1117:
755:
795:
831:
875:
1085:
1029:
955:
24:
999:
1142:(BEF) was dispatched to France at the outbreak of the Second World War. It was originally intended to be split into two armies as additional British forces arrived. By May 1940, when the Battle of Belgium and France began, this had not occurred. The following month, it was forced to withdraw to the UK and the headquarters was dissolved.
585:, was in control of the BEF and all British forces in France. While being responsible to report to a high-level French command, he was also made a subordinate of a French army group and was also under the command of the main British headquarters in London. An example of a simpler chain of command is provided by the
1257:(Fortitude South II). Later in the year, it was used to project a threat towards the Netherlands and Germany. In early 1945, German intelligence were informed that the army had been used as a source of reinforcements for formations abroad fighting and that it was then merged with Northern Command.
1428:
was the largest
British field army during the war. The Imperial War Museum wrote; "at one point it held the longest battle line, from the Bay of Bengal to the borders of India and China". It fought in India and Burma from 1943 until 1945, when it was withdrawn and replaced by the Twelfth Army. It was
1162:
that would use the new BEF – initially one
British and one Canadian division, in addition to the forces still in France – and the remnants of the French Army. This plan proved impracticable; the French military was disintegrating and the British withdrew all remaining forces from France via
1183:
was formed on 2 August 1944 as the
Combined Airborne Force. It was redesignated as the First Airborne Army on 18 August, and controlled American and British airborne corps. In turn, the corps commanded American, British, and Polish airborne formations. The majority of the army's staff, including the
1225:
controlled Anglo-Canadian forces during the invasion of
Normandy in France, and then advanced east. It entered Germany in the final stages of the war in Europe. On 24 and 25 June 1945, with the war in Europe over, the army was disbanded and its subordinate formations became an integral part of the
627:
The size, composition, and strength of an army could dramatically vary. The BEF, the primary
British force in 1940, was thirteen divisions strong and had a strength of around 394,000 men by May 1940. It was composed entirely of British formations. Others, such as the Eighth Army, were composed of
1527:, was to dispatch all 24 divisions to reinforce the BEF. They would be sent to France in waves, as divisions finished training and were fully equipped. It was envisioned that the final territorial division would be dispatched to France one year after the start of the war.
1309:
shield and the initial design may have included a red cross. The museum noted that versions of this initial design exist, but it is not known how widely distributed they were. Red was replaced by yellow due to the concern the former could be confused with the logo of the
2716:
54:
49:
3240:
559:. Over the course of the war, eight armies were formed. An attempt to form a ninth – the Second British Expeditionary Force, the second overall – was made, and one regional command was redesignated as an army for a short period. Inter-
3140:
1208:
was originally formed in July 1941 as Force 110, which subsequently became the "Expeditionary Force" in March 1942 and then First Army on 10 July 1942. The army was dispatched to fight in North Africa and was disbanded following the end of the
640:. The Fourteenth Army, which fought in British India and Burma, was the largest British army-level formation assembled during the war. It commanded around one million soldiers from Britain, British India, and the British African colonies.
1268:
was formed by
Eastern Command for deception purposes. It was used to pose a threat to any coast of north-eastern Europe but was not actively employed in any deception effort after 1943. German intelligence maintained it on the British
2709:
604:. For a variety of reasons, once the appointment was made, commanders could be promoted to a full general. There were several exceptions to this norm; John Vereker was a full general when he was placed in command of the BEF, as was
636:. In 1945, the Eighth Army was 632,980 men strong spread over eight divisions, various brigades, and other smaller units. It was then composed of British, Indian, Italian, New Zealand, and Polish troops, as well as the men of the
183:
3197:
2702:
3235:
3133:
403:
3250:
3126:
3297:
3220:
1150:
Following the evacuation of the BEF, in May–June 1940, large numbers of
British forces remained in France. The British government was determined to reinforce the French and prepared to dispatch a
1188:, were American. A British officer was second-in-command. The army oversaw the Anglo-American airborne element in Operation Market Garden, controlled American airborne forces that fought in the
3292:
3245:
1489:
armies (defence of southern India and control of various administration, medical, training, logistical facilities). These were all formed on 21 April 1942 when prior commands were reorganised.
416:
97:
632:, the Eighth Army had around 195,000 men consisting of Australian, British, French, Greek, Indian, New Zealand, and South African troops spread over eleven divisions and several additional
3215:
1245:, with the lion of their own insignia replaced with a mediaeval-style numeral four. The deception formation threatened an Allied invasion of German-occupied Norway during 1943 (Operation
246:
81:
3225:
156:
438:
241:
3307:
1510:
assets in the region. That command was subordinate to the
British political-military command based in the UK, which coordinated the actions of all British armed forces with the
2921:
230:
3302:
3266:
472:
347:
578:(BEF), was formed in September 1939 following the outbreak of the war and dispatched to France. It provides a complicated example of an army chain of command. Its commander
1311:
268:
225:
140:
129:
92:
3107:
1498:
The chain of command extended above the army group level. The 11th Army Group (redesignated as Allied Land Forces South East Asia on 12 November 1944) reported to
299:
145:
119:
551:
units that would be used to support the subordinate corps and divisions as needed. Each army was generally under the control of a higher formation, such as an
3271:
3230:
3097:
1338:
was created to control
British-led forces in the eastern Mediterranean and parts of the Middle East. Its mission was to counter any Axis advance via Turkey.
502:
124:
342:
320:
172:
2781:
1151:
1139:
710:
674:
575:
59:
3187:
3087:
220:
3207:
3192:
3161:
2937:
2732:
385:
315:
188:
358:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2517:
843:
2380:
3171:
2827:
2684:
2649:
2630:
2611:
2555:
2533:
2507:
2482:
2437:
2411:
2344:
2301:
2282:
2259:
459:
427:
304:
294:
289:
215:
1366:, a threat to British interests in the Middle East emerged and the army was to counter any such advance. The insignia depicted a lion in an
2315:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Medical Series. Vol. IV: North-West Europe. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
2841:
2395:
601:
2956:
847:
771:
443:
363:
278:
2119:
2066:
1915:
1889:
1863:
1765:
1673:
3061:
3026:
1462:
390:
1437:, but the war ended before that occurred and it peacefully entered Malaya in September. The army was disbanded on 1 November 1945.
3071:
2986:
2816:
1466:
1425:
1100:
586:
495:
2694:
2368:
1470:
1213:. A contemporaneous First Army document described the badge as representing the UK and its strength in a crusade against evil.
975:
582:
3006:
1254:
454:
2032:
2569:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. III. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
2811:
2586:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
1524:
1405:
1378:
1068:
1042:
594:
2796:
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1482:
1298:
1242:
1222:
938:
854:
814:
621:
556:
1116:
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2801:
2786:
2521:
2358:
1458:
1454:
1347:
1335:
1205:
1012:
982:
778:
629:
609:
488:
32:
2625:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. III. London: Naval & Military Press.
2550:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II. London: Naval & Military Press.
2644:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. London: Naval & Military Press.
2606:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. V. London: Naval & Military Press.
2528:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. VI. London: Naval & Military Press.
3102:
2901:
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564:
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2886:
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1386:
1265:
971:
888:
273:
2996:
2881:
2861:
2836:
1511:
1486:
1478:
579:
2623:
The
Mediterranean and Middle East: British Fortunes Reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942)
2546:; Addis, C.T.; Meiklejohn, J.F.; Roberts, M. R.; Wards, G. T.; Desoer, N. L. (1958). Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
3051:
3041:
2991:
2464:
1499:
1474:
1421:
1408:
was formed to manage the final stage of the Burma campaign in 1945. The insignia depicted a Burmese dragon.
1393:. Afterwards, it was notionally transferred to British India and was used to threaten an Allied invasion of
1323:
1319:
1227:
963:
763:
637:
3118:
2761:
2403:
1315:
560:
161:
2961:
2565:
Kirby, S. W.; Addis, C. T.; Roberts, M. R.; Wards, G. T.; Desoer, N. L. (1962). Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
605:
571:. Seventeen armies, real or fictitious, were created, although they did not all exist at the same time.
528:
2976:
2926:
1541:
544:
794:
3066:
3031:
3021:
2981:
2946:
2499:
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1417:
1302:
1250:
1189:
767:
617:
536:
2526:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: Victory in the Mediterranean Part III November 1944 to May 1945
2012:
2474:
2017:
1282:
839:
703:
548:
1453:
Through faulty intelligence, Germany believed that Britain had two additional field armies: the
1381:
was a notional army formed in 1943 for deception purposes. It was used to pose a threat towards
830:
3056:
3036:
2951:
2680:
2663:
2645:
2626:
2607:
2587:
2570:
2551:
2529:
2503:
2478:
2452:
2433:
2407:
2372:
2340:
2316:
2297:
2278:
2255:
1537:
1286:
1246:
1210:
1193:
967:
914:
874:
807:
695:
613:
3046:
1430:
1390:
1238:
1164:
1155:
754:
731:
699:
1385:
and southern Greece, in an effort to divert Axis attention away from Italy and the pending
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2582:
Kirby, S. W.; Roberts, M. R.; Wards, G. T.; Desoer, N. L. (1965). Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
2115:
2062:
1911:
1885:
1859:
1761:
1669:
1507:
1270:
1168:
1028:
803:
590:
568:
954:
3011:
1434:
1125:
1093:
23:
1297:
Initially formed as the Western Army on 10 September 1941, it was redesignated as the
3286:
3016:
2971:
2599:
2543:
2493:
2468:
2332:
2328:
2270:
2247:
2116:"Badge, HQ Palestine and Transjordan & British Troops Palestine and Transjordan"
1289:. When Montgomery's successor took over, the formation reverted to its prior title.
1154:
as soon as forces became available. This coincided with a French proposal to form a
2354:
1536:
Prior to being retitled as Eighth Army, it was also known as the Army of the Nile.
1355:
1351:
520:
516:
2426:
2040:
1350:
controlled forces based in Iran and Iraq and maintained the supply line from the
2421:
1322:. It was disbanded on 29 July 1945 and its forces were used to form the command
2642:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis forces in Africa
1574:
1572:
1389:(Operation Husky). During 1944, the threat switched from Greece to the Italian
2376:
1503:
552:
524:
2667:
2574:
2456:
1397:
during 1945. This deception ended when an actual Twelfth Army was activated.
567:, and deception efforts saw a further four armies existed within the British
3001:
2725:
British army groups, armies, commands, and corps during the Second World War
2591:
2320:
1359:
540:
2371:, United Kingdom Military Series. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
1057:
A seal balancing a globe on its nose, which showed the eastern hemisphere.
2660:
The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States
1285:
took command of South-Eastern Command in December 1941, he renamed it the
2451:. Vol. 3: 1927–1963. Heathfield, East Sussex: Proud-Bailey Co. Ltd.
1363:
1306:
1159:
1394:
1367:
998:
633:
2252:
The Battle of Arnhem: The Deadliest Airborne Operation of World War II
1249:). The Fourth Army was recreated for the same task in 1944 (Operation
1084:
2662:. Washington D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1950.
2033:"Swayne, Sir John George des Reaux (1890–1964), Lieutenant General"
1318:, landed and advanced through Italy, and by the end of the war was
1382:
532:
2640:
Playfair, I. S. O.; et al. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
2621:
Playfair, I. S. O.; et al. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
2400:
And We Shall Shock Them: The British Army in the Second World War
2294:
Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire
2495:
The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War
2037:
King's College London: Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
3122:
2698:
1970:, pp. 2–3, 37, 64–65, 242–245, 305–306, 327–329, 334–335;
668:
665:
2432:. History of the Second World War. Vol. I. London: HMSO.
662:
1469:. In addition to the armies formed by the British Army, the
1717:
1715:
1602:
2311:
Crew, Francis Albert Eley (1962). MacNalty, Arthur (ed.).
1733:
1698:
1694:
1625:
1623:
1578:
1540:, the British prime minister, also referred to it as the
1253:). In July 1944, the formation joined the deceptive
1502:, the theatre-level headquarters that coordinated army,
3149:
British military formations during the Second World War
2277:. Men-at-Arms. Botley, Oxfordshire: Osprey Publishing.
2230:
2088:"The Eighth Army Disbanded: From Alamein to the Alps".
1706:
1702:
1653:
1465:
while the latter was thought to have been created from
3298:
Lists of military units and formations of World War II
1786:
600:
Within the British military, armies were commanded by
2217:, pp. 368–369, 597, 601, 809, 816, 819–820, 913.
620:
when he decided to take over personal command of the
2200:"Tenth Army's New Importance: The Caucasus Threat".
1937:"Occupation of Germany: British Zone Taking Shape".
3259:
3206:
3180:
3154:
3080:
2935:
2825:
2770:
2730:
1461:. The former was believed to have been formed from
1192:, and commanded the Anglo-American landings during
3293:Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War II
2425:
3108:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force
2275:The British Army 1939–45 (1): North-West Europe
1951:
1664:
1662:
1477:(defence of Assam, Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa),
593:. The final army formed during the war was the
960:Egypt, Italian Libya, Tunisia, Italy, Austria
3134:
2710:
2021:(Supplement). 26 December 1941. p. 7369.
1745:
563:co-operation resulted in the creation of the
496:
8:
3308:United Kingdom in World War II-related lists
2339:. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
1860:"Badge, Formation, 1st Allied Airborne Army"
1842:
1756:
1754:
2447:Gould, Robert W.; Proud, Edward B. (1983).
3303:Lists of British Army units and formations
3141:
3127:
3119:
2717:
2703:
2695:
2449:History of the British Army Postal Service
2179:
836:UK, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany
647:
503:
489:
474:Lists of British Army units and formations
17:
1196:. The army was disbanded on 20 May 1945.
2364:The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940
2226:
1999:
1802:
1629:
1563:
539:. An army would also control additional
39:French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
2470:Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign
1983:
1967:
1590:
1556:
1446:
1305:wrote that the insignia was based on a
1241:created and maintained the ruse of the
374:
331:
257:
199:
108:
70:
38:
31:
2679:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military.
2122:from the original on 16 September 2021
2102:
1846:
1826:
1798:
1641:
1523:The original deployment plan, for the
844:Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine
760:France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany
2069:from the original on 18 February 2022
1918:from the original on 14 February 2022
1892:from the original on 13 February 2022
1866:from the original on 14 February 2022
1830:
1814:
1768:from the original on 14 February 2022
1762:"Badge, Formation, British 14th Army"
1721:
1676:from the original on 13 February 2022
1614:
628:forces from multiple nations. At the
7:
2604:The War Against Japan: The Surrender
2337:The Oxford Companion to World War II
2313:The Army Medical Services, Campaigns
2214:
2175:
2163:
1987:
1971:
1955:
659:
656:
653:
535:, which in turn controlled numerous
2196:. No. 49162. 17 February 1942.
2149:"New Army Command in Persia-Iraq".
618:all forces based in the Middle East
2957:Allied Land Forces South East Asia
2145:. No. 49101. 5 December 1941.
1429:intended that the Fourteenth Army
1152:Second British Expeditionary Force
1146:Second British Expeditionary Force
1060:Egypt, British India (notionally)
848:Western Allied invasion of Germany
772:Western Allied invasion of Germany
711:Second British Expeditionary Force
574:The first army-level command, the
14:
2296:. London: Arms and Armour Press.
2204:. No. 49323. 25 August 1942.
2153:. No. 49322. 24 August 1942.
2141:"New Ninth Army in Middle East".
1514:, the inter-allied supreme staff.
1314:. The army fought throughout the
597:, which was created in May 1945.
1115:
1083:
1027:
997:
953:
873:
829:
793:
753:
22:
2442:– via Archive Foundation.
2383:from the original on 2014-12-05
2369:History of the Second World War
2092:. No. 50207. 30 July 1945.
1941:. No. 50167. 13 June 1945.
1004:Cyprus, Palestine, Transjordan
804:Invasion of French North Africa
608:when he was chosen to lead the
583:John Vereker, the Viscount Gort
417:Territorial Force Units in 1908
2677:Auchinleck: The Lonely Soldier
1431:would conduct a combat landing
1255:First United States Army Group
428:Territorial Army units in 2012
242:Royal Armoured Corps regiments
1:
2333:Foot, Michael Richard Daniell
1817:, pp. 455, 507, 514–515.
1670:"Badge, Formation, 12th Army"
404:Yeomanry Regiments converted-
2063:"Badge, Formation, 8th Army"
1912:"Badge, Formation, 2nd Army"
1886:"Badge, Formation, 1st Army"
1124:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1006:
1003:
996:
991:
986:
962:
959:
952:
947:
942:
932:
929:
926:
923:
918:
908:
905:
902:
897:
892:
882:
879:
872:
865:
858:
838:
835:
828:
823:
818:
802:
799:
792:
787:
782:
762:
759:
752:
747:
742:
730:
727:
724:
719:
714:
694:
691:
688:
683:
678:
50:Armies, corps, and divisions
2782:British Expeditionary Force
2548:India's Most Dangerous Hour
2192:"Commander of Tenth Army".
1952:Brayley & Chappell 2001
1226:military government in the
1140:British Expeditionary Force
1134:British Expeditionary Force
675:British Expeditionary Force
630:Second Battle of El Alamein
576:British Expeditionary Force
3324:
3103:First Allied Airborne Army
1273:until the end of the war.
1186:general officer commanding
1181:First Allied Airborne Army
1175:First Allied Airborne Army
739:First Allied Airborne Army
616:was commander-in-chief of
589:that reported only to the
565:First Allied Airborne Army
98:Second Boer War formations
3093:Allied Force Headquarters
2967:British Army of the Rhine
2254:. London: Penguin Books.
1974:, pp. 486, 912, 915.
1746:Jackson & Gleave 2004
1387:Allied invasion of Sicily
1099:
1067:
1041:
1011:
981:
972:Allied invasion of Sicily
937:
913:
887:
853:
813:
777:
737:
709:
673:
531:that controlled multiple
391:Royal Artillery Batteries
247:Royal Artillery regiments
82:Formations during the era
3162:Commands and Army Groups
2675:Warner, Philip (2006) .
1833:, pp. 276, 299–301.
1512:Combined Chiefs of Staff
1301:sixteen days later. The
1204:The headquarters of the
386:Commands and Army groups
3226:Commonwealth and Empire
2600:Kirby, Stanley Woodburn
2584:The Reconquest of Burma
2520:; et al. (2004) .
2492:Holt, Thaddeus (2004).
2118:. Imperial War Museum.
2065:. Imperial War Museum.
1914:. Imperial War Museum.
1888:. Imperial War Museum.
1862:. Imperial War Museum.
1764:. Imperial War Museum.
1672:. Imperial War Museum.
1500:South East Asia Command
1228:British occupation zone
964:Western Desert campaign
764:Operation Market Garden
638:Jewish Infantry Brigade
359:Generals and brigadiers
348:Serving senior officers
2762:Allied Armies in Italy
2602:; et al. (1969).
2180:Gould & Proud 1983
1829:, pp. 72, 76–77;
1324:British Troops Austria
1316:North African Campaign
162:Entrenching battalions
157:Provisional battalions
3155:Higher level commands
2292:Cole, Howard (1973).
1473:contained three; the
1122:British India, Burma
800:UK, Algeria, Tunisia
606:Henry Maitland Wilson
439:Current Reserve Units
93:Crimean War divisions
2927:Western Desert Force
2567:The Decisive Battles
2227:Dear & Foot 2001
2043:on 23 September 2012
2000:Dear & Foot 2001
1803:Dear & Foot 2001
1734:Playfair et al. 2004
1699:Playfair et al. 2004
1695:Playfair et al. 2004
1656:, pp. 437, 473.
1630:Dear & Foot 2001
1581:, pp. 285, 402.
1579:Playfair et al. 2004
1564:Dear & Foot 2001
1542:Western Desert Force
173:Tunnelling companies
3241:(101–308 and named)
1990:, pp. 912–913.
1748:, pp. 222–223.
1736:, pp. 7–8, 30.
1724:, pp. 357–368.
1701:, p. 464–465;
1593:, pp. 169–170.
1566:, pp. 303–306.
1483:North-West Frontier
1471:British Indian Army
1418:British Indian Army
1303:Imperial War Museum
1190:Battle of the Bulge
768:Battle of the Bulge
650:
602:lieutenant-generals
2475:Overlook Hardcover
2018:The London Gazette
1320:located in Austria
1287:South-Eastern Army
1283:Bernard Montgomery
1277:South-Eastern Army
915:South-Eastern Army
704:Dunkirk evacuation
669:Notable campaigns
648:
569:military structure
406:to Royal Artillery
33:British Army lists
3280:
3279:
3116:
3115:
2917:3rd Anti-Aircraft
2912:2nd Anti-Aircraft
2907:1st Anti-Aircraft
2686:978-1-844-15384-8
2651:978-1-84574-068-9
2632:978-1-84574-067-2
2613:978-1-84574-064-1
2557:978-1-84574-061-0
2535:978-1-84574-072-6
2509:978-0-743-25042-9
2484:978-1-585-67075-8
2439:978-0-116-30181-9
2413:978-0-304-35233-3
2346:978-0-19860-446-4
2303:978-0-85368-078-9
2284:978-1-84176-052-0
2269:Brayley, Martin;
2261:978-0-14312-883-0
2231:Kirby et al. 1969
1843:Army Almanac 1950
1787:Kirby et al. 1962
1707:Kirby et al. 1965
1703:Kirby et al. 1969
1654:Kirby et al. 1965
1644:, pp. 26–27.
1603:Kirby et al. 1958
1538:Winston Churchill
1211:Tunisian Campaign
1194:Operation Varsity
1131:
1130:
968:Tunisian campaign
840:Normandy campaign
808:Tunisian campaign
696:Battle of Belgium
666:Locations served
614:Claude Auchinleck
513:
512:
3315:
3236:Infantry (1–100)
3143:
3136:
3129:
3120:
3032:Northern Ireland
2719:
2712:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2671:
2655:
2636:
2617:
2595:
2578:
2561:
2539:
2522:Butler, J. R. M.
2518:Jackson, William
2513:
2488:
2460:
2443:
2431:
2417:
2404:Cassell Military
2391:
2389:
2388:
2359:Butler, J. R. M.
2355:Ellis, Lionel F.
2350:
2324:
2307:
2288:
2265:
2234:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2039:. Archived from
2029:
2023:
2022:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1986:, pp. 2–3;
1981:
1975:
1965:
1959:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1758:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1525:Territorial Army
1521:
1515:
1496:
1490:
1463:Northern Command
1451:
1416:Formed from the
1391:Province of Pola
1358:. As the German
1239:Scottish Command
1156:national redoubt
1119:
1112:
1107:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1054:
1049:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1001:
994:
989:
976:Italian campaign
957:
950:
945:
921:
906:UK (notionally)
900:
895:
880:UK (notionally)
877:
868:
861:
833:
826:
821:
797:
790:
785:
757:
750:
745:
732:Battle of France
722:
717:
700:Battle of France
692:France, Belgium
686:
681:
660:Ceased to exist
651:
523:created several
517:Second World War
505:
498:
491:
200:Second World War
189:Cavalry generals
146:Reserve Brigades
27:
26:
18:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3255:
3251:Special Service
3202:
3176:
3150:
3147:
3117:
3112:
3076:
3052:South East Asia
3042:Persia and Iraq
2931:
2821:
2766:
2726:
2723:
2693:
2687:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2620:
2614:
2598:
2581:
2564:
2558:
2542:
2536:
2516:
2510:
2491:
2485:
2463:
2446:
2440:
2420:
2414:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2353:
2347:
2327:
2310:
2304:
2291:
2285:
2268:
2262:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2229:, p. 137;
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1982:
1978:
1966:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1845:, p. 503;
1841:
1837:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1709:, p. xiii.
1697:, p. 402;
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1508:Royal Air Force
1497:
1493:
1467:Eastern Command
1452:
1448:
1443:
1426:Fourteenth Army
1414:
1412:Fourteenth Army
1403:
1376:
1344:
1332:
1295:
1279:
1271:order of battle
1263:
1251:Fortitude North
1236:
1219:
1202:
1177:
1148:
1136:
1110:
1105:
1101:Fourteenth Army
1078:
1073:
1052:
1047:
1022:
1017:
992:
987:
948:
943:
919:
898:
893:
869:
866:
862:
859:
824:
819:
788:
783:
748:
743:
720:
715:
684:
679:
654:Formation name
646:
591:11th Army Group
587:Fourteenth Army
509:
478:
473:
464:
448:
432:
421:
410:
405:
395:
368:
352:
343:Senior officers
325:
309:
283:
251:
235:
193:
184:Generals killed
177:
166:
150:
134:
109:First World War
102:
86:
64:
55:Generals killed
21:
12:
11:
5:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:British Indian
3228:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3193:British Indian
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2672:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2596:
2579:
2562:
2556:
2540:
2534:
2514:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2465:Hesketh, Roger
2461:
2444:
2438:
2428:Grand Strategy
2418:
2412:
2392:
2351:
2345:
2325:
2308:
2302:
2289:
2283:
2271:Chappell, Mike
2266:
2260:
2248:Beevor, Antony
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2233:, p. 276.
2219:
2207:
2184:
2182:, p. 163.
2178:, p. 25;
2168:
2156:
2133:
2107:
2095:
2080:
2054:
2024:
2004:
2002:, p. 895.
1992:
1976:
1960:
1958:, p. 535.
1954:, p. 16;
1944:
1929:
1903:
1877:
1851:
1835:
1819:
1807:
1805:, p. 130.
1801:, p. 26;
1791:
1789:, p. 466.
1779:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1711:
1687:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1632:, p. 130.
1619:
1617:, p. 358.
1607:
1605:, p. 193.
1595:
1583:
1568:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1529:
1516:
1491:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1435:British Malaya
1413:
1410:
1402:
1399:
1375:
1372:
1360:1942 offensive
1343:
1340:
1331:
1328:
1294:
1291:
1278:
1275:
1262:
1259:
1235:
1232:
1218:
1215:
1201:
1198:
1176:
1173:
1147:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:Burma campaign
1123:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:Burma campaign
1091:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
995:
990:
985:
979:
978:
961:
958:
951:
946:
944:September 1941
941:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
917:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
896:
891:
885:
884:
881:
878:
871:
864:
857:
851:
850:
837:
834:
827:
822:
817:
811:
810:
801:
798:
791:
786:
781:
775:
774:
761:
758:
751:
746:
741:
735:
734:
729:
726:
723:
718:
713:
707:
706:
693:
690:
687:
682:
680:September 1939
677:
671:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
645:
642:
511:
510:
508:
507:
500:
493:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
477:
476:
469:
466:
465:
463:
462:
457:
451:
449:
447:
446:
441:
435:
433:
431:
430:
424:
422:
420:
419:
413:
411:
409:
408:
400:
397:
396:
394:
393:
388:
382:
377:
376:
372:
371:
370:
369:
367:
366:
361:
355:
353:
351:
350:
345:
339:
334:
333:
329:
328:
327:
326:
324:
323:
318:
312:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
286:
284:
282:
281:
276:
271:
265:
260:
259:
255:
254:
253:
252:
250:
249:
244:
238:
236:
234:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
207:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:
194:
192:
191:
186:
180:
178:
176:
175:
169:
167:
165:
164:
159:
153:
151:
149:
148:
143:
137:
135:
133:
132:
127:
122:
116:
111:
110:
106:
105:
104:
103:
101:
100:
95:
89:
87:
85:
84:
78:
73:
72:
68:
67:
66:
65:
63:
62:
57:
52:
46:
41:
40:
36:
35:
29:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3320:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Anti-aircraft
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:South Eastern
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Anti-Aircraft
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:Army Groups (
2729:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2473:. Woodstock:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:Fraser, David
2393:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2166:, p. 24.
2165:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2105:, p. 99.
2104:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1849:, p. 24.
1848:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:, p. 2;
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1688:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1481:(security of
1480:
1479:North Western
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1341:
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1230:in Germany.|
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1111:November 1945
1106:November 1943
1102:
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1018:February 1942
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988:December 1941
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920:December 1941
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527:. There were
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71:Victorian era
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3198:Commonwealth
3166:
2922:Commonwealth
2772:
2676:
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2641:
2622:
2603:
2583:
2566:
2547:
2525:
2498:. New York:
2494:
2469:
2448:
2427:
2422:Gibbs, N. H.
2399:
2385:. Retrieved
2363:
2336:
2312:
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2251:
2222:
2210:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2171:
2159:
2150:
2142:
2136:
2126:16 September
2124:. Retrieved
2110:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:the original
2036:
2027:
2016:
2007:
1995:
1984:Hesketh 2000
1979:
1968:Hesketh 2000
1963:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1854:
1838:
1822:
1810:
1794:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1741:
1729:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1649:
1637:
1610:
1598:
1591:Hesketh 2000
1586:
1559:
1532:
1519:
1494:
1449:
1433:to liberate
1422:Eastern Army
1415:
1406:Twelfth Army
1404:
1401:Twelfth Army
1379:Twelfth Army
1377:
1374:Twelfth Army
1362:entered the
1356:Soviet Union
1352:Persian Gulf
1345:
1333:
1296:
1280:
1264:
1237:
1220:
1203:
1178:
1149:
1137:
1079:January 1946
1069:Twelfth Army
1043:Twelfth Army
626:
599:
595:Twelfth Army
573:
525:field armies
521:British Army
514:
211:Field armies
210:
120:Field armies
15:
3067:West Africa
3022:Middle East
2982:East Africa
2544:Kirby, S.W.
2103:Warner 2006
2073:13 February
2047:13 February
2013:"No. 35397"
1922:13 February
1896:13 February
1870:13 February
1847:Beevor 2019
1827:Fraser 1999
1799:Fraser 1999
1772:13 February
1680:13 February
1642:Fraser 1999
1485:), and the
1299:Eighth Army
1293:Eighth Army
1243:Fourth Army
1234:Fourth Army
1223:Second Army
1217:Second Army
1163:operations
1034:Iran, Iraq
993:August 1945
939:Eighth Army
855:Fourth Army
815:Second Army
744:August 1944
622:Eighth Army
515:During the
455:Cadet Force
316:Present-day
3287:Categories
2936:Commands (
2842:I Airborne
2817:Fourteenth
2402:. London:
2387:2022-02-13
2377:1087882503
2240:References
1831:Ellis 1954
1815:Gibbs 1976
1722:Ellis 1954
1615:Ellis 1954
1504:Royal Navy
1459:Fifth Army
1455:Third Army
1348:Tenth Army
1342:Tenth Army
1336:Ninth Army
1330:Ninth Army
1266:Sixth Army
1261:Sixth Army
1206:First Army
1200:First Army
1023:April 1943
1013:Tenth Army
983:Ninth Army
889:Sixth Army
779:First Army
612:. General
610:Ninth Army
553:army group
549:logistical
533:army corps
529:formations
3260:Deception
3181:Divisions
3098:Deception
3037:Palestine
3002:GHQ India
2977:Cyrenaica
2952:Aldershot
2668:609866362
2575:769331015
2457:923083834
2398:(1999) .
2329:Dear, Ian
2250:(2019) .
2215:Holt 2004
2202:The Times
2194:The Times
2176:Cole 1973
2164:Cole 1973
2151:The Times
2143:The Times
2090:The Times
1988:Holt 2004
1972:Holt 2004
1956:Crew 1962
1939:The Times
1552:Citations
1441:Footnotes
1312:Red Cross
949:July 1945
870:Feb 1945
863:Mar 1944
825:June 1945
820:June 1943
784:July 1942
721:June 1940
716:June 1940
663:Insignia
545:engineers
541:artillery
537:divisions
460:Equipment
321:Nicknames
279:Fencibles
258:Regiments
231:Deception
221:Divisions
130:Divisions
3216:Airborne
3208:Brigades
3072:Western
3062:Southern
3047:Scottish
3027:Northern
2997:Far East
2771:Armies (
2592:34499119
2500:Scribner
2467:(2000).
2424:(1976).
2381:Archived
2357:(1954).
2335:(2001).
2321:71735137
2273:(2001).
2120:Archived
2067:Archived
1916:Archived
1890:Archived
1864:Archived
1766:Archived
1674:Archived
1487:Southern
1457:and the
1368:Assyrian
1364:Caucasus
1307:crusader
1160:Brittany
1074:May 1945
1053:May 1945
1048:May 1943
867:Nov 1943
860:Jun 1943
789:May 1943
749:May 1945
685:May 1940
657:Created
634:brigades
444:Barracks
332:Officers
226:Brigades
141:Brigades
3272:British
3188:British
3012:Malaya
2987:Eastern
2826:Corps (
2812:Twelfth
2524:(ed.).
2361:(ed.).
1475:Eastern
1395:Sumatra
1370:style.
1354:to the
1247:Tindall
728:France
649:Armies
580:General
557:command
305:in 2008
300:in 1962
295:in 1881
290:in 1800
269:Cavalry
3267:Allied
3246:Mobile
3167:Armies
3007:London
2797:Eighth
2792:Second
2683:
2666:
2648:
2629:
2610:
2590:
2573:
2554:
2532:
2506:
2481:
2455:
2436:
2410:
2375:
2343:
2319:
2300:
2281:
2258:
1506:, and
1165:Aerial
1090:Burma
644:Armies
561:allied
547:, and
519:, the
60:Awards
3172:Corps
3081:Other
3017:Malta
2992:Egypt
2972:Burma
2807:Tenth
2802:Ninth
2787:First
1383:Crete
1281:When
1169:Cycle
924:1942
555:or a
375:Other
216:Corps
125:Corps
3088:ABDA
2947:Aden
2938:list
2897:XIII
2872:VIII
2828:list
2773:list
2757:21st
2752:18th
2747:15th
2742:11th
2733:list
2681:ISBN
2664:OCLC
2646:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2608:ISBN
2588:OCLC
2571:OCLC
2552:ISBN
2530:ISBN
2504:ISBN
2479:ISBN
2453:OCLC
2434:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2373:OCLC
2341:ISBN
2317:OCLC
2298:ISBN
2279:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2198:and
2147:and
2128:2021
2075:2022
2049:2022
1924:2022
1898:2022
1872:2022
1774:2022
1682:2022
1346:The
1334:The
1221:The
1179:The
1167:and
1138:The
1063:N/A
1037:N/A
1007:N/A
933:N/A
927:N/A
909:N/A
903:N/A
899:1945
894:1943
883:N/A
725:N/A
689:N/A
274:Foot
2902:XXX
2892:XII
2867:VII
2852:III
1420:'s
1158:in
930:UK
3289::
2887:XI
2877:IX
2857:IV
2847:II
2502:.
2477:.
2406:.
2379:.
2367:.
2331:;
2035:.
2015:.
1753:^
1714:^
1661:^
1622:^
1571:^
1424:,
1326:.
1171:.
974:,
970:,
966:,
846:,
842:,
806:,
770:,
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698:,
624:.
543:,
3142:e
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2940:)
2882:X
2862:V
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2775:)
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2689:.
2670:.
2654:.
2635:.
2616:.
2594:.
2577:.
2560:.
2538:.
2512:.
2487:.
2459:.
2416:.
2390:.
2349:.
2323:.
2306:.
2287:.
2264:.
2130:.
2077:.
2051:.
1926:.
1900:.
1874:.
1776:.
1684:.
1544:.
504:e
497:t
490:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
