1193:
1366:
807:
447:
213:
792:
957:
1073:
3076:
1963:
562:
3087:
577:
1389:(British, 1800–1877), scientist, inventor and photography pioneer who invented the salted paper and calotype processes, but was involved in many other subjects, including the decipherment of cuneiform.
1192:
1274:(British, 1845–1933), linguist able to write in at least twenty ancient and modern languages who emphasized the importance of archaeological and monumental evidence in linguistic research.
1356:(Finnish, born 1977), expert on the cultural history of the Ancient Near East, most notably the Neo-Assyrian Empire, social and political power relations, and ancient concepts of gender.
1705:
1123:(British, 1810–1895), Orientalist who transcribed the Old Persian portion of the trilingual inscriptions in Old Persian, Elamite and Babylonian (a later form of Akkadian) written by
2643:
1743:
853:(French, 1837–1883), Hellenist and archaeologist, among the first to recognize in the cuneiform inscriptions the existence of a non-Semitic language he named Akkadian.
1505:(Iraqi, 1950–2011), archaeologist instrumental in recovering Mesopotamian artefacts looted from the National Museum in Baghdad during the American invasion of Iraq.
1350:(Soviet, 1889–1965), historian who studied the history and arts of Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, the Hittite Empire and other civilizations of the Ancient Near East.
1402:), early archaeologist who investigated antiquities of the Middle East and as one of the first archaeologists to explore the burial mounds near the Persian Gulf.
1306:(Israeli, 1931–2012), poet, translator, writer, editor and literary critic who published adaptations for children of the Sumerian and Akkadian cultural heritage.
1059:(French, 1816–1882), numismatist, archaeologist and curator of antiquities who welcomed in the Louvre the first Assyrian sculptures that arrived in France from
2331:
947:(British, 1795–1872), philologist who deciphered the Assyrian lion weights from Nineveh and discovered the weight measurement system of this civilization.
782:(German, 1862–1929), mathematician who studied cuneiform tablets and Babylonian astronomy, and worked out the Babylonian theories on the Moon and planets.
740:, Professor of Assyriology at the Erlangen-NĂĽrnberg University, historical topography of Eastern Turkey and Syria, editor of tablets from various periods
1143:(British, 1787–1821), traveller and antiquarian scholar who explored the remains of Babylon, and projected a geographical and statistical account of the
1468:(British, 1921–2022), expert in Mesopotamian legends and epics, with an interest in the study of the organic and mental diseases of ancient Mesopotamia.
1365:
1035:(French, 1853–1921), archaeologist and epigrapher who collected Semitic inscriptions whose meaning he penetrated through an intense translation work.
2387:
1736:
3032:
1948:
650:(English, 1636–1703), Orientalist and linguist who mastered Turkish, Arabic, Syriac, Persian, Hebrew and Malay, and coined the word "cuneiform".
994:(French-German, 1825–1905), linguist who argued that the language spoken originally in Assyria was Turanian (related to Turkish and Mongolian).
3127:
2512:
1451:(Dutch, born 1935), professor at the University of Leiden, specialist in the Old-Babylonian time and the Old-Assyrian trade colonies such as
1042:
737:
1714:
1396:
1328:(German, 1908–1996), scholar of ancient Semitic languages whose scholarship greatly influenced his field during the post World War II era.
2078:
1729:
1264:(French, 1862–1928), specialist of Biblical studies and of the ancient East who published one of the first French translations of the
1805:
1056:
3117:
2653:
2469:
1120:
1103:(Iraqi, British, 1826–1910), Assyriologist known for archaeological discoveries, including the clay tablets that contained the
1004:
684:
434:
865:(British, 1820–1858) geologist, naturalist, explorer and archaeological excavator who discovered the ancient Sumerian city of
601:(German-American, 1928–2015), professor of Assyriology and Babylonian Literature, and curator of the Babylonian collection at
3039:
2552:
2382:
2366:
899:
862:
644:(American, born 1943), professor of Ancient scripture who has published research on the Book of Mormon and the Old Testament.
338:
2408:
3122:
3061:
2771:
2658:
2418:
2153:
1522:, with special interests in urban development and the organization of complex societies in Early Bronze-Age Mesopotamia.
1315:
1038:
1026:
664:
1372:, a polymath, had a 20-year involvement in the field of Assyriology, and helped decipher the cuneiform inscriptions of
914:(French, born 1962), epigrapher and archaeologist who works on deciphering the cuneiform tablets discovered at KĂĽltepe.
2994:
2837:
2766:
2607:
2474:
2356:
2351:
2286:
1241:
1210:(American, 1915–1983), expert on Assyrian astronomy who studied Babylonian astronomical diaries in the British Museum.
1093:(American, 1930–2011), Professor of ancient Near Eastern cultures and Semitic linguistics, known for the study of the
702:
612:
975:
1334:(American, born 1944), expert on Babylonian legal texts, currently involved in the Persepolis Fortification Project.
2547:
2479:
2088:
1962:
1519:
1405:
375:
1296:(Italian, 1913–2005), philologist and linguist who studied the languages of Ancient Mesopotamia, and rejected the
510:(French, 1861–1924), archaeologist who uncovered several overlapping stages of cultures that predated the time of
481:(French, 1795–1855), Orientalist scholar who led one of the first archaeological teams to excavate in Mesopotamia.
2881:
2869:
2735:
2675:
2628:
2505:
2163:
1978:
1347:
1160:
799:
710:
629:
543:
507:
347:(American, 1926–2019), expert on Sumer (including the Sumerian language) and Ancient Mesopotamian studies at the
2903:
2796:
2745:
2695:
2685:
2118:
1760:
1114:
1019:(Finnish, born 1943), expert on the Neo-Assyrian Empire in all its aspects (language, literature, history etc.)
3112:
3009:
2934:
2832:
2710:
2428:
2361:
2255:
2108:
2026:
2021:
1431:
1337:
1297:
1261:
1010:
967:
825:(British, 1926–2011), historian and archaeologist, a specialist in Assyriology and Near Eastern Archaeology.
723:
291:
251:
892:(Iraqi and Dutch, born 1951), specialist in the science and history of ancient religions and civilizations.
806:
212:
3044:
2964:
2959:
2929:
2908:
2781:
2776:
2740:
2529:
2311:
2070:
1532:
1502:
978:(American, 1950–2007), linguist of Semitic languages, with a focus on biblical Hebrew and biblical poetry.
332:
1216:(British, 1920–2005), Classicist and Orientalist who participated in Max Mallowan's excavation at Nimrud.
872:
693:(Polish-American, 1861–1921), Orientalist and librarian who made linguistic studies of Semitic languages.
465:(British, born 1951), philologist who specializes in cuneiform inscriptions on clay tablets from ancient
3049:
2969:
2725:
2638:
2633:
2623:
2128:
1547:
985:
617:
537:
491:
348:
271:
850:
733:
626:(German-American, 1858–1926), Semitic scholar, one of the pioneers of Assyriology in the United States.
446:
2336:
1518:(American, born 1949), professor in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the
1169:(American, born 1952), historian of science known for her work on the history of Babylonian astronomy.
546:(German, 1775–1853), epigraphist and philologist known for his contributions to deciphering cuneiform.
280:(Iraqi, 1931–2012), anthropologist, historian and writer, known for excavations in the Tigris valley.
3079:
2979:
2974:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2730:
2720:
2648:
2577:
2572:
2498:
2346:
2306:
1785:
1489:
1465:
1309:
1200:
920:(British, born 1937), Professor of Hebrew and Ancient Semitic languages who rediscovered the Epic of
770:(Russian-American, 1897–1990), considered an expert in Sumerian history and language, he studied the
757:
747:
706:
411:
791:
410:(French, born 1940), whose research mainly concerns texts found in the ruins of the ancient city of
329:(French, born 1954), professor at the Collège de France specializing in the "Old-Babylonian" period.
2874:
2859:
2761:
2567:
2557:
2537:
2433:
2341:
2316:
2123:
2098:
1277:
1219:
838:
683:(German, born 1928), focussed on editing and publishing cuneiform sources in the collection of the
501:
381:
267:
241:
1474:(German, 1863–1913), archaeologist and historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire (
1025:(British, 1856–1934), pioneer Assyriologist who translated some Babylonian tablets related to the
2954:
2817:
2423:
2392:
2291:
2138:
2055:
1537:
1515:
1392:
1166:
1022:
981:
931:
822:
779:
767:
690:
673:
668:
341:(Turkish, born 1914; still living in 2022), archaeologist specializing in Sumerian civilization.
3004:
2999:
2984:
2413:
2270:
2265:
2250:
2185:
2103:
2060:
1780:
1775:
1542:
1325:
1319:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1265:
1245:
1104:
964:
761:
660:
641:
531:
521:
472:
427:(German, 1930–2004), scholar of the Ancient Near East and grammarian of the Sumerian language.
424:
407:
326:
287:
277:
256:
226:
221:
841:(British, 1817–1894), traveller best known as the excavator of Nimrud and of Nineveh in 1851.
583:, who attempted to correct from Oriental sources the errors of the Greek and Roman historians
2989:
2924:
2891:
2602:
2587:
2326:
2321:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2190:
2006:
1863:
1848:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1800:
1386:
1251:
1153:(British, born 1947), archaeologist specializing in ancient Iranian studies and Assyriology.
1124:
956:
927:
911:
908:(French, 1820–1899), lawyer and Orientalist known for his studies on cuneiform inscriptions.
889:
847:(Austrian-British, born 1951), author of books and encyclopaedias about ancient Mesopotamia.
828:
760:(British, 1869–1919), archaeologist known for his translations of ancient works such as the
680:
598:
592:
588:
517:
478:
371:
1072:
540:(French, born 1944), historian specializing in the Mesopotamian world and cuneiform script.
391:
2827:
2680:
2582:
2260:
2235:
2230:
2210:
2158:
2148:
2143:
2133:
2113:
2083:
2035:
2031:
2001:
1331:
1271:
844:
696:
608:
602:
511:
475:(American, born 1957), biblical scholar whose work centres on Hebrew Bible interpretation.
358:
297:
203:(French, 1849–1889), known for early researches into Babylonian and Assyrian inscriptions.
313:
1312:(Swedish, 1924–2014), Assyriologist who specialized in Sumerian language and literature.
3091:
2896:
2886:
2847:
2822:
2592:
2240:
1485:
1353:
1318:(British, 1840–1876), pioneering Assyriologist who first discovered and translated the
1213:
1156:
1144:
1100:
1094:
905:
876:
856:
401:
354:
307:
237:
1383:(Israeli, 1923–2005), specialist in biblical history and Ancient Near Eastern History.
1013:(British, 1908–1993), archaeologist and epigraphist who specialized in cylinder seals.
984:(American, 1880-1945), Professor of Oriental History at the Oriental Institute of the
591:(Ottoman-French, 1827–1917), Orientalist and traveller who crossed Yemen in search of
3106:
2864:
2040:
1888:
1795:
1492:
from 1961 to 1982, compiled a catalogue of the cuneiform tablets unearthed at Nimrud.
1471:
1448:
1237:
1222:(Austrian, born 1963), archaeologist and linguist who participated in excavations in
1207:
1140:
991:
832:
772:
635:
549:
462:
430:
385:
200:
21:
384:(German, 1850–1922), expert on Middle Eastern languages who maintained that much of
2715:
2562:
2045:
1858:
1790:
1380:
1172:
1150:
1130:
1110:
1090:
1084:
1046:
1032:
1016:
944:
917:
727:
497:
395:
344:
1479:
1175:(French, 1914–1999), author of popular history books about the Ancient Near East:
433:(German, 1835–1894), astronomer who undertook a mathematical investigation of the
335:(British, 1828–1886), diplomat and archaeological explorer of ancient Mesopotamia.
699:(German, 1864–1935), pastor and expert on the religions of the ancient Near East.
620:(Dutch, 1789–1835), philologist and Orientalist who worked on Oriental languages.
270:(Canadian, born 1955), Professor of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations at the
2791:
2670:
2542:
2521:
2464:
2454:
2245:
2177:
2050:
1938:
1752:
1303:
1087:(Austrian, born 1972), Professor of Ancient History at the University of Munich.
1050:
895:
859:(American, 1903–1969), specialist in cuneiform texts and Babylonian mathematics.
751:
647:
632:(German-American, 1859–1925), archaeologist who carried out excavations in Iraq.
527:
466:
454:
283:
41:
33:
25:
404:(Belgian, 1896–1983), archaeologist who worked on excavation of sites in Syria.
2854:
2786:
1996:
1991:
1421:
1341:
623:
247:
1254:(French, 1832–1901) archaeologist who discovered the civilization of ancient
240:(Iraqi, born 1962), Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Art and Archaeology at
2842:
2801:
2301:
1986:
1873:
1810:
1060:
921:
569:
1007:(Dutch, 1763–1840), professor of Oriental languages and Hebrew antiquities.
561:
835:, expert in the languages of ancient Anatolia (Indo-European and Hurrian).
2597:
2438:
2093:
2016:
2011:
1918:
1903:
1898:
1853:
1231:
1227:
374:(British, born 1943), known for cuneiform texts and investigation of the
576:
2663:
2195:
1923:
1913:
1878:
1868:
1475:
1409:
1373:
37:
29:
1721:
1199:, the man who transliterated and read the "Babylonian Flood Story" of
394:(German, born 1935), known for Ugaritic studies and the foundation of
1943:
1893:
1815:
1452:
1340:(Polish, born American, 1902–1965), Assyriologist who discovered the
1159:(British, born 1969), professor of ancient Middle Eastern history at
638:(Irish, 1792–1866), one of the decipherers of Mesopotamian cuneiform.
261:
230:
1290:(German, 1836–1908), pioneer of the field of Assyriology in Germany.
879:
and author of several popular history books on
Assyriology in Danish
1137:, the basic reference work for understanding the Akkadian language.
520:(British, born 1955), linguist who translated and annotated of the
494:(Iraqi, 1938–2019), specialist in ancient Mesopotamian antiquities.
2296:
1933:
1928:
1908:
1482:, Turkey, and student of the languages of the ancient Middle East,
1417:
1255:
1223:
530:(Polish, American, 1907–1985), linguist who published editions of
1883:
1691:
Budge 1925, pp. 89, 106, 119, 152, 155, 162, 223, 224, 262, 267.
866:
814:
741:
2494:
1725:
2490:
1628:
Budge 1925, pp. 27, 29, 44, 65, 67–69, 72, 89, 107, 151, 266.
47:
1413:
1244:
project and published the first
Finnish translation of the
1646:
Budge 1925, pp. 58, 59, 88, 109, 205, 206, 211, 220, 269.
611:(American, 1906-1980), former editorial secretary of the
1718:. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
310:(Dutch, 1929–2010), famous for his cuneiform sign lists.
1436:
L'Épopée de
Gilgamesh Introduction, traduction et notes
1240:(Finnish, 1915–1981), linguist who participated in the
1488:(British, 1918–2010), Professor of Assyriology at the
898:(German, born 1958), head of the research unit of the
504:
who taught history of the peoples of the
Semitic East.
316:(French, 1914–2007), expert on the Ancient Near East.
286:(German, 1859–1922), known primarily for research in
2644:
Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
1715:
The
Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character
3022:
2917:
2810:
2754:
2703:
2694:
2616:
2528:
2447:
2401:
2375:
2279:
2176:
2069:
1977:
1970:
1841:
1768:
1759:
1655:
Budge 1925, pp. 72, 79, 80, 85, 114, 130, 198, 207.
930:(American, 1921–2000), Professor of Assyriology at
500:(French, 1924–2006), lecturer and professor at the
1664:Budge 1925, pp. 31, 44, 52, 73, 89, 261, 265, 476.
534:texts and a grammar and dictionary of Old Akkadian
902:"Edition of literary cuneiform texts from Assur".
705:(British, 1857–1920), lecturer in Assyriology at
1280:(French, 1858–1940), scholar who discovered the
1592:Budge 1925, pp. 8, 53, 57, 74, 77, 90, 93, 295.
435:Babylonian astronomical observations and tables
2506:
1737:
1041:(British, born 1945), former Director of the
552:(British, 1911–2001), expert on the Hittites.
8:
726:(German, 1962), Assyriologist and publisher
361:, historian and expert on Semitic languages.
2332:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
1709:. London: Richard Clay & Sons, Limited.
750:(Iraqi, 1934–2019), former director of the
2700:
2513:
2499:
2491:
1974:
1765:
1744:
1730:
1722:
388:was derived from ancient Babylonian tales.
250:(Iraqi, 1912–1984), former curator of the
671:, produced an English translation of the
1424:, produced an early critical edition of
1364:
1191:
1071:
955:
805:
790:
575:
560:
445:
211:
1558:
1637:Budge 1925, pp. 86, 87, 145, 197, 202.
1113:(Danish, 1881–1952), professor at the
813:, who discovered the Sumerian city of
1133:(American, 1924–2005), editor of the
1043:British School of Archaeology in Iraq
663:(Danish, 1904—1993), director of the
300:(American, born 1934), editor of the
7:
1706:The Rise and Progress of Assyriology
1079:, called the "Father of Assyriology"
736:(German, 1948), Referent in Baghdad
357:(American, 1866–1925), professor at
1408:(British, 1876–1941), excavated at
24:is a person who specializes in the
875:(Danish, 1924–1993), excavator of
831:(French, 1914–1991), linguist and
14:
934:, expert on the Akkadian language
3085:
3075:
3074:
2470:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
1961:
1583:Kramer 1963, pp. 22–24, 58, 167.
1121:Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet
1077:Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet
667:and professor of Assyriology at
568:, one of the decipherers of the
453:curates some ~130,000 cuneiform
1434:(French, 1912–1999), author of
1005:Johannes Hendricus van der Palm
685:Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin
302:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
2027:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
2022:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
900:Heidelberg Academy of Sciences
1:
2409:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
1806:Tigris–Euphrates river system
3128:Lists of scientists by field
2659:electrical resistance survey
1712:Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963).
1703:Budge, E. A. Wallis (1925).
1057:Adrien Prévost de Longpérier
1027:Battle of the Vale of Siddim
709:, as well as in Assyrian at
457:housed in the British Museum
2475:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
2357:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2352:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1601:Kramer 1963, pp. 14–20, 23.
1344:(or “Great Mound”) in Mosul
1242:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
1135:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
703:Claude Hermann Walter Johns
613:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
3144:
2548:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
2480:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
1520:University of Pennsylvania
1406:Reginald Campbell Thompson
1045:, directed excavations at
665:Chicago Oriental Institute
392:Manfried Manfried Dietrich
376:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
16:This is a partial list of
3070:
2629:Philosophy of archaeology
1959:
1682:Budge 1925, pp. 192, 215.
1673:Budge 1925, pp. 135, 197.
1161:University College London
800:Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
630:Hermann Volrath Hilprecht
544:Georg Friedrich Grotefend
1115:University of Copenhagen
976:Michael Patrick O'Connor
40:and the rest of ancient
3118:Lists of archaeologists
1610:Budge 1925, pp. 19, 39.
1432:Raymond-Jacques Tournay
1338:Ephraim Avigdor Speiser
1262:Jules-Justin Sauveplane
1011:Barbara Parker-Mallowan
724:Thomas Richard Kämmerer
292:Library of Ashurbanipal
252:National Museum of Iraq
2312:Babylonian mathematics
1533:List of archaeologists
1503:Donny George Youkhanna
1376:
1203:
1080:
971:
818:
803:
711:King's College, London
584:
573:
508:Joseph Étienne Gautier
458:
333:Henry Adrian Churchill
233:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
2639:Archaeological ethics
2634:Archaeological diving
2624:Archaeological theory
1548:List of Egyptologists
1368:
1195:
1075:
986:University of Chicago
959:
809:
794:
618:Hendrik Arent Hamaker
579:
564:
538:Jean-Jacques Glassner
492:Lamia Al-Gailani Werr
449:
349:University of Chicago
272:University of Toronto
215:
2578:Augustus Pitt Rivers
2573:William Henry Holmes
2538:Archaeological sites
2307:Babylonian astronomy
1786:Mesopotamian Marshes
1490:University of London
1466:James Kinnier Wilson
1298:Indo-European theory
798:, who uncovered the
758:Leonard William King
748:Bahija Khalil Ismail
707:Cambridge University
3123:Lists of historians
2568:John Lloyd Stephens
2558:Heinrich Schliemann
2388:Destruction by ISIL
2342:Sumerian literature
2317:Akkadian literature
1753:Ancient Mesopotamia
1619:Kramer 1963, p. 10.
1574:Kramer 1963, p. 24.
1565:Kramer 1963, p. 21.
1278:Jean-Vincent Scheil
1220:Walther Sallaberger
1145:pashalic of Baghdad
839:Austen Henry Layard
796:Austen Henry Layard
382:Friedrich Delitzsch
268:Paul-Alain Beaulieu
242:Columbia University
3092:History portal
2654:geophysical survey
2424:Mesopotamian myths
1538:List of historians
1516:Richard L. Zettler
1393:John George Taylor
1377:
1204:
1167:Francesca Rochberg
1081:
1023:Theophilus Pinches
982:Albert T. Olmstead
972:
932:Harvard University
851:François Lenormant
823:Wilfred G. Lambert
819:
804:
802:at Nineveh in 1851
780:Franz Xaver Kugler
768:Samuel Noah Kramer
691:Morris Jastrow Jr.
674:Sumerian King List
669:Harvard University
585:
574:
459:
339:Muazzez İlmiye Çığ
234:
3100:
3099:
3018:
3017:
3000:Pseudoarchaeology
2617:Method and theory
2488:
2487:
2439:Ziggurat (Temple)
2414:Sumerian religion
2172:
2171:
2119:Middle Babylonian
2061:Kish civilization
1957:
1956:
1781:Lower Mesopotamia
1776:Upper Mesopotamia
1543:List of linguists
1326:Wolfram von Soden
1320:Epic of Gilgamesh
1294:Giovanni Semerano
1288:Eberhard Schrader
1282:Code of Hammurabi
1266:Epic of Gilgamesh
1246:Epic of Gilgamesh
1105:Epic of Gilgamesh
1039:Nicholas Postgate
762:Code of Hammurabi
734:Karlheinz Kessler
661:Thorkild Jacobsen
642:Paul Y. Hoskisson
522:Epic of Gilgamesh
473:Daniel E. Fleming
425:Dietz-Otto Edzard
408:Jean-Marie Durand
327:Dominique Charpin
290:, catalogued the
278:Behnam Abu Alsoof
257:Epic of Gilgamesh
254:, translated the
222:Epic of Gilgamesh
3135:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3077:
2925:Archaeoastronomy
2892:Paleoethnobotany
2701:
2603:Alfred V. Kidder
2588:Mortimer Wheeler
2515:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2337:Sumerian cuisine
2327:Warfare in Sumer
2322:Economy of Sumer
1975:
1965:
1849:Fertile Crescent
1833:Sinjar Mountains
1828:Hamrin Mountains
1823:Zagros Mountains
1801:Taurus Mountains
1766:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1723:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1401:
1400: 1851–1861
1398:
1387:Henry Fox Talbot
1370:Henry Fox Talbot
1252:Ernest de Sarzec
1125:Darius the Great
928:William L. Moran
890:Khazal Al Majidi
829:Emmanuel Laroche
776:and other texts.
681:Liane Jakob-Rost
599:William W. Hallo
518:Andrew R. George
479:Fulgence Fresnel
372:Stephanie Dalley
52:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3066:
3014:
2913:
2828:Archaeogenetics
2806:
2750:
2696:Sub-disciplines
2690:
2686:Post-excavation
2681:Lithic analysis
2612:
2583:Flinders Petrie
2524:
2519:
2489:
2484:
2443:
2397:
2371:
2280:Culture/society
2275:
2168:
2164:Muslim conquest
2134:Fall of Babylon
2065:
1966:
1953:
1837:
1755:
1750:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1529:
1512:
1499:
1462:
1445:
1399:
1363:
1332:Matthew Stolper
1272:Archibald Sayce
1190:
1070:
1001:
954:
941:
886:
845:Gwendolyn Leick
789:
720:
697:Alfred Jeremias
657:
609:Richard Hallock
603:Yale University
559:
512:Sargon of Akkad
488:
444:
421:
368:
359:Yale University
323:
298:Robert D. Biggs
219:translated the
210:
197:
192:
191:
190:
189:
53:
50:
32:, cultural and
18:Assyriologists.
12:
11:
5:
3141:
3139:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Assyriologists
3105:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3082:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3055:Assyriologists
3052:
3045:Archaeologists
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2897:Zooarchaeology
2894:
2889:
2887:Geoarchaeology
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2848:Paleopathology
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2823:Bioarchaeology
2820:
2814:
2812:
2811:Methodological
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:Dorothy Garrod
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Antiquarianism
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2460:Assyriologists
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2367:List of rulers
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Proto-Armenian
2253:
2248:
2243:
2241:Middle Persian
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Neo-Babylonian
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2109:Old Babylonian
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2079:Early Dynastic
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1486:Donald Wiseman
1483:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1403:
1390:
1384:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1313:
1310:Åke W. Sjöberg
1307:
1301:
1291:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1235:
1230:(Iraq) and in
1217:
1214:H. W. F. Saggs
1211:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:La MĂ©sopotamie
1170:
1164:
1157:Eleanor Robson
1154:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1101:Hormuzd Rassam
1098:
1095:Amarna tablets
1088:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1036:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
989:
979:
953:
950:
949:
948:
940:
937:
936:
935:
925:
915:
909:
906:Joachim Menant
903:
893:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:Tell Shemshara
870:
863:William Loftus
860:
857:Hildegard Lewy
854:
848:
842:
836:
826:
811:William Loftus
788:
785:
784:
783:
777:
765:
755:
745:
731:
719:
716:
715:
714:
700:
694:
688:
678:
656:
653:
652:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
606:
596:
572:writing system
558:
555:
554:
553:
547:
541:
535:
525:
515:
505:
495:
487:
484:
483:
482:
476:
470:
443:
440:
439:
438:
428:
420:
417:
416:
415:
405:
402:Georges Dossin
399:
389:
379:
367:
364:
363:
362:
355:Albert T. Clay
352:
342:
336:
330:
322:
319:
318:
317:
311:
308:Riekele Borger
305:
295:
281:
275:
265:
245:
238:Zainab Bahrani
209:
206:
205:
204:
196:
193:
186:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
49:
48:
46:
26:archaeological
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3140:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Egyptologists
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2995:Phenomenology
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:Environmental
2880:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Computational
2868:
2866:
2865:Archaeogaming
2863:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Post-Medieval
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Protohistoric
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:Chronological
2702:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Richard Hoare
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Syrian Desert
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:Hugo Winckler
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1449:Klaas Veenhof
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:Vasily Struve
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:Armas Salonen
1236:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:Abraham Sachs
1206:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:Claudius Rich
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
993:
992:Julius Oppert
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
962:
961:Julius Oppert
958:
951:
946:
943:
942:
938:
933:
929:
926:
923:
919:
916:
913:
912:CĂ©cile Michel
910:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
888:
887:
883:
878:
874:
873:Jørgen Læssøe
871:
868:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:Hittitologist
830:
827:
824:
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2904:Experimental
2838:Near Eastern
2797:Near Eastern
2792:Mesopotamian
2746:Contemporary
2563:Arthur Evans
2459:
2362:Royal titles
2287:Architecture
2124:Neo-Assyrian
1971:(Pre)history
1791:Persian Gulf
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1173:Georges Roux
1151:Michael Roaf
1134:
1131:Erica Reiner
1111:Otto E. Ravn
1091:Anson Rainey
1085:Karen Radner
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1047:Abu Salabikh
1033:Henri Pognon
1017:Simo Parpola
960:
945:Edwin Norris
918:Alan Millard
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455:clay tablets
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345:Miguel Civil
314:Jean Bottéro
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3010:Transgender
2935:Battlefield
2711:Prehistoric
2671:Burnt layer
2608:George Bass
2522:Archaeology
2465:Hittitology
2455:Assyriology
2376:Archaeology
2246:Old Persian
2056:Jemdet Nasr
1354:Saana Svärd
1304:Shin Shifra
1051:Kilise Tepe
1049:(Iraq) and
896:Stefan Maul
752:Iraq Museum
648:Thomas Hyde
581:Thomas Hyde
528:Ignace Gelb
467:Mesopotamia
284:Carl Bezold
42:Mesopotamia
3107:Categories
3033:by country
2965:Industrial
2960:Indigenous
2909:Underwater
2855:Calceology
2777:Australian
2755:Geographic
2741:Historical
2676:Excavation
2429:Divination
2139:Achaemenid
2104:Isin-Larsa
1997:Trialetian
1992:Mousterian
1979:Prehistory
1554:References
1422:Carchemish
1395:(British,
1342:Tepe Gawra
1284:in Persia.
624:Paul Haupt
248:Taha Baqir
217:Taha Baqir
34:linguistic
30:historical
2970:Landscape
2843:Osteology
2726:Classical
2302:Cuneiform
2178:Languages
1987:Acheulean
1874:Babylonia
1811:Euphrates
1761:Geography
1480:BoÄźazkale
1426:Gilgamesh
1234:(Turkey).
1201:Tablet XI
1061:Khorsabad
1053:(Turkey).
963:wrote an
922:Atrahasis
570:cuneiform
36:study of
3080:Category
3062:Journals
2980:Mortuary
2975:Maritime
2950:Funerary
2945:Feminist
2940:Conflict
2918:Thematic
2833:Medieval
2787:Egyptian
2782:Oceanian
2767:American
2731:Medieval
2721:Biblical
2598:Max Uhle
2448:Academia
2402:Religion
2271:Urartian
2266:Sumerian
2251:Parthian
2186:Akkadian
2159:Sasanian
2149:Parthian
2144:Seleucid
2094:Simurrum
2084:Akkadian
2017:Khiamian
2007:Natufian
1919:Simurrum
1904:Kassites
1899:Hittites
1854:Adiabene
1527:See also
1428:in 1930.
1232:Pergamon
1228:Borsippa
965:Assyrian
869:in 1849.
532:Akkadian
502:Sorbonne
288:Akkadian
227:Akkadian
51:Contents
44:(Iraq).
3040:Periods
2875:Virtual
2860:Digital
2762:African
2664:Sondage
2530:History
2434:Prayers
2419:Deities
2383:Looting
2226:Kassite
2221:Hurrian
2216:Hittite
2206:Elamite
2201:Eblaite
2196:Aramaic
2191:Amorite
2114:Kassite
2089:Gutians
2071:History
2036:Samarra
2032:Hassuna
2002:Zarzian
1924:Subartu
1914:Mitanni
1879:Chaldea
1869:Assyria
1842:Ancient
1698:Sources
1476:Hattusa
1410:Nineveh
1374:Nineveh
970:in 1868
968:grammar
817:in 1849
593:Sabaean
38:Assyria
3029:Sites
2955:Gender
2818:Aerial
2802:Nubian
2649:Survey
2261:Sutean
2236:Median
2231:Luwian
2211:Gutian
2099:Ur III
2012:Nemrik
1949:Cities
1944:Urartu
1894:Hamazi
1889:Gutium
1864:Armani
1816:Tigris
1769:Modern
1453:Kanesh
262:Arabic
231:Arabic
3023:Lists
3005:Queer
2985:Music
2772:Asian
2347:Music
2297:Akitu
2154:Roman
2046:Ubaid
2041:Halaf
1939:Tukri
1934:Sumer
1929:Suhum
1909:Media
1859:Akkad
1478:) at
1256:Sumer
1224:Mosul
260:into
229:into
225:from
2990:Nazi
2393:Tell
2051:Uruk
1884:Elam
1420:and
1418:Nebo
1226:and
1179:and
867:Uruk
815:Uruk
742:Uruk
412:Mari
2292:Art
1397:fl.
738:DAI
20:An
3109::
1416:,
1414:Ur
1412:,
28:,
2514:e
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68:C
63:B
58:A
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