52′15″E
149:24°11′29″S
99:Mozambique
59:Mozambique
2018:Montepuez
1866:Umchabezi
1781:Mzingwane
1761:Mutirikwe
1736:Mtshelele
1731:Mtshabezi
1701:Inyankuni
1691:Inkankezi
1016:"Limpopo"
683:navigable
640:tributary
521:discharge
503:by local
401:Crocodile
365:Motloutse
288:Discharge
122:Crocodile
2008:Mocubúri
1998:Megaruma
1963:Luambala
1943:Infulene
1836:Shangani
1801:Ngondoma
1676:Chiredzi
1655:Zimbabwe
1500:IW:Learn
1437:Archived
1332:31 March
1263:Archived
1237:Archived
1197:Archived
1058:29 April
1052:archived
1020:Archived
972:See also
952:Zimbabwe
901:contain
899:Mokopane
864:Flooding
615:and the
549:. Up to
433:Olifants
405:Matlabas
385:Changane
95:Zimbabwe
91:Botswana
78:Location
2063:Zambezi
2038:Revúboé
2023:Ngalamu
2003:Messalo
1993:Mbuluzi
1968:Lugenda
1958:Limpopo
1953:Licungo
1871:Zambezi
1851:Tokwane
1826:Sebakwe
1806:Panhane
1766:Mwenezi
1756:Mushawe
1751:Mupfure
1746:Munyati
1741:Mucheke
1721:Manyame
1711:Limpopo
1706:Kwe Kwe
1609:Caledon
1566:Limpopo
1506:1 April
1443:5 April
1399:1798552
1362:5 April
1290:"Lumaw"
1243:5 April
1218:Africa.
1142:Bibcode
925:Gallery
890:History
872:cyclone
687:sandbar
675:Xai-Xai
611:of the
511:as its
491:to the
429:Luvuvhu
425:Nwanedi
381:Mwenezi
361:Lotsane
353:Notwane
302:Xai-Xai
83:Country
32:Limpopo
2043:Ruvuma
2033:Rarico
2028:Pungwe
2013:Monapo
1988:Mazowe
1983:Matola
1978:Maputo
1948:Komati
1938:Chinde
1925:Rivers
1913:Rivers
1846:Siwaze
1841:Shashe
1831:Sengwa
1811:Pungwe
1726:Mazowe
1716:Luenha
1696:Insiza
1663:Rivers
1651:Rivers
1581:Tugela
1576:Orange
1558:Rivers
1546:Rivers
1397:
1080:
621:rapids
569:Course
501:Vhembe
497:Tsonga
413:Palala
409:Mikolo
397:Marico
369:Shashe
342:
291:
268:Length
118:Marico
45:Vhembe
2058:Tembe
2053:Shire
1973:Lúrio
1861:Thuli
1856:Tokwe
1816:Runde
1786:Ncema
1771:Mwewe
1686:Honde
1681:Gwayi
1671:Bubye
1604:Blyde
1475:IFPRI
1466:IFPRI
1395:JSTOR
1326:(PDF)
1319:(PDF)
860:biome
679:mouth
525:river
505:Venda
192:Mouth
2048:Save
1933:Buzi
1821:Save
1571:Vaal
1508:2024
1445:2018
1364:2018
1334:2012
1302:2006
1271:2018
1245:2018
1205:2021
1114:2021
1078:ISBN
1060:2018
1028:2024
858:, a
662:and
634:The
444:The
421:Sand
377:Bubi
120:and
1915:of
1653:of
1548:of
1387:doi
1175:102
1150:doi
553:or
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476:oʊ
470:oʊ
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
