248:. By separating the conflicts that happened outside of Europe, extraterritorial violence didn't interrupt the peace of interstate treaties. The lines allowed for European powers to declare war and fight for territory overseas while maintaining "amity" at home. This phenomenon is often referred to as: "no peace beyond the line." While primarily fictive and not written in any formal treaty, they effectively created two different systems of foreign relations: that of the European mainland and that of their colonies.
36:
191:, an oral agreement between Spain and France clarified that the French could navigate west of the 16th-century prime meridian and south of the Tropic of Cancer, but at their own risk. Although the treaty doesn't involve the other European states' competition in the Americas, it laid the precedent for all
251:
Since international law was void west of the lines, the lines marked a shift in the necessity to maintain negotiations between world powers. The foundations of international order began to be laid when powers dissociated their federal government structures, from that of their colonies. Everyone
252:
beyond the lines were subjects, not citizens. The lines forced
European politicians and monarchs to question to what extend they should, and were able, to restrict the political freedom and autonomy of colonies thousands of miles away. As a result, both Britain's
241:. The lines established a division between domestic European affairs and the happenings in the Americas. Namely, that the turmoil and conflict west of the lines were confined there, whereas the powerful orchestrators of international relations stayed in Europe.
209:
When it was drawn, there was disagreement among major
European powers over where the line of longitude lay. The line of demarcation drawn by the papal state in 1493 is 100 leagues west of the
244:
Actions beyond the newly drawn lines of amity would not be considered a violation of international peace. As a result, they exacerbated the legal differences between Europe and its
187:
signed an agreement to protect their fleets in the Indies. In a truce to settle tensions, the French agreed to end trade and navigation in the area. As a part of the 1559
217:
trends further west. The Treaty aimed to divide territory among
Portugal and Spain. Originally, all territory east of about 555 kilometers (345 miles) west of the
508:
420:
221:
islands belonged to
Portugal, but eventually it moved about 1500 kilometers (932 miles) west in 1506 so that Portugal could claim the east of Brazil.
322:
552:
448:
Elizabeth Mancke, "Empire and State" in David
Armitage and Michael J. Bradick, eds.. The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800 (New York, 2002), 175.
60:
of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
515:(Presented at the Seascapes, Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges Conference on February 12 through 15, 2003, in Washington, D.C.).
403:
188:
237:
in the 18th century. The expanse of the
Atlantic only furthered the cultural, political, and social differences between Europe and the
278:
Netzloff, Mark (20 June 2019). "Lines of Amity: The Law of
Nations in the Americas". In Sowerby, Tracey A.; Craigwood, Joanna (eds.).
365:
297:
131:
57:
112:
84:
53:
69:
91:
98:
509:"Lines of Plunder or Crucible of Modernity? Toward a Legal History of the English-Speaking Atlantic, 1660-1825"
156:
that distinguished between
European states and the rest of the world. The line was generally drawn west of the
80:
46:
195:
of the era. To the north and east lay Europe, while to the south and west was the extra-European world.
214:
458:
65:
61:
199:
256:
identity and national institutions are impacted by power-struggles from the age of colonialism.
399:
371:
361:
330:
303:
293:
530:
490:
355:
285:
161:
153:
105:
289:
230:
192:
157:
546:
357:
European treaties bearing on the history of the United States and its dependencies .
234:
525:
Shirk, Mark. "2. THE GOLDEN AGE OF PIRACY AND THE CREATION OF AN ATLANTIC WORLD".
393:
279:
529:, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2022, pp. 35-68.
253:
245:
307:
218:
17:
334:
375:
238:
176:
534:
527:
Making War on the World: How
Transnational Violence Reshapes Global Order
184:
210:
173:
145:
494:
481:
Savelle, Max. “Colonial
Origins of American Diplomatic Principles.”
395:
Cultures of Diplomacy and Literary Writing in the Early Modern World
281:
Cultures of Diplomacy and Literary Writing in the Early Modern World
180:
52:
Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
29:
198:
In 1634, French statesman and member of the Catholic Church
354:
Davenport, Frances G.; Paullin, Charles Oscar (2004) .
164:. It is often referred to in literature as "the line".
202:
wrote, “lines of the amities and alliances” (French:
392:
Sowerby, Tracey A.; Craigwood, Joanna (2019-06-20).
229:The lines represented an important tension between
8:
425:Encyclopedia of Early Modern History Online
360:Clark, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange. p. 3.
213:, whereas the line determined by the 1494
132:Learn how and when to remove this message
265:
7:
444:
442:
440:
387:
385:
273:
271:
269:
485:, vol. 3, no. 3, 1934, pp. 334–50.
204:lignes des amitiés et des alliances
419:König, Hans-Joachim (2015-08-04),
290:10.1093/oso/9780198835691.003.0003
25:
463:education.nationalgeographic.org
34:
553:History of European colonialism
45:may not meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
321:MacInnes, Colin (1972-05-21).
1:
47:general notability guideline
398:. Oxford University Press.
284:. Oxford University Press.
569:
323:"No Peace Beyond the Line"
189:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
54:reliable secondary sources
43:The topic of this article
27:Imperial demarcation lines
483:Pacific Historical Review
179:threatened shipping, the
507:Gould, Eliga H. (2003).
497:. Accessed 12 Jan. 2024.
148:-building overseas, the
459:"Treaty of Tordesillas"
535:10.7312/shir20186-004
215:Treaty of Tordesillas
513:History Cooperative
206:) in a memorandum.
327:The New York Times
200:Cardinal Richelieu
49:
405:978-0-19-257263-9
160:and south of the
154:demarcation lines
142:
141:
134:
116:
44:
16:(Redirected from
560:
537:
523:
517:
516:
504:
498:
479:
473:
472:
470:
469:
455:
449:
446:
435:
434:
433:
432:
421:"Lines of amity"
416:
410:
409:
389:
380:
379:
351:
345:
344:
342:
341:
318:
312:
311:
275:
162:Tropic of Cancer
144:During European
137:
130:
126:
123:
117:
115:
81:"Lines of amity"
74:
38:
37:
30:
21:
568:
567:
563:
562:
561:
559:
558:
557:
543:
542:
541:
540:
524:
520:
506:
505:
501:
495:10.2307/3633712
480:
476:
467:
465:
457:
456:
452:
447:
438:
430:
428:
418:
417:
413:
406:
391:
390:
383:
368:
353:
352:
348:
339:
337:
320:
319:
315:
300:
277:
276:
267:
262:
227:
193:foreign affairs
170:
138:
127:
121:
118:
75:
73:
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
566:
564:
556:
555:
545:
544:
539:
538:
518:
499:
474:
450:
436:
411:
404:
381:
366:
346:
313:
298:
264:
263:
261:
258:
226:
223:
169:
166:
158:Canary Islands
150:lines of amity
140:
139:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Lines of Amity
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
565:
554:
551:
550:
548:
536:
532:
528:
522:
519:
514:
510:
503:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
478:
475:
464:
460:
454:
451:
445:
443:
441:
437:
426:
422:
415:
412:
407:
401:
397:
396:
388:
386:
382:
377:
373:
369:
367:9781584774228
363:
359:
358:
350:
347:
336:
332:
328:
324:
317:
314:
309:
305:
301:
299:9780198835691
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
259:
257:
255:
249:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
224:
222:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
167:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
136:
133:
125:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83: –
82:
78:
77:Find sources:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
526:
521:
512:
502:
486:
482:
477:
466:. Retrieved
462:
453:
429:, retrieved
424:
414:
394:
356:
349:
338:. Retrieved
326:
316:
280:
250:
243:
228:
225:Significance
208:
203:
197:
172:In 1552, as
171:
149:
143:
128:
122:January 2024
119:
109:
102:
95:
88:
76:
58:independent
468:2024-01-12
431:2024-01-12
340:2024-01-14
308:8203372524
260:References
233:and their
219:Cape Verde
185:Portuguese
177:privateers
92:newspapers
66:redirected
335:0362-4331
239:New World
56:that are
547:Category
376:53972141
254:imperial
246:colonies
235:colonies
427:, Brill
231:Britain
181:Spanish
106:scholar
70:deleted
402:
374:
364:
333:
306:
296:
211:Azores
174:French
168:Origin
146:empire
108:
101:
94:
87:
79:
62:merged
487:JSTOR
152:were
113:JSTOR
99:books
68:, or
400:ISBN
372:OCLC
362:ISBN
331:ISSN
304:OCLC
294:ISBN
183:and
85:news
531:doi
491:doi
286:doi
549::
511:.
489:,
461:.
439:^
423:,
384:^
370:.
329:.
325:.
302:.
292:.
268:^
64:,
533::
493::
471:.
408:.
378:.
343:.
310:.
288::
135:)
129:(
124:)
120:(
110:·
103:·
96:·
89:·
72:.
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.