342:
in the care of their mothers, who were mostly Tupi speakers. In this context, the paulista children, in their first years of life, were exposed exclusively to the Tupi language, having contact with the
Paulista General Language only at the beginning of their adult life. The predominance of the Paulista General Language in the Bandeiras was almost total, thus, the range of the Paulista General Language was largely extended by the actions of the Bandeirantes in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Paulista General Language was spoken and taken by the bandeirantes from São Paulo to places corresponding to the present states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná.
451:
unity and identity as a nation, bringing the idea of a homogeneous and stable language. However, few people from the colony could attend schools, which leads to the reasoning that, in homes, informal meetings, and in everyday life, the
Paulista General Language continued to be spoken normally, only disappearing completely at the beginning of the 20th century, with the great wave of European migration. While in the capitals this language had fallen into disuse, in the interior it was still alive, and there are hypotheses that the Paulista General Language gave origin to the
310:
unions. The Indian leaders, with the intention of establishing stable alliances with foreigners who had many new and desirable material goods, initially supported this type of interethnic union. The population of the coastal regions of São
Vicente, Piratininga and Alto Tietê, at the time of colonization, was made up almost entirely of Guayanás, Tupis and Carijós, speakers of the Tupi language.
266:(Elementary Vocabulary of the General Brasílica Language), was published in 1936 in the Journal of the Municipal Archive of São Paulo. Although the title mentions the Brasílica language (ancient Tupi), the vocabulary written by José Joaquim Machado de Oliveira is effectively one of the sources for the Paulista General Language.
467:
The main known document of the
Paulista General Language is the Dicionário de Verbos, undated and of unknown author, compiled and published by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in his Glossaria linguarum brasiliensium, under the name of "Austral Tupi". This document was given to Martius by Ferdinand
326:
Gradually, the Tupi of São Paulo ceased to constitute an independent and culturally diverse people and their language began to reproduce itself essentially as the language of the caboclos. The language spoken by this caboclo population gradually became different from the genuine Tupi. In the 17th and
350:
In the early 17th century, the
Paulista Bandeirantes began a series of raids against the Spanish Jesuit missions in search of Guarani slaves to work in Paulista lands. The contact established during this period of wars between Paulistas and Spaniards brought elements of both the Spanish language and
341:
The beginning of the bandeiras era, of mining and Indian preaching, in the 17th century, contributed to the maternal influence in the culture and language of the paulista population. Men and their children would go out on long expeditions for gold prospecting and mining, leaving their young children
309:
With the officialisation of
Portuguese colonisation in 1532, the union between white men and indigenous women became frequent, as the scarcity of white women on the Piratininga Plateau meant that, from the early days, the white inhabitant sought out the Indian in legitimate or temporary and multiple
450:
At the end of the 18th century, the
Portuguese crown, under the management of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal, banned the use of the Paulista General Language, severely punishing those who used it, imposing, from then on, the Portuguese language in Brazil, to ensure Portugal's
313:
The scarcity or total absence of white women in the region can be explained by the fact that the first groups of settlers who disembarked in the
Capitania of São Vicente were exclusively composed of men, many of them convicts or castaways. Only five years after the foundation of the captaincy, the
298:. The figure of João Ramalho was extremely important for the success of the Portuguese colonization in the region. Ramalho acted as an intermediary in the negotiations between the Tupi Indians and the Portuguese colonizers. He had a close relationship with the natives of the region, was married to
400:
In the 19th century, even with the intense dissemination of the
Portuguese language among the Paulista population, it was still possible to hear, albeit sporadically and only in the older generation, the Paulista General Language. In 1853, the politician and historian José Inocêncio Alves Alvim,
322:
emerged in the region, whose mother tongue was the Tupi of the mothers and also of all the relatives, since on the father's side there were no consanguineous relatives. This situation lasted for a long time and the Tupi language prevailed among the
Paulista population in the first centuries of
317:
The interethnic unions, however, were not interrupted with the arrival of this and other couples and the coming of Portuguese wives. What predominated in the region in the first decades of colonisation was the union between white men and Tupi women. In this context, the
375:
brought influences to the Paulista General Language when they were taken to the region of São Vicente. However, it is believed that because it expanded through the bandeirantes, the Paulista General Language probably presents a greater influence of the
401:
says, having consulted some old men who still remember indigenous words of the Paulista General Language. We can infer from Alves Alvim's statement that in 1853, in the surroundings of the city of
409:, words from the Paulista General Language were also used, sometimes accompanied by the Portuguese language, as António de Alcântara Machado describes, referring to the paulista term "
1388:
547:
1393:
405:, the Paulista General Language, although it was no longer common among the population of the region, was still present in the memory of the older generation. In
1383:
476:
vocabulary, in which the author states that many of the names contained in the vocabulary are currently current among the paulistas of the people, called
668:
480:. There were still, in the mid-nineteenth century, several expressions of the Paulista General Language in the discourse of the caipira people of
1276:
977:
472:
from 1816 to 1821. Besides the documents mentioned above, there is also a statement by Couto de Magalhães, in the introduction to the
327:
18th centuries, this language, already widespread among the Paulista population, became known as the "Paulista general language".
181:
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With influence on Brazilian toponymy, the Paulista General Language bequeathed many current Brazilian toponyms, such as
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279:
229:
100:
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654:
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244:
191:
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780:
473:
248:
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1398:
1205:
731:
430:
426:
372:
283:
511:
Vocabulário da Língua Geral Paulista. Língua falada no séc. XVII em São Paulo, Cuiabá e Rio Grande do Sul
1348:
1187:
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1296:
859:
707:
481:
1266:
1257:
1151:
1132:
1113:
963:
775:
456:
56:
1302:
1215:
1193:
1175:
1137:
1051:
875:
770:
377:
1317:
1285:
1247:
1237:
1102:
1089:
890:
815:
701:
291:
1225:
1181:
1122:
752:
742:
417:
In Curitiba, when I asked a poor man how his health was, he answered: sometimes well, sometimes
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368:
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287:
275:
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1199:
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233:
95:
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225:
134:
87:
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105:
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presents 48 paulista words, collected by him at the beginning of the 19th century in
221:
110:
286:, on January 22, 1532. When Martim Afonso arrived in São Vicente, he met a group of
388:
Among the other general languages of Brazil, Paulista is closer to Guarani than to
336:
236:
since the beginning of the 20th century. It constituted the southern branch of the
17:
262:, a new source of studies for the language was identified. The document, entitled
607:
Contributions to the Ethnography and Linguistics of America, especially Brazil
355:
into the Paulista General Language. Besides the times of war, the slavery of
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164:
147:
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360:
278:, the Portuguese colonization officially began with the foundation of the
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Denis, an important French historian and bibliographer who lived in the
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434:
637:
Dictionary of ancient Tupi: the classic Indian language of Brazil
650:
622:
Vocabulary of the language spoken in Aldeia-do-Rio-das-Pedras
232:. Today it is only of historical interest, as it has been a
198:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
306:, and was already established among the Tupi since 1508.
534:[Rare record of paulista language identified].
314:
first Portuguese couple disembarked in São Vicente.
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532:"Registro raro de língua paulista é identificado"
455:, spoken in the caipira cultural belt, known as
571:The first inhabitants of the Paulista territory
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264:Vocabulário Elementar da Língua Geral Brasílica
29:Extinct Tupi-based language of southern Brazil
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8:
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930:
914:
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437:communities in the Minas Gerais Province.
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1389:Languages attested from the 17th century
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192:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1394:Languages extinct in the 18th century
605:MARTIUS, Carl Friedrich Philipp von.
530:Anunciação, Silvio (March 24, 2014).
7:
600:
598:
582:
580:
550:from the original on March 25, 2014
228:formed in the 16th century, in the
158:(used by Glottolog, retired by ISO)
1384:Extinct languages of South America
25:
573:(in Portuguese). pp. 62–746.
425:Travelling to the sources of the
589:South American general languages
294:convicts, led by the Portuguese
258:In 2014, during research at the
346:Spanish and Guarani influences
1:
639:(in Portuguese). p. 537.
544:State University of Campinas
591:(in Portuguese). p. 8.
538:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
282:by the Portuguese nobleman
1415:
334:
1358:
1079:Paulista General Language
620:SAINT-HILAIRE, Augustin.
323:Portuguese colonisation.
255:, Biriricas, and others.
214:Southern General Language
210:Paulista General Language
178:
116:Paulista General Language
39:
35:Paulista General Language
609:(in German). p. 99.
429:and the Goiás Province,
302:, daughter of the chief
280:Captaincy of São Vicente
230:Captaincy of São Vicente
384:Other general languages
431:Augustin Saint-Hilaire
423:
284:Martim Afonso de Sousa
260:University of Campinas
180:This article contains
396:19th and 20th century
251:, Batovi, Batuquara,
624:. pp. 254–255.
427:São Francisco River
378:Portuguese language
371:) and Carijós from
80:16th–20th centuries
18:Lingua Geral do Sul
781:Gavião of Jiparaná
587:RODRIGUES, Aryon.
482:São Paulo Province
413:" (English: bad):
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470:Kingdom of Brazil
369:Rio Grande do Sul
367:) and Tapes (now
276:history of Brazil
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188:rendering support
184:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
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1128:Avá-Canoeiro
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554:November 11,
552:. Retrieved
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494:Língua Geral
474:Avá-Canoeiro
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337:Bandeirantes
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296:João Ramalho
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238:Língua Geral
218:Austral Tupi
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101:Tupi–Guarani
40:Austral Tupi
26:
1313:Wayampipukú
776:Cinta Larga
457:Paulistania
194:instead of
57:Paulistania
1378:Categories
1234:(Jau-Navo)
1138:Tenetehara
1114:Tenetehara
992:Paraguayan
732:Kepkiriwát
536:unicamp.br
517:References
292:Indigenous
288:Portuguese
245:Aricanduva
1363:indicate
1297:Takunyapé
1286:Emerillon
1248:Uru-Pa-In
1238:Kagwahiva
1144:Guajajara
1103:Potiguara
1090:Nheengatu
891:Munduruku
876:Munduruku
860:Maritsauá
708:Karitiâna
702:Kabixiana
441:Currently
390:Nheengatu
331:Bandeiras
165:Glottolog
148:ISO 639-3
106:Group III
71:Paulistas
63:Ethnicity
1277:Northern
1267:Kamayurá
1258:Kamayurá
1232:Karipuna
1152:Turiwára
1133:Tapirapé
1072:Old Tupi
1047:Pauserna
829:Puruborá
816:Ramarama
811:Puruborá
548:Archived
540:Campinas
488:See also
407:Curitiba
304:Tibiriçá
220:, was a
200:Help:IPA
172:tupi1274
1361:Italics
1308:Wayampi
1216:Kawahíb
1194:Araweté
1176:Amanayé
1052:Sirionó
1042:Guarayu
1033:Guarayu
964:Chiripá
958:Guarani
944:Guarani
885:Kuruaya
771:Aruáshi
738:Makurap
726:Akuntsu
478:caipira
463:Records
353:Guarani
320:caboclo
300:Bartira
274:In the
270:History
253:Bicuíba
196:Unicode
131:Sources
67:Caipira
1279:(VIII)
1243:Kayabi
1226:Apiaká
1182:Anambé
1123:Akwáwa
1096:Omagua
1085:Cocama
971:Jopara
866:Xipaya
854:Juruna
846:Yuruna
753:Wayoró
748:Tupari
743:Mekens
718:Tupari
695:Arikem
686:Arikem
403:Iguape
365:Paraná
361:Guayrá
96:Tupian
53:Region
48:Brazil
1291:Guajá
1260:(VII)
1166:Xingu
1064:(III)
1007:Kaiwá
925:Awetï
835:Urumi
796:Suruí
791:Mondé
763:Mondé
435:zambo
419:ahiva
411:Ahiva
363:(now
1318:Zo'é
1218:(VI)
1200:Aurá
1116:(IV)
1062:Tupi
1035:(II)
1022:Xeta
985:Mbyá
953:Aché
909:Mawé
824:Karo
801:Zoro
556:2022
224:and
216:and
208:The
111:Tupi
1168:(V)
946:(I)
182:IPA
155:tpw
77:Era
1380::
597:^
579:^
546:.
542::
484:.
459:.
392:.
380:.
247:,
240:.
69:,
813:–
670:e
663:t
656:v
558:.
421:.
202:.
20:)
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