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his name is on the foundation of the temple remains. Since there is more left of
Senusret I's temple, it was easier to reconstruct the original architectural plan for it. We know it was similar to those found in Dynasty VI with a courtyard, portico, and offering hall with store rooms on either side. Years later, the tombs of wives, children, and close officials began to be plotted around the temples of these kings. It turned into a honeycomb of graves for their families and servants that multiplied with each generation. After the fall of the dynasty, the necropolis was no longer thought to be in need of guarding so grave robbers and looters descended.
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263:, and well situated to control the 'Two Lands' of Upper and Lower Egypt. Another motive suggested is land reclamation and desire to increase the agricultural output for the region. The ruins of Itj-Tawy have never been conclusively identified, and the only locational evidence discovered consists of pieces of pottery in the area it is believed to be in. However, Twelfth Dynasty rulers built pyramids at el-Lisht which are known to researchers.
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270:. These pyramids would have been visible to those traveling to Itj-Tawy from the south. The more famous of the two monumental complexes, that of Amenemhat I, featured an offering hall with a granite altar, carved with depictions of representatives of the nomes (provinces) bringing offerings to the pharaoh. However, the pyramid itself is in a ruined state, rising approximately 20 m (66 ft) above ground level.
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team found relief blocks, fragments, and small shrines on the site that were consistent with Middle
Kingdom art. Then in 1894, the site was excavated by archeologists J.E. Gautier and G. Jequier who worked there until 1895. From 1906 until 1943 a team from the Metropolitan Museum of Art excavated it. Later, from 1984 to 1987, further excavation was carried out by
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290:. When Mariette died Maspero took on the archeological mission. His interest in ancient Egypt originally took him there to excavate for the French government but later he went on to found the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology. This group further excavated the site from 1884 until 1885. From 1906 to 1934 the Egyptian Expedition of the
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pyramid stronger. The architects built outward from a core of coarse limestone blocks filled in with mudbrick and debris, then revetted the central structure with heavy blocks and surrounded it with a smooth casing of white limestone from Tureh. This technique continued to be used for much of the Middle
Kingdom.
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While some of the inner framework of
Senusret's pyramid has been preserved, the pyramid itself is almost all rubble. The burial chamber is flooded by Nile seepage water, and many of the pyramid's treasures were stolen in antiquity. According to the excavations, the tomb was robbed shortly after being
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on the southern side of el-Lisht, around a mile south of his father's funerary complex. This pyramid, named 'Senusret Looks Down on Both Lands' was also discovered by Gaston
Maspero in 1882. He was able to identify the owner from objects in the pyramid marked with the pharaoh's name. The excavation
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Subsequent excavations uncovered plans for a pyramid much larger than the building constructed. One theory is that the terrain of the site was unsuitable for the structure due to poor sloping topography. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the pharaoh's health could have been declining and he
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Both
Amenemhet I and Senusret I had funerary temples, but archeologists know more about Senusret because his father's is almost completely destroyed. The only remains of Amenemhet I funerary temple are carvings of Nile god and Nome deities. It is thought that Senusret had Amenemhet rebuilt because
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did not think he would live to see it finished in time, yet did not want to be buried in an unfinished tomb. A third theory holds that
Amenemhat I had already died after designing the tomb, and his son and successor rushed through his father's memorial so that he could start construction on his own.
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The pyramid of
Senusret I was much larger than that of Amenemhet I. Its base was 105 meters wide, with a height that once reached 61.25 meters tall. Although he followed a similar plan to that of his father, architects used a new technique. In theory, this new technique was supposed to make the
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sealed. Besides the central tomb passage, another tunnel has been found, its use being to transport funerary materials to the chambers. Maspero concluded that the transporting tunnel was used by thieves to rob the pyramid because this is where funerary goods from the king’s chambers were found.
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was about 55 meters tall when originally built but because of poor construction, quarrying, and tomb robberies, it now stands at approximately 20m in height. Apart from poor construction, the material used to build the pyramid was not durable. Studies show it was made from unfired mudbrick and
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The pyramid's true entrance is found on its north side. From here, a hallway lined with pink granite leads to a small room at the core of the pyramid, from where a shaft connects to the burial chamber. The chamber has been filled with Nile seepage water over the years, making new discoveries
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The ancient
Egyptian site of el-Lisht can be found on the west bank of the Nile River, around 65 km south of the city of Cairo. It is a Twelfth Dynasty necropolis, close to the city of Itj-Tawy from which the modern village assumably (given the proposed older form Al-Isht) takes name.
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El-Lisht is notable for its commissioners' 'cannibalization' of earlier monuments, which is thought to symbolize the restoration of Egypt to its Old
Kingdom glory. The change in relief carving styles in the Twelfth Dynasty is also apparent in the two pyramids at this site.
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stones from other monuments. The mudbrick, sand, and debris would have been the material of choice since each was readily available, and mudbrick proved cheap since the city was so close to the Fayyum. Specifically, stones from the monuments of
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in Cairo. The causeway was also flanked by mudbrick buildings for the use of the priests who would perform rituals for the deceased monarch. The north side of the pyramid was fronted by a small chapel with an alabaster
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The unroofed causeway leading to the pyramid was punctuated with alcoves in which stood large limestone statues of Senusret I- some of these are now on show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and at the
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difficult. Attempts have been made to keep water out but pumping has not worked. No full statues of Amenemhat I were unearthed during archaeological expeditions. However, a
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665:"Middle Kingdom Tomb Architecture at Lisht: The Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition | MetPublications | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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El-Lisht was first excavated in 1882 by the French Egyptologist
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Tomb of a certain Senusret, shaft of Hapy, found untouched
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The Eleventh Dynasty’s capital was located at the city of
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Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypte
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Egyptian Monuments: Pyramid of Senwosret I at el-Lisht
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Egyptian Monuments: Pyramid of Amenemhet I at el-Lisht
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566:Willoughby, Jennifer (2012). "El-Lisht".
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768:(1921). "Excavations at Lisht".
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533:List of ancient Egyptian sites
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247:. The first king of the
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603:. Göttingen. p. 57.
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63:Coordinates:
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1584:Solar barque
1534:Imiut fetish
1529:Hypocephalus
1514:Hemhem crown
1489:Eye of Horus
1368:Barbary lion
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1604:Was-sceptre
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1042:Arensnuphis
993:Elephantine
501:Tomb of Ipi
468:French tomb
306:The ruined
278:Excavations
253:Amenemhet I
201:Amenemhat I
117:Governorate
85: /
1673:Categories
1312:Qasr Ibrim
953:Pilgrimage
898:Philosophy
737:References
727:Hayes 1953
715:Hayes 1953
703:Hayes 1953
688:Hayes 1953
674:2018-02-26
631:Hayes 1953
477:Mentuhotep
433:false door
268:Senusret I
225:Sesenebnef
217:Thirteenth
205:Senusret I
73:31°13′52″E
70:29°34′13″N
1614:Languages
1579:Shen ring
1494:Eye of Ra
1449:Cartouche
1408:Serpopard
1244:Locations
1137:Sabomakal
926:Practices
893:Mythology
878:Eye of Ra
858:Afterlife
609:cite book
376:Senebtisi
360:Intefiqer
341:limestone
221:Senebtisi
199:built by
178:romanized
129:Time zone
1659:Category
1539:Khepresh
1189:Blemmyes
1166:Cultures
1097:Makedeke
1034:Apedemak
958:Pyramids
943:Funerals
747:(1953).
646:(2010).
527:See also
510:Tomb of
475:Tomb of
455:Tomb of
383:Tomb 956
380:Tomb 954
372:Senusret
310:at Lisht
257:Itj-tawy
235:Overview
197:pyramids
165:el-Lisht
1594:Ushabti
1564:Pschent
1469:Deshret
1418:Taweret
1257:Ballana
1234:X-Group
1229:Nobatia
1209:Makuria
1194:C-Group
1184:B-Group
1174:A-Group
1038:Aqedise
1024:Amesemi
1020:Amanete
978:Deities
963:Temples
933:Burials
850:Beliefs
786:3254484
440:Pepi II
411:pyramid
213:Twelfth
209:mastaba
184:Al-Lišt
180::
98:Country
1574:Serekh
1569:Scarab
1509:Hedjet
1423:Uraeus
1413:Sphinx
1388:Medjed
1378:Falcon
1373:Cattle
1347:Tombos
1317:Qustul
1277:Dotawo
1224:Napata
1179:Alodia
1109:Menhit
1059:Breith
1046:Ariten
986:Triads
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388:Abetni
325:Khafre
261:Fayyum
245:Thebes
169:Arabic
107:
1679:Lisht
1559:Nemes
1549:Menat
1544:Kneph
1519:Hennu
1504:Hafir
1322:Semna
1297:Lisht
1262:Bigeh
1252:Aniba
1219:Meroë
1214:Medja
1199:Kerma
1118:Miket
1114:Merul
1104:Mehit
1083:Hemen
1068:Dedun
1029:Anaka
782:JSTOR
550:Notes
436:stela
321:Khufu
189:Cairo
173:اللشت
161:Lisht
134:UTC+2
110:Egypt
48:Lisht
23:Lisht
1589:Tyet
1554:Nebu
1499:Gold
1474:Djed
1444:Atef
1439:Ankh
1363:Abtu
1292:Kawa
1152:Wusa
1100:Mash
1078:Heka
1016:Aman
998:Naqa
908:Soul
888:Maat
615:link
580:ISBN
490:Khor
483:Khor
402:The
329:Unas
314:The
215:and
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1403:Ram
1055:Bes
774:doi
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163:or
148:DST
138:EST
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
