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911:", adding, "I find that people seem to think religion brings morals and appreciation of nature. I actually think it detracts from both. It gives people the excuse to say, 'Oh, nature was just created,' and so the act of creation is seen to be something miraculous. I appreciate the fact that, 'Wow, it's incredible that something like this could have happened in the first place.
765:. Shortly thereafter, in the release notes for Linux 4.19-rc4, Torvalds apologized for his behavior, calling his personal attacks of the past "unprofessional and uncalled for" and announced a period of "time off" to "get some assistance on how to understand people's emotions and respond appropriately". It soon transpired that these events followed
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734:. Calling himself a "really unpleasant person", he explained, "I'd like to be a nice person and curse less and encourage people to grow rather than telling them they are idiots. I'm sorry—I tried, it's just not in me." His attitude, which he considers necessary for making his points clear, has drawn criticism from
891:
champion, whom he met in late 1993. He was running introductory computer laboratory exercises for students and instructed the course attendees to send him an e-mail as a test, to which Tove responded with an e-mail asking for a date. They were later married and have three daughters, two of whom were
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named
Torvalds as the 2014 recipient of the IEEE Computer Society's Computer Pioneer Award. The Computer Pioneer Award was established in 1981 by the IEEE Computer Society Board of Governors to recognize and honor the vision of those whose efforts resulted in the creation and continued vitality of
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As of 2006, approximately 2% of the Linux kernel was written by
Torvalds himself. Despite the thousands who have contributed to it, his percentage is still one of the largest. However, he said in 2012 that his own personal contribution is now mostly merging code written by others, with little
1029:
for outstanding contributions to consumer electronics technology has been named in honor of the co-founder and honorary chairman of Sony
Corporation, Masaru Ibuka. 2018 Ibuka award was conferred to Linus Torvalds "For his leadership of the development and proliferation of Linux."
927:
Conference, Torvalds says: "There are like two golden rules in life. One is 'Do unto others as you would want them to do unto you.' For some reason, people associate this with
Christianity. I'm not a Christian. I'm agnostic. The other rule is 'Be proud of what you
720:. In 2013, Torvalds resumed using GNOME, noting that "they have extensions now that are still much too hard to find; but with extensions you can make your desktop look almost as good as it used to look two years ago".
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A sort of anti-celebrity, he is plainly ambivalent about fame and content to stay nestled at home in a tony cluster of million-dollar houses atop the densely forested hills of the
Dunthorpe neighborhood.
716:, saying, "The developers have apparently decided that it's 'too complicated' to actually do real work on your desktop, and have decided to make it really annoying to do". He then switched to
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In 1997, Torvalds received his master's degree (Laudatur Grade) from the
Department of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki. Two years later he received honorary doctor status at
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the computer industry. The award is presented to outstanding individuals whose main contribution to the concepts and development of the computer field was made at least 15 years earlier.
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approaching
Torvalds with a series of questions critical of his conduct. Following the release of Linux 4.19 on 22 October 2018, Torvalds returned to maintaining the kernel.
954:. As of that year, he was unaffiliated with any U.S. political party, saying, "I have way too much personal pride to want to be associated with any of them, quite frankly."
2719:
IC 009. US 021 023 026 036 038. G & S: computer operating system software to facilitate computer use and operation. FIRST USE: 19940802. FIRST USE IN COMMERCE: 19940802
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in fall of 1991 when another
Swedish-speaking computer science student, Lars Wirzenius, took him to the University of Technology to listen to free software guru
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915:" He later added that while in Europe religion is mostly a personal issue, in the United States it has become very politicized. When discussing the issue of
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processor architecture, which he favored at the time. He confirmed this in a 2012 interview. Torvalds abandoned GNOME for a while after the release of
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was motivated in part by the fact that the discoverer was an enthusiastic Linux user. Although the naming proposal referred to the mythological
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in late 1996, Torvalds accepted a position at the company in
California, where he worked from February 1997 to June 2003. He then moved to the
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in 2010 for "contributions to the advancement of the information technology industry, education, research, and the improvement of our lives".
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919:, he said, "Yeah, it's kind of ironic that in many European countries, there is actually a kind of legal binding between the state and the
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1514:"Technology Academy Finland – Stem cell pioneer and open source software engineer are 2012 Millennium Technology Prize laureates"
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presented him with the 2000 Award for
Industry Achievement. In 2005, Torvalds appeared as one of "the best managers" in a survey by
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University of Helsinki has named an auditorium after Torvalds and his computer is on display at the Department of Computer Science.
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Nicholas Petreley (17 January 2000). "This year's Award for Industry Achievement goes to the creator of Linux, Linus Torvalds".
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Moody, Glyn: Rebel Code. Engl. the beginning of work: Rebel Code. Eng. Riikka Toivanen and Heikki Karjalainen. In January 2001.
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that later became widely used. On 26 July 2005, he turned over Git's maintenance to Junio Hamano, a major project contributor.
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cartoon character", noting that this made him "half Nobel Prize–winning chemist and half blanket-carrying cartoon character".
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magazine named him one of "10 people who don't matter" because the growth of Linux has shrunk Torvalds's individual impact.
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is the only right way to do software", he also has said that he uses the "best tool for the job", even if that includes
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programming. He retains the highest authority to decide which new code is incorporated into the standard Linux kernel.
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I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.
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software for version control in the Linux kernel. He subsequently wrote a free-software replacement for it called
280:; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish and American software engineer who is the creator and lead developer of the
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789:(a combination of "free", "freak", and the letter X to indicate that it was a Unix-like system), but his friend
517:. In 1990, Torvalds resumed his university studies, and was exposed to Unix for the first time in the form of a
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597:'s speech. Torvalds would ultimately switch his original license (which forbade commercial use) to Stallman's
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Linus Torvalds receiving 2018 IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award from ICCE 2018 Conference Chair
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in the early 2000s and has achieved numerous certifications, leading him to create the Subsurface project.
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The first Linux prototypes were publicly released in late 1991. Version 1.0 was released on 14 March 1994.
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3090:"Yamanaka wins Finnish award for iPS work : National : DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE (The Daily Yomiuri)"
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1061:'s Global INET conference in Geneva, Switzerland, Torvalds was one of the inaugural inductees into the
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In 2006, the magazine's Europe edition named him one of the revolutionary heroes of the past 60 years.
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after complaints of distributors being unable to recoup their costs due to a non-commercial clause.
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3064:"Linus Torvalds wins the tech. equivalent of a Nobel Prize: the Millennium Technology Prize"
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and the inventor of melody and rhythm, the name was also meant to honor Linus Torvalds, and
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3004:"Linus Torvalds Named Recipient of the 2014 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award"
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in the summer of 1989, selecting the 11-month officer training program to fulfill the
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His academic career was interrupted after his first year of study when he joined the
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Linus Torvalds is married to Tove Torvalds (née Monni), a six-time Finnish national
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and IEEE President James A. Jefferies at ICCE 2018 on 12 January 2018 in Las Vegas
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3572:"Just for Fun, by Linus Torvalds and David Diamond; Rebel Code, by Glyn Moody"
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667:, both leading developers of Linux-based software, presented Torvalds with
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2536:"Linux kernel dev Sarah Sharp quits, citing 'brutal' communications style"
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On 20 April 2012, Torvalds was declared one of two winners of that year's
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3147:"The Computer History Museum Announces the 2008 Fellow Awards Recipients"
2513:"Lennart Poettering: Open Source Community "Quite A Sick Place To Be In""
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1329:(the Finnish Broadcasting Company) placed Torvalds 16th in the network's
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In 2004, he was named one of the most influential people in the world by
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currently sponsors Torvalds so he can work full-time on improving Linux.
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and Torvalds's share value briefly shot up to about US$ 20 million.
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693:. He was criticized for his use and alleged advocacy of the proprietary
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3205:"Linux creator Linus Torvalds honored with Reed College's Vollum Award"
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Torvalds is known for vocally disagreeing with other developers on the
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2488:"Torvalds: I want to be nice, and curse less, but it's just not in me"
2360:"Torvalds: I want to be nice, and curse less, but it's just not in me"
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system call accepts their dates of birth (written in hexadecimal) as
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2688:"Open Life: The Philosophy of Open Source (HTML book) | OpenLife.cc"
2183:"Linus Torvalds: A Very Brief and Completely Unauthorized Biography"
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2592:"After Years of Abusive E-mails, the Creator of Linux Steps Aside"
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1573:"List of IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award recipients"
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version 2. Dirk Hohndel became its head maintainer in late 2012.
379:, the Nobel Prize–winning American chemist, although in the book
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4280:
3924:
3475:"Linus Torvalds named one of the 100 most influential inventors"
2558:"Linux 4.19-rc4 released, an apology, and a maintainership note"
1666:
LAS16-500K3: Fireside Chat with David Rusling and Linus Torvalds
1580:
717:
644:
514:
406:
8077:
7855:
7593:
7372:
7334:
6863:
6387:
5020:
3746:
3742:
3701:
Linus Torvalds: Linux succeeded thanks to selfishness and trust
7032:
4823:
4801:
1497:"Linus Torvalds: Why Choose a Career in Linux and Open Source"
1326:
840:
794:
698:
289:
208:
138:
800:
where the kernel was first hosted, named Torvalds' directory
429:
graphics libraries)" for the QL, and a few games. He wrote a
234:
1790:
Crawford, John H.; Gelsinger, Patrick P. (14 January 1987).
228:
785:
Initially, Torvalds wanted to call the kernel he developed
401:
at the age of 11 in 1981. He started programming for it in
386:, he is quoted as saying, "I think I was named equally for
214:
3604:
Himanen, Pekka; Torvalds, Linus; Castells, Manuel (2001).
2801:"Linus Torvalds, already an Oregonian, now a U.S. citizen"
2712:
27:
Creator and lead developer of the Linux kernel (born 1969)
1114:
In 2008, he was inducted into the Hall of Fellows of the
6383:
708:
distribution because it had fairly good support for the
671:
in gratitude for his creation. That year both companies
550:
copy, which in turn enabled him to begin work on Linux.
446:
from 1988 to 1996, graduating with a master's degree in
656:
as one of the world's top 100 innovators under age 35.
351:, on 28 December 1969, the son of journalists Anna and
3706:
No highs, no lows: Linus Torvalds on 25 years of Linux
1398:
The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age
1372:
Just for Fun: The Story of an Accidental Revolutionary
863:, which Torvalds began developing in late 2011. It is
8364:
2300:"Interview with Linus Torvalds from Linux Format 163"
950:
In 2010, Torvalds became a United States citizen and
923:." In "Linus the Liberator", a story about the March
252:
243:
217:
211:
3283:"Torvalds, Stallman, Simons Win 1998 Pioneer Awards"
2088:"1999 Young Innovators Under 35: Linus Torvalds, 29"
845:
On 3 April 2005, Torvalds began development on Git,
820:
trademark and monitors its use, chiefly through the
240:
237:
231:
225:
205:
8298:
8168:
8088:
8024:
7983:
7927:
7866:
7792:
7721:
7660:
7604:
7540:
7464:
7383:
7259:
7203:
7127:
7059:
7031:
6898:
6776:
6656:
6608:
6567:
6507:
6471:
6421:
6207:
6189:
6136:
6059:
6031:
5904:
5876:
5867:
5764:
5727:
5689:
5651:
5616:
5538:
5387:
5235:
5226:
5152:
5054:
4946:
4886:
4877:
4782:
4687:
4403:
4296:
4206:
4197:
4130:
4035:
4028:
4019:
3996:
3958:
3917:
3910:
3858:
3787:
3780:
3667:
Linus Torvalds and His Five Entrepreneurial Lessons
2387:"Linus Torvalds switches back to Gnome 3.x desktop"
1663:Linus Torvalds, David Rusling (30 September 2016).
1414:
Prologue: Linus Torvalds; Epilogue: Manuel Castells
1244:, and in 2000, he received the same honor from his
363:, and the great-grandson of journalist and soldier
222:
202:
173:
160:
152:
144:
130:
120:
110:
99:
82:
53:
34:
2462:"Buggy? Angry? LET IT ALL OUT says Linus Torvalds"
1619:
1395:
1289:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century
3008:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
1767:. Cs.helsinki.fi. 16 October 2008. Archived from
1043:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
1027:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
3228:"Adaptive Optics Observations of Kalliope-Linus"
2443:"The Creator of Linux on the Future Without Him"
2306:. Linux Format. 29 November 2012. Archived from
1622:Rebel Code: Linux and the Open Source Revolution
859:Subsurface is software for logging and planning
639:, helping select the standard binary format for
1430:Nikkanen, Tuula: The Linux story. Satku, 2000.
753:On Sunday, 16 September 2018, the Linux kernel
1342:The 100 Most Influential Inventors of All Time
903:Torvalds has described himself as "completely
892:born in the United States. The Linux kernel's
7346:
6875:
6399:
5032:
3758:
2794:
2792:
2189:. Bellevue Linux Users Group. 24 January 2006
1019:IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award
935:In 2004, Torvalds moved with his family from
169:Anna "Mikke" Torvalds (née Törnqvist, mother)
8:
8424:Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
3376:"Linus Torvalds: The Free-Software Champion"
2829:"index : kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git"
2177:
2175:
1023:IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award
506:Operating Systems: Design and Implementation
328:IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award
324:IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award
3678:"Interview with Linus, the Author of Linux"
3537:"Exclusive: Linus Torvalds tells his story"
3423:"The Best & Worst Managers of the Year"
3113:"Linus Torvalds awarded 2010 C&C Prize"
3034:"2012 Internet Hall of Fame inductees 2012"
2936:"Torvalds leaves Silicon Valley for Oregon"
2779:"License page on the Github for Subsurface"
1947:"What would you like to see most in minix?"
1945:Torvalds, Linus Benedict (25 August 1991).
678:His personal mascot is a penguin nicknamed
628:to be closer to the OSDL's headquarters in
8085:
8074:
7863:
7852:
7601:
7590:
7380:
7369:
7353:
7339:
7331:
6882:
6868:
6860:
6406:
6392:
6384:
6336:
5873:
5232:
5039:
5025:
5017:
4883:
4779:
4203:
4032:
4025:
3914:
3784:
3765:
3751:
3743:
3710:
1567:
1565:
704:In 2008, Torvalds stated that he used the
513:, an educational stripped-down version of
367:. His parents were campus radicals at the
42:
31:
8544:Naturalized citizens of the United States
2954:"Divelog.blue Interviews: Linus Torvalds"
1818:"The Design of the UNIX Operating System"
1152:In 2003, the naming of the asteroid moon
307:"in recognition of his creation of a new
6836:Free and open-source software portal
4993:Free and open-source software portal
4551:Earliest eligible virtual deadline first
2876:Richardson, Marjorie (1 November 1999).
2026:"Linux Online – Linus Torvalds Bio"
1898:. Abc.se. 5 January 1991. Archived from
1369:Torvalds, Linus; Diamond, David (2001).
1283:has recognized Torvalds multiple times:
980:
878:
371:in the 1960s. His family belongs to the
322:." He is also the recipient of the 2014
267:
8371:
3557:"Red Hats off to a low maintenance son"
2732:"Linus Explains Linux Trademark Issues"
2331:"Linus Torvalds Ditches GNOME For Xfce"
1754:Torvalds & Diamond 2001, p. 38, 94.
1613:
1611:
1609:
1470:
952:registered to vote in the United States
481:The Design of the UNIX Operating System
405:, then later by directly accessing the
397:His interest in computers began with a
8479:Finnish emigrants to the United States
3642:Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland
3509:Linus Said – Music Parody (Momma Said)
3096:. Japan. 21 April 2012. Archived from
3066:. ZDNet. 19 April 2012. Archived from
2571:Corbet, Jonathan (18 September 2018).
1868:. The Linux Foundation. Archived from
1680:
1355:On 11 October 2017, the Linux company
1338:to the World's Most Influential People
1333:. In 2010, as part of a series called
1133:In August 2005, Torvalds received the
635:From 1997 to 1999, he was involved in
384:: Linux and the Open Source Revolution
3516:from the original on 11 December 2021
3111:von Eitzen, Chris (21 October 2010).
2754:"Subsurface | An open source divelog"
2366:from the original on 13 November 2015
2117:
2115:
562:mandatory military service of Finland
499:He bought computer science professor
7:
3555:Valsamidis, Tony (7 February 2003).
2916:from the original on 27 January 2001
2619:Corbet, Jonathan (22 October 2018).
2397:from the original on 3 February 2022
2053:"Linus Torvalds, Incognito Inventor"
1459:List of pioneers in computer science
1187:for Social/Economic Well-Being with
1009:The Carnegie Corporation of New York
6778:Professional related certifications
2799:Rogoway, Mike (14 September 2010).
2460:Sharwood, Simon (19 January 2015).
867:distributed under the terms of the
450:from the NODES research group. His
2665:"An Interview With Linus Torvalds"
2640:"The Greatest OS That (Never) Was"
2341:from the original on 11 April 2015
2274:"Linus Torvalds, Geek of the Week"
2122:Gumbel, Peter (13 November 2006).
616:, which has since merged with the
538:On 5 January 1991 he purchased an
25:
6557:List of software package managers
6542:Security-focused operating system
5405:Bharat Operating System Solutions
3562:Times Higher Education Supplement
3483:. 4 February 2010. Archived from
3429:. 10 January 2005. Archived from
3181:. 21 October 2008. Archived from
2590:Cohen, Noam (19 September 2018).
2486:Clarke, Gavin (7 November 2012).
2362:. The Register. 7 November 2012.
1485:from the original on 9 July 2010.
1359:made a song titled "Linus Said".
318:leading to the widely used Linux
8509:People in information technology
8386:
8374:
7314:
6842:
6841:
6829:
6815:
6368:
6367:
6357:
6346:
6335:
4999:
4998:
4986:
4972:
3840:Supported computer architectures
3259:. September 2007. Archived from
2983:Carnegie Corporation of New York
2272:Morris, Richard (17 July 2008).
2255:Linus Torvalds at Google, on Git
2065:from the original on 9 July 2014
1979:"Kernel 1.0 Source Code Release"
1375:. New York City, United States:
198:
6532:Distributions that run from RAM
3870:The Linux Programming Interface
3637:Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
3173:"Fellow Awards: Linus Torvalds"
3010:. 23 April 2014. Archived from
2734:. Slashdot.org. 19 January 2000
1704:"Geek Time with Linus Torvalds"
1702:Ko, Ellen (27 September 2010).
1626:. Perseus Books Group. p.
1520:. 19 April 2012. Archived from
957:Linus developed an interest in
757:was suddenly replaced by a new
647:. In 1999, he was named by the
589:Torvalds first encountered the
509:, in which Tanenbaum describes
375:in Finland. He was named after
355:, the grandson of statistician
3207:. Web.reed.edu. 24 August 2005
2208:Torvalds, Linus (9 May 1996).
1584:. 3 April 2017. Archived from
1287:In 2000, he was 17th in their
1225:In 1998, Torvalds received an
781:History of Linux § Naming
1:
8519:University of Helsinki alumni
8504:People from Dunthorpe, Oregon
8444:American computer programmers
3650:NBN:fi:sls-5464-1416928958070
3535:Loney, Matt (10 April 2001).
3307:
2856:"Debian's reboot(2) man page"
2573:"Code, conflict, and conduct"
2187:The Linux Information Project
2051:Rogoway, Mike (7 June 2005).
1932:
1920:
1852:
1723:
1650:
1601:
865:free and open-source software
533:: A Portable Operating System
8474:Finnish computer programmers
6489:GNU/Linux naming controversy
3676:Young, Robert (March 1994).
3570:Wayner, Peter (1 May 2001).
3453:"10 people who don't matter"
3285:. W2.eff.org. Archived from
2667:. Tech Crunch. 19 April 2012
2534:Gold, Jon (5 October 2015).
1479:"Linus Torvalds 2008 Fellow"
1340:, Torvalds was listed among
1206:In 2000, he was awarded the
1073:Millennium Technology Prize
1038:IEEE Computer Pioneer Award
685:Although Torvalds believes "
614:Open Source Development Labs
528:. His MSc thesis was titled
8449:American software engineers
6585:Linux Documentation Project
6527:Netbook-specific comparison
3724:Millennium Technology Prize
3640:(in Swedish). Helsingfors:
2878:"Interview: Linus Torvalds"
2028:. Linux.org. Archived from
1325:In summer 2004, viewers of
1078:Millennium Technology Prize
917:church and state separation
301:Millennium Technology Prize
295:He was honored, along with
286:distributed version control
269:[ˈliːnʉsˈtuːrvɑlds]
8560:
8534:Finnish software engineers
7955:Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder
6484:Criticism of desktop Linux
5598:Rocks Cluster Distribution
4712:High-performance computing
4534:Process and I/O schedulers
3321:"9793 Torvalds (1996 BW4)"
2515:. Slashdot. 6 October 2014
2210:"Re: Linux Logo prototype"
2155:"Leader of the Free World"
869:GNU General Public License
838:
778:
775:The Linus/Linux connection
601:version 2 (GPLv2) for his
599:GNU General Public License
579:
305:Technology Academy Finland
8484:Free software programmers
8084:
8073:
7862:
7851:
7600:
7589:
7379:
7368:
7310:
6809:
6494:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
6331:
4966:
4545:Completely Fair Scheduler
3810:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
3731:
3721:
3713:
3226:Margot, Jean-Luc (2004).
2001:"The early days of Linux"
1892:"The nightmare continues"
1454:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
1259:9793 Torvalds (Asteroid)
1120:Mountain View, California
983:
732:Linux kernel mailing list
373:Swedish-speaking minority
41:
8489:Linux kernel programmers
6309:Softlanding Linux System
5588:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
4466:Kernel same-page merging
3608:. Secker & Warburg.
3506:SUSE (11 October 2017),
3257:British Computer Society
2621:"The 4.19 kernel is out"
1687:: CS1 maint: location (
1544:"Computer-Pioneer-Award"
1212:British Computer Society
984:Awards and achievements
847:version control software
564:. He gained the rank of
6098:Linux for PlayStation 2
4809:OS-level virtualization
3178:Computer History Museum
3151:Computer History Museum
2329:Ricky (4 August 2011),
1838:Computer History Museum
1394:Himanen, Pekka (2001).
1183:In 2001, he shared the
1116:Computer History Museum
965:Awards and achievements
808:Authority and trademark
793:, who administered the
417:). He then purchased a
194:Linus Benedict Torvalds
58:Linus Benedict Torvalds
8514:Swedish-speaking Finns
8439:American male bloggers
8331:Hartmut Richard Glaser
6892:Linux operating system
6670:Free Software Magazine
6600:Linux User Group (LUG)
5747:Open Enterprise Server
4954:List of Linux adopters
3896:Linux User Group (LUG)
3427:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
2758:subsurface-divelog.org
2419:. The Linux Foundation
2096:. 1999. Archived from
1765:"NODES research group"
1739:. Program listing. In
1262:In 1996, the asteroid
1054:Internet Hall of Fame
1041:On 23 April 2014, the
1004:Great Immigrants Award
978:
884:
568:, with the role of an
444:University of Helsinki
442:Torvalds attended the
369:University of Helsinki
284:. He also created the
177:Sara Torvalds (sister)
104:University of Helsinki
8529:Open source advocates
8524:Writers from Helsinki
8469:Finnish male bloggers
8001:Karlheinz Brandenburg
7784:Douglas Van Houweling
7362:Internet Hall of Fame
6151:Damn Vulnerable Linux
5742:SUSE Linux Enterprise
5139:Resurrection Remix OS
3691:NPR Fresh Air episode
3630:Jukka Paakki (2011).
3253:"Talking to Torvalds"
3038:Internet Hall of Fame
2906:"Linus the Liberator"
1793:Programming the 80386
1266:was named after him.
1168:, a character in the
1063:Internet Hall of Fame
1057:On 23 April 2012, at
972:
882:
650:MIT Technology Review
546:before receiving his
456:Programming the 80386
454:while there included
343:Torvalds was born in
8454:Critics of religions
8243:Kenneth Klingenstein
8079:Inductees since 2019
7820:Ermanno Pietrosemoli
7678:Anriette Esterhuysen
7487:Kanchana Kanchanasut
7416:Elizabeth J. Feinler
6890:Contributors to the
6595:Linux Mark Institute
6267:Linux Router Project
4540:Brain Fuck Scheduler
3800:Linux Mark Institute
2560:. 16 September 2018.
2134:on 30 September 2009
1833:The Origins of Linux
1618:Moody, Glyn (2002).
1518:Technologyacademy.fi
1336:The Britannica Guide
1242:Stockholm University
1025:is conferred by the
822:Linux Mark Institute
763:Contributor Covenant
691:proprietary software
618:Free Standards Group
484:by Maurice J. Bach,
464:Patrick P. Gelsinger
413:(he did not utilize
8052:Tracy LaQuey Parker
8037:Yvonne Marie Andres
7960:Henning Schulzrinne
6199:SUSE Studio Express
5966:Other derivatives:
5048:Linux distributions
4734:Real-time computing
4006:Linux Standard Base
3663:(last post in 2011)
3455:. CNN. 22 June 2006
3342:"The 2010 Time 100"
3044:on 13 December 2012
1771:on 21 February 2010
1095:He was awarded the
816:Torvalds holds the
8499:Open source people
8429:American agnostics
7945:François Flückiger
7894:Lawrence Landweber
7492:J. C. R. Licklider
7180:Lennart Poettering
7114:Patrick Volkerding
7084:Benjamin Mako Hill
6948:Greg Kroah-Hartman
6522:Distributions list
6517:General comparison
6479:Criticism of Linux
6073:BLAG Linux and GNU
5940:Linux Caixa Mágica
4722:Compute Node Linux
4308:C standard library
3696:Ten years of NODES
3487:on 8 February 2010
3127:on 24 October 2010
2717:, 15 August 1994,
2310:on 19 January 2014
2280:on 10 January 2010
2234:on 13 January 2007
1902:on 5 December 1998
1820:. 14 January 1986.
1524:on 17 January 2014
1331:100 Greatest Finns
1222:EFF Pioneer Award
1160:, son of the muse
1011:honored Torvalds.
979:
885:
841:Git § History
748:Lennart Poettering
570:artillery observer
8459:Finnish agnostics
8434:American atheists
8362:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8316:Ivan Moura Campos
8248:Alejandro Pisanty
8186:Hans-Werner Braun
8126:Jean Armour Polly
8069:
8068:
8065:
8064:
7940:John Perry Barlow
7847:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7830:Florencio Utreras
7769:Srinivasan Ramani
7642:Daniel Karrenberg
7595:Global connectors
7585:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7548:Douglas Engelbart
7436:Leonard Kleinrock
7431:Peter T. Kirstein
7328:
7327:
7109:Mark Shuttleworth
6857:
6856:
6381:
6380:
6327:
6326:
6272:MCC Interim Linux
6215:Caldera OpenLinux
5534:
5533:
5014:
5013:
4962:
4961:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4507:Network scheduler
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4193:
4192:
3940:Linux kernel oops
3906:
3905:
3886:Linux conferences
3741:
3740:
3732:Succeeded by
3433:on 1 January 2005
3374:(26 April 2004).
3352:on 3 January 2007
3289:on 7 October 2010
3263:on 2 October 2007
3149:(Press release).
3100:on 22 April 2012.
2910:SiliconValley.com
2827:Torvalds, Linus.
2600:. New York City.
2093:Technology Review
1999:Wirzenius, Lars.
1830:Linus Torvalds.
1803:978-0-89588-381-0
1735:Torvalds, Linus:
1591:on 28 March 2018.
1273:Media recognition
1270:
1269:
1227:EFF Pioneer Award
975:Saraju P. Mohanty
626:Dunthorpe, Oregon
608:After a visit to
566:second lieutenant
425:"(in addition to
415:assembly language
191:
190:
115:Software engineer
16:(Redirected from
8551:
8464:Finnish atheists
8391:
8390:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8370:
8341:William Schrader
8280:Virginia Travers
8276:
8194:
8161:
8153:Suguru Yamaguchi
8144:
8086:
8075:
7965:Richard Stallman
7899:Paul Mockapetris
7864:
7853:
7602:
7591:
7456:Lawrence Roberts
7421:Charles Herzfeld
7381:
7370:
7355:
7348:
7341:
7332:
7321:Linux portal
7319:
7318:
7175:Havoc Pennington
7140:Matthias Ettrich
7128:Other developers
7046:Richard Stallman
6884:
6877:
6870:
6861:
6845:
6844:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6822:Linux portal
6820:
6819:
6791:Linux Foundation
6590:Linux Foundation
6408:
6401:
6394:
6385:
6371:
6370:
6361:
6353:Linux portal
6351:
6350:
6339:
6338:
6128:Yellow Dog Linux
6113:Think Blue Linux
6103:Scientific Linux
5978:CrunchBang Linux
5874:
5415:Damn Small Linux
5233:
5124:Paranoid Android
5041:
5034:
5027:
5018:
5002:
5001:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4979:Linux portal
4977:
4976:
4884:
4780:
4589:Security Modules
4204:
4033:
4026:
3915:
3795:Linux Foundation
3785:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3744:
3714:Preceded by
3711:
3687:
3653:
3632:"Linus Torvalds"
3619:
3606:The Hacker Ethic
3591:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3566:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3384:. Archived from
3372:Lessig, Lawrence
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3348:. Archived from
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3123:. Archived from
3108:
3102:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3070:on 20 April 2012
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3040:. Archived from
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2979:"Linus Torvalds"
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2904:Diamond, David.
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2785:. 19 April 2022.
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2441:(16 June 2015).
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2276:. Archived from
2269:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2230:. Archived from
2228:"Why a Penguin?"
2224:
2218:
2217:
2212:. Archived from
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2124:"Linus Torvalds"
2119:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2100:on 29 March 2011
2084:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1872:on 19 April 2009
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1625:
1615:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1577:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1546:. Archived from
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1416:
1402:. Random House.
1401:
1390:
1237:Academic Honors
1189:Richard Stallman
1111:Hall of Fellows
1059:Internet Society
981:
931:
914:
883:Torvalds in 2002
755:Code of Conflict
750:, among others.
725:Linux Foundation
622:Linux Foundation
595:Richard Stallman
582:History of Linux
501:Andrew Tanenbaum
460:John H. Crawford
448:computer science
312:operating system
299:, with the 2012
279:
278:
277:
271:
266:
265:Finland Swedish:
259:
255:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
125:Linux Foundation
71:
68:28 December 1969
67:
65:
48:Torvalds in 2018
46:
32:
21:
8559:
8558:
8554:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8539:Torvalds family
8399:
8398:
8397:
8385:
8375:
8373:
8365:
8363:
8350:
8346:Guy de Téramond
8326:Peter Eckersley
8294:
8285:George Varghese
8270:
8188:
8164:
8155:
8138:
8136:Michael Stanton
8101:Kimberly Claffy
8080:
8061:
8057:Craig Partridge
8020:
7979:
7935:Marc Andreessen
7923:
7919:Phil Zimmermann
7884:Robert Cailliau
7879:Tim Berners-Lee
7858:
7839:
7825:Tadao Takahashi
7788:
7774:Michael Roberts
7754:Abhaya Induruwa
7739:Masaki Hirabaru
7717:
7713:George Sadowsky
7703:Haruhisa Ishida
7683:Steve Goldstein
7656:
7596:
7577:
7563:Dennis Jennings
7536:
7460:
7375:
7364:
7359:
7329:
7324:
7313:
7306:
7255:
7251:Eric S. Raymond
7241:Bradley M. Kuhn
7199:
7170:Miguel de Icaza
7145:Olivier Fourdan
7135:Timothee Besset
7123:
7089:Peter MacDonald
7055:
7051:Michael Tiemann
7041:Alexandre Oliva
7027:
7008:Stephen Tweedie
6963:David S. Miller
6938:Michael Kerrisk
6933:Matthew Garrett
6918:Andries Brouwer
6894:
6888:
6858:
6853:
6830:
6828:
6814:
6805:
6772:
6652:
6604:
6563:
6547:Package manager
6503:
6467:
6446:Booting process
6417:
6412:
6382:
6377:
6345:
6323:
6252:Foresight Linux
6203:
6185:
6132:
6055:
6041:Container Linux
6027:
6013:Musix GNU+Linux
5920:Black Lab Linux
5900:
5863:
5854:Tiny Core Linux
5760:
5723:
5685:
5671:OpenMandriva Lx
5647:
5626:Calculate Linux
5612:
5530:
5480:Raspberry Pi OS
5383:
5266:Ubuntu Cinnamon
5222:
5148:
5129:PixelExperience
5050:
5045:
5015:
5010:
4987:
4985:
4971:
4958:
4942:
4889:
4865:
4849:User-mode Linux
4778:
4683:
4391:
4299:
4292:
4211:
4189:
4126:
4038:
4015:
3992:
3954:
3902:
3854:
3845:Version history
3776:
3771:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3717:Michael Grätzel
3675:
3671:AllBusiness.com
3629:
3626:
3616:
3603:
3600:
3598:Further reading
3595:
3594:
3582:
3580:
3569:
3554:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3519:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3490:
3488:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3094:Yomiuri Shimbun
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2714:Linux trademark
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2692:www.openlife.cc
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2538:. Network World
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2216:on 30 May 2012.
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2068:
2066:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2032:on 26 June 2004
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1829:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1745:11/1986, p. 63.
1734:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1669:. 24:10: Linaro
1662:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1617:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1445:
1410:
1393:
1387:
1368:
1365:
1275:
1203:Lovelace Medal
1101:NEC Corporation
1082:Shinya Yamanaka
967:
929:
912:
877:
843:
830:
810:
783:
777:
759:Code of Conduct
584:
578:
341:
336:
334:Life and career
297:Shinya Yamanaka
274:
273:
272:
264:
257:
253:
221:
201:
197:
183:
178:
168:
100:Alma mater
95:
78:
72:
69:
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8557:
8555:
8547:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8409:Linus Torvalds
8401:
8400:
8396:
8395:
8383:
8360:
8359:
8356:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8302:
8300:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8183:
8178:
8172:
8170:
8166:
8165:
8163:
8162:
8150:
8148:Klaas Wierenga
8145:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8096:Adiel Akplogan
8092:
8090:
8082:
8081:
8078:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8032:Jaap Akkerhuis
8028:
8026:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7931:
7929:
7925:
7924:
7922:
7921:
7916:
7914:Linus Torvalds
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7874:Mitchell Baker
7870:
7868:
7860:
7859:
7856:
7849:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7800:Nabil Bukhalid
7796:
7794:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7759:Dorcas Muthoni
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7662:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7647:Toru Takahashi
7644:
7639:
7637:Brewster Kahle
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7598:
7597:
7594:
7587:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7570:
7568:Rolf Nordhagen
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7468:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7387:
7385:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7350:
7343:
7335:
7326:
7325:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7287:Allison Randal
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7236:Federico Heinz
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7216:Donna Benjamin
7213:
7211:Valerie Aurora
7207:
7205:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7160:Ryan C. Gordon
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7131:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7099:Daniel Robbins
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7069:Solar Designer
7065:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7037:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6998:Linus Torvalds
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6908:H. Peter Anvin
6904:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6864:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6839:
6825:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6786:CompTIA Linux+
6782:
6780:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6713:
6710:Linux Magazine
6706:
6699:
6692:
6685:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6614:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6552:Package format
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6388:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6365:
6355:
6343:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6232:
6230:Familiar Linux
6227:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5910:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5880:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5794:
5792:Clear Linux OS
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
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5749:
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5716:
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5706:
5701:
5699:Austrumi Linux
5695:
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4816:
4806:
4805:
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4784:Virtualization
4777:
4776:
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4758:
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4676:
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4649:
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4637:
4630:Device drivers
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:SCHED_DEADLINE
4569:
4567:O(1) scheduler
4564:
4562:O(n) scheduler
4559:
4557:Noop scheduler
4554:
4548:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4529:
4524:
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4509:
4504:
4499:
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4411:Kernel modules
4407:
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4397:
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4393:
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4201:
4195:
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4177:
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4165:Memory barrier
4162:
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4136:
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4128:
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3990:
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3715:
3709:
3708:
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3698:
3693:
3688:
3673:
3664:
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3625:
3624:External links
3622:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3567:
3526:
3498:
3466:
3444:
3414:
3399:
3388:on 23 May 2007
3363:
3333:
3312:
3300:
3274:
3244:
3218:
3196:
3185:on 9 July 2010
3164:
3153:. 18 June 2008
3138:
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2770:
2745:
2723:
2704:
2686:Ingo, Henrik.
2678:
2656:
2630:
2611:
2597:The New Yorker
2582:
2563:
2549:
2526:
2504:
2478:
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2430:
2408:
2377:
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2321:
2291:
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2219:
2200:
2171:
2153:Rivlin, Gary.
2145:
2111:
2079:
2043:
2017:
1991:
1970:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1883:
1857:
1845:
1836:, 2001-09-19
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1216:
1215:
1208:Lovelace Medal
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1166:Linus van Pelt
1150:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1109:
1105:
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1093:
1092:C&C Prize
1090:
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1055:
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986:
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937:Silicon Valley
921:state religion
876:
873:
857:
856:
837:
836:
829:
828:Other software
826:
809:
806:
779:Main article:
776:
773:
768:The New Yorker
620:to become the
580:Main article:
577:
574:
558:Nyland Brigade
340:
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332:
189:
188:
175:
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131:Known for
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101:
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39:
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36:Linus Torvalds
35:
26:
24:
18:Linus torvalds
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8556:
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8482:
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8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8419:Living people
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8406:
8404:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8382:
8372:
8368:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8311:Laura Breeden
8309:
8307:
8306:Abhay Bhushan
8304:
8303:
8301:
8297:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8274:
8269:
8268:Liane Tarouco
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8253:Yakov Rekhter
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8218:Rafael Ibarra
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8203:Jan Gruntorad
8201:
8199:
8198:Frode Greisen
8196:
8192:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8176:Carlos Afonso
8174:
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8159:
8154:
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8149:
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8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8106:Douglas Comer
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
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7909:Ray Tomlinson
7907:
7905:
7904:Craig Newmark
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
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7734:Demi Getschko
7732:
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7709:
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7609:
7607:
7603:
7599:
7592:
7588:
7574:
7573:Radia Perlman
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7553:Susan Estrada
7551:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7527:Stephen Wolff
7525:
7523:
7522:Robert Taylor
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
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7483:
7480:
7478:
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7473:
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7463:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7411:Donald Davies
7409:
7407:
7406:Steve Crocker
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7371:
7367:
7363:
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7342:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7309:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7292:Karen Sandler
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7277:Keith Bergelt
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7226:Mary Gardiner
7224:
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7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7061:Distributions
7058:
7052:
7049:
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7044:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7034:
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7024:
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7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7003:Theodore Ts'o
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6988:Rusty Russell
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6978:Keith Packard
6976:
6974:
6973:Andrew Morton
6971:
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6789:
6787:
6784:
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6779:
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6762:
6761:
6760:Revolution OS
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6732:Linux Outlaws
6730:
6726:
6725:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6703:Linux Journal
6700:
6698:
6697:
6696:Linux Gazette
6693:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6648:Linux malware
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
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6613:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6580:Linux Counter
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6568:Organizations
6566:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6548:
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6518:
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6514:
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6510:
6509:Distributions
6506:
6500:
6499:SCO and Linux
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:Controversies
6470:
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6342:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6176:TopologiLinux
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Red Hat Linux
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6046:Sabayon Linux
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:Feather Linux
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5787:Chimera Linux
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5568:MIRACLE LINUX
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:CentOS Stream
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5410:BlankOn Linux
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5349:Peppermint OS
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5309:elementary OS
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:Derivatives:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5281:Ubuntu Studio
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:Ubuntu Budgie
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5219:
5216:
5214:(3.0 onwards)
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5192:Hyperbola GNU
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5007:
5006:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4912:Thin client:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Linux-VServer
4812:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
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4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
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4599:
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4590:
4587:
4586:
4583:
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4578:
4575:
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4570:
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4565:
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4558:
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4543:
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4535:
4532:
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4528:
4525:
4523:
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4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4436:Device mapper
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4388:
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4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
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4360:
4356:
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4351:
4348:
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4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4209:
4205:
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4200:
4196:
4186:
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4178:
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4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
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4151:
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4143:
4141:
4138:
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4133:
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4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3946:
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3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
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3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3736:
3735:Stuart Parkin
3727:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:Linux Journal
3679:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3615:0-436-20550-5
3611:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3565:. p. 28.
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3527:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3502:
3499:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3411:. p. 82.
3410:
3403:
3400:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3381:Time magazine
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3014:on 4 May 2014
3013:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2885:
2884:
2883:Linux Journal
2879:
2872:
2869:
2857:
2851:
2848:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2806:The Oregonian
2802:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2645:
2641:
2638:Moody, Glen.
2634:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2439:Vance, Ashlee
2434:
2431:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2385:Heath, Nick.
2381:
2378:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2058:The Oregonian
2054:
2047:
2044:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:comp.os.minix
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1871:
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1861:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1839:
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1824:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1795:
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1786:
1783:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1683:cite AV media
1668:
1667:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1637:0-7382-0670-9
1633:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1550:on 4 May 2014
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1492:
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1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1436:951-762-990-7
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:951-31-2003-1
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1409:951-0-25417-7
1405:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1386:0-06-662072-4
1382:
1378:
1377:HarperCollins
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1350:9781615300037
1347:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1264:9793 Torvalds
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1180:Takeda Award
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:comic strip.
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1149:Linus (Moon)
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:Vollum Award
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:C&C Prize
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:, along with
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
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1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
987:
982:
976:
971:
964:
962:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
933:
926:
922:
918:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
890:
881:
875:Personal life
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
854:
853:
852:
850:
848:
842:
834:
833:
832:
827:
825:
823:
819:
814:
807:
805:
803:
799:
796:
792:
788:
782:
774:
772:
770:
769:
764:
761:based on the
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
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696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
670:
669:stock options
666:
662:
657:
655:
652:
651:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
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583:
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541:
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532:
527:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
502:
497:
495:
494:0-13-201799-7
491:
487:
486:Prentice-Hall
483:
482:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
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434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
378:
377:Linus Pauling
374:
370:
366:
365:Toivo Karanko
362:
358:
357:Leo Törnqvist
354:
353:Nils Torvalds
350:
346:
338:
333:
331:
329:
326:and the 2018
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
276:
270:
262:
261:
248:
195:
187:(grandfather)
186:
182:(grandfather)
181:
180:Leo Törnqvist
176:
172:
166:
165:Nils Torvalds
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:Tove Torvalds
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
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98:
91:
88:
87:
85:
81:
76:
70:(age 54)
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
8494:Linux people
8336:Simon S. Lam
8321:Steve Cisler
8263:Pål Spilling
8258:Philip Smith
8238:DaeYoung Kim
8233:Dan Kaminsky
8228:Yngvar Lundh
8181:Rob Blokzijl
8131:José Soriano
8116:Larry Irving
8111:Elise Gerich
7970:Aaron Swartz
7950:Stephen Kent
7913:
7889:Van Jacobson
7810:Shigeki Goto
7708:Barry Leiner
7632:Geoff Huston
7627:Nancy Hafkin
7517:Glenn Ricart
7507:Kees Neggers
7497:Bob Metcalfe
7482:Howard Frank
7477:David Farber
7451:Louis Pouzin
7441:John Klensin
7312:
7282:Pamela Jones
7246:Bruce Perens
7165:Harald Hoyer
7150:Mark Galassi
7023:Chris Wright
7018:Harald Welte
6997:
6953:Benson Leung
6846:
6827:
6813:
6766:
6758:
6736:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6689:Linux Format
6687:
6675:
6668:
6643:Range of use
6460:
6423:Linux kernel
6314:Splashtop OS
6088:Linpus Linux
6023:Sunwah Linux
5960:Ubuntu GNOME
5869:Discontinued
5868:
5578:Oracle Linux
5364:Ubuntu Touch
5286:Ubuntu Unity
5271:Ubuntu Kylin
5218:SystemRescue
5207:Parabola GNU
5003:
4984:
4970:
4700:Linux kernel
4618:Tomoyo Linux
4213:File systems
3868:
3820:SCO disputes
3781:Organization
3774:Linux kernel
3722:
3681:
3635:
3605:
3581:. Retrieved
3575:
3560:
3544:. Retrieved
3529:
3518:, retrieved
3508:
3501:
3489:. Retrieved
3485:the original
3478:
3469:
3457:. Retrieved
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3431:the original
3426:
3417:
3408:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3379:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3350:the original
3345:
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3315:
3303:
3291:. Retrieved
3287:the original
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3261:the original
3247:
3235:. Retrieved
3231:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3199:
3187:. Retrieved
3183:the original
3176:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3125:the original
3116:
3106:
3098:the original
3093:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:the original
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3042:the original
3028:
3016:. Retrieved
3012:the original
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2982:
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2958:Divelog.blue
2957:
2948:
2939:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2909:
2899:
2887:. Retrieved
2881:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:Linux kernel
2832:
2822:
2812:16 September
2810:. Retrieved
2804:
2782:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2726:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2659:
2647:. Retrieved
2643:
2633:
2614:
2595:
2585:
2566:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2492:The Register
2491:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2466:The Register
2465:
2455:
2446:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2390:
2380:
2368:. Retrieved
2354:
2343:, retrieved
2334:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:the original
2303:
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:the original
2267:
2262:, 9:50–10:00
2249:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:the original
2222:
2214:the original
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2186:
2162:. Retrieved
2158:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2127:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:the original
2091:
2082:
2074:
2067:. Retrieved
2056:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:the original
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1973:
1965:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:the original
1895:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:the original
1860:
1848:
1831:
1826:
1812:
1792:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1759:
1750:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1697:
1671:. Retrieved
1665:
1658:
1646:
1621:
1597:
1586:the original
1579:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1517:
1508:
1491:
1473:
1413:
1397:
1371:
1363:Bibliography
1354:
1341:
1334:
1324:
1319:Business 2.0
1317:
1313:BusinessWeek
1311:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1278:
1276:
1249:
1245:
1193:Ken Sakamura
1185:Takeda Award
1139:Reed College
1135:Vollum Award
959:scuba diving
956:
949:
934:
902:
898:magic values
893:
886:
858:
851:
844:
831:
817:
815:
811:
801:
786:
784:
766:
758:
754:
752:
729:
722:
706:Fedora Linux
703:
684:
677:
658:
648:
634:
607:
603:Linux kernel
588:
585:
555:Finnish Navy
552:
544:IBM PC clone
537:
529:
504:
498:
479:
455:
441:
436:
430:
411:machine code
396:
380:
361:Ole Torvalds
359:and of poet
342:
294:
282:Linux kernel
193:
192:
185:Ole Torvalds
29:
8414:1969 births
8290:Lixia Zhang
8271: [
8213:Kim Hubbard
8189: [
8156: [
8139: [
8042:Alan Emtage
8011:Hualin Qian
8006:John Cioffi
7991:Eric Allman
7975:Jimmy Wales
7835:Wu Jianping
7815:Mike Jensen
7764:Mahabir Pun
7749:Steve Huter
7744:Erik Huizer
7668:Karen Banks
7652:Tan Tin Wee
7617:Kilnam Chon
7558:Frank Heart
7532:Werner Zorn
7512:Nii Quaynor
7472:David Clark
7426:Robert Kahn
7401:Danny Cohen
7267:Pia Andrews
7190:Dave Taylor
7185:Kay Sievers
7104:Jane Silber
7094:Ian Murdock
6983:Hans Reiser
6968:Ingo Molnár
6958:Robert Love
6943:Con Kolivas
6738:Linux Voice
6724:Ubuntu User
6677:Full Circle
6664:DistroWatch
6537:Lightweight
6451:Kernel oops
6441:Linux-libre
6436:Linus's law
6220:CyanogenMod
6181:VectorLinux
5983:DoudouLinux
5973:Corel Linux
5839:Source Mage
5608:Sailfish OS
5603:Rocky Linux
5593:Red Star OS
5553:Asahi Linux
5495:SparkyLinux
5304:Bodhi Linux
5276:Ubuntu MATE
5177:EndeavourOS
5069:Android-x86
4705:Linux-libre
4598:Exec Shield
4477:Framebuffer
4180:Video4Linux
4037:System Call
3865:Developers
3805:Linus's law
3657:Linus' blog
3491:15 February
3326:22 November
3121:Heinz Heise
2920:28 February
2763:17 December
2244:. linux.org
1726:, pp. 41–46
1449:Linus's law
1316:. In 2006,
905:a-religious
861:scuba dives
738:programmer
687:open source
673:went public
591:GNU Project
540:Intel 80386
419:Sinclair QL
339:Early years
309:open source
83:Nationality
8403:Categories
8016:Paul Vixie
7857:Innovators
7729:Dai Davies
7688:Teus Hagen
7673:Gihan Dias
7612:Randy Bush
7446:Jon Postel
7391:Paul Baran
7302:Luis Villa
7297:Dave Sifry
7272:Jono Bacon
7195:Jeff Waugh
7155:Jim Gettys
7079:Marc Ewing
7074:Gaël Duval
6993:Sage Sharp
6913:Jens Axboe
6363:Comparison
6235:Firefox OS
6123:Vine Linux
6118:Turbolinux
6051:xB Machine
6003:HandyLinux
5988:Dreamlinux
5754:GeckoLinux
5681:ROSA Linux
5631:ChromiumOS
5440:FreedomBox
5435:Endless OS
5339:LXLE Linux
5334:Linux Mint
5329:Linux Lite
5314:Emmabuntüs
5244:Official:
5182:Frugalware
5104:GrapheneOS
4792:Hypervisor
4754:PREEMPT_RT
4659:KernelCare
4647:Raw device
4577:SCHED_FIFO
4487:KMS driver
4404:Components
4259:securityfs
4145:Crypto API
4087:Linux-only
3973:System.map
3876:kernel.org
3835:menuconfig
3830:GNU GPL v2
3520:22 October
3189:22 October
3157:22 October
3131:22 October
2542:8 November
2519:8 November
2497:8 November
2471:8 November
2417:"About Us"
2345:8 November
2314:3 February
2193:22 October
1984:27 October
1896:Linux News
1742:MikroBitti
1709:8 November
1465:References
1246:alma mater
925:LinuxWorld
855:Subsurface
839:See also:
791:Ari Lemmke
746:developer
740:Sage Sharp
476:0895883813
382:Rebel Code
111:Occupation
64:1969-12-28
8381:Biography
8208:Saul Hahn
8121:Dan Lynch
7996:Eric Bina
7805:Ira Fuchs
7779:Ben Segal
7698:Qiheng Hu
7502:Jun Murai
7396:Vint Cerf
7204:Advocates
7119:Bob Young
7013:Sage Weil
6923:Rémy Card
6717:LinuxUser
6683:Linux.com
6575:LinuxChix
6289:Mobilinux
6225:DemoLinux
6138:Slackware
5998:gNewSense
5968:BackTrack
5950:Pinguy OS
5925:Cub Linux
5809:GoboLinux
5691:Slackware
5676:PCLinuxOS
5661:ALT Linux
5548:AlmaLinux
5507:(1.0–2.0)
5470:Parrot OS
5324:Freespire
5172:BlackArch
5134:Replicant
5109:LineageOS
4931:LYME-LYCE
4654:initramfs
4623:Linux PAM
4492:Netfilter
4362:libcgroup
4328:libhybris
4300:libraries
4248:hugetlbfs
4199:Userspace
4132:In-kernel
4117:readahead
4039:Interface
3988:initramfs
3945:SystemTap
3918:Debugging
3911:Technical
3850:Criticism
3409:InfoWorld
3392:3 October
3237:30 August
2861:16 August
2606:0028-792X
2447:Bloomberg
2370:2 January
2335:Digitizor
2104:14 August
1951:Newsgroup
1796:. SYBEX.
1673:8 October
1653:, pp. 6–7
1307:InfoWorld
1298:magazine.
1210:from the
714:GNOME 3.0
695:BitKeeper
659:In 1999,
630:Beaverton
610:Transmeta
452:textbooks
316:computers
174:Relatives
161:Parent(s)
77:, Finland
7693:Ida Holz
7374:Pioneers
7231:Jon Hall
7221:Ken Coar
6928:Alan Cox
6848:Category
6767:The Code
6754:Phoronix
6744:LugRadio
6628:Embedded
6618:Adopters
6610:Adoption
6373:Category
6304:Remix OS
6299:OpenELEC
6247:Floppyfw
6171:Platypux
6008:Libranet
5945:LinuxTLE
5913:Ubuntu:
5891:Antergos
5886:ArchLabs
5737:openSUSE
5709:Salix OS
5653:Mandriva
5636:ChromeOS
5583:Qubes OS
5465:MX Linux
5379:Zorin OS
5359:Trisquel
5319:KDE neon
5246:Edubuntu
5162:ArchBang
5089:DivestOS
5005:Category
4947:Adopters
4922:Server:
4903:Embedded
4879:Adoption
4772:PSXLinux
4695:Mainline
4688:Variants
4640:graphics
4593:AppArmor
4582:SCHED_RR
4502:nftables
4446:dm-crypt
4441:dm-cache
4387:liburing
4377:libevdev
4335:dietlibc
4224:configfs
4150:io uring
3583:9 August
3546:9 August
3514:archived
3459:13 March
3437:13 March
3308:Torvalds
3293:13 March
3267:13 March
3211:13 March
3074:24 April
3048:24 April
2914:Archived
2738:13 March
2697:4 August
2671:22 April
2401:22 April
2395:Archived
2364:Archived
2339:archived
2304:TuxRadar
2284:3 August
2138:13 March
2063:Archived
2036:13 March
2010:14 April
1933:Torvalds
1921:Torvalds
1906:13 March
1876:24 April
1853:Torvalds
1775:13 March
1724:Torvalds
1651:Torvalds
1602:Torvalds
1528:24 April
1483:Archived
1443:See also
1281:magazine
1162:Calliope
941:Portland
665:VA Linux
524:running
522:MicroVAX
503:'s book
437:Cool Man
345:Helsinki
167:(father)
153:Children
121:Employer
92:American
75:Helsinki
8367:Portals
8223:Xing Li
8047:Ed Krol
7622:Al Gore
6796:Red Hat
6749:LWN.net
6623:Desktop
6431:History
6257:Immunix
6166:NimbleX
6161:Kongoni
6146:BioSLAX
6083:ClearOS
6061:Red Hat
5930:Gobuntu
5915:Asturix
5814:Guix SD
5772:4MLinux
5719:Zenwalk
5704:Porteus
5563:EulerOS
5505:SteamOS
5500:SolydXK
5460:Knoppix
5455:Kanotix
5374:Wubuntu
5354:Pop! OS
5344:Nova OS
5299:BackBox
5291:Xubuntu
5256:Lubuntu
5251:Kubuntu
5212:SteamOS
5202:Manjaro
5144:OmniROM
5099:Fire OS
5084:ColorOS
5079:Celadon
5074:CalyxOS
5056:Android
4938:Devices
4898:Desktop
4859:coLinux
4854:MkLinux
4839:L4Linux
4767:μClinux
4749:Xenomai
4739:RTLinux
4679:Ksplice
4608:SELinux
4603:seccomp
4553:(EEVDF)
4497:Netlink
4426:Console
4421:cgroups
4372:libalsa
4298:Wrapper
4276:systemd
4239:debugfs
4208:Daemons
4170:New API
4112:inotify
4107:dnotify
4011:x32 ABI
3968:vmlinux
3960:Startup
3859:Support
3726:winner
3661:Blogger
3310:, p. 28
2988:27 June
2889:2 April
2649:22 July
2625:LWN.net
2577:LWN.net
2423:19 June
2260:YouTube
2164:14 June
2005:LWN.net
1959:Usenet:
1953::
1935:, p. 29
1923:, p. 60
1866:"Staff"
1855:, p. 53
1842:YouTube
1502:YouTube
1170:Peanuts
1099:by the
909:atheist
744:systemd
710:PowerPC
661:Red Hat
542:-based
488:, 1986
470:, 1987
435:clone,
432:Pac-Man
427:Pac-Man
409:CPU in
392:Peanuts
349:Finland
303:by the
288:system
260:-vawldz
89:Finnish
7260:Others
6900:Kernel
6801:Ubuntu
6638:Mobile
6633:Gaming
6319:Turkix
6240:B2G OS
6156:KateOS
6093:Korora
6078:CentOS
6065:Fedora
6033:Gentoo
6018:Parsix
5955:Sabily
5906:Debian
5896:Chakra
5849:T2 SDE
5777:Alpine
5666:Mageia
5643:Pentoo
5618:Gentoo
5573:Nobara
5540:Fedora
5526:Whonix
5475:PureOS
5445:Kaisen
5425:Devuan
5420:deepin
5237:Ubuntu
5228:Debian
5197:LinHES
5187:Garuda
5119:One UI
4908:Gaming
4890:of use
4844:ELinOS
4835:Other
4829:OpenVZ
4819:Lguest
4763:-less
4674:kpatch
4669:kGraft
4635:802.11
4431:bcache
4382:libusb
4367:libdrm
4355:Newlib
4340:EGLIBC
4323:Bionic
4318:uClibc
4288:Kmscon
4262:sockfs
4255:procfs
4251:pipefs
4234:devpts
4160:kernfs
4102:splice
4057:select
4029:Kernel
3983:initrd
3978:dracut
3930:ftrace
3892:Users
3825:Linaro
3788:Kernel
3612:
2963:1 July
2840:30 May
2783:Github
2604:
2238:19 May
2069:8 July
1961:
1800:
1634:
1434:
1423:
1406:
1383:
1348:
995:Notes
945:Oregon
894:reboot
889:karate
798:server
637:86open
526:ULTRIX
492:
478:, and
474:
423:editor
399:VIC-20
320:kernel
145:Spouse
106:(M.S.)
8393:Linux
8275:]
8193:]
8160:]
8143:]
6657:Media
6462:more…
6415:Linux
6294:Nitix
6277:MeeGo
6262:Jurix
6208:Other
5844:Solus
5834:Puppy
5829:NixOS
5819:KaiOS
5802:Kwort
5782:CHAOS
5765:Other
5516:Tizen
5511:Tails
5430:Elive
5400:Astra
5395:antiX
5388:Other
5167:Artix
4888:Range
4727:SLURM
4664:kexec
4613:Smack
4547:(CFS)
4527:zswap
4468:(KSM)
4461:evdev
4416:BlueZ
4345:klibc
4313:glibc
4271:tmpfs
4266:sysfs
4229:devfs
4220:bpffs
4097:epoll
4092:futex
4072:close
4052:ioctl
4047:POSIX
3935:kdump
3729:2012
3686:(#1).
3577:Wired
3541:ZDNet
3480:The H
3356:7 May
3117:The H
3018:5 May
2644:Wired
2391:ZDNet
2159:Wired
1737:GMOVE
1589:(PDF)
1576:(PDF)
1554:5 May
1291:poll.
1256:1996
1234:1997
1219:1998
1200:2000
1177:2001
1158:Linus
1154:Linus
1146:2003
1137:from
1127:2005
1108:2008
1089:2010
1070:2012
1051:2012
1035:2014
1016:2018
1000:2019
992:Award
818:Linux
802:linux
787:Freax
736:Intel
654:TR100
641:Linux
576:Linux
548:MINIX
531:Linux
511:MINIX
468:SYBEX
403:BASIC
388:Linus
256:-nəs
135:Linux
8299:2023
8169:2021
8089:2019
8025:2017
7984:2014
7928:2013
7867:2012
7793:2017
7722:2014
7661:2013
7605:2012
7541:2014
7465:2013
7384:2012
6341:List
6191:SUSE
5878:Arch
5859:Void
5824:KaOS
5797:CRUX
5729:SUSE
5714:Slax
5490:Slax
5485:Q4OS
5450:Kali
5369:Uruk
5154:Arch
5114:MIUI
5094:EMUI
4926:LAMP
4916:LTSP
4744:RTAI
4522:zram
4517:SLUB
4512:perf
4456:EDAC
4350:musl
4281:udev
4244:FUSE
4140:ALSA
4077:sync
4067:read
4062:open
4021:APIs
3998:ABIs
3925:CRIU
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