53:
17:
2614:
617:
52:
2008:
227:
By 1870 the Lines no longer existed, but the two central forts in the towns of
Wissembourg and Altenstadt, still possessed fortifications that proved useful defensive positions during the
127:
481:
History of the
Eighteenth Century and of the Nineteenth Till the Overthrow of the French Empire: With Particular Reference to Mental Cultivation and Progress
637:
721:
1824:
119:
632:
408:
2671:
240:
115:
2418:
2113:
174:
676:(1701); lines that ran from Ieper, to Lille to Condé then along the Haine to the Sambre (constructed 1706–1708, breached in 1708); the
416:
158:
2233:
666:
599:
2018:
696:(1705) built by the Allies, and the next year, 1706, the Lines of Weissenburg which followed the same lines as the Lines of Lauter.
2443:
658:
56:
95:
91:
84:
2632:
232:
80:
2676:
1666:
1204:
714:
236:
228:
154:
2003:
1084:
189:
1599:
60:
2048:
1673:
150:
192:, commander of the Austrian III Corps, advanced towards the Lines in two columns. The first column assembled at
2681:
2545:
1623:
2592:
2367:
2073:
2068:
1988:
1785:
1732:
1702:
1459:
1389:
1333:
910:
707:
436:
185:
33:
2617:
2433:
2023:
1920:
1805:
989:
515:
413:
Book XV Second
Silesian War, Important Episode in the General European one. 15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745.
681:
2570:
2408:
2190:
1943:
1680:
1503:
832:
689:
673:
677:
2555:
2083:
1709:
1508:
1474:
874:
756:
139:
111:
684:(Breached by the Duke of Marlbrought in 1711). Other lines were constructed about the same time the
2372:
2108:
1464:
842:
685:
420:
143:
134:. Although Conti managed to fight his way through the enemy at Wissembourg and posted himself near
16:
2494:
2103:
2078:
2063:
2058:
1908:
1888:
1685:
1246:
1113:
857:
591:
181:
2550:
2509:
2484:
2357:
2038:
1878:
1725:
1311:
1189:
867:
810:
662:
595:
566:
559:
491:
484:
456:
217:
2524:
2499:
2428:
2352:
1953:
1948:
1883:
1434:
1238:
817:
551:
284:
170:
2413:
2265:
2238:
2178:
2148:
2033:
1998:
1978:
1963:
1518:
1513:
1481:
1242:
1184:
1172:
1154:
1021:
1002:
928:
905:
693:
578:
511:
503:
471:
197:
162:
231:. On 4 August 1870 the Germans under the Crown Prince of Prussia, afterwards the emperor
655:
The
Treaties of the War of the Spanish Succession: An Historical and Critical Dictionary
519:
2582:
2577:
2243:
2228:
2163:
2153:
2028:
2013:
1913:
1903:
1868:
1742:
1535:
1232:
1199:
1163:
979:
837:
801:
547:
404:
41:
2665:
2587:
2540:
2448:
2438:
2392:
2362:
2347:
2316:
2297:
2158:
2098:
2053:
1968:
1927:
1737:
1370:
1365:
1098:
1061:
1046:
997:
942:
921:
730:
680:
which ran from Aire through Douai and
Valenciennnes to Maubeuge (breached 1710). The
628:
623:
153:. The Lines were stormed on 13 October 1793 by an allied army under Austrian General
2565:
2423:
2387:
2342:
2326:
2254:
2207:
2183:
2173:
2168:
1983:
1800:
1661:
1628:
1493:
1429:
1404:
1316:
1290:
1258:
1252:
1194:
1133:
1103:
951:
166:
123:
126:
on July 1, and captured the Lines of
Wissembourg. This move cut off an army under
212:, and the main body of the III Corps reached the Lines. The French under General
2464:
2321:
2290:
2272:
2260:
2202:
2197:
2138:
2133:
2093:
1993:
1958:
1854:
1757:
1528:
1498:
1488:
1394:
1283:
1091:
900:
847:
201:
72:
68:
692:, following the river Hagenau and running from the Rhine to the Vosges (1704).
2489:
2469:
2309:
2281:
2212:
2088:
2043:
1973:
1893:
1790:
1695:
1635:
1594:
1572:
1523:
1469:
1419:
1414:
1399:
1358:
1306:
1264:
1209:
1051:
1014:
967:
244:
209:
193:
135:
2647:
2634:
672:— description of other contemporary lines built by the French: including the
641:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 499–500.
409:"Chapter 1: Section: Prince Karl gets across the Rhine (20 June-2 July 1744)"
1898:
1829:
1656:
1651:
1584:
1225:
1138:
1068:
1026:
852:
822:
783:
749:
530:
213:
142:, and his army moved down to take a decisive part in the war in Alsace and
2382:
2377:
2302:
2143:
1861:
1836:
1819:
1749:
1690:
1618:
1611:
1454:
1342:
1216:
1036:
1031:
1007:
935:
915:
895:
862:
479:
Schlosser, Friedrich
Christoph; Davison, David (also translator) (1845),
221:
149:
The Lines were still militarily and strategically significant during the
99:
2514:
2479:
2474:
1812:
1795:
1780:
1764:
1716:
1644:
1589:
1579:
1547:
1449:
1424:
1409:
1179:
1123:
1041:
888:
881:
827:
205:
37:
2519:
1873:
1439:
1377:
1321:
1299:
1276:
1269:
1145:
1128:
960:
792:
774:
744:
131:
442:
2560:
2504:
2248:
1773:
1604:
1444:
765:
622:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
271:. The alternative spellings are derived from the German and French
107:
103:
76:
67:
The Lines were 12 miles (19 km) in length and stretched from
51:
15:
699:
94:
the loss of the Lines by the French played a pivotal role in the
1542:
1384:
1351:
1326:
1118:
1108:
1077:
1056:
79:
River. The French built this chain of fortifications during the
703:
524:(4th ed.), Birmingham, 34 Wheeleys Road, pp. 767–780
204:. The Crown Prince advanced his Corps still further along the
312:
310:
657:(illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p.
44:. They were built in 1706 and lasted into the 19th century.
216:
abandoned the Lines in the night and fell back upon the
177:
on 26 December and forced to retreat behind the Rhine.
122:, skillfully manoeuvred his army over the Rhine near
376:
2533:
2457:
2401:
2335:
2221:
2126:
1936:
1847:
1563:
1556:
988:
737:
239:over a French corps (part of the army commanded by
114:. He was forced to abandon his invasion plans when
328:
340:
287:was in command of the assaulting French sources.
63:holds a council of war at the Wissembourg lines.
971:
200:. Count Wallmoden was directed to advance upon
1533:
1479:
1297:
1143:
2188:
1918:
1747:
1723:
1340:
1331:
1288:
1012:
808:
799:
715:
75:on the east, where they were anchored on the
8:
2307:
2288:
2279:
2270:
1859:
1834:
1810:
1771:
1762:
1714:
1700:
1671:
1642:
1633:
1609:
1570:
1375:
1356:
1274:
1223:
1214:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1089:
1075:
1066:
949:
926:
102:, in command of an army of 90,000, captured
958:
940:
886:
872:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
32:, were entrenched works — an earthen
1560:
722:
708:
700:
352:
247:, who was killed early in the engagement.
138:, Louis XV abandoned the invasion of the
653:Frey, Linda; Frey, Marsha, eds. (1995),
316:
280:
364:
301:
294:
256:
590:, Cambridge University Press, p.
574:
564:
499:
489:
466:
465:
454:
208:road. His advanced guard pushed on to
388:
188:advanced into France. On 25 June the
7:
556:The History of the French Revolution
419:V, Project Gutenberg, archived from
116:Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine
2114:Weapons Storage and Security System
165:were in their turn dispossessed by
417:History of Friedrich II of Prussia
196:, and the second moved forward by
14:
220:, occupying the large village of
2613:
2612:
615:
186:Austrian Army of the Upper Rhine
57:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
552:Shoberl, Frederic (translator)
283:, pp. 499–500 notes that
92:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
2009:British "hedgehog" road block
435:Clash of Steel staff (2007),
81:War of the Spanish Succession
2672:Semipermanent fortifications
483:, Chapman and Hall, p.
341:Schlosser & Davison 1845
2419:Cities with defensive walls
2004:Defensive fighting position
1919:
1724:
1534:
1480:
1341:
1332:
1298:
1289:
1144:
529:S.C. staff (24 June 2013),
190:Crown Prince of WĂĽrttemberg
159:First Battle of Wissembourg
110:and prepared to invade the
2698:
558:, Carey and Hart, p.
521:The Waterloo Campaign 1815
118:, assisted by the veteran
2603:
2049:Hardened aircraft shelter
2024:Entry control point (ECP)
377:Clash of Steel staff 2007
151:French Revolutionary Wars
20:Maréchal du Bourg Redoubt
2546:Continuity of government
586:Wawro, Geoffrey (2003),
535:, Soylent Communications
443:www.clash-of-steel.co.uk
263:Note: also known as the
237:first victory of the war
83:under the orders of the
2368:Motte-and-bailey castle
2074:Missile launch facility
2069:Main line of resistance
764:
638:Encyclopædia Britannica
588:The Franco-Prussian War
2444:Military installations
2308:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2189:
1860:
1835:
1811:
1801:Scarp and Counterscarp
1772:
1763:
1748:
1715:
1701:
1672:
1643:
1634:
1610:
1571:
1376:
1357:
1275:
1224:
1215:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1090:
1076:
1067:
1013:
972:
959:
950:
941:
927:
887:
873:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
755:
329:Thiers & Boyd 1884
128:Louis, Prince de Conti
64:
21:
2213:Floating water castle
1944:Admiralty scaffolding
1237:Fortified buildings (
269:Lignes de Wissembourg
229:Battle of Wissembourg
175:Battle of Wissembourg
55:
26:Lines of Weissenburg,
19:
2648:48.99674°N 8.07196°E
2556:Subterranean warfare
1509:Viking ring fortress
516:"Supplement section"
367:, pp. 771, 772.
155:Dagobert von Wurmser
140:Southern Netherlands
112:Austrian Netherlands
30:Lines of Wissembourg
2677:Fortification lines
2644: /
2373:Quadrangular castle
2109:Weapon storage area
1465:Quadrangular castle
686:Lines of Stollhofen
682:Ne Plus Utlta Lines
319:, pp. 499–500.
241:Patrice de MacMahon
180:In 1815, after the
59:, commander of the
2104:Underground hangar
1889:Fire control tower
1686:Gunpowder magazine
1114:Butter-churn tower
690:Lines of the Moder
577:has generic name (
502:has generic name (
423:on 12 January 2009
182:Battle of Waterloo
65:
40:— along the
36:dotted with small
22:
2653:48.99674; 8.07196
2627:
2626:
2551:Military urbanism
2485:Fortified gateway
2358:Concentric castle
2122:
2121:
2039:Fire support base
1879:Coastal artillery
1754:(Spanish America)
1348:
1190:Concentric castle
674:Lines of Brabrant
464:External link in
265:Weissenburg Lines
218:Forest of Hagenau
61:Army of the Rhine
2689:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2500:National redoubt
2429:Fortified estate
2353:Circular rampart
2313:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2194:
1954:Anti-tank trench
1949:Air raid shelter
1924:
1884:Disappearing gun
1865:
1840:
1816:
1777:
1768:
1753:
1729:
1720:
1706:
1677:
1648:
1639:
1615:
1576:
1561:
1539:
1519:Bailey (or ward)
1485:
1390:Motte-and-bailey
1381:
1362:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1303:
1294:
1280:
1229:
1220:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1095:
1081:
1072:
1018:
975:
964:
955:
946:
932:
892:
878:
818:Circular rampart
814:
805:
796:
787:
778:
769:
760:
724:
717:
710:
701:
678:Lines of Cambrin
671:
642:
621:
619:
618:
604:
582:
576:
572:
570:
562:
543:
542:
540:
525:
512:Siborne, William
507:
501:
497:
495:
487:
475:
469:
468:
467:|publisher=
462:
460:
452:
451:
449:
431:
430:
428:
392:
386:
380:
374:
368:
362:
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
320:
314:
305:
299:
288:
285:Charles Pichegru
278:
272:
261:
243:) under General
171:Charles Pichegru
96:campaign of 1744
2697:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2682:Forts in France
2662:
2661:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2607:
2599:
2529:
2453:
2397:
2331:
2266:Imperial castle
2239:Coercion castle
2234:Coastal defence
2217:
2179:Promontory fort
2149:Hillside castle
2118:
2034:Fallout shelter
1999:Concertina wire
1979:Border security
1932:
1843:
1552:
1185:Coercion castle
1173:Cheval de frise
1155:Chemin de ronde
1003:Albarrana tower
984:
929:Schwedenschanze
906:Promontory fort
733:
728:
694:Lines of Lauter
669:
652:
649:
647:Further reading
631:, ed. (1911). "
627:
616:
614:
602:
585:
573:
563:
548:Thiers, Adolphe
546:
538:
536:
528:
510:
498:
488:
478:
463:
453:
447:
445:
434:
426:
424:
405:Carlyle, Thomas
403:
400:
395:
387:
383:
375:
371:
363:
359:
353:S.C. staff 2013
351:
347:
339:
335:
327:
323:
315:
308:
300:
296:
292:
291:
279:
275:
262:
258:
253:
198:Niederotterbach
85:Duke of Villars
71:on the west to
50:
12:
11:
5:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2583:Trench warfare
2580:
2578:Tunnel warfare
2575:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Fortifications
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2244:Counter-castle
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:Border barrier
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Lowland castle
2161:
2156:
2154:Hilltop castle
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Electric fence
2026:
2021:
2019:Dragon's teeth
2016:
2014:Czech hedgehog
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1928:Wire obstacles
1925:
1916:
1914:Polygonal fort
1911:
1906:
1904:Martello tower
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Border outpost
1866:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1743:Polygonal fort
1740:
1735:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1707:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1354:
1349:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1235:
1233:Flanking tower
1230:
1221:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:Counter-castle
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
990:Post-classical
986:
985:
983:
982:
980:Vitrified fort
977:
965:
956:
947:
938:
933:
924:
919:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
884:
879:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
838:Defensive wall
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
731:Fortifications
729:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
698:
697:
667:
648:
645:
644:
643:
629:Chisholm, Hugh
611:
610:
606:
605:
600:
583:
550:; Boyd, John;
544:
526:
508:
476:
432:
407:(March 2000),
399:
396:
394:
393:
381:
369:
357:
345:
343:, p. 540.
333:
331:, p. 335.
321:
306:
293:
290:
289:
273:
255:
254:
252:
249:
98:. French King
49:
46:
13:
10:
9:
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2588:Urban warfare
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2541:Civil defense
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2409:Bastion forts
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2393:Z-plan castle
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2127:By topography
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601:0-521-58436-1
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235:, gained the
234:
233:Frederick III
230:
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31:
27:
18:
2629:
2611:
2566:Siege engine
2534:Other topics
2458:Related word
2424:Defense line
2388:Tower castle
2343:Bastion fort
2327:Urban castle
2255:Ganerbenburg
2253:
2208:Water castle
2184:Ridge castle
2169:Marsh castle
1984:Bomb shelter
1964:Belgian gate
1937:20th century
1848:19th century
1786:Retrenchment
1758:Punji sticks
1667:Entrenchment
1662:Device Forts
1629:Counterguard
1564:Early modern
1494:Tower castle
1430:Powder tower
1405:Outer bailey
1317:Inner bailey
1291:Gulyay-gorod
1259:Ganerbenburg
1257:
1253:Fujian tulou
1195:Corner tower
1134:Chamber gate
1104:Bridge tower
952:Trou de loup
654:
636:
587:
555:
539:September 2,
537:, retrieved
532:Lazare Hoche
531:
520:
480:
448:September 2,
446:, retrieved
437:
425:, retrieved
421:the original
412:
384:
372:
365:Siborne 1895
360:
348:
336:
324:
302:Carlyle 2000
297:
276:
268:
264:
259:
226:
179:
173:in a second
167:Lazare Hoche
148:
124:Philippsburg
90:During the
89:
66:
42:river Lauter
29:
25:
23:
2651: /
2465:Castle town
2322:Toll castle
2291:Lustschloss
2273:Kaiserpfalz
2203:Spur castle
2198:Rock castle
2139:Hill castle
2134:Cave castle
2094:Spider hole
1994:Bremer wall
1959:Barbed tape
1855:Barbed wire
1529:Witch tower
1499:Tower house
1489:Toll castle
1475:Shield wall
1395:Murder hole
1284:Guard tower
901:Pincer gate
848:Faussebraye
633:Weissenburg
609:Attribution
202:Lauterbourg
73:Lauterbourg
69:Wissembourg
2666:Categories
2636:48°59′48″N
2490:Gatekeeper
2310:Ordensburg
2282:Landesburg
2089:Sentry gun
2044:Flak tower
1974:Blast wall
1894:Gun turret
1791:Sally port
1696:Kotta mara
1636:Couvreface
1600:Breastwork
1595:Blockhouse
1573:Abwurfdach
1524:Watchtower
1514:Wall tower
1470:Shell keep
1420:Portcullis
1415:Peel tower
1400:Neck ditch
1359:Landesburg
1307:Half tower
1265:Gate tower
1210:Drawbridge
1052:Battlement
968:Wagon fort
811:Chengqiang
398:References
389:Wawro 2003
245:Abel Douay
210:Inglesheim
194:Bergzabern
163:The allies
136:Strasbourg
120:Otto Traun
2639:8°04′19″E
2593:Guerrilla
2336:By design
2084:Revetment
1899:Land mine
1830:Star fort
1657:Crownwork
1652:Covertway
1585:Barricade
1226:Embrasure
1139:Chartaque
1069:Bergfried
1027:Arrowslit
853:Gatehouse
823:City gate
784:Castellum
750:Acropolis
427:13 August
214:Jean Rapp
87:in 1706.
2618:Category
2608:See also
2495:Loophole
2383:Ringwork
2378:Ringfort
2303:Obstacle
2144:Hillfort
2064:Loophole
1862:Barbette
1837:Tenaille
1820:Sea fort
1750:Presidio
1710:Magazine
1691:Hornwork
1624:Cavalier
1619:Casemate
1612:Caponier
1455:Ringwork
1343:Detinets
1312:Hoarding
1217:Enceinte
1092:Bretèche
1037:Bartizan
1032:Barbican
1008:Alcazaba
936:Stockade
916:Ringfort
896:Palisade
868:Landwehr
863:Hillfort
688:(1701);
567:citation
554:(1844),
514:(1895),
492:citation
457:citation
222:Surbourg
144:Lorraine
100:Louis XV
38:outworks
2525:Vedette
2515:Schloss
2480:Festung
2475:Dungeon
2470:Château
2414:Castles
2222:By role
2079:Pillbox
1909:Outpost
1825:Station
1813:Schanze
1796:Sandbag
1781:Redoubt
1765:Ravelin
1733:Palanka
1717:Orillon
1703:Lunette
1645:Coupure
1590:Bastion
1580:Arsenal
1548:Zwinger
1460:Roundel
1450:Ricetto
1425:Postern
1410:Outwork
1334:Kremlin
1205:Curtain
1180:Citadel
1164:Chemise
1124:Caltrop
1042:Bastion
1015:Alcázar
911:Rampart
889:Oppidum
882:Nuraghe
828:Crannog
802:Castros
738:Ancient
626::
438:Surburg
206:Hagenau
157:in the
48:History
34:rampart
2520:Trench
2510:Picket
1921:Sangar
1874:Bunker
1806:Sconce
1726:Ostrog
1674:Flèche
1557:Modern
1536:Yagura
1504:Turret
1440:Reduit
1378:Merlon
1322:Kasbah
1300:Gusuku
1277:Glacis
1270:Gabion
1239:church
1146:Chashi
1129:Castle
973:Laager
961:Vallum
918:(Rath)
793:Castra
775:Burgus
745:Abatis
665:
620:
598:
184:, the
132:Alsace
2561:Siege
2505:Palas
2449:Walls
2439:Forts
2402:Lists
2249:Fence
2191:Rocca
2059:Kabal
1774:Redan
1681:Gorge
1605:Canal
1482:Shiro
1445:Ribat
1435:Qalat
1247:Dzong
1243:house
943:Sudis
875:Limes
833:Ditch
766:Broch
757:Agger
251:Notes
130:from
108:Ypres
104:Menen
77:Rhine
2571:list
1989:Buoy
1543:Yett
1385:Moat
1352:Ksar
1327:Keep
1119:Caer
1109:Burh
1085:Boom
1078:Berm
1057:Bawn
1022:Amba
858:Gord
663:ISBN
596:ISBN
579:help
541:2013
504:help
472:help
450:2013
429:2008
169:and
106:and
24:The
843:Dun
659:126
635:".
560:335
485:540
267:or
28:or
2668::
2610::
1245:,
1241:,
661:,
594:,
592:97
571::
569:}}
565:{{
518:,
496::
494:}}
490:{{
461::
459:}}
455:{{
441:,
415:,
411:,
309:^
224:.
161:.
146:.
1347:)
1339:(
1249:)
976:)
970:(
723:e
716:t
709:v
581:)
506:)
474:)
470:(
379:.
355:.
304:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
