750:'s frame macros have their own command syntax but can also contain text in any language. Each frame is both a generic component in a hierarchy of nested subassemblies, and a procedure for integrating itself with its subassembly frames (a recursive process that resolves integration conflicts in favor of higher level subassemblies). The outputs are custom documents, typically compilable source modules. Frame technology can avoid the proliferation of similar but subtly different components, an issue that has plagued software development since the invention of macros and
1185:. Two of the earliest programming installations to develop "macro languages" for the IBM 705 computer were at Dow Chemical Corp. in Delaware and the Air Material Command, Ballistics Missile Logistics Office in California. A macro instruction written in the format of the target assembly language would be processed by a macro compiler, which was a pre-processor to the assembler, to generate one or more assembly language instructions to be processed next by the assembler program that would translate the assembly language instructions into
38:
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841:, function-like operators whose inputs were not the values computed by the arguments but rather the syntactic forms of the arguments, and whose output were values to be used in the computation. In other words, FEXPRs were implemented at the same level as EVAL, and provided a window into the meta-evaluation layer. This was generally found to be a difficult model to reason about effectively.
1231:. The macro library would need to be written for each target machine but not the overall assembly language program. Note that more powerful macro assemblers allowed use of conditional assembly constructs in macro instructions that could generate different code on different machines or different operating systems, reducing the need for multiple libraries.
781:). In particular, uniform syntax makes it easier to determine the invocations of macros. Lisp macros transform the program structure itself, with the full language available to express such transformations. While syntactic macros are often found in Lisp-like languages, they are also available in other languages such as
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In modern operating systems such as Unix and its derivatives, operating system access is provided through subroutines, usually provided by dynamic libraries. High-level languages such as C offer comprehensive access to operating system functions, obviating the need for assembler language programs for
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fashion, to produce a compiled and much more efficient version of itself. The advantage of this approach is that complex applications can be ported from one computer to a very different computer with very little effort (for each target machine architecture, just the writing of the rudimentary macro
862:
An anaphoric macro is a type of programming macro that deliberately captures some form supplied to the macro which may be referred to by an anaphor (an expression referring to another). Anaphoric macros first appeared in Paul Graham's On Lisp and their name is a reference to linguistic anaphora—the
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was initiated for two main purposes: to reduce the amount of program coding that had to be written by generating several assembly language statements from one macro instruction and to enforce program writing standards, e.g. specifying input/output commands in standard ways. Macro instructions were
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In older operating systems such as those used on IBM mainframes, full operating system functionality was only available to assembler language programs, not to high level language programs (unless assembly language subroutines were used, of course), as the standard macro instructions did not always
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In the 1980s and early 1990s, desktop PCs were only running at a few MHz and assembly language routines were commonly used to speed up programs written in C, Fortran, Pascal and others. These languages, at the time, used different calling conventions. Macros could be used to interface routines
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macros. Applications (notably compilers) written in these machine-independent macros can then be run without change on any computer equipped with the rudimentary macro compiler. The first application run in such a context is a more sophisticated and powerful macro compiler, written in the
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are useful for large-scale programming, but the interaction of macros and these other constructs must be defined for their use together. Module and component-systems that can interact with macros have been proposed for Scheme and other languages with macros. For example, the
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mode of operation and applied to all keyboard input, no matter in which context it occurred. They have to some extent fallen into obsolescence following the advent of mouse-driven user interfaces and the availability of keyboard and mouse macros in applications, such as
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Macros are normally used to map a short string (macro invocation) to a longer sequence of instructions. Another, less common, use of macros is to do the reverse: to map a sequence of instructions to a macro string. This was the approach taken by the
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from Office 97 through Office 2019 (although it was available in some components of Office prior to Office 97). However, its function has evolved from and replaced the macro languages that were originally included in some of these applications.
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allow short sequences of keystrokes and mouse actions to transform into other, usually more time-consuming, sequences of keystrokes and mouse actions. In this way, frequently used or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements can be
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language extends the notion of a macro system to a syntactic tower, where macros can be written in languages including macros, using hygiene to ensure that syntactic layers are distinct and allowing modules to export macros to other modules.
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Macro
Assemblers allowed assembly language programmers to implement their own macro-language and allowed limited portability of code between two machines running the same CPU but different operating systems, for example, early versions of
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can be defined by a programmer for any set of native assembler program instructions, typically macros are associated with macro libraries delivered with the operating system allowing access to operating system functions such as
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written in assembly language to the front end of applications written in almost any language. Again, the basic assembly language code remained the same, only the macro libraries needed to be written for each target language.
201:(MMORPGs) to perform repetitive, but lucrative tasks, thus accumulating resources. As this is done without human effort, it can skew the economy of the game. For this reason, use of macros is a violation of the
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885:), a pattern-based system where the syntactic environments of the macro definition and the macro use are distinct, allowing macro definers and users not to worry about inadvertent variable capture (cf.
928:", so that the syntactic expansion time of one macro system is the ordinary runtime of another block of code, and showed how to apply interleaved expansion and parsing in a non-parenthesized language.
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Macro systems—such as the C preprocessor described earlier—that work at the level of lexical tokens cannot preserve the lexical structure reliably. Syntactic macro systems work instead at the level of
1113:—or a combination of code and constants, with the details of the expansion depending on the parameters of the macro instruction (such as a reference to a file and a data area for a READ instruction);
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as the macro language gives power much greater than that of text substitution macros, at the expense of a larger and slower compiler. Macros in PL/I, as well as in many assemblers, may have
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operating system functions such as ATTACH, WAIT and POST for subtask creation and synchronization. Typically such macros expand into executable code, e.g., for the EXIT macroinstruction,
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232:(short for "editing macros") follows this idea to a conclusion. In effect, most of the editor is made of macros. Emacs was originally devised as a set of macros in the editing language
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and hygienic macros, which enables a programmer to design their own control abstractions, such as looping and early exit constructs, without the need to build them into the language.
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One of the important uses of programmer macros is to save time and clerical-type errors in writing sequence of instructions which are often repeated in the course of a program.
1070:, for which compilers are available on virtually all computers, has rendered such an approach superfluous. This was, however, one of the first instances (if not the first) of
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646:, can be embedded in free-format text, or the source code of other languages. The mechanism by which the code fragments are recognised (for instance, being bracketed by
434:, on the other hand, are much more powerful, able to make decisions about what code to produce based on their arguments; thus, they can effectively be used to perform
251:), also has an implementation of keyboard macros. It can record into a register (macro) what a person types on the keyboard and it can be replayed or edited just like
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conjectures that these three categories make up the primary legitimate uses of macros in such a system. Others have proposed alternative uses of macros, such as
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484:(HLASM) can't be implemented with a preprocessor; the code for assembling instructions and data is interspersed with the code for assembling macro invocations.
221:. They are created by carrying out the sequence once and letting the application record the actions. An underlying macro programming language, most commonly a
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where they use simple textual substitution, they have a number of severe disadvantages over other mechanisms for performing in-line expansion, such as
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statements" at compilation time, and the output of this execution forms part of the code that is compiled. The ability to use a familiar
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Most assembly languages have less powerful procedural macro facilities, for example allowing a block of code to be repeated N times for
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Next, macros make it possible to define data languages that are immediately compiled into code, which means that constructs such as
777:-like languages. These languages are especially suited for this style of macro due to their uniform, parenthesized syntax (known as
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333:. In the mid-to-late 1990s, this became one of the most common types of computer virus. However, during the late 1990s and to date,
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A number of languages other than Scheme either implement hygienic macros or implement partially hygienic systems. Examples include
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can be expanded from a "small" sequence of characters. Macros often allow positional or keyword parameters that dictate what the
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has been patching and updating its programs. In addition, current anti-virus programs immediately counteract such attacks.
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assembler, creating what is known as Macro SAP. McIlroy's 1960 paper was seminal in the area of extending any (including
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or other factors. The term derives from "macro instruction", and such expansions were originally used in generating
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Macros can also be used to introduce new binding constructs. The most well-known example is the transformation of
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is a macro that is able to insert given objects into its expansion. This gives the macro some of the power of a
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Keyboard and mouse macros that are created using an application's built-in macro features are sometimes called
2068:"Computing Science Technical Report No. 99 – A History of Computing Research at Bell Laboratories (1937–1975)"
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Kohlbecker, Eugene; Friedman, Daniel; Felleisen, Matthias; Duba, Bruce (1986). "Hygienic Macro
Expansion".
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The interaction of macros and other language features has been a productive area of research. For example,
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991:, it is possible to define the latter in terms of the former using macros. For example, Scheme has both
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654:) is similar to a textual macro language, but they are much more powerful, fully featured languages.
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Macros are used to make a sequence of computing instructions available to the programmer as a single
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983:) indistinguishable from those built into the language. For instance, in a Lisp dialect that has
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Some major applications have been written as text macro invoked by other applications, e.g., by
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is a contextual pattern-matching macro processor, which could be described as a combination of
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has typed syntax macros, and one productive way to think of these syntax macros is as a
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304:(oorexx). Many common applications, and some on PCs, use Rexx as a scripting language.
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Macro systems have a range of uses. Being able to choose the order of evaluation (see
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of most MMORPGs, and their administrators spend considerable effort to suppress them.
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wherever it occurs. An example of a parameterized macro, on the other hand, is this:
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1973:
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machine-independent macro language. This macro compiler is applied to itself, in a
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in macro systems that are unhygienic or allow selective unhygienic transformation.
992:
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469:
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LFP '86: Proceedings of the 1986 ACM conference on LISP and functional programming
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standards. A number of competing implementations of hygienic macros exist such as
761:; but these have a completely different syntax from the actual assembly language.
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and executes when documents are opened. This makes it relatively easy to write
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pred(2) → ((2) -1) pred(y+2) → ((y+2) -1) pred(f(5)) → ((f(5))-1)
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300:(THE), a partial clone of XEDIT, supports Rexx macros using Regina and Open
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181:, then for a variety of user-input tasks. These programs were based on the
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and its derivatives, where most of the functionality is based on macros.
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1952:
Waite, William M. (July 1970). "The mobile programming system: STAGE2".
1866:"Honu: Syntactic Extension for Algebraic Notation through Enforestation"
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effectively a middle step between assembly language programming and the
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language are written in a subset of PL/I itself: the compiler executes "
407:
Parameterized macros are a useful source-level mechanism for performing
225:, with direct access to the features of the application may also exist.
2124:"The History of Macro Processors in Programming Language Extensibility"
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macros for
Microsoft Office. Vim also has a scripting language called
194:, making it possible to create application-sensitive keyboard macros.
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1224:
1136:
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296:, and some CMS commands were actually wrappers around XEDIT macros.
1315: – Technique for teaching a computer or a robot new behaviors
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to a replacement output. Applying a macro to an input is known as
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have counterparts in routines available to high-level languages.
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In the mid-eighties, a number of papers introduced the notion of
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Hart, Timothy P. (October 1963). "MACRO Definitions for LISP".
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compiler). The advent of modern programming languages, notably
1005:
can be implemented in a way that is both natural and efficient.
2102:
HOPL: Online
Historical Encyclopaedia of Programming Languages
2009:
661:
643:
558:
488:
487:
A classic use of macros is in the computer typesetting system
2155:
1207:
introduced conditional and recursive macros into the popular
30:"Macro language" redirects here. For ISO macrolanguages, see
1447:
889:). Hygienic macros have been standardized for Scheme in the
844:
In 1963, Timothy Hart proposed adding macros to Lisp 1.5 in
1737:
1719:
1581:
1448:"Runescape: The Massive Online Adventure Game by Jagex Ltd"
602:: for command-line macros and application macros in, e.g.,
1124:
instruction to call an operating system function directly.
1192:
By the late 1950s the macro language was followed by the
1015:
into the application of a function to a set of arguments.
979:) enables the creation of new syntactic constructs (e.g.
166:. Separate programs for creating these macros are called
2188:
Rochester
Institute of Technology, Professors Powerpoint
1911:
Orgass, Richard J.; Waite, William M. (September 1969).
744:, e.g., setting variables that other macros can access.
821:. They are also available as third-party extensions to
103:
sequences. Token and tree macros are supported in some
1321: – Replacing placeholders in a string with values
1095:(including macros such as OPEN, CLOSE, READ and WRITE)
130:
program generates and have been used to create entire
1848:"Composable and compilable macros: you want it when?"
596:(TSO): for command-line macros and application macros
586:(CMS): for command-line macros and application macros
1582:"About - Nemerle programming language official site"
1369:"The Share 709 System: Programming and Modification"
1292:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1164:
programming was commonly used to write programs for
924:
has combined the notions of hygienic macros with a "
401:
is passed to it. Here are some possible expansions:
3124:
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2966:
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2753:
2569:
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2468:
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2244:
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422:The parameterized macros used in languages such as
173:During the 1980s, macro programs – originally
27:
Rule for substituting a set input with a set output
909:, explicit renaming, and syntactic closures. Both
863:use of words as a substitute for preceding words.
497:is an experimental system that seeks to reconcile
476:macros work by simple textual substitution at the
1367:Greenwald, Irwin D.; Kane, Maureen (April 1959).
1116:the executable code often terminated in either a
134:or program suites according to such variables as
2098:"Macro SAP – Macro compiler modification of SAP"
1246:of several newer programming languages, such as
998:Data sub-languages and domain-specific languages
917:have been standardized in the Scheme standards.
576:: for command-line macros and application macros
1258:libraries as well if not necessary, to improve
570:: for typesetting and formatting Unix manpages.
519:is a sophisticated stand-alone macro processor.
468:have rudimentary macro systems, implemented as
199:massively multiplayer online role-playing games
1901:, Matthias Felleisen, LL1 mailing list posting
3049:
2208:
75:that specifies how a certain input should be
8:
265:(VBA) is a programming language included in
83:. The input and output may be a sequence of
1720:"Sweet.js - Hygienic Macros for JavaScript"
696:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
394:What this macro expands to depends on what
3056:
3042:
3034:
2368:
2241:
2215:
2201:
2193:
2279:Programming in the large and in the small
2156:"syscall package - syscall - Go Packages"
2139:
2066:Holbrook, Bernard D.; Brown, W. Stanley.
2061:
2059:
1928:
1786:
1431:
1384:
837:Before Lisp had macros, it had so-called
716:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:or to extend the language, sometimes for
2040:
2038:
1913:"A base for a mobile programming system"
1606:"Macros - The Rust Programming Language"
36:
2046:"Assembler Language Macro Instructions"
1331:
1047:Macros for machine-independent software
1960:(7). New York, NY, USA: ACM: 415–421.
1923:(9). New York, NY, USA: ACM: 507–510.
1696:"Metaprogramming · The Julia Language"
1379:(2). New York, NY, USA: ACM: 128–133.
1534:"The Dylan Macro System — Open Dylan"
1279:(the origin of the concept of macros)
341:Parameterized and parameterless macro
236:; it was later ported to dialects of
7:
1120:instruction to call a routine, or a
694:adding citations to reliable sources
95:. Character macros are supported in
1416:"A General Purpose Macrogenerator"
360:, this is a typical macro that is
243:Another programmers' text editor,
71: 'long, large') is a rule or
25:
1836:Clinger, Rees. "Macros that Work"
1682:Haxe - The Cross-platform Toolkit
1250:, actively discourage the use of
1199:In 1959, Douglas E. Eastwood and
99:to make it easy to invoke common
2823:Partitioned global address space
1215:) programming languages through
1175:high-level programming languages
1109:macro—DTF (Define The File) for
1054:STAGE2 Mobile Programming System
848:57: MACRO Definitions for LISP.
666:
213:Application macros and scripting
2183:How to write Macro Instructions
1277:Assembly language § Macros
452:Assembly language § Macros
448:General-purpose macro processor
364:a parameterized macro, i.e., a
197:Keyboard macros can be used in
3065:Types of programming languages
1864:Rafkind, Jon; Flatt, Matthew.
1738:"LeMP Home Page · Enhanced C#"
547:General Purpose Macrogenerator
472:to the compiler or assembler.
323:Microsoft Windows system calls
1:
1988:"University of North Florida"
584:Conversational Monitor System
284:, supports macros written in
278:Conversational Monitor System
263:Visual Basic for Applications
228:The programmers' text editor
3197:Programming paradigms navbox
2350:Uniform Function Call Syntax
1313:Programming by demonstration
1105:instructions, e.g., for the
356:As a simple example, in the
2818:Parallel programming models
2792:Concurrent constraint logic
532:Template Attribute Language
411:, but in languages such as
381:to always be replaced with
183:terminate-and-stay-resident
3241:
2911:Metalinguistic abstraction
2778:Automatic mutual exclusion
870:
855:
616:: for formatting documents
445:
329:in VBA, commonly known as
311:
29:
2783:Choreographic programming
1954:Communications of the ACM
1917:Communications of the ACM
1340:Oxford English Dictionary
150:Keyboard and mouse macros
113:domain-specific languages
2833:Relativistic programming
1510:"Erlang -- Preprocessor"
1118:branch and link register
887:referential transparency
642:Some languages, such as
482:IBM High Level Assembler
442:Text-substitution macros
436:run-time code generation
1177:that followed, such as
1160:In the mid-1950s, when
507:multi-stage computation
314:Macro virus (computing)
3215:Programming constructs
2843:Structured concurrency
2228:Comparison by language
2141:10.1093/comjnl/28.1.29
2025:"IBM Knowledge Center"
1634:elixir-lang.github.com
1433:10.1093/comjnl/8.3.225
1288:Extensible programming
1072:compiler bootstrapping
358:C programming language
45:
3186:Programming languages
2808:Multitier programming
2624:Interface description
2224:Programming paradigms
1966:10.1145/362686.362691
1930:10.1145/363219.363226
1883:"Automata via Macros"
1812:10.1145/319838.319859
1468:"scripts: vim online"
1412:Strachey, Christopher
1386:10.1145/320964.320967
1091:peripheral access by
771:abstract syntax trees
128:conditional assembler
105:programming languages
97:software applications
40:
32:ISO 639 macrolanguage
2128:The Computer Journal
2078:on September 2, 2014
2029:IBM Knowledge Center
1806:. pp. 151–161.
1319:String interpolation
1239:such functionality.
1147:and associated data.
1143:statement to output
977:non-strict functions
690:improve this section
638:Embeddable languages
542:(Macro Language One)
50:computer programming
3225:Automation software
2948:Self-modifying code
2556:Probabilistic logic
2487:Functional reactive
2442:Expression-oriented
2396:Partial application
2108:on August 13, 2008.
1562:Scala Documentation
1058:machine-independent
926:tower of evaluators
738:procedural language
594:Time Sharing Option
551:regular expressions
528:Macro Extension TAL
501:and macro systems.
366:parameterless macro
347:parameterized macro
321:has access to most
298:The Hessling Editor
280:(CMS) component of
2861:Attribute-oriented
2634:List comprehension
2579:Algebraic modeling
2392:Anonymous function
2284:Design by contract
2254:Jackson structures
1700:docs.julialang.org
1373:Journal of the ACM
1308:Macro and security
1244:standard libraries
1170:macro instructions
1084:macro instructions
1008:Binding constructs
981:control structures
536:SMX: for web pages
466:assembly languages
460:Languages such as
259:to create macros.
223:scripting language
219:application macros
46:
3175:Computer language
3162:
3161:
3031:
3030:
2921:Program synthesis
2813:Organic computing
2749:
2748:
2654:Non-English-based
2629:Language-oriented
2407:Purely functional
2358:
2357:
2031:. 16 August 2013.
1610:doc.rust-lang.org
1352:macro-instruction
1283:Compound operator
1256:platform-agnostic
1166:digital computers
1162:assembly language
1133:system generation
1078:Assembly language
833:Early Lisp macros
726:
725:
718:
658:Procedural macros
409:in-line expansion
391:pred(x) ((x)-1)
276:, running on the
247:(a descendant of
144:assembly language
120:program statement
58:macro instruction
16:(Redirected from
3232:
3201:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3035:
2933:by demonstration
2838:Service-oriented
2828:Process-oriented
2803:Macroprogramming
2788:Concurrent logic
2659:Page description
2649:Natural language
2619:Grammar-oriented
2546:Nondeterministic
2535:Constraint logic
2437:Point-free style
2432:Functional logic
2369:
2340:Immutable object
2259:Block-structured
2242:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2194:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2104:. Archived from
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2074:. Archived from
2063:
2054:
2053:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1978:
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1949:
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1891:
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1872:
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1855:
1854:
1852:
1846:Flatt, Matthew.
1843:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1757:"untitled email"
1752:
1746:
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1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1490:www.metalevel.at
1482:
1476:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1420:Computer Journal
1414:(October 1965).
1408:
1402:
1401:
1388:
1364:
1358:
1336:
1293:
1272:Anaphoric macros
1217:macro processors
1194:Macro Assemblers
1187:machine language
1024:anaphoric macros
1014:
990:
986:
968:Evaluation order
916:
912:
908:
904:
884:
852:Anaphoric macros
765:Syntactic macros
748:Frame technology
721:
714:
710:
707:
701:
670:
662:
653:
649:
512:Other examples:
417:inline functions
384:
380:
327:computer viruses
267:Microsoft Office
136:operating system
21:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3233:
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3205:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3120:
3111:Very high-level
3067:
3062:
3032:
3027:
2969:
2962:
2853:Metaprogramming
2847:
2763:
2758:
2745:
2727:Graph rewriting
2565:
2541:Inductive logic
2521:Abductive logic
2507:
2464:
2427:Dependent types
2375:
2354:
2326:Prototype-based
2306:
2304:Object-oriented
2298:
2294:Nested function
2289:Invariant-based
2231:
2221:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2044:
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2023:
2022:
2018:
2005:"DTF (DOS/VSE)"
2003:
2002:
1998:
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1833:
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1822:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1755:Marshall, Joe.
1754:
1753:
1749:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1724:www.sweetjs.org
1718:
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1713:
1704:
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1694:
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1540:
1532:
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1527:
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1508:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1486:"Prolog Macros"
1484:
1483:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1297:Fused operation
1291:
1268:
1262:and security.
1201:Douglas McIlroy
1158:
1131:job stream for
1122:supervisor call
1103:define constant
1080:
1049:
1012:
988:
984:
973:lazy evaluation
965:
914:
910:
906:
902:
882:
875:
869:
867:Hygienic macros
860:
858:Anaphoric macro
854:
835:
767:
722:
711:
705:
702:
687:
671:
660:
651:
647:
640:
530:, accompanying
458:
444:
405:
392:
382:
378:
375:
343:
316:
310:
215:
188:word processors
168:macro recorders
155:Keyboard macros
152:
81:macro expansion
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3238:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3180:
3167:
3164:
3160:
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3157:
3156:
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3146:
3141:
3136:
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3122:
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3119:
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3097:
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3075:
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3020:
3015:
3010:
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2974:
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2815:
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2800:
2795:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2723:Transformation
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Differentiable
2606:
2596:
2589:Automata-based
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2523:
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2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2456:Function-level
2453:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2318:
2316:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2269:Non-structured
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2177:External links
2175:
2172:
2171:
2147:
2111:
2089:
2055:
2034:
2016:
1996:
1979:
1944:
1903:
1892:
1874:
1856:
1838:
1827:
1820:
1794:
1769:
1747:
1729:
1711:
1687:
1669:
1645:
1621:
1597:
1573:
1549:
1525:
1501:
1477:
1459:
1439:
1426:(3): 225–241.
1403:
1359:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1302:Hygienic macro
1299:
1294:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1189:instructions.
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1125:
1114:
1099:
1096:
1093:access methods
1079:
1076:
1048:
1045:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1003:state machines
999:
996:
969:
964:
961:
879:hygienic macro
873:Hygienic macro
871:Main article:
868:
865:
856:Main article:
853:
850:
834:
831:
766:
763:
759:loop unrolling
728:Macros in the
724:
723:
674:
672:
665:
659:
656:
639:
636:
628:
627:
617:
611:
597:
587:
577:
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561:
543:
537:
534:
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520:
474:C preprocessor
443:
440:
403:
387:
370:
342:
339:
312:Main article:
309:
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151:
148:
85:lexical tokens
26:
24:
14:
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6:
4:
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3019:
3016:
3014:
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3009:
3006:
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3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Data-oriented
2991:
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2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Homoiconicity
2889:
2887:
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2799:
2798:Concurrent OO
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2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Set-theoretic
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Probabilistic
2671:
2669:
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2471:
2467:
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2454:
2452:
2451:Concatenative
2448:
2445:
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2272:
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2267:
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2255:
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2240:
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2234:
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2199:
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2017:
2012:
2011:
2006:
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1989:
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1539:
1538:opendylan.org
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1197:
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1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:, the use of
1167:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:Generating a
1126:
1123:
1119:
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1112:
1108:
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1100:
1097:
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1036:
1032:
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1021:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
993:continuations
982:
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967:
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859:
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2120:Layzell, P.
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2160:pkg.go.dev
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1213:high-level
1135:in, e.g.,
1101:a list of
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987:but lacks
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109:code reuse
107:to enable
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335:Microsoft
257:Vimscript
164:automated
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2551:Ontology
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2470:Dataflow
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