3039:
3164:
989:
2470:
3085:
3046:
2915:
2627:
2424:
2753:
2712:
2865:
2872:
1665:
3007:
2968:
3792:
3753:
3714:
1180:
2552:
2509:
3211:
2586:
1552:
2673:
2634:
2593:
2794:
2705:
2833:
2908:
3567:
3453:
3403:
3355:
3275:
3078:
2746:
1613:
2353:
3000:
2392:
2027:
1658:
2431:
1508:
2225:
881:
3431:
305:
682:
3228:
3486:
1212:
3783:
3339:
1119:
2183:
2135:
1982:
1933:
1887:
1845:
917:
1280:
2502:
1052:
813:
520:
2271:
3552:
2385:
1428:
1752:
3176:
2545:
418:
2264:
1745:
1559:
2666:
2346:
1792:
253:
2084:
2091:
1838:
488:
3649:
3499:
2961:
2787:
1975:
1360:
1246:
3744:
206:
2176:
1926:
781:
714:
163:
120:
3705:
3629:
3388:
1394:
953:
2034:
2128:
642:
1606:
598:
1314:
345:
1799:
2463:
2218:
1501:
2826:
847:
3258:
1880:
26:
3870:
was never entirely hereditary; rather, ancestry was only one of the factors that determined the succession of kings. During the 10th to 13th centuries, the king was formally elected by the leading nobility in the realm, continuing the
Frankish tradition. Gradually the election became the privilege of
3859:, to emphasize their universal rule even before becoming emperor. This title remained until the end of the Empire in 1806, though after 1508 emperors-elect added "king in Germany" to their titles. (Note: in this and related entries, the kings are called
565:", used in the Holy Roman Empire, was, from the coronation of Henry II, considered equivalent to King of Germany. A king was chosen by the German electors and would then proceed to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope.
3916:
onwards, all emperors did not get crowned by the Pope anymore. At the same time, chosen successors of the emperors held the title of king of the Romans, if elected by the college of electors during their predecessor's
3908:
was the first king to bear the title of emperor-elect. After his march to Rome for his
Imperial coronation failed in 1508, he had himself proclaimed emperor-elect with papal consent. His successor
3163:
3038:
6286:
988:
3839:. A reference to the "Germans", indicating the emergence of a German nation of some sort, did not appear until the eleventh century, when the pope referred to his enemy
2469:
4385:
His abdication was announced by the
Chancellor on 9 November, and the Emperor went into exile in the Netherlands. He did not formally abdicate until 28 November.
5715:
4463:
3169:
3084:
3045:
6296:
2423:
2626:
2914:
4417:
18:
This article is about monarchs ruling over
Germany after the 843 Treaty of Verdun. For ancient German/Germanic kings before the treaty, see
6291:
6281:
3899:
2752:
58:
2864:
2711:
2456:
Son of
Frederick III; King of Germany under his father, 1486–1493; assumed the title "Elected Emperor" in 1508 with the pope's approval
66:
5605:
3992:
1179:
6078:
6058:
6038:
5708:
5648:
4357:
3210:
2871:
2718:
2558:
2398:
3006:
2967:
2704:
2585:
2534:
Grandson of
Maximilian I; brother of Charles V; King of Germany under his brother Charles V 1531–1556; last king to be crowned in
1664:
1551:
6083:
6073:
6043:
5930:
3905:
2947:
2759:
2679:
2437:
1644:
1591:
1539:
1366:
1346:
1252:
6103:
6053:
5895:
5339:
4456:
3948:
3913:
3791:
3752:
3713:
3470:
2921:
2515:
1186:
1058:
6161:
6123:
6118:
6098:
5999:
5277:
4494:
3943:
3091:
3052:
2878:
2040:
6176:
2907:
3566:
3452:
3402:
3354:
2551:
2508:
6250:
6113:
6108:
6088:
6063:
6048:
6028:
5984:
5861:
5856:
5191:
5185:
5073:
3909:
3731:
3013:
2974:
2800:
2672:
2633:
2599:
2592:
2476:
2231:
1893:
1619:
819:
787:
6306:
6093:
6068:
5989:
5915:
5866:
5851:
5846:
5701:
4985:
3840:
2839:
2793:
2745:
2640:
1938:
1543:
1218:
853:
720:
688:
3446:
3077:
2832:
5925:
5890:
5841:
4394:
4329:
3982:
3274:
2999:
1612:
1320:
995:
648:
3886:, Venerable Emperor of the Romans) until crowned by the pope. Moving to Italy, he was usually first crowned with the
2026:
1657:
6217:
6133:
6016:
6005:
5578:
4449:
4238:
3268:
3221:
3199:
2097:
6276:
6245:
6226:
6207:
5974:
5167:
3975:
3963:
3692:
3613:
3536:
2495:
Grandson of
Maximilian I; died 21 September 1558. Last Emperor to receive the imperial coronation from the Pope.
2166:
2067:
2391:
6185:
6011:
5629:
4224:
4205:
4185:
4165:
4145:
4125:
4082:
4062:
4042:
3987:
3420:
3251:
3204:
3193:
2430:
2352:
2140:
880:
3245:
2224:
5806:
4372:
Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche
Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich. 3. Auflage,
3912:
also assumed that title after his coronation in 1520 until he was crowned emperor by the pope in 1530. From
3430:
2188:
1507:
526:
681:
6166:
5935:
3887:
3372:
1804:
1400:
1211:
19:
4077:
6301:
5952:
5900:
5872:
4200:
3953:
3782:
3338:
3227:
1565:
1124:
887:
1118:
304:
1279:
916:
6198:
6152:
6033:
5963:
5940:
5910:
3323:
3279:
2942:
2358:
2107:
1671:
1648:
1595:
1433:
907:
4352:(= Schriften zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus in Thüringen. H. 15) Wartburg Verlag, Weimar 2000,
3485:
2501:
2182:
2134:
1981:
1932:
1886:
1844:
5979:
5969:
5957:
5795:
5766:
5751:
5737:
5383:
4991:
4107:
3876:
2287:
2241:
2149:
2050:
1903:
1850:
1757:
1700:
1696:
519:
423:
369:
334:
311:
259:
168:
87:
1051:
5994:
5885:
5822:
5786:
4160:
4023:
3958:
3867:
3856:
3541:
3377:
3328:
3180:
3111:
2075:
1988:
1917:
959:
672:
632:
562:
38:
3638:
3551:
2384:
2270:
1427:
4247:. p. 4. "Der wahltag ist nicht überliefert... er fallt vielmehr zwischen 12. und 24. mai 919".
812:
5827:
5756:
5678:
5673:
5666:
5611:
5216:
4472:
4413:
4407:
4373:
4353:
4312:
4287:
4097:
4017:
3571:
3457:
3407:
3359:
2544:
2313:
1859:
1828:
1783:
1751:
1465:
417:
211:
205:
62:
3882:
In the Middle Ages, the king did not assume the title "emperor" (from 982 the full title was
6022:
5920:
5800:
5746:
5552:
4486:
4243:
3821:
3175:
3032:
Son of Maria
Theresa I and Francis I; King of Germany under his mother and father 1764–1765
2535:
2277:
2263:
1744:
1575:
1285:
624:
493:
455:
282:
242:
230:
191:
187:
125:
50:
4264:
Medieval
Europeans: studies in ethnic identity and national perspectives in medieval Europe
2665:
2345:
1827:
According to some historians, Adolf's election was preceded by the short-lived kingship of
1791:
5879:
5771:
5761:
5083:
4482:
4012:
3970:
3851:, in order to brand him as a foreigner. The kings reacted by consistently using the title
3618:
3475:
2083:
1813:
1558:
923:
350:
252:
238:
148:
1837:
487:
5905:
5836:
5812:
5507:
4220:
4180:
4140:
4120:
4057:
4037:
3938:
3872:
3439:
3263:
3216:
2960:
2786:
2090:
1974:
1359:
1245:
1152:
751:
604:
42:
4244:
Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Herrschern aus dem Sæchsischen Hause, 919-1024
3743:
3648:
3498:
6270:
6236:
5537:
5495:
5453:
3895:
2071:
1341:
294:
195:
70:
5781:
5732:
5531:
5519:
5513:
5489:
5483:
5417:
5065:
5003:
4971:
4911:
4899:
4762:
4718:
3796:
3757:
3718:
3653:
3523:
3503:
2175:
1925:
1089:
713:
546:
234:
162:
119:
34:
3704:
3628:
3387:
1393:
952:
5946:
5660:
5560:
5525:
5471:
5459:
5441:
5429:
5405:
5159:
4905:
4869:
4809:
4750:
4102:
2197:
2127:
1954:
1629:
1514:
943:
152:
4332:
on 28 March 1849, but refused the crown on 28 April 1849. Manfred Botzenhart:
2033:
1605:
1313:
6255:
5621:
5465:
5447:
5423:
5363:
5345:
5325:
5136:
5130:
4962:
4839:
4821:
4756:
4695:
4682:
4653:
4608:
4565:
4542:
3848:
3771:
3153:
780:
385:
344:
4346:
Anlage II: Additional-Akte zu dem Entwurf der Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs
2163:
Son of Charles IV; king of Germany under his father 1376–1378; deposed 1400;
5501:
5477:
5319:
5289:
5271:
5259:
5106:
5088:
5009:
4997:
4941:
4833:
4774:
4709:
4690:
4672:
4664:
4291:
2462:
2217:
1879:
1681:
1524:
1500:
628:
286:
1798:
1016:
King of Germany under his father, 1099–1105, forced his father to abdicate
641:
2825:
846:
597:
6142:
5588:
5570:
5411:
5399:
5331:
5313:
5307:
5295:
5283:
5265:
5235:
5177:
5142:
5118:
5112:
5078:
4887:
4881:
4875:
4857:
4851:
4845:
4786:
4726:
4618:
4613:
4581:
4575:
4531:
4507:
1998:
1766:
3114:
1804–1835; President of the German Confederation (1815-1835), died 1835
5653:
5435:
5393:
5357:
5351:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5229:
5223:
5148:
5124:
5098:
5032:
5026:
4979:
4935:
4929:
4863:
4827:
4815:
4803:
4780:
4738:
4732:
4634:
4628:
4521:
3817:
3257:
3232:
54:
5693:
5640:
5374:
5301:
5203:
5197:
5044:
5038:
4744:
290:
4441:
25:
5597:
5209:
4923:
4917:
4893:
4768:
4645:
4600:
4274:
4272:
1968:
Grandson of Rudolf I; rival king to Frederick the Fair, 1314–1322
24:
3816:
The Kingdom of Germany started out as the eastern section of the
5050:
4947:
5697:
4445:
3824:
in 843. The rulers of the eastern area thus called themselves
4409:
The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I
2858:
Son of Leopold I; King of Germany under his father 1690–1705
3781:
3742:
3703:
3627:
4334:
Deutscher Parlamentarismus in der Revolutionszeit 1848–1850
4368:
4366:
2064:
Grandson of Henry VII; rival king to Louis IV, 1346–1347;
29:
German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000
3110:
Son of Leopold II; Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire; also
293:, from 882 in the entire Eastern Kingdom; from 879, also
1077:
He was Lothair II of Germany, but Lothair III of Italy
669:
Otto by the grace of God King under his father 961–973;
2417:
4th in descent from Albert I; 2nd cousin of Albert II
3925:. Rival kings, anti-kings, and junior co-regents are
2317:
1873:
Son of Rudolf I; Rival king to Adolf of Nassau, 1298
1713:
1469:
1093:
1026:
755:
572:
459:
389:
91:
4266:
By Alfred P. Smyth, Palgrave Macmillan (1998), p. 64
631:; crowned as Otto by the grace of God King; crowned
6235:
6216:
6197:
6175:
6151:
6132:
5821:
5780:
5731:
5639:
5620:
5596:
5587:
5569:
5551:
5382:
5373:
5176:
5158:
5097:
5064:
5019:
4970:
4961:
4796:
4717:
4708:
4681:
4663:
4644:
4599:
4541:
4506:
2946:. Great-great-grandson of Ferdinand II; Husband of
982:King of Italy, 1093–1098, 1095–1101 in rebellion.
840:King (of the Germans?) under his father 1028–1039
1144:Previously rival king to Lothair III 1127–1135
4350:150 Jahre Erfurter Unionsparlament (1850–2000)
4336:. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1977, pp. 697/698.
3898:. After this, he would ride on to Rome and be
2301:Nephew of Charles IV; rival king to Sigismund
707:Son of Otto II; Otto by the grace of God King
5709:
4457:
1339:Great grandson of Lothair III, member of the
8:
6287:Lists of political office-holders in Germany
3835:("king of the East Franks"), and later just
2620:King of Germany under his father, 1575–1576
1453:King of Germany under his father, 1237–1250
1421:King of Germany under his father, 1220–1235
980:King of Germany under his father, 1087–1098,
874:King of Germany under his father, 1054–1056
4395:Germany - Britannica Educational Publishing
3170:Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine
2739:King of Germany under his father 1636–1637
2579:King of Germany under his father 1562–1564
1239:King of Germany under his father 1169–1190
1173:King of Germany under his father 1147–1150
5716:
5702:
5694:
5593:
5379:
4967:
4714:
4660:
4464:
4450:
4442:
3480:(Friedrich Wilhelm IV., König von Preußen)
1303:Son of Frederick I; rival king to Otto IV
1142:Grandson of Henry IV (through his mother);
518:
33:This is a list of monarchs who ruled over
4406:Terjanian, Pierre, ed. (2 October 2019).
4305:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789
4280:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789
4259:
4257:
4255:
4253:
3671:
3589:
3546:(Franz Joseph I., Kaiser von Österreich)
3299:
3129:
2020:associate king with Louis IV, 1325–1330
1387:Rival king to Otto IV until 5 July 1215
5186:List of legendary kings of the Lombards
4004:
1273:King of Germany under his father, 1196
4348:. In: Thüringer Landtag Erfurt (ed.):
4309:Reform und Restauration 1789 bis 1830.
4284:Reform und Restauration 1789 bis 1830.
3890:, after which he assumed the title of
3879:formally defined election proceedings.
942:Rival king to Henry IV; member of the
906:Rival king to Henry IV; member of the
623:Son of Henry I; first king crowned in
3586:North German Confederation, 1867–1871
3382:(Ferdinand I., Kaiser von Österreich)
3126:Confederation of the Rhine, 1806–1813
3071:Son of Maria Theresa I and Francis I
545:Rival king to Henry I, member of the
7:
5674:List of legendary kings of the Geats
4315:, Stuttgart 1967, pp. 625–627, 808.
1703:relinquished claims 1275, died 1284
1699:held no authority; later opposed by
5606:List of legendary kings of Denmark
2018:rival king to Louis IV, 1314–1322;
1695:Grandson of Philip; rival king to
1542:and great-great-great grandson of
1349:; deposed, 1215; died 19 May 1218
14:
5649:List of legendary kings of Sweden
3425:(Erzherzog Johann von Österreich)
3333:(Franz I., Kaiser von Österreich)
2780:King of Germany under his father
3790:
3751:
3712:
3647:
3565:
3550:
3497:
3484:
3451:
3429:
3401:
3386:
3353:
3337:
3273:
3256:
3226:
3209:
3174:
3162:
3083:
3076:
3044:
3037:
3005:
2998:
2966:
2959:
2913:
2906:
2870:
2863:
2831:
2824:
2792:
2785:
2751:
2744:
2710:
2703:
2671:
2664:
2632:
2625:
2591:
2584:
2550:
2543:
2507:
2500:
2468:
2461:
2429:
2422:
2390:
2383:
2351:
2344:
2269:
2262:
2223:
2216:
2181:
2174:
2133:
2126:
2089:
2082:
2032:
2025:
1980:
1973:
1931:
1924:
1885:
1878:
1843:
1836:
1797:
1790:
1750:
1743:
1663:
1656:
1611:
1604:
1557:
1550:
1506:
1499:
1426:
1392:
1358:
1312:
1278:
1244:
1210:
1178:
1117:
1050:
987:
951:
915:
879:
845:
811:
779:
712:
680:
640:
596:
486:
416:
343:
303:
251:
204:
161:
118:
6297:Early modern history of Germany
3993:List of monarchs of Württemberg
3949:List of German monarchs in 1918
3777:Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert
3738:Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl
3296:German Confederation, 1815–1866
1831:. See his article for details.
806:Great-great-grandson of Otto I
4412:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3944:Family tree of German monarchs
3623:(Wilhelm I, König von Preußen)
2211:Great-grandnephew of Louis IV
1:
4622:
4589:
4585:
4569:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4525:
4512:
4498:
4490:
4376:, Stuttgart 1988, S. 750/751.
4360:, S. 27–44, here pp. 185–187.
2376:4th in descent from Albert I;
321:
275:
135:
3884:Imperator Augustus Romanorum
3344:Head of the presiding power
569:Ottonian dynasty (continued)
6292:Medieval history of Germany
6282:Lists of monarchs in Europe
4330:Frankfurt National Assembly
3983:List of monarchs of Prussia
3644:North German Confederation
3557:Head of the presiding power
3447:revolutionary German Empire
3393:Head of the presiding power
2993:Husband of Maria Theresa I
557:Holy Roman Empire, 962–1806
6325:
6218:North German Confederation
6134:Confederation of the Rhine
5579:List of monarchs of Frisia
3871:a group of princes called
3269:Confederation of the Rhine
3222:Confederation of the Rhine
2311:
1855:(Albrecht I. von Habsburg)
1463:
1087:
749:
739:Great-grandson of Henry I
726:(Heinrich II. der Heilige)
453:
383:
85:
17:
5168:List of kings of Burgundy
4479:
4096:Enumerated after Emperor
3976:List of rulers of Bavaria
3964:List of rulers of Austria
3833:rex Francorum orientalium
3820:, which was split by the
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3496:
3483:
3469:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3121:Modern Germany, 1806–1918
2954:
2901:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2121:Rival king to Charles IV
2103:(Günther von Schwarzburg)
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1353:
1307:
1192:(Friedrich I. Barbarossa)
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
675:in his father's lifetime
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
6186:Archduke John of Austria
5630:Petty kingdoms of Norway
4239:Böhmer, Johann Friedrich
4225:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4206:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4186:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4166:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4146:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4126:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4083:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4063:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4043:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3988:List of rulers of Saxony
3831:("king of the Franks"),
3699:Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig
3668:German Empire, 1871–1918
3421:Archduke John of Austria
3194:Karl Theodor von Dalberg
2698:Grandson of Ferdinand I
2378:son-in-law of Sigismund
2323:
2193:(Ruprecht von der Pfalz)
2189:Rupert of the Palatinate
1762:(Rudolf I. von Habsburg)
1719:
1651:held no real authority.
1475:
893:(Rudolf von Rheinfelden)
511:Elected by the nobility
498:(Heinrich I. der Vogler)
441:Elected by the nobility
112:
4485:(ca. 3,000 BC–500 AD),
3921:Emperors are listed in
2950:, daughter of Joseph I
2098:Günther von Schwarzburg
4326:Emperor of the Germans
3888:Iron Crown of Lombardy
3786:
3747:
3708:
3632:
3516:Presidium of the Union
3492:Emperor of the Germans
1994:(Friedrich der Schöne)
1677:(Alfons von Kastilien)
1625:(Richard von Cornwall)
1290:(Philipp von Schwaben)
1187:Frederick I Barbarossa
265: (Karl der Dicke)
46:
30:
20:List of Frankish kings
5656:(9th–12th centuries)
4493:300–538 AD), and the
4038:"Ludwig der Deutsche"
3954:List of German queens
3863:, for clarity's sake)
3785:
3746:
3707:
3631:
3246:Eugène de Beauharnais
3198:Prince-Archbishop of
3157:Emperor of the French
2819:Son of Ferdinand III
2778:Son of Ferdinand III;
2659:Son of Maximilian II
2618:Son of Maximilian II;
1571:(Wilhelm von Holland)
1464:Further information:
1205:Nephew of Conrad III
1023:Supplinburger dynasty
888:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
212:Louis III the Younger
131:(Ludwig der Deutsche)
77:East Francia, 843–962
28:
6199:German Confederation
6153:German Confederation
5608:(7th–10th centuries)
4303:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
4278:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
3471:Frederick William IV
2943:House of Wittelsbach
2737:Son of Ferdinand II;
2165:also by inheritance
1829:Conrad, Duke of Teck
1451:Son of Frederick II;
1419:Son of Frederick II;
1084:Hohenstaufen dynasty
333:Illegitimate son of
317:(Arnulf von Kärnten)
216:(Ludwig der Jüngere)
6307:Monarchy in Germany
5738:Carolingian dynasty
5725:Monarchs of Germany
5194:(5th-6th centuries)
5188:(3rd-4th centuries)
4992:Theodoric the Great
4108:Charles II the Bald
3877:Golden Bull of 1356
2577:Son of Ferdinand I;
2145:(Wenzel von Böhmen)
1697:Richard of Cornwall
1620:Richard of Cornwall
1345:; later opposed by
1237:Son of Frederick I;
654:(Otto II. der Rote)
610:(Otto I. der Große)
370:Arnulf of Carinthia
312:Arnulf of Carinthia
260:Charles III the Fat
126:Louis II the German
88:Carolingian dynasty
82:Carolingian dynasty
5823:Kingdom of Germany
5787:Kingdom of Germany
4181:"Ludwing das Kind"
4024:Louis I of Germany
3959:Emperor of Austria
3868:Kingdom of Germany
3857:king of the Romans
3787:
3748:
3709:
3633:
3542:Emperor of Austria
3378:Emperor of Austria
3329:Emperor of Austria
3112:Emperor of Austria
3065:30 September 1790
3062:30 September 1790
2987:13 September 1745
2984:13 September 1745
2283:(Jobst von Mähren)
2257:Son of Charles IV
2076:Holy Roman Emperor
2011:28 September 1322/
1989:Frederick the Fair
1950:(Ludwig der Bayer)
1918:Holy Roman Emperor
1809:(Adolf von Nassau)
1710:Changing dynasties
1672:Alfonso of Castile
1649:Alfonso of Castile
1643:Brother-in-law of
1566:William of Holland
1234:28 September 1197
1171:Son of Conrad III;
1068:13 September 1125
939:28 September 1088
929:(Hermann von Salm)
721:Henry II the Saint
633:Holy Roman Emperor
563:King of the Romans
494:Henry I the Fowler
351:Louis IV the Child
129:
39:Kingdom of Germany
31:
6264:
6263:
6190:
6189:(Imperial Regent)
5828:Holy Roman Empire
5757:Louis the Younger
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5679:King of the Goths
5632:(6th–9th century)
5612:King of the Wends
5547:
5546:
5060:
5059:
4957:
4956:
4704:
4703:
4495:Germanic Iron Age
4473:Germanic monarchs
4419:978-1-58839-674-7
4374:Kohlhammer Verlag
4313:Kohlhammer Verlag
4288:Kohlhammer Verlag
4098:Charles the Great
4018:Louis I of France
3808:
3807:
3804:28 November 1918
3778:
3739:
3700:
3665:
3664:
3624:
3583:
3582:
3572:Habsburg-Lorraine
3547:
3531:29 November 1850
3481:
3465:20 December 1849
3458:Habsburg-Lorraine
3426:
3408:Habsburg-Lorraine
3383:
3360:Habsburg-Lorraine
3334:
3293:
3292:
3118:
3117:
3098:
3059:
3029:20 February 1790
3020:
2981:
2928:
2897:Son of Leopold I
2885:
2846:
2807:
2766:
2731:15 February 1637
2728:22 December 1636
2725:
2695:15 February 1637
2686:
2647:
2606:
2568:22 November 1562
2565:
2522:
2483:
2447:16 February 1486
2444:
2405:
2364:
2314:House of Habsburg
2305:
2304:
2284:
2246:10 September 1410
2238:
2194:
2146:
2104:
2061:29 November 1378
2047:
2005:5 September 1325
1995:
1951:
1908:27 November 1308
1900:
1856:
1810:
1772:29 September 1273
1763:
1707:
1706:
1678:
1626:
1572:
1535:16 February 1247
1521:
1466:Interregnum (HRE)
1457:
1456:
1439:
1407:
1406:(Heinrich (VII.))
1382:26 December 1250
1379:22 November 1220
1373:
1327:
1291:
1259:
1225:
1193:
1159:
1139:15 February 1152
1130:
1081:
1080:
1065:
1020:
1019:
1002:
965:
930:
894:
872:Son of Henry III;
869:31 December 1105
860:
838:Son of Conrad II;
832:25 December 1046
826:
797:8 September 1024
794:
743:
742:
727:
695:
655:
611:
554:
553:
533:
532:(Arnulf der Böse)
499:
447:
446:
429:
380:Conradine dynasty
377:
376:
365:24 September 911
356:
355:(Ludwig das Kind)
318:
266:
241:; from 880, also
217:
194:; from 876, also
174:
132:
63:Holy Roman Empire
47:Regnum Teutonicum
6314:
6277:Kings in Germany
6188:
5747:Louis the German
5718:
5711:
5704:
5695:
5594:
5380:
4968:
4715:
4661:
4624:
4591:
4587:
4571:
4558:
4554:
4549:
4527:
4514:
4500:
4492:
4487:Migration Period
4466:
4459:
4452:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4403:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4361:
4343:
4337:
4322:
4316:
4301:
4295:
4276:
4267:
4261:
4248:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4209:. 22 March 2024.
4197:
4191:
4190:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4117:
4111:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4086:. 22 March 2024.
4074:
4068:
4067:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4034:
4028:
4009:
3861:kings of Germany
3845:rex teutonicorum
3822:Treaty of Verdun
3818:Frankish kingdom
3794:
3776:
3755:
3737:
3716:
3698:
3672:
3651:
3622:
3590:
3569:
3560:(Präsidialmacht)
3554:
3545:
3537:Francis Joseph I
3501:
3488:
3479:
3455:
3433:
3424:
3405:
3396:(Präsidialmacht)
3390:
3381:
3357:
3347:(Präsidialmacht)
3341:
3332:
3300:
3284:26 October 1813
3277:
3260:
3240:26 October 1813
3230:
3213:
3188:19 October 1813
3178:
3166:
3130:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3057:
3048:
3041:
3018:
3009:
3002:
2979:
2970:
2963:
2937:20 January 1745
2934:24 January 1742
2931:24 January 1742
2926:
2917:
2910:
2894:20 October 1740
2891:12 October 1711
2888:12 October 1711
2883:
2874:
2867:
2849:23 January 1690
2844:
2835:
2828:
2805:
2796:
2789:
2764:
2755:
2748:
2724:(Ferdinand III.)
2723:
2714:
2707:
2684:
2675:
2668:
2645:
2636:
2629:
2615:20 January 1612
2612:12 October 1576
2609:27 October 1575
2604:
2595:
2588:
2574:12 October 1576
2564:(Maximilian II.)
2563:
2554:
2547:
2536:Aachen Cathedral
2520:
2511:
2504:
2481:
2472:
2465:
2453:12 January 1519
2450:4 February 1508
2442:
2433:
2426:
2408:2 February 1440
2404:(Friedrich III.)
2403:
2394:
2387:
2373:27 October 1439
2362:
2355:
2348:
2318:
2308:Habsburg dynasty
2282:
2278:Jobst of Moravia
2273:
2266:
2254:9 December 1437
2236:
2227:
2220:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2112:30 January 1349
2102:
2093:
2086:
2045:
2036:
2029:
2016:Son of Albert I;
2013:13 January 1330
2003:19 October 1314/
1993:
1984:
1977:
1965:11 October 1347
1962:17 January 1328
1959:20 October 1314
1949:
1935:
1928:
1898:
1889:
1882:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1773:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1714:
1676:
1667:
1660:
1634:13 January 1257
1624:
1615:
1608:
1586:28 January 1256
1570:
1561:
1554:
1520:(Heinrich Raspe)
1519:
1510:
1503:
1470:
1437:
1430:
1405:
1396:
1385:Son of Henry VI;
1376:5 December 1212
1371:
1362:
1333:21 October 1209
1325:
1316:
1289:
1286:Philip of Swabia
1282:
1271:Son of Henry VI;
1257:
1248:
1223:
1214:
1191:
1182:
1158:(Heinrich (VI.))
1157:
1128:
1121:
1094:
1074:4 December 1137
1063:
1054:
1027:
1014:Son of Henry IV;
1000:
991:
978:Son of Henry IV;
963:
955:
928:
919:
903:15 October 1080
892:
883:
858:
849:
824:
815:
792:
783:
756:
725:
716:
704:21 January 1002
698:25 December 983
693:
684:
661:25 December 967
653:
644:
625:Aachen Cathedral
609:
605:Otto I the Great
600:
573:
531:
522:
502:14 / 24 May 919
497:
490:
460:
456:Ottonian dynasty
450:Ottonian dynasty
438:23 December 918
432:10 November 911
427:
420:
390:
354:
347:
324:27 November 887
323:
316:
307:
283:Louis the German
278:17 November 887
277:
272:12 February 881
264:
255:
231:Louis the German
215:
208:
188:Louis the German
172:
165:
151:and grandson of
137:
130:
122:
92:
6324:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6231:
6212:
6193:
6171:
6147:
6128:
5995:Frederick (III)
5826:
5817:
5785:
5776:
5772:Louis the Child
5762:Charles the Fat
5736:
5727:
5722:
5692:
5683:
5635:
5616:
5583:
5565:
5543:
5386:
5369:
5192:Lething Dynasty
5172:
5154:
5093:
5056:
5015:
4953:
4792:
4700:
4677:
4659:
4640:
4595:
4551:
4545:
4537:
4510:
4502:
4475:
4470:
4440:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4371:
4364:
4344:
4340:
4323:
4319:
4302:
4298:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4251:
4237:
4233:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4095:
4091:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4013:Louis the Pious
4010:
4006:
4001:
3971:King of Bavaria
3935:
3900:crowned emperor
3813:
3795:
3775:
3756:
3736:
3723:1 January 1871
3717:
3697:
3670:
3661:1 January 1871
3652:
3643:
3639:Bundespräsidium
3621:
3619:King of Prussia
3617:
3588:
3579:24 August 1866
3570:
3558:
3544:
3540:
3517:
3502:
3478:
3476:King of Prussia
3474:
3456:
3444:
3423:
3406:
3394:
3380:
3376:
3358:
3331:
3327:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3267:
3249:
3231:
3220:
3202:
3197:
3179:
3158:
3156:
3128:
3123:
3095:
3056:
3026:18 August 1765
3017:
2990:18 August 1765
2978:
2925:
2882:
2843:
2804:
2779:
2765:(Ferdinand IV.)
2763:
2738:
2722:
2692:28 August 1619
2689:28 August 1619
2685:(Ferdinand II.)
2683:
2644:
2619:
2603:
2578:
2562:
2528:27 August 1556
2525:5 January 1531
2519:
2480:
2443:(Maximilian I.)
2441:
2414:19 August 1493
2402:
2377:
2361:
2316:
2310:
2298:8 January 1411
2292:1 October 1410
2281:
2247:
2235:
2202:21 August 1400
2191:
2167:King of Bohemia
2164:
2160:20 August 1400
2143:
2101:
2068:King of Bohemia
2065:
2044:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2004:
1992:
1948:
1943:
1914:24 August 1313
1899:(Heinrich VII.)
1897:
1853:
1807:
1805:Adolf of Nassau
1771:
1760:
1712:
1675:
1623:
1580:3 October 1247
1569:
1518:
1468:
1462:
1452:
1436:
1420:
1404:
1386:
1372:(Friedrich II.)
1370:
1324:
1288:
1272:
1258:(Friedrich II.)
1256:
1238:
1228:15 August 1169
1222:
1190:
1172:
1156:
1143:
1127:
1092:
1086:
1062:
1025:
1015:
1005:6 January 1099
999:
981:
979:
962:
927:
924:Hermann of Salm
891:
873:
857:
839:
835:5 October 1056
825:(Heinrich III.)
823:
791:
754:
748:
724:
692:
670:
668:
664:7 December 983
652:
649:Otto II the Red
617:2 February 962
608:
571:
559:
530:
527:Arnulf the Evil
496:
458:
452:
426:
388:
382:
359:8 December 899
353:
330:8 December 899
315:
269:20 January 882
263:
226:20 January 882
214:
171:
149:Louis the Pious
147:Son of Emperor
128:
90:
84:
79:
55:Frankish Empire
23:
12:
11:
5:
6322:
6321:
6318:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6269:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6242:
6240:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6208:Franz Joseph I
6204:
6202:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6182:
6180:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5896:Lothair II/III
5893:
5888:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5833:
5831:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5803:
5798:
5792:
5790:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5698:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5667:House of Munsö
5664:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5626:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5602:
5600:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5575:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5557:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5508:Childebert III
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5390:
5388:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5343:
5337:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5182:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5146:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
4976:
4974:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4800:
4798:
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4438:External links
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3939:German Emperor
3934:
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3847:, king of the
3812:
3811:Note on titles
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3636:Holder of the
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3520:Unionsvorstand
3513:
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3511:28 April 1849
3509:
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3264:Prince-primate
3261:
3254:
3250:Grand Duke of
3242:
3241:
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3217:Prince-primate
3214:
3207:
3203:Grand Duke of
3190:
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3159:King of Italy
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3021:
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2521:(Ferdinand I.)
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2365:
2363:(Albrecht II.)
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1679:
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1647:rival king to
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1589:Rival King to
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1538:Rival King to
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1231:15 April 1191
1229:
1226:
1224:(Heinrich VI.)
1215:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1183:
1175:
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1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:30 March 1147
1160:
1153:Henry Berengar
1149:
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1088:Main article:
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904:
901:
898:
897:15 March 1077
895:
884:
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875:
870:
867:
866:21 March 1084
864:
861:
859:(Heinrich IV.)
850:
842:
841:
836:
833:
830:
829:14 April 1028
827:
816:
808:
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804:
801:
800:26 March 1027
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759:Seal/Portrait
752:Salian dynasty
750:Main article:
747:
746:Salian dynasty
744:
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737:
734:
733:26 April 1014
731:
728:
717:
709:
708:
705:
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699:
696:
685:
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667:Son of Otto I;
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144:28 August 876
142:
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138:10 August 843
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111:
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95:Seal/Portrait
86:Main article:
83:
80:
78:
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65:in 1806 until
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6320:
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6308:
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6303:
6300:
6298:
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6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6251:Frederick III
6249:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6237:German Empire
6234:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6205:
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6200:
6196:
6187:
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6181:
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6177:German Empire
6174:
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6105:
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6080:
6079:Ferdinand III
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Maximilian II
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6039:Frederick III
6037:
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5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5539:
5538:Childeric III
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5496:Theuderic III
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5454:Childebert II
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5414:(481/482–511)
5413:
5410:
5408:(457–481/482)
5407:
5404:
5402:(445/448–457)
5401:
5398:
5396:(428–445/448)
5395:
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4358:3-86160-515-5
4355:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:2nd edition,
4310:
4306:
4300:
4297:
4294:1967, p. 589.
4293:
4289:
4286:2nd edition,
4285:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4005:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3896:king of Italy
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3853:rex Romanorum
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3801:15 June 1888
3800:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3765:15 June 1888
3764:
3762:9 March 1888
3761:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3733:Friedrich III
3730:
3729:
3726:9 March 1888
3725:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3673:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3591:
3585:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:28 March 1849
3507:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3462:12 July 1848
3461:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:12 July 1848
3414:
3412:2 March 1835
3411:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:2 March 1835
3366:
3364:20 June 1815
3363:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3301:
3295:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3237:25 July 1806
3236:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:12 July 1806
3184:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3131:
3125:
3120:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:1 March 1792
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:(Leopold II.)
3055:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:18 July 1658
2812:
2810:18 July 1658
2809:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2734:2 April 1657
2733:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2719:Ferdinand III
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2653:13 June 1612
2652:
2650:13 June 1612
2649:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:25 July 1564
2570:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2559:Maximilian II
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2531:25 July 1564
2530:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2489:28 June 1519
2488:
2486:28 June 1519
2485:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2399:Frederick III
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2324:Coat of arms
2319:
2315:
2307:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:10 June 1376
2153:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:King of Italy
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:5 April 1355
2057:
2055:11 July 1346
2054:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:29 June 1312
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1864:24 June 1298
1863:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1824:23 June 1298
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:First of the
1781:
1779:15 July 1291
1778:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1720:Coat of arms
1715:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1686:1 April 1257
1685:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1640:2 April 1272
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1476:Coat of arms
1471:
1467:
1459:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1342:House of Welf
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1300:21 June 1208
1299:
1296:
1294:8 March 1198
1293:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:10 June 1190
1201:
1199:18 June 1155
1198:
1196:4 March 1152
1195:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1168:August? 1150
1167:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1133:7 March 1138
1132:
1129:(Konrad III.)
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:(Lothar III.)
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1028:
1022:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:(Heinrich V.)
998:
997:
993:
990:
986:
985:
977:
975:27 July 1101
974:
971:
968:
966:
961:
957:
954:
950:
949:
945:
941:
938:
935:
932:
926:
925:
921:
918:
914:
913:
909:
905:
902:
899:
896:
890:
889:
885:
882:
878:
877:
871:
868:
865:
863:17 July 1054
862:
856:
855:
851:
848:
844:
843:
837:
834:
831:
828:
822:
821:
817:
814:
810:
809:
805:
802:
799:
796:
790:
789:
785:
782:
778:
777:
757:
753:
745:
738:
736:13 July 1024
735:
732:
729:
723:
722:
718:
715:
711:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
691:
690:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
671:also crowned
666:
663:
660:
657:
651:
650:
646:
643:
639:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
616:
613:
607:
606:
602:
599:
595:
594:
574:
568:
566:
564:
556:
550:
548:
544:
541:
538:
535:
529:
528:
524:
521:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:
480:
461:
457:
449:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
425:
422:
419:
415:
414:
410:
391:
387:
379:
373:
371:
367:
364:
361:
358:
352:
349:
346:
342:
341:
338:
336:
332:
329:
327:25 April 896
326:
320:
314:
313:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
296:
295:King of Italy
292:
288:
284:
280:
274:
271:
268:
262:
261:
257:
254:
250:
249:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
222:
220:22 March 880
219:
213:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
197:
196:King of Italy
193:
189:
185:
183:22 March 880
182:
179:
176:
170:
167:
164:
160:
159:
156:
154:
150:
146:
143:
140:
134:
127:
124:
121:
117:
116:
93:
89:
81:
76:
74:
72:
71:German Empire
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
27:
21:
16:
6302:East Francia
6084:Ferdinand IV
6074:Ferdinand II
6044:Maximilian I
6021:
6004:
5962:
5947:Henry (VIII)
5945:
5931:Frederick II
5886:Conrad (III)
5878:
5871:
5805:
5782:East Francia
5733:East Francia
5724:
5659:
5532:Theuderic IV
5520:Chilperic II
5514:Dagobert III
5490:Childeric II
5484:Chlothar III
5418:Childebert I
5384:Merovingians
5334:
5215:
5066:Anglo-Saxons
5004:Amalasuintha
4900:Chindasuinth
4763:Theodoric II
4572:9 BCE–18 CE)
4550:9 BCE–37 CE,
4515:9 BCE–21 CE)
4481:Attested in
4423:. Retrieved
4408:
4401:
4390:
4381:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4320:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4283:
4279:
4263:
4242:
4234:
4223:
4215:
4204:
4195:
4184:
4175:
4164:
4155:
4144:
4135:
4124:
4115:
4101:
4092:
4081:
4072:
4061:
4052:
4041:
4032:
4022:
4016:
4007:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3906:Maximilian I
3902:by the pope.
3891:
3883:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3797:Hohenzollern
3770:
3758:Hohenzollern
3732:
3719:Hohenzollern
3693:
3658:1 July 1867
3654:Hohenzollern
3637:
3559:
3528:26 May 1849
3524:Erfurt Union
3519:
3504:Hohenzollern
3491:
3437:
3395:
3346:
3345:
3104:5 July 1792
3101:5 July 1792
3090:
3051:
3019:(Joseph II.)
3012:
2973:
2948:Maria Amalia
2941:
2920:
2877:
2838:
2806:(Leopold I.)
2799:
2775:9 July 1654
2769:31 May 1653
2760:Ferdinand IV
2758:
2717:
2680:Ferdinand II
2678:
2639:
2605:(Rudolf II.)
2598:
2557:
2514:
2475:
2438:Maximilian I
2436:
2397:
2276:
2230:
2208:18 May 1410
2169:; died 1419
2118:24 May 1349
2096:
2039:
1987:
1945:the Bavarian
1944:
1939:
1892:
1670:
1645:Frederick II
1618:
1592:Frederick II
1590:
1564:
1540:Frederick II
1529:22 May 1246
1513:
1448:21 May 1254
1438:(Konrad IV.)
1416:2 July 1235
1399:
1367:Frederick II
1365:
1347:Frederick II
1340:
1330:9 June 1198
1319:
1253:Frederick II
1251:
1217:
1185:
1151:
1090:Hohenstaufen
1071:4 June 1133
1057:
1011:23 May 1125
994:
969:30 May 1087
958:
922:
886:
852:
818:
803:4 June 1039
793:(Konrad II.)
786:
730:7 June 1002
719:
687:
647:
603:
560:
547:Luitpoldings
525:
310:
258:
235:East Francia
67:the collapse
59:the collapse
51:the division
35:East Francia
32:
15:
6239:(1871–1918)
6220:(1867–1871)
6201:(1850–1866)
6179:(1848/1849)
6167:Ferdinand I
6155:(1815–1848)
6136:(1806–1813)
6104:Charles VII
6054:Ferdinand I
5936:Henry (VII)
5911:Frederick I
5661:Ynglingatal
5561:Agilolfings
5526:Chlothar IV
5472:Sigebert II
5460:Chlothar II
5442:Chilperic I
5430:Charibert I
5406:Childeric I
5217:Interregnum
5160:Burgundians
5109:(until 406)
4906:Recceswinth
4870:Reccared II
4810:Theudigisel
4751:Theodoric I
4528:9 BCE–9 CE)
4221:"Konrad I."
4103:Charlemagne
4078:"Louis III"
4011:His father
3914:Ferdinand I
3892:rex Italiae
3576:1 May 1850
3373:Ferdinand I
3280:Beauharnais
3097:(Franz II.)
2927:(Karl VII.)
2922:Charles VII
2852:5 May 1705
2845:(Joseph I.)
2816:5 May 1705
2516:Ferdinand I
2251:3 May 1433
2237:(Sigismund)
2198:Wittelsbach
2108:Schwarzburg
1955:Wittelsbach
1870:1 May 1308
1818:5 May 1292
1630:Plantagenet
1515:Henry Raspe
1460:Interregnum
1410:April 1220
1059:Lothair III
944:Salm family
701:21 May 996
694:(Otto III.)
658:26 May 961
614:2 July 936
561:The title "
508:2 July 936
428:(Konrad I.)
153:Charlemagne
57:in 843 and
6271:Categories
6256:William II
6143:Napoleon I
6124:Francis II
6119:Leopold II
6099:Charles VI
6012:Wenceslaus
6000:Charles IV
5906:Henry (VI)
5901:Conrad III
5830:(962–1806)
5825:within the
5735:during the
5622:Norwegians
5466:Dagobert I
5448:Sigebert I
5424:Chlothar I
5364:Desiderius
5346:Hildeprand
5326:Aripert II
5137:Thrasamund
5131:Gunthamund
4963:Ostrogoths
4860:( 610-612)
4840:Reccared I
4822:Athanagild
4797:Post-Balti
4757:Thorismund
4696:Vithimiris
4683:Greuthungi
4654:Radagaisus
4609:Ariovistus
4566:Maroboduus
4543:Marcomanni
4307:. Vol. I:
4282:. Vol. I:
4241:. (1893).
4201:"Louis IV"
4121:"Karl III"
3927:italicized
3875:, and the
3772:Wilhelm II
3200:Regensburg
3154:Napoleon I
3092:Francis II
3053:Leopold II
2980:(Franz I.)
2884:(Karl VI.)
2879:Charles VI
2646:(Matthias)
2538:. Emperor
2288:Luxembourg
2242:Luxembourg
2150:Luxembourg
2141:Wenceslaus
2051:Luxembourg
2046:(Karl IV.)
2041:Charles IV
1904:Luxembourg
1598:1247–1254
1326:(Otto IV.)
1125:Conrad III
620:7 May 973
386:Conradines
173:(Karlmann)
37:, and the
6246:William I
6227:William I
6162:Francis I
6114:Joseph II
6109:Francis I
6089:Leopold I
6064:Rudolf II
6049:Charles V
6034:Albert II
6029:Sigismund
5985:Henry VII
5941:Conrad IV
5862:Henry III
5857:Conrad II
5789:(919–962)
5784:(911–919)
5740:(843–911)
5540:(737–751)
5534:(721–737)
5528:(717–719)
5522:(715–721)
5516:(711–715)
5510:(695–711)
5504:(691–695)
5502:Clovis IV
5498:(675–691)
5492:(673–675)
5486:(657–673)
5480:(639–657)
5478:Clovis II
5474:(639–656)
5468:(623–639)
5462:(584–629)
5456:(575–595)
5450:(561–575)
5444:(561–584)
5438:(561–593)
5432:(561–567)
5426:(511–561)
5420:(511–558)
5387:(428–751)
5366:(756–774)
5360:(749–756)
5354:(744–749)
5342:(712–744)
5340:Liutprand
5328:(702–712)
5320:Raginpert
5316:(700–702)
5310:(689–700)
5298:(688–689)
5292:(671–688)
5290:Perctarit
5280:(662–671)
5274:(661–662)
5272:Perctarit
5268:(661–662)
5262:(653–661)
5260:Aripert I
5256:(652–653)
5250:(636-652)
5244:(626–636)
5238:(616–626)
5232:(590–616)
5226:(584–590)
5220:(574–584)
5212:(572–574)
5206:(568–572)
5200:(546–565)
5151:(530–534)
5145:(523–530)
5139:(496–523)
5133:(484–496)
5127:(477–484)
5121:(428–477)
5115:(407–428)
5107:Godigisel
5089:Wuffingas
5074:Genealogy
5053:(551-553)
5047:(541-552)
5035:(540-541)
5029:(536-540)
5020:Post-Amal
5012:(534-536)
5010:Theodahad
5006:(534-535)
5000:(526-534)
4998:Athalaric
4994:(475-526)
4988:(469-475)
4986:Theodemir
4982:(447-469)
4950:(714-721)
4944:(711-714)
4942:Achila II
4938:(710-712)
4932:(694-710)
4926:(687-702)
4920:(680-687)
4914:(672-680)
4908:(649-672)
4902:(642-653)
4896:(639-642)
4890:(636-639)
4884:(631-636)
4878:(621-631)
4866:(612-621)
4854:(603-610)
4848:(601-603)
4842:(586-601)
4836:(568-586)
4834:Liuvigild
4830:(567-572)
4824:(554-567)
4818:(549-554)
4812:(548-549)
4806:(531-548)
4789:(522-531)
4783:(507-513)
4777:(484-507)
4775:Alaric II
4771:(466-484)
4765:(453-466)
4759:(451-453)
4753:(418-451)
4747:(415-418)
4735:(410-415)
4729:(395-410)
4710:Visigoths
4691:Ermanaric
4673:Athanaric
4665:Thervingi
4637:(448-456)
4631:(438-448)
4522:Segimerus
4483:Antiquity
4292:Stuttgart
4058:"Karlman"
3999:Footnotes
3917:lifetime.
3910:Charles V
3829:Francorum
3694:Wilhelm I
3678:Portrait
3614:Wilhelm I
3596:Portrait
3522:) of the
3324:Francis I
3306:Portrait
3252:Frankfurt
3205:Frankfurt
3181:Bonaparte
3136:Portrait
3014:Joseph II
2975:Francis I
2801:Leopold I
2600:Rudolf II
2482:(Karl V.)
2477:Charles V
2359:Albert II
2232:Sigismund
1894:Henry VII
1784:Habsburgs
1596:Conrad IV
1525:Thuringia
1434:Conrad IV
908:Rheinfeld
820:Henry III
788:Conrad II
629:Lothair I
576:Portrait
393:Portrait
287:Alemannia
285:ruled in
233:ruled in
190:ruled in
73:in 1918:
6094:Joseph I
6069:Matthias
5990:Louis IV
5980:Albert I
5970:Rudolf I
5916:Henry VI
5867:Henry IV
5852:Henry II
5847:Otto III
5796:Conrad I
5752:Carloman
5571:Frisians
5412:Clovis I
5400:Merovech
5332:Ansprand
5314:Liutpert
5308:Cunipert
5296:Cunipert
5284:Garibald
5278:Grimoald
5266:Godepert
5236:Adaloald
5178:Lombards
5143:Hilderic
5119:Gaiseric
5113:Gunderic
5079:Iclingas
4888:Chintila
4882:Sisenand
4876:Suintila
4858:Gundemar
4852:Witteric
4846:Liuva II
4787:Amalaric
4727:Alaric I
4625:419-438)
4619:Hermeric
4614:Hunimund
4582:Ballomar
4578:(18 CE-)
4576:Catualda
4532:Arminius
4508:Cherusci
4501:476–793)
4324:Elected
4161:"Arnulf"
4141:"Arnulf"
4015:is both
3933:See also
3873:electors
3841:Henry IV
3562:Austria
3398:Austria
3349:Austria
3287:December
2840:Joseph I
2641:Matthias
2333:Emperor
1999:Habsburg
1940:Louis IV
1860:Habsburg
1851:Albert I
1767:Habsburg
1758:Rudolf I
1732:Emperor
1701:Rudolf I
1544:Henry IV
1488:Emperor
1219:Henry VI
1106:Emperor
1039:Emperor
964:(Konrad)
854:Henry IV
768:Emperor
689:Otto III
585:Emperor
472:Emperor
424:Conrad I
402:Emperor
335:Carloman
169:Carloman
104:Emperor
49:), from
6006:Günther
5964:Alfonso
5958:Richard
5953:William
5926:Otto IV
5891:Henry V
5880:Hermann
5842:Otto II
5801:Henry I
5654:Yngling
5553:Bavaria
5436:Guntram
5394:Chlodio
5358:Aistulf
5352:Ratchis
5254:Rodoald
5248:Rothari
5242:Arioald
5230:Agilulf
5224:Authari
5149:Gelimer
5125:Huneric
5099:Vandals
5033:Ildibad
5027:Vitiges
4980:Valamir
4936:Roderic
4930:Wittiza
4864:Sisebut
4828:Liuva I
4804:Theudis
4781:Gesalec
4739:Sigeric
4733:Athaulf
4635:Rechiar
4629:Rechila
4425:5 March
4328:by the
3849:Germans
3445:of the
3436:Regent
3233:Dalberg
1576:Holland
1321:Otto IV
996:Henry V
673:emperor
635:in 962
368:Son of
281:Son of
243:Bavaria
229:Son of
192:Bavaria
186:Son of
69:of the
61:of the
53:of the
6017:Rupert
5921:Philip
5873:Rudolf
5837:Otto I
5813:Otto I
5807:Arnulf
5767:Arnulf
5641:Swedes
5375:Franks
5302:Alahis
5204:Alboin
5198:Audoin
5084:Wessex
5045:Totila
5039:Eraric
4745:Wallia
4656:(-406)
4534:(9–21)
4416:
4356:
4106:) and
3687:Ended
3684:Began
3681:House
3642:of the
3608:Ended
3605:Began
3602:House
3599:Title
3494:elect
3318:Ended
3315:Began
3312:House
3309:Title
3266:of the
3219:of the
3148:Ended
3145:Began
3142:House
3139:Title
2339:Notes
2336:Ended
2321:Image
1814:Nassau
1738:Notes
1735:Ended
1726:House
1717:Image
1494:Notes
1491:Ended
1482:House
1473:Image
1112:Notes
1109:Ended
1045:Notes
1042:Ended
960:Conrad
774:Notes
771:Ended
627:since
591:Notes
588:Ended
478:Notes
475:Ended
408:Notes
405:Ended
291:Raetia
239:Saxony
110:Notes
107:Ended
6023:Jobst
5975:Adolf
5598:Danes
5589:Norse
5348:(744)
5335:(712)
5322:(701)
5304:(689)
5286:(671)
5210:Cleph
5041:(541)
4924:Egica
4918:Erwig
4912:Wamba
4894:Tulga
4872:(621)
4816:Agila
4769:Euric
4741:(415)
4719:Balti
4646:Goths
4601:Suebi
3675:Name
3593:Name
3303:Name
3289:1813
3133:Name
2330:King
2327:Name
2066:also
1729:King
1723:Name
1692:1275
1485:King
1479:Name
1401:Henry
1336:1215
1268:1197
1262:1197
1103:King
1100:Name
1036:King
1033:Name
765:King
762:Name
582:King
579:Name
469:King
466:Name
399:King
396:Name
101:King
98:Name
43:Latin
5051:Teia
4972:Amal
4948:Ardo
4592:172)
4588:166–
4559:172)
4555:166–
4427:2022
4414:ISBN
4354:ISBN
4021:and
3923:bold
3866:The
2074:and
1594:and
542:921
536:919
3843:as
3837:rex
3826:rex
1942:(V)
481:R.
411:R.
113:R.
6273::
4623:c.
4590:c.
4586:c.
4570:c.
4557:c.
4553:c.
4548:c.
4526:c.
4513:c.
4499:c.
4491:c.
4365:^
4290:,
4271:^
4252:^
4203:.
4183:.
4163:.
4143:.
4123:.
4080:.
4060:.
4040:.
3929:.
3894:,
3855:,
2772:—
2370:—
2295:—
2205:—
2157:—
2115:—
2070:,
2008:—
1867:—
1821:—
1776:—
1689:—
1637:—
1583:—
1532:—
1445:—
1413:—
1297:—
1265:—
1165:—
1136:—
972:—
946:.
936:—
910:.
900:—
539:—
505:—
435:—
362:—
322:c.
289:,
276:c.
237:,
223:—
180:—
141:—
136:c.
45::
5717:e
5710:t
5703:v
4621:(
4584:(
4568:(
4546:(
4524:(
4511:(
4497:(
4489:(
4465:e
4458:t
4451:v
4429:.
4228:.
4189:.
4169:.
4149:.
4129:.
4110:.
4100:(
4066:.
4046:.
4027:.
3616:,
3539:,
3518:(
3473:,
3442:)
3438:(
3375:,
3326:,
3248:,
3196:,
41:(
22:.
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