1464:
his elder brother, who strongly reprimanded him on several occasions and arranged for his posting to unimportant positions where he could be more closely watched. Apart from Prince
Chichibu, the February 26 rebels relied on the tacit support of Princes Asaka and Higashikuni, both senior army generals and imperial princes who were leaders within the "Imperial Way" faction and had close ties to prominent rightist groups. If the emperor had either died or had been compelled to abdicate, Prince Chichibu would have received strong support from the rightists as the regent for Crown Prince Akihito; however, he was reported to have distanced himself from the "Imperial Way" officers following the suppression of the February 26 revolt. Still, in 1938, Prince Saionji expressed his worry that Prince Chichibu might someday usurp the throne by violent means. By October 1940, however, Prince Chichibu had become seriously ill with pulmonary tuberculosis, and led a retired life from then on. He was quietly passed over in the line of succession in favour of his brother Prince Takamatsu, who began to undertake more official duties. In an emergency, Prince Takamatsu was intended to assume the regency for his nephew the Crown Prince.
371:, the cadet branches of the imperial family, who were fifth– or sixth-generation descendants of an emperor. The amendment provided for princes to leave the imperial family, either by imperial decree or by imperial sanction. They were then granted a family name and assumed the status of nobles with the peerage titles of marquis or count, thereby becoming subjects (Article I). Alternatively, a prince could be formally adopted into a noble family or succeed to the headship of an imperial family line as a noble (Article II). Under the terms of the amendment, those former princes and their descendants who left the imperial family were excluded from the line of succession and made ineligible to return to the imperial family at any future date (Article VI).
1481:
Tojo as prime minister and attempt to negotiate a settlement with the Allies. However, the plan was ultimately dismissed as being too risky. Konoe had informed Kido of rumours that if such a situation were to arise, radicals in the military would stage a coup and take the emperor to
Manchuria, still considered a safe location for a government, or replace him on the throne with a more militant imperial prince. In the event, Kido and Konoe used the influence of the Emperor’s mother,
360:
existed in the direct line; however, the illegitimate sons of an emperor had precedence over any legitimate brothers of the emperor (Ch. I: Article 4). Those in the line of succession suffering from "incurable diseases of mind or body," or when "any other weighty cause exists," could be passed over with the advice of the
Imperial Family Council, headed by the emperor, and after consulting the Privy Council (Ch. I: Article 9).
402:
242:
229:
1560:
dynastic purposes, prohibited only in modern times after the adoption in 1947 of the
American-written Constitution of Japan. The child would presumably be adopted from one of the former imperial branches which lost imperial status after World War II. However, a government-appointed panel of experts submitted a report on November 24, 2005, recommending that the imperial succession law be amended to permit
415:
260:
1527:(princes), unmarried imperial princesses and princesses, and the widows of imperial princes and princes may, upon their own request or in the event of special circumstances, renounce their membership in the imperial family with approval of the Imperial House Council; and that the Emperor and other members of the imperial family may not adopt children.
1559:
On
January 24, 2005, the Japanese government announced that it would consider allowing the Crown Prince and Crown Princess to adopt a male child, in order to avoid a possible succession disputes. Adoption from other male-line branches of the Imperial Line is an age-old imperial Japanese tradition for
1463:
A large number of "Imperial Way" followers in the military were critical of the emperor for his scientific interests, self-effacing demeanour and presumed pacifism, considering him a "mediocre" individual easily manipulated by corrupt advisors. With his political leanings, Prince
Chichibu antagonized
1455:
to the throne until the birth of Crown Prince
Akihito in December 1933. As a career military officer and known nationalist with radical leanings, the prince enjoyed close relations with the rightist faction in the military. During the early 1930s, his strong support for the "Imperial Way" faction in
1616:
In
November 2020, it was recommended that the discussion be shelved until Prince Hisahito himself becomes an adult and begins producing offspring, this proposition has been criticized as possibly delaying the debate until the women of the imperial house would be too old to have children, as getting
359:
In all instances, the succession proceeded from the eldest male heir to the youngest (Ch. I: Article 3). In the majority of cases, the legitimate sons and male heirs of an emperor were favoured over those born to concubines. Illegitimate sons would only be eligible to succeed if no other male heirs
1480:
about the possibility of forcing the emperor to abdicate in favour of his son the Crown Prince, and declaring a regency with Prince
Takamatsu as regent. On 8 July, the decision was formally taken, with Prince Takamatsu endorsing it several days later. By this plan, Prince Higashikuni would replace
1467:
In July 1944, though the hopelessness of Japan's war effort became clear after the loss of Saipan, the emperor persisted in defending Prime
Minister Tojo and his government and refused to dismiss him. Recognising the emperor's continued obstructiveness would lead to certain defeat, Marquess
1441:
The Nashimoto collateral branch became extinct in 1951, followed by the Yamashina in 1987, the Kan'in in 1988, and the Kitashirakawa in 2018. The main Fushimi-no-miya line and the Kaya, Kuni, Asaka, Higashikuni, and Takeda collateral branches remain extant, though the present head of the
1450:
Debate over the imperial succession was first raised in the late 1920s, after the Shōwa Emperor's accession. For the first eight years of their marriage, the emperor and empress only had girls; as a result, the emperor's younger brother, Prince Chichibu, remained first in line and
1628:
The results of various polls and surveys in recent years have shown consistent high levels of support for reigning empresses. According to a 2005 poll, 85% of the Japanese support reigning empresses, 71% support matrilineal emperors and 54% support absolute primogeniture.
523:
that were extant as of 1947. A 1907 amendment to the Imperial House Law further reduced the number of imperial princes eligible to succeed to the throne. By the amended 1889 house law, the imperial line of succession continued as follows:
488:
Prior to this date, the imperial succession was defined by the Imperial House Law of 1889. As the Taishō Emperor had no brothers, if the main family line had become extinct, the imperial line would have continued through the
1674:
345:
1632:
Polls in more recent years have shown overwhelming support, 76% in an Asahi Shimbun poll (2018), 92% in a NHK survey (2018) and 82%, 85% and 87% in Kyodo News polls from 2018, 2019, and 2021, respectively.
1485:, the Prince Takamatsu and his uncles the Princes Asaka and Higashikuni to pressure the emperor to ask for Tojo's resignation; this strategy proved successful, and Tojo resigned his posts on 18 July.
1595:, who died in 1398. The Ōke families have not been considered aristocrats since 1947 and their descendants are engaged in various private business and media concerns. Notably, the far-right YouTuber
1552:, there was significant public debate about amending the Imperial House Law to allow female descendants of an emperor and their descendants to succeed to the throne. In January 2005, Prime Minister
1781:
496:
cadet branch under the terms of the 1889 house law. The Fushimi-no-miya house constitute the nearest direct-male line of imperial descendants; the princes of this branch were descended from
2186:
1620:
In September 2021, it was considered to amend the Imperial Household Law and allow the 85-year-old Prince Hitachi to adopt a male member of the collateral branches of the imperial family.
1511:
that went into effect in May 1947. In an effort to control the size of the imperial family, the law stipulates that only legitimate male descendants in the male line can be dynasts; that
953:
Includes individuals' possible positions in the line of succession were the cadet branches to be reinstated. All princes born before October 14, 1947, lost their titles from that date.
193:
1548:
Before September 2006, there was a potential succession crisis since no male child had been born into the imperial family since Prince Akishino in 1965. Following the birth of
1714:
p. 1239, "The Imperial House Law - A Supplement to the Imperial House Law (February 11, 1907)," Japan Year Book 1933, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo
1556:
appointed a special panel of judges, university professors, and civil servants to study changes to the Imperial House Law and to make recommendations to the government.
2375:
2179:
2069:
186:
1696:
p. 1235, "The Imperial House Law - Chapter 1: Succession to the Imperial Throne," Japan Year Book 1933, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo
1503:
enacted by the 92nd and last session of the Imperial Diet, retained the exclusion on female dynasts found in the 1889 law. The government of Prime Minister
2335:
2025:
2370:
2365:
2360:
1456:
the army was an open secret; he cultivated strong friendships with several junior officers who were later instrumental in leading the revolt during the
515:. Prince Fushimi Kuniie had 17 sons, 3 of which were by the prince's wife Princess Takatsukasa Hiroko (including his future heirs, Prince Sadanori and
2380:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2254:
2172:
102:
1617:
married removes them from the imperial house, however such a law may retroactively bring princesses back into the family and resolve this problem.
1576:
has proposed absolute primogeniture, which would permit the women of the existing imperial household to serve as empress as well as produce heirs.
2044:
179:
2294:
142:
2259:
1442:
Fushimi-no-miya family lacks a male heir to continue his lineage. Also, Fushimi is pending extinction for having no men below the age of 60.
107:
1497:
provides that "The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial Household Law passed by the Diet."
2269:
2264:
1543:
117:
112:
1736:
2284:
2244:
2219:
1903:
1822:
132:
92:
67:
2274:
2224:
2209:
1934:
1872:
1847:
1531:
122:
72:
57:
2319:
2304:
2299:
2249:
2214:
167:
152:
147:
97:
62:
348:
was the first Japanese law to regulate the imperial succession. Until October 1947, when it was abolished and replaced with the
2314:
2229:
281:
162:
77:
2289:
2279:
2234:
1324:
832:
137:
127:
82:
1564:. The birth of Prince Hisahito temporarily relieved this discussion of urgency, but it continues to be a subject of debate.
1613:
A 2005 poll found that 71% of the Japanese public believe the imperial family should have input on the succession problem.
2309:
855:
847:
157:
2401:
1863:
Shillony, Ben-Ami (1998). ""The February 26 Affair: Politics of a Military Insurrection"". In Large, Stephen S. (ed.).
1838:
Shillony, Ben-Ami (1998). ""The February 26 Affair: Politics of a Military Insurrection"". In Large, Stephen S. (ed.).
1219:
819:
794:
363:
On 11 February 1907, an amendment was made to the Imperial House Law to reduce the numbers of imperial princes in the
297:
2073:
2406:
1739:[Former Imperial family member Kitashirakawa Michihisa dies] (in Japanese). 23 October 2018. Archived from
458:
1951:
1577:
1242:
936:
919:
748:
617:
607:
476:
449:
1802:
1800:
1353:
990:
890:
568:
438:
317:
2144:
2119:
2094:
1792:
1338:
982:
974:
873:
560:
552:
516:
467:
1561:
1519:(princesses) lose their status as imperial family-members if they marry outside the imperial family; that
1499:
592:
349:
211:
1170:
1142:
1113:
1052:
17:
1508:
1494:
1330:
1181:
1095:
1044:
959:
839:
763:
707:
660:
537:
497:
353:
1606:, whose YouTube account was terminated in 2018 for hate speech violations, is a male-line heir to the
1596:
1410:
1378:
1761:
p. 2-5, "Japanese Royalty" Japan Year Book 1939, Kenkyusha Press, Foreign Association of Japan, Tokyo
1549:
1507:
cobbled together the legislation to bring the Imperial House in compliance with the American-written
1477:
1457:
1234:
1103:
1029:
810:
717:
643:
207:
33:
2195:
1225:
1151:
1131:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1014:
799:
628:
41:
1122:
1989:
1601:
1415:
512:
1926:
1920:
1705:
pg. 143-144, "Leaders and Leadership In Japan," Japan Library, Curzon Press Ltd., Richmond, 1996
2010:
1930:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1868:
1843:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1553:
926:
753:
599:
406:
1650:
1534:, it requires special legislation and cannot be explicitly expressed by the monarch himself.
1950:
1740:
1452:
1401:
906:
509:
375:
Historic line of succession according to the Imperial House Law of 1889 (as of October 1947)
264:
233:
1584:
1504:
1001:
966:
579:
544:
490:
395:) cadet branches, the immediate line of succession to the Japanese throne was as follows:
245:
1592:
505:
1580:
opposed the introduction of absolute primogeniture, as have several Japanese lawmakers.
1997:
1770:
1607:
1482:
1473:
1345:
880:
501:
1977:
1723:
2395:
1573:
1187:
768:
1036:
1021:
650:
635:
401:
241:
228:
1469:
414:
259:
222:
The list below contains all people currently eligible to succeed to the throne.
214:. At present, only direct male-line males are allowed to ascend the throne.
2026:"Japan may shelve imperial succession decision despite calls from the Diet"
419:
48:
1865:
Shōwa Japan, political, economic and social history, 1926-1989: Volume I
1840:
Shōwa Japan, political, economic and social history, 1926-1989: Volume I
2164:
429:
379:
As of October 14, 1947, when the Imperial Household Law abolished the
2045:"Adopted sons tipped to stave off Japan's imperial succession crisis"
1588:
519:) and the rest were all by various concubines, of whom five begat
1583:
The conservative wing of the Diet has proposed un-abolishing the
352:, it defined the succession to the throne under the principle of
2168:
1990:"動画の保守系チャンネル相次ぎ閉鎖 「言論人の暗殺だ」作家・竹田恒泰氏が激怒 左派系ネットユーザーが監視か （1/2ページ）"
1894:(Book) (1st Perennial ed.). New York: Perennial. pp.
1813:(Book) (1st Perennial ed.). New York: Perennial. pp.
1530:
For an imperial abdication to take place, such as the one that
1724:【写真】愛子様のお婿さん候補は2人！賀陽孝憲（かやたかのり）氏と池坊専宗（いけのぼうせんしゅう）氏はどんな人物？
1922:
Emperor Hirohito and Shōwa Japan; a political biography
1673:
Potentially ineligible to succeed by the terms of the
1649:
Potentially ineligible to succeed by the terms of the
1952:"Japan Panel Backs the Idea of a Woman on the Throne"
1925:(Book) (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. pp.
1266:
Unknown second son of Higashikuni Masahiko (b. 2014)
2328:
2202:
1591:. The Ōke are descended by a direct-male line from
1260:
Unknown first son of Higashikuni Masahiko (b. 2010)
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1523:(imperial princes), other than the crown prince,
1446:Shōwa period succession debates and controversies
500:(1802–1872), a 12th-generation descendant of the
2145:"「女性天皇になるか主婦になるか」引き裂かれ続けた愛子さまの20年（プレジデントオンライン）"
2095:"愛子さま成人で動き出す女性天皇議論 岸田首相が実現に舵を切る可能性（NEWSポストセブン）"
1472:, the Lord Privy Seal, quietly consulted with
1304:Unknown son of Higashikuni Mutsuhiko (b. 2012)
2180:
2070:"皇室典範調査：８５％が女性天皇容認 男系維持も２２％－皇室：MSN毎日インタラクティブ"
1290:Unknown son of Higashikuni Teruhiko (b. 2004)
187:
8:
2320:United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms
2120:"英メール紙、愛子さまのティアラ問題など大特集 「女性天皇論」にも言及（日刊スポーツ）"
1959:. Los Angeles, California. 25 November 2005
508:, who was himself the grandson of the 93rd
2187:
2173:
2165:
2043:Parry, Richard Lloyd (September 6, 2021).
865:Prince Kitashirakawa Michihisa (1937–2018)
194:
180:
28:
18:Line of succession to the Japanese throne
1891:Hirohito and the making of modern Japan
1810:Hirohito and the making of modern Japan
1689:
1642:
1476:and the emperor's uncle General Prince
47:
40:
1160:Unknown son of Kuni Asatoshi (b. 2015)
530:Cadet branches before October 14, 1947
206:The current line of succession to the
168:United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms
2020:
2018:
1782:Genealogy of the Fushimi-no-miya (jp)
1538:Heisei/Reiwa period succession crisis
7:
1568:Proposed changes to succession rules
1544:Japanese imperial succession debate
1572:As above, the liberal wing of the
1500:The Imperial Household Law of 1947
1363:Prince Takeda Tsunetada (b. 1940)
25:
1978:Rally against Japan royals change
1771:Genealogy of the House of Fushimi
1610:as a nephew of the current head.
899:Prince Takeda Tsunetada (b. 1940)
1298:Higashikuni Mutsuhiko (b. 1980)
1203:Prince Asaka Tomohiko (b. 1943)
778:Prince Asaka Takehiko (b. 1912)
413:
400:
258:
240:
227:
1284:Higashikuni Teruhiko (b. 1979)
1252:Higashikuni Masahiko (b. 1974)
784:Prince Asaka Tomohiko (b. 1943)
282:Fumihito, Crown Prince Akishino
1325:Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
1314:Higashikuni Morihiko (b. 1967)
1278:Higashikuni Naohiko (b. 1953)
833:Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
699:Prince Kaya Takenori (b. 1942)
693:Prince Kaya Munenori (b. 1935)
687:Prince Kaya Fuminori (b. 1931)
675:Prince Kaya Harunori (b. 1926)
669:Prince Kaya Kuninaga (b. 1922)
340:The Imperial House Law of 1889
1:
1867:. Routledge. pp. 90–92.
1842:. Routledge. pp. 90–92.
856:Prince Kitashirakawa Nagahisa
848:Prince Kitashirakawa Naruhisa
738:Prince Kuni Asahiro (b. 1944)
732:Prince Kuni Asatake (b. 1940)
726:Prince Kuni Kuniaki (b. 1929)
681:Prince Kaya Akinori (b. 1929)
2072:. 2005-12-15. Archived from
1369:Takeda Tsunetaka (born 1974)
385:Princely Houses of the Blood
322:
302:
286:
270:
250:
1726:(In Japanese). 15 May 2024.
1426:Takeda Tsuneyoshi (b. 1978)
1243:Prince Higashikuni Nobuhiko
1220:Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko
820:Prince Higashikuni Nobuhiko
795:Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko
298:Prince Hisahito of Akishino
2423:
1919:Large, Stephen S. (1992).
1587:and its branch lines, the
1541:
1515:(imperial princesses) and
346:Imperial House Law of 1889
218:Current line of succession
1578:Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
1393:Takeda Tsunetomo (b.1980)
1387:Takeda Tsuneaki (b. 1979)
749:Prince Nashimoto Morimasa
618:Prince Yamashina Takehiko
608:Prince Yamashina Kikumaro
477:Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
1888:Bix, Herbert P. (2001).
1807:Bix, Herbert P. (2001).
1532:took place in April 2019
1489:Current succession rules
1354:Prince Takeda Tsuneyoshi
991:Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi
891:Prince Takeda Tsuneyoshi
569:Prince Fushimi Hiroyoshi
318:Masahito, Prince Hitachi
1793:"House of Fushimi" (jp)
1675:1889 Imperial House Law
1651:1947 Imperial House Law
1339:Prince Takeda Tsunehisa
1209:Asaka Akihiko (b. 1972)
983:Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
975:Prince Fushimi Sadanaru
874:Prince Takeda Tsunehisa
561:Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
553:Prince Fushimi Sadanaru
517:Prince Fushimi Sadanaru
2011:JNN世論調査（2005年1月15、16日）
1562:absolute primogeniture
937:Prince Kan'in Haruhito
920:Prince Kan'in Kotohito
593:Prince Yamashina Akira
423:(Hirohito; born 1901)
409:(Yoshihito; 1879–1926)
350:Imperial Household Law
212:Imperial Household Law
1542:Further information:
1509:Constitution of Japan
1495:Constitution of Japan
1331:Kitashirakawa-no-miya
1195:Prince Asaka Takehiko
1182:Prince Asaka Yasuhiko
1096:Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi
1045:Prince Kaya Tsunenori
960:Prince Fushimi Kuniie
949:Extant cadet branches
840:Kitashirakawa-no-miya
764:Prince Asaka Yasuhiko
708:Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi
661:Prince Kaya Tsunenori
538:Prince Fushimi Kuniie
498:Prince Fushimi Kuniie
354:agnatic primogeniture
2196:Orders of succession
1478:Higashikuni Naruhiko
1458:February 26 Incident
1235:Higashikuni Morihiro
1104:Prince Kuni Asaakira
1030:Prince Kaya Kuninori
811:Higashikuni Morihiro
718:Prince Kuni Asaakira
644:Prince Kaya Kuninori
504:pretender "Emperor"
470:(Takahito; b. 1915)
459:The Prince Takamatsu
208:Chrysanthemum Throne
42:Orders of succession
2402:Lines of succession
2076:on 15 December 2005
1226:Higashikuni-no-miya
1171:Prince Kuni Asahiro
1143:Prince Kuni Asatake
1114:Prince Kuni Kuniaki
1053:Prince Kaya Akinori
1015:Prince Kuni Asahiko
800:Higashikuni-no-miya
629:Prince Kuni Asahiko
461:(Nobuhito; b. 1905)
452:(Yasuhito; b. 1902)
450:The Prince Chichibu
441:(Masahito; b. 1935)
2351:Dominican Republic
2032:. 8 November 2020.
1743:on 22 October 2018
432:(Akihito; b. 1933)
2407:Japanese monarchy
2389:
2388:
1957:Los Angeles Times
1554:Junichiro Koizumi
1493:Article 2 of the
754:Nashimoto-no-miya
600:Yamashina-no-miya
468:The Prince Mikasa
204:
203:
16:(Redirected from
2414:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2166:
2160:
2159:
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2156:
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2135:
2134:
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2131:
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2110:
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1703:
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1678:
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1654:
1647:
1605:
1597:Takeda Tsuneyasu
1453:heir presumptive
1419:
1411:Takeda Tsuneyasu
1402:Takeda Tsunekazu
1379:Takeda Tsuneharu
907:Takeda Tsuneharu
439:The Prince Yoshi
430:The Prince Tsugu
417:
404:
326:
324:
306:
304:
290:
288:
274:
272:
265:Emperor Naruhito
262:
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210:is based on the
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182:
29:
21:
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2041:
2037:
2030:The Japan Times
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2005:
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1626:
1599:
1585:Fushimi-no-miya
1570:
1546:
1540:
1505:Shigeru Yoshida
1491:
1448:
1439:
1413:
1002:Fushimi Hiroaki
967:Fushimi-no-miya
951:
946:
580:Fushimi Hiroaki
545:Fushimi-no-miya
532:
491:Fushimi-no-miya
486:
393:Princely Houses
377:
342:
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220:
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2177:
2169:
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2136:
2111:
2086:
2061:
2035:
2014:
2003:
1998:Sankei Shinbun
1981:
1970:
1942:
1935:
1911:
1905:978-0060931308
1904:
1880:
1873:
1855:
1848:
1830:
1824:978-0060931308
1823:
1796:
1785:
1774:
1763:
1754:
1737:"元皇族の北白川道久氏死去"
1728:
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1698:
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1680:
1679:
1655:
1641:
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1638:
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1625:
1624:Public opinion
1622:
1608:Takeda-no-miya
1569:
1566:
1539:
1536:
1490:
1487:
1483:Empress Teimei
1474:Konoe Fumimaro
1447:
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1438:
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1346:Takeda-no-miya
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927:Kan'in-no-miya
916:
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881:Takeda-no-miya
870:
869:
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2255:Liechtenstein
2253:
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2238:
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2176:
2171:
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2167:
2151:(in Japanese)
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2126:(in Japanese)
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2101:(in Japanese)
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2054:September 30,
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2000:. 2020-07-04.
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1979:
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1971:
1958:
1953:
1946:
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1938:
1936:0-415-03203-2
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1915:
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1907:
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1884:
1881:
1876:
1874:0-415-14320-9
1870:
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1849:0-415-14320-9
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1586:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:Diet of Japan
1567:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:Princess Aiko
1545:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1528:
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1522:
1518:
1514:
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1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:(1847–1895) (
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1299:
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1286:
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1223:(1887–1990) (
1222:
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1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1188:Asaka-no-miya
1185:(1887–1981) (
1184:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1152:Kuni Asatoshi
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:Kuni Kuniharu
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
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1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1082:
1081:Kaya Takanori
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:Kaya Hidenori
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:Kaya Masanori
1061:
1058:
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1055:
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836:
834:
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815:
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804:
802:
801:
796:
793:
790:
783:
780:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
770:
769:Asaka-no-miya
765:
762:
759:
756:
755:
751:(1874–1951) (
750:
747:
744:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
719:
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283:
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247:
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239:
238:
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234:Emperor Shōwa
230:
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217:
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209:
197:
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109:
106:
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103:Liechtenstein
101:
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79:
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71:
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66:
64:
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59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
35:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2295:Saudi Arabia
2239:
2153:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2128:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2103:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:
2038:
2029:
2006:
1993:
1984:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1956:
1945:
1921:
1914:
1890:
1883:
1864:
1858:
1839:
1833:
1809:
1788:
1777:
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1731:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1645:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1593:Emperor Sukō
1582:
1571:
1558:
1547:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1498:
1492:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1440:
1423:
1407:
1398:
1390:
1384:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1357:(1909–1992)
1352:
1344:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1311:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1246:(1945–2019)
1241:
1238:(1916–1969)
1232:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1200:
1197:(1912–1994)
1194:
1186:
1180:
1167:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1128:
1123:Kuni Asataka
1119:
1110:
1107:(1901–1959)
1102:
1094:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1056:(1929–1994)
1051:
1048:(1900–1959)
1043:
1037:Kaya-no-miya
1035:
1028:
1022:Kuni-no-miya
1020:
1013:
997:
989:
981:
973:
965:
958:
952:
933:
925:
918:
902:
896:
887:
879:
872:
862:
854:
846:
838:
831:
816:
806:
798:
791:
781:
775:
767:
760:
752:
745:
735:
729:
723:
714:
706:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
657:
651:Kaya-no-miya
649:
642:
636:Kuni-no-miya
634:
627:
614:
606:
598:
591:
575:
567:
559:
551:
543:
536:
526:
520:
493:
487:
473:
464:
455:
446:
435:
426:
418:
405:
392:
388:
384:
380:
378:
368:
364:
362:
358:
343:
314:
294:
278:
263:
232:
221:
205:
143:Saudi Arabia
87:
26:
2361:Philippines
2280:Netherlands
1600: [
1470:Kido Koichi
1414: [
1341:(1882–1919)
1098:(1873–1929)
1032:(1867–1909)
1017:(1824–1891)
993:(1897–1938)
985:(1875–1946)
977:(1858–1923)
962:(1802–1872)
939:(1902–1988)
922:(1865–1945)
876:(1882–1919)
858:(1910–1940)
850:(1887–1923)
835:(1847–1895)
797:(b. 1887) (
766:(b. 1887) (
710:(1873–1929)
646:(1867–1909)
631:(1824–1891)
620:(1898–1987)
610:(1873–1908)
595:(1816–1891)
571:(1897–1938)
563:(1875–1946)
555:(1858–1923)
540:(1802–1872)
420:The Emperor
325: 1935
305: 2006
289: 1965
273: 1960
253: 1933
236:(1901–1989)
128:Netherlands
2396:Categories
2260:Luxembourg
2203:Monarchies
2155:2021-12-05
2149:Yahoo!ニュース
2130:2021-12-05
2124:Yahoo!ニュース
2105:2021-12-05
2099:Yahoo!ニュース
2080:2021-12-05
1685:References
1404:(b. 1947)
1381:(b. 1944)
1154:(b. 1971)
1145:(b. 1940)
1116:(b. 1929)
1065:(b. 1959)
893:(b. 1909)
813:(b. 1916)
720:(b. 1901)
663:(b. 1900)
513:Go-Fushimi
108:Luxembourg
49:Monarchies
2371:Sri Lanka
2336:Argentina
2329:Republics
2049:The Times
1513:naishinnō
1420:(b. 1975)
1173:(b. 1944)
1134:(b. 1961)
1125:(b. 1959)
1083:(b. 1998)
1074:(b. 1996)
1004:(b. 1932)
909:(b. 1944)
822:(b. 1945)
582:(b. 1932)
479:(b. 1946)
2366:Portugal
2356:Pakistan
2346:Colombia
2310:Thailand
2265:Malaysia
2235:Eswatini
494:shinnōke
381:shinnōke
365:shinnōke
158:Thailand
113:Malaysia
83:Eswatini
34:a series
32:Part of
2381:Uruguay
2275:Morocco
2250:Lesotho
2230:Denmark
2215:Belgium
2210:Bahrain
1963:28 July
1927:118–119
1896:283–284
1815:382–383
1747:29 July
1377:Prince
1233:Prince
1000:Prince
905:Prince
809:Prince
578:Prince
510:emperor
335:History
123:Morocco
98:Lesotho
78:Denmark
63:Belgium
58:Bahrain
2341:Brazil
2305:Sweden
2285:Norway
2270:Monaco
2245:Jordan
2225:Brunei
2220:Bhutan
1994:ZAKZAK
1933:
1902:
1871:
1846:
1821:
1521:shinnō
387:) and
153:Sweden
133:Norway
118:Monaco
93:Jordan
73:Brunei
68:Bhutan
2315:Tonga
2300:Spain
2240:Japan
1637:Notes
1604:]
1418:]
163:Tonga
148:Spain
88:Japan
2290:Oman
2056:2021
1965:2021
1931:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1749:2021
1424:(33)
1408:(32)
1399:(31)
1391:(30)
1385:(29)
1375:(28)
1367:(27)
1361:(26)
1312:(25)
1302:(24)
1296:(23)
1288:(22)
1282:(21)
1276:(20)
1264:(19)
1258:(18)
1250:(17)
1207:(16)
1201:(15)
1168:(14)
1158:(13)
1149:(12)
1140:(11)
1129:(10)
934:(31)
903:(30)
897:(29)
888:(28)
863:(27)
817:(26)
807:(25)
792:(24)
782:(23)
776:(22)
761:(21)
746:(20)
736:(19)
730:(18)
724:(17)
715:(16)
697:(15)
691:(14)
685:(13)
679:(12)
673:(11)
667:(10)
506:Sukō
367:and
344:The
138:Oman
1589:Ōke
1517:joō
1120:(9)
1111:(8)
1078:(7)
1069:(6)
1060:(5)
998:(4)
658:(9)
615:(8)
576:(7)
521:ōke
474:(6)
465:(5)
456:(4)
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