243:
672:
686:
182:; there was another wave of migration in the 1950s and 1960s. There were 7,885 Chinese in Suriname at the 2012 census, constituting 1.5% of the total population. They constitute the largest component of the 'other' ethnic category, which makes up 2.3% of the population as per the CIA World Factbook. The majority of the Chinese Surinamese consider
303:
In the 1850s and 1860s, about 2,500 Chinese people went to
Suriname. Most were employed as indentured laborers on the plantations. After their contracts expired, many found opportunities in trade, mostly in food retail. Most of the male laborers were married to non-Chinese women. Those who married
292:
Charles Pierre
Schimpf, in favor of the employers. The Chinese could now be treated like slaves. When they would revolt against this, they were, without due process and contrary to existing regulations, punished by police with cane strokes, an unlawful act that was repeated again and again.
324:
The
Chinese held a prominent position in small and medium business for a long time, and their mostly well-educated offspring of mixed ancestry or Chinese ancestry can be found in various social sectors. Also, the Surinamese people have adopted several Chinese customs.
317:
is still ongoing. The rapidly growing demand in China for wood and minerals makes
Suriname very attractive to Chinese businesses. The new Chinese migrants from northern China are known in Suriname as "salt-water-Chinese".
1045:
Tjon Sie Fat, Paul B. "They Might as Well Be
Speaking Chinese: The Changing Chinese Linguistic Situation in Suriname under New Migration." In: Carlin, Eithne B., Isabelle Léglise, Bettina Migge, and Paul B. Tjon Sie Fat.
312:
Other
Chinese came to Suriname as free laborers, traders and shop assistants, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. Further large numbers came in the 1990s. In 2007, there were over 70,000 Chinese in Suriname, and the
242:
727:
1022:
Tjon Sie Fat, Paul B. "Old and New
Chinese Organizations in Suriname" (Part IV: Chinese Migration in Other Countries: Chapter 12). In: Zhang, Jijiao and Howard Duncan.
2377:
1458:
1092:
2145:
1860:
1119:
1381:
1257:
1956:
1489:
1452:
616:
1448:
2367:
2011:
1411:
1027:
642:
2372:
2362:
2083:
1679:
1401:
281:. They arrived in Suriname in April, but it turned out that no one wanted to hire people to do work that slaves would do "for free".
1945:
1078:
373:
stated that Hakka people in
Suriname do not frequently voice negative attitudes towards the fact that Hakka has a lower status than
226:
738:
2302:
2138:
860:
2162:
1747:
1112:
1059:
1035:
1009:
646:
619:, 2003-2006; Tjon-A-Ten is of mixed ancestry with paternal Hakka Chinese grandfather who migrated from Guangdong to Suriname
2068:
1465:
704:
1814:
1659:
1600:
1595:
1507:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1180:
1330:
1962:
1829:
1063:
770:
653:, 1990, 1994 and 1998; Winter is of mixed ancestry and his paternal grandfather, Zhang Junqiang, is Surinamese Hakka.
2131:
2113:
2006:
1985:
1923:
1918:
1824:
1819:
1626:
1342:
1278:
1247:
1226:
1216:
1001:
524:
1940:
1930:
1913:
1892:
1887:
1708:
1563:
1308:
1283:
1252:
1200:
1195:
1164:
1149:
1105:
2031:
2026:
2021:
1935:
1897:
1855:
1850:
1642:
1517:
1371:
1337:
1293:
1273:
1231:
211:
1990:
1980:
1621:
1616:
1543:
1221:
1185:
1159:
1154:
888:
370:
2341:
2078:
1845:
1325:
1190:
2325:
2056:
1013:
520:
131:
273:. Because of the high acquisition costs, it was decided to get a second group, not from Java, but from
1742:
1314:
967:
Impressies van de
Chinese gemeenschap in Suriname: enkele culturele aspecten van Chinezen in Suriname
266:
179:
384:
was introduced into
Suriname. Beginning in the 1990s new migrants from China moved to Suriname, and
2297:
2105:
2051:
1664:
1568:
1512:
1483:
1476:
1442:
1435:
572:
297:
2016:
1776:
1538:
1533:
908:
766:
699:
600:
578:
543:
381:
366:
365:
was originally present and became the "old Chinese" of Guyana. It was previously the only spoken
270:
17:
560:, 2000-2006; First immigrant Mayor of Netherlands; First Chinese Mayor of Netherlands and Europe
199:
993:, in: The proceedings of the international conference on Hakkaology, (Hong Kong 1994), 189-195.
2262:
2192:
2154:
1691:
1652:
1647:
1553:
1470:
1429:
1396:
1363:
1074:
1055:
1039:
1031:
1005:
844:
826:
810:
794:
656:
612:
588:
563:
537:
215:
159:
762:
2320:
2312:
2279:
2207:
2093:
2088:
2073:
1730:
1548:
1391:
1386:
1320:
1128:
1051:
633:
606:
549:
354:
225:
Many Chinese Surinamese are active in the retail and business community. Six percent of the
87:
1781:
258:
was about to be abolished. They asked the government to recruit other workers from abroad.
2292:
2237:
2229:
2063:
1950:
1686:
1669:
691:
622:
584:
533:
516:
59:
1791:
491:
Most of the Chinese Surinamese are irreligious, with significant population adhering to
2252:
2202:
2170:
1796:
1786:
1376:
650:
528:
374:
362:
321:
Since the 1960s, thousands of Chinese have emigrated from Suriname to the Netherlands.
175:
95:
735:
Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname)
2356:
2257:
2247:
2212:
2197:
2187:
2182:
1713:
1421:
628:
557:
389:
71:
2219:
1759:
1016:
972:
884:
677:
594:
504:
492:
334:
139:
123:
103:
1701:
1071:
De Chinezen in Suriname. een geschiedenis van immigratie en aanpassing 1853-2000
638:
314:
296:
An interpellation (formal request for information) to the Minister of Colonies
1769:
1752:
1723:
1696:
1674:
667:
527:, 1980-1982; Chin paternal side was Hakka Chinese and maternal side was mixed
251:
51:
277:
instead. In 1858, 500 Chinese laborers were recruited by the Dutch consul in
553:
385:
338:
207:
79:
2267:
1764:
496:
358:
350:
289:
285:
219:
203:
187:
171:
147:
998:
Chinese New Migrants in Suriname: The Inevitability of Ethnic Performing
1735:
1718:
346:
342:
255:
195:
191:
115:
2175:
395:
There are Mandarin and Cantonese television shows aired in Suriname.
135:
2123:
1097:
2242:
503:
are also followed by a small number of them. However, "many...are
500:
278:
274:
241:
183:
262:
2127:
1101:
641:, Member of Netherlands national football team that won the
1093:
National Archives information about the Chinese in Suriname
843:
Tjon Sie Fat, "They Might as Well Be Speaking Chinese," p.
793:
Tjon Sie Fat, "They Might as Well Be Speaking Chinese," p.
178:
origin. The earliest migrants came in the 19th century as
569:
Michael P. Jong Tjien Fa 杨进华, Cabinet Minister, 2002-2010
1026:(Volume 10 of International Perspectives on Migration).
288:
with the Chinese was changed without their knowledge by
1048:
In and Out of Suriname: Language, Mobility and Identity
937:
De grote oversteek: het lot van de Surinaamse Chinezen
587:, Dutch footballer, of part Chinese ancestry from his
304:
Chinese women, mostly married with an imported bride.
536:, Football player, of part Chinese ancestry from his
960:
Chinese kontraktarbeiders in Suriname in de 19e eeuw
2334:
2311:
2278:
2228:
2161:
2044:
1999:
1973:
1906:
1880:
1873:
1838:
1807:
1635:
1609:
1588:
1581:
1526:
1500:
1420:
1362:
1355:
1266:
1240:
1209:
1173:
1142:
1135:
825:Tjon, "They Might as Well Be Speaking Chinese," p.
809:Tjon, "They Might as Well Be Speaking Chinese," p.
153:
109:
65:
45:
35:
1024:Migration in China and Asia: Experience and Policy
839:
837:
835:
821:
819:
805:
803:
789:
787:
566:, Football player; Jong-a-Pin is of mixed ancestry
388:, during circa 2004-2014, became the main Chinese
369:in the country. Paul Brendan Tjon Sie Fat of the
2139:
1113:
8:
30:
2146:
2132:
2124:
1877:
1585:
1359:
1139:
1120:
1106:
1098:
855:
853:
29:
1697:Peranakan / Baba Nyonya / Straits Chinese
254:in Suriname feared a labor shortage when
597:, Radio and television presenter, writer
2108:of France in the western Indian Ocean.
716:
953:De migratie van Chinezen naar Suriname
722:
720:
645:. Also represented Netherlands in the
269:in the Catharina Sophia plantation in
1028:Springer Science & Business Media
909:"World sport stars of Chinese origin"
222:origin Cantonese and Hakkas as well.
7:
2378:Surinamese people of Chinese descent
265:recruited a group of 18 Chinese for
46:Regions with significant populations
643:1988 European Football Championship
333:The original Chinese settlers were
25:
984:Chinese kontraktanten in Suriname
18:List of Chinese Surinamese people
684:
670:
341:; Fuitungon means three places:
939:, China Nu 16 (4), 1991, 16-18.
615:, First Chinese elected to the
246:Southern Chinese migrant family
214:. There is a small minority of
1069:Zijlmans, G.C. en H.A. Enser,
982:Lamur, H.E., en J.A. Vriezen,
647:European Football Championship
1:
1000:(UvA Proefschriften Series).
337:from the Fuitungon region of
1253:Democratic Republic of Congo
986:, OSO, 4 (2), 1985, 169-179.
962:, OSO, 4 (2), 1985, 181-186.
737:. p. 76. Archived from
2368:Chinese diaspora by country
771:Central Intelligence Agency
2394:
1062:, 9789004280120. Start p.
1038:, 9789401787598. Start p.
1002:Amsterdam University Press
525:Prime Minister of Suriname
227:Chinese in the Netherlands
2373:Ethnic groups in Suriname
2363:Asia diaspora in Suriname
2102:
728:"Censusstatistieken 2012"
482:
474:
469:
461:
456:
448:
443:
435:
430:
422:
417:
412:
407:
168:Chinese Surinamese people
158:
114:
70:
50:
40:
31:Chinese Surinamese people
705:China–Suriname relations
617:House of Representatives
229:migrated from Suriname.
977:Wij slaven van Suriname
889:Encyclopedia Britannica
649:for 1996 and 2000, and
371:University of Amsterdam
996:Tjon Sie Fat, Paul B.
866:. unstats.un.org. 2012
247:
1054:, November 28, 2014.
1004:, September 1, 2009.
991:The Hakkas in Surinam
958:Ankum-Houwink, J.C.,
951:Ankum-Houwink, J.C.,
284:Because of this, the
245:
174:residents of ethnic
154:Related ethnic groups
132:Chinese folk religion
1861:United Arab Emirates
1753:Straits-Born Chinese
1050:(Caribbean Series).
603:, influential family
2106:overseas department
1412:Trinidad and Tobago
969:, (z.p. 1995).
885:"Suriname - People"
573:Guillaume Lo-A-Njoe
298:Jan Jacob Rochussen
238:Indentured laborers
180:indentured laborers
32:
2114:Hong Kong Diaspora
1382:Dominican Republic
989:Man A Hing, W.L.,
955:, (z.p. ca. 1972).
767:The World Factbook
700:Chinese Caribbeans
601:Tjin A Djie family
579:Etienne Shew-Atjon
544:Cerezo Fung a Wing
367:variety of Chinese
261:The government of
248:
2350:
2349:
2155:Surinamese people
2121:
2120:
2060:
2040:
2039:
1959:
1869:
1868:
1748:Chinese nationals
1675:Peranakan Chinese
1577:
1576:
1490:by city and state
1486:
1479:
1445:
1438:
1351:
1350:
1258:Republic of Congo
1030:, April 8, 2014.
1012:, 9789056295981.
657:Maayke Tjin-A-Lim
613:Varina Tjon-A-Ten
581:, Football player
564:Calvin Jong-a-Pin
546:, Football player
487:
486:
165:
164:
160:Chinese Caribbean
16:(Redirected from
2385:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2125:
2084:Papua New Guinea
2054:
1955:
1878:
1586:
1482:
1475:
1449:British Columbia
1441:
1434:
1360:
1140:
1129:Overseas Chinese
1122:
1115:
1108:
1099:
1052:Brill Publishers
917:
916:
913:www.china.org.cn
905:
899:
898:
896:
895:
881:
875:
874:
872:
871:
865:
857:
848:
841:
830:
823:
814:
807:
798:
791:
782:
781:
779:
778:
759:
753:
752:
750:
749:
743:
732:
724:
694:
689:
688:
687:
680:
675:
674:
673:
634:Nathan Tjoe-A-On
625:, track cyclist
607:Renzo Tjon-A-Joe
550:Roy Ho Ten Soeng
405:
404:
392:in the country.
353:or tungkon, and
308:Later immigrants
267:indentured labor
36:Total population
33:
21:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2330:
2307:
2274:
2224:
2157:
2152:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2098:
2036:
1995:
1969:
1902:
1865:
1834:
1803:
1680:Bangka-Belitung
1670:Benteng Chinese
1631:
1605:
1573:
1522:
1496:
1416:
1347:
1262:
1236:
1205:
1169:
1131:
1126:
1089:
1084:
965:Groenfelt, E.,
942:
926:
921:
920:
907:
906:
902:
893:
891:
883:
882:
878:
869:
867:
863:
859:
858:
851:
842:
833:
824:
817:
808:
801:
792:
785:
776:
774:
761:
760:
756:
747:
745:
741:
730:
726:
725:
718:
713:
692:Suriname portal
690:
685:
683:
676:
671:
669:
666:
659:, Dutch athlete
623:Jair Tjon En Fa
585:Virgil van Dijk
534:Lee-Roy Echteld
517:Henk Chin A Sen
513:
489:
488:
480:
467:
454:
449:Other religions
441:
428:
401:
331:
310:
240:
235:
212:ancestral homes
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2335:South American
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:from Hong Kong
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Czech Republic
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1957:from Hong Kong
1951:United Kingdom
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
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1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1583:
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1572:
1571:
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1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1477:from Hong Kong
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1439:
1436:from Hong Kong
1426:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:External links
1085:
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654:
651:FIFA World Cup
636:
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610:
604:
598:
592:
582:
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561:
547:
541:
531:
512:
511:Notable people
509:
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300:did not help.
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2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:United States
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1079:90-806479-3-4
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
973:Kom, Anton de
971:
968:
964:
961:
957:
954:
950:
949:
944:
943:
938:
934:
933:
928:
927:
923:
914:
910:
904:
901:
890:
886:
880:
877:
862:
861:"Census data"
856:
854:
850:
846:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
816:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
790:
788:
784:
772:
768:
764:
758:
755:
744:on 2016-03-05
740:
736:
729:
723:
721:
717:
710:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
682:
679:
668:
663:
658:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Kian Fitz-Jim
627:
624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
558:North Holland
555:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
535:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:
514:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
477:
473:
464:
460:
451:
447:
438:
434:
425:
421:
415:
411:
406:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:lingua franca
387:
383:
380:In the 1970s
378:
377:in Suriname.
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Bao'an County
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
326:
322:
319:
316:
307:
305:
301:
299:
294:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
244:
237:
232:
230:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
161:
157:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:Hakka Chinese
69:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
39:
34:
19:
2287:
2109:
1558:
1406:
1331:Johannesburg
1326:South Africa
1313:
1070:
1047:
1023:
1017:Google Books
997:
990:
983:
976:
966:
959:
952:
936:
924:Bibliography
912:
903:
892:. Retrieved
879:
868:. Retrieved
775:. Retrieved
773:. 2023-04-17
757:
746:. Retrieved
739:the original
734:
678:China portal
595:Humberto Tan
493:Christianity
490:
436:Christianity
394:
379:
349:or Fuijong,
332:
323:
320:
311:
302:
295:
283:
260:
249:
224:
167:
166:
143:
140:Confucianism
127:
124:Christianity
119:
104:Sranan Tongo
99:
91:
83:
75:
55:
41:7,885 (2012)
27:Ethnic group
2079:New Zealand
1946:Netherlands
1770:Phuket Baba
1731:Philippines
1702:Sino-Native
1484:from Taiwan
1443:from Taiwan
1402:Puerto Rico
935:Tseng, F.,
639:Aron Winter
552:, Mayor of
423:No religion
315:immigration
116:No religion
2357:Categories
2326:Portuguese
2263:Paramaccan
2163:Indigenous
1815:Bangladesh
1782:Minh Hương
1660:East Timor
1601:Kyrgyzstan
1596:Kazakhstan
1508:Costa Rica
1321:Seychelles
1304:Mozambique
1289:Madagascar
1181:Cape Verde
1060:900428012X
1036:940178759X
1010:9056295985
894:2023-04-26
870:2021-01-20
777:2023-04-26
763:"Suriname"
748:2017-07-30
711:References
589:Surinamese
538:Surinamese
505:Confucians
361:or pauon,
172:Surinamese
52:Paramaribo
2342:Brazilian
2052:Australia
1830:Sri Lanka
1743:Singapore
1665:Indonesia
1636:Southeast
1569:Venezuela
1534:Argentina
1513:Nicaragua
1453:Vancouver
1364:Caribbean
1299:Mauritius
609:, swimmer
554:Venhuizen
521:President
386:Putonghua
382:Cantonese
339:Guangdong
329:Languages
271:Saramacca
250:In 1853,
210:as their
208:Guangdong
80:Cantonese
66:Languages
2313:European
2298:Javanese
2268:Saramaka
2110:See also
2007:Bulgaria
1986:Portugal
1974:Southern
1881:Northern
1825:Pakistan
1765:Chin Haw
1760:Thailand
1692:Malaysia
1648:Cambodia
1627:Mongolia
1559:Suriname
1407:Suriname
1356:Americas
1343:Zimbabwe
1279:Botswana
1267:Southern
1248:Cameroon
1227:Tanzania
1217:Ethiopia
929:Articles
664:See also
575:, Artist
497:Hinduism
462:Hinduism
413:Religion
408:Religion
399:Religion
359:Shenzhen
351:Dongguan
290:Governor
286:contract
252:planters
220:Jiangmen
204:Shenzhen
188:Dongguan
148:Buddhism
110:Religion
88:Mandarin
2288:Chinese
2253:Matawai
2238:Maroons
2230:African
2203:Sikiana
2198:Saloema
2193:Kali'na
2045:Oceania
2017:Romania
2000:Eastern
1941:Ireland
1936:Hungary
1931:Germany
1914:Belgium
1907:Western
1893:Finland
1888:Denmark
1797:San Diu
1777:Vietnam
1736:Sangley
1719:Panthay
1709:Myanmar
1653:Hokkien
1589:Central
1564:Uruguay
1501:Central
1459:Toronto
1397:Jamaica
1315:Réunion
1309:Namibia
1284:Lesotho
1241:Central
1201:Senegal
1196:Nigeria
1165:Morocco
1150:Algeria
1014:Link at
479:
466:
453:
440:
427:
418:Percent
347:Huizhou
343:Huiyang
256:slavery
233:History
196:Huizhou
192:Huiyang
176:Chinese
142:)
134:(incl.
2303:Jewish
2293:Indian
2258:Ndyuka
2248:Kwinti
2213:Wayana
2208:Tiriyó
2188:Akurio
2176:Lokono
2171:Arawak
2069:Hawaii
2032:Turkey
2027:Serbia
2022:Russia
1963:London
1919:France
1898:Sweden
1874:Europe
1856:Turkey
1851:Israel
1714:Kokang
1643:Brunei
1549:Guyana
1539:Brazil
1518:Panama
1466:Mexico
1430:Canada
1387:Guyana
1372:Belize
1338:Zambia
1294:Malawi
1274:Angola
1232:Uganda
1136:Africa
1077:
1058:
1034:
1008:
979:, 1934
591:mother
540:father
529:Creole
216:Heshan
200:Bao'an
144:·
136:Taoism
128:·
126:
120:·
118:
100:·
98:
92:·
90:
84:·
82:
76:·
74:
60:Wanica
56:·
54:
2321:Dutch
2280:Asian
2243:Aluku
2220:Warao
2183:Carib
2094:Tonga
2089:Samoa
2074:Palau
1991:Spain
1981:Italy
1924:Paris
1820:India
1808:South
1724:Pashu
1622:Korea
1617:Japan
1544:Chile
1527:South
1422:North
1392:Haiti
1222:Kenya
1186:Ghana
1160:Libya
1155:Egypt
1143:North
945:Books
864:(PDF)
742:(PDF)
731:(PDF)
519:陳亞先,
501:Islam
475:Islam
444:27.4%
375:Dutch
363:Hakka
335:Hakka
279:Macau
275:China
206:) of
184:Hakka
146:
130:
122:
102:
96:Dutch
94:
86:
78:
58:
2064:Fiji
1846:Iran
1839:West
1792:Nùng
1787:Ngái
1687:Laos
1610:East
1582:Asia
1554:Peru
1377:Cuba
1210:East
1191:Mali
1174:West
1075:ISBN
1056:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1006:ISBN
523:and
499:and
483:1.4%
263:Java
170:are
138:and
2104:An
1064:196
1040:189
845:202
827:201
811:196
795:199
507:".
457:20%
431:49%
198:or
2359::
2112::
1073:,
975:,
911:.
887:.
852:^
834:^
818:^
802:^
786:^
769:.
765:.
733:.
719:^
556:,
495:.
470:2%
357:,
345:,
218:,
202:,
194:,
190:,
2147:e
2140:t
2133:v
2059:)
2055:(
1455:)
1451:(
1121:e
1114:t
1107:v
1081:.
1066:.
1042:.
1019:.
915:.
897:.
873:.
847:.
829:.
813:.
797:.
780:.
751:.
186:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
