47:(such as "beef," a prepared food). In contrast, common unfinished equivalents continued to use the native English term (such as "cow," a living animal). This replacement can be explained by the fact that meat was an expensive product at the time and that the lord and nobleman of Norman origin were eating it more often than the commoners, who were raising the livestock. This duality is also mirrored in French, where "beef" is
3461:
3152:
2979:
3096:
3105:
3521:
2994:
3560:
3565:
3363:
3466:
3408:
3478:
3254:
3203:
3089:
105:(from French). Words taken directly from Latin and Ancient Greek are generally perceived as colder, more technical, and more medical or scientific – compare
81:
than words of Old
English origin, and they are considered by some to be more posh, elaborate, sophisticated, or pretentious. However, there are exceptions:
3538:
3490:
3243:
3216:
3420:
3415:
3348:
3325:
3310:
3198:
3128:
3532:
3527:
3495:
3270:
3222:
3208:
3082:
3500:
3473:
3435:
3430:
3353:
3320:
3305:
3280:
3237:
3181:
3113:
3451:
3300:
3287:
3249:
3227:
3192:
3186:
3169:
2984:
3485:
3456:
3425:
3403:
3384:
3368:
3358:
3295:
3275:
3232:
3330:
3133:
3389:
3394:
3122:
2989:
17:
2999:
78:
36:
3174:
414:
215:
172:
63:
44:
3045:
67:
114:
56:
3554:
3066:
33:
2664:
Usage persists to a greater degree in "Ruthless" and to a lesser degree "Ruthful".
2442:
3074:
3023:
2912:
1741:
1435:
432:
400:
387:
342:
325:
293:
261:
248:
201:
158:
145:
40:
2928:
2438:
2372:
2368:
2363:
Survives with a changed meaning, today meaning a short record or explanation.
855:
446:
369:
356:
307:
275:
226:
183:
2959:
2712:
2562:
2224:
2220:
1853:
1283:
843:
573:
43:) words describing finished products were replaced with words borrowed from
2854:
2267:
2252:
74:
but in other cases, such as calf/veal, they come from distinct PIE roots.
2869:
2297:
970:
831:
636:
2884:
2839:
2824:
2770:
2727:
2682:
2624:
2450:
2426:
2282:
2205:
3046:
Transactions and proceedings of the New
Zealand Institute, Volume 34
2944:
2742:
2640:
2543:
2352:
2017:
1935:
908:
738:
2809:
2697:
2587:
121:
List of
English words with dual Old English/Old French variations
30:
list of
English words with dual French and Old English variations
18:
List of
English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations
59:
wordstock, and were eventually passed into the modern language.
32:
lists various
English words with redundant loanwords. After the
3078:
2592:
with the meaning of physician. The former is still used today.
2635:
Today found mostly in "Reaver", meaning robber or highwayman.
2980:
Lists of
English loanwords by country or language of origin
93:(from Old English) occupy a slightly higher register than
77:
Generally, words coming from French often retain a higher
2554:
Glim was an 18th century back-formation from "Glimmer",
2995:
List of
Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
3513:
3444:
3377:
3341:
3263:
3162:
3144:
3112:
2334:Survives in the names of certain plants and fungi.
3067:http://www.translationdirectory.com/article991.htm
2939:Calque of a German translation of the French term
2923:Calque of a German translation of the French term
62:In some cases, these dual variations are distant
55:. These dual words later formed the basis of the
3090:
8:
3049:, (New Zealand Institute., 1902) pp. 135–145
3065:Anglo-Saxon and Latinate Words by M. Birch
1043:wish, will, yearning, longing, want (verb)
3338:
3097:
3083:
3075:
2148:
468:
39:in 1066 many of the more refined English (
2145:Words now obsolete, archaic or dialectal:
3561:Lists of English words of foreign origin
129:
3566:Lists of English words of French origin
3018:Stephan Gramley, Kurt-Michael Pätzold,
3011:
2157:
477:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
2985:List of English words of French origin
2437:Survives in many place names, such as
117:– a modern coinage from Greek roots).
2158:Obsolete, archaic or dialectal words
7:
3153:Indigenous languages of the Americas
25:
2990:Changes to Old English vocabulary
3106:English words of foreign origin
2556:and doesn't predate "Candle".
1233:wholesome, healthy, healthful
1:
3000:Linguistic purism in English
66:, as in cow/beef, both from
3462:with Anglo-Saxon variations
2588:small bloodsucking creature
1587:outspoken, straightforward
3582:
3020:A survey of modern English
2152:Old English origin words
472:Old English origin words
133:Old English origin words
2155:Old French origin words
475:Old French origin words
136:Old French origin words
1046:desire (verb and noun)
678:help, bestand, bestead
2814:calmness, tranquility
1450:comply, obey, observe
1183:awesome, unbelievable
3522:Australian aboriginal
2380:bookstaff, bookstave
1756:egress, exit, depart
1520:to lament, to regret
1236:salutary, salubrious
1163:forebear, forefather
1073:drink (noun + verb)
2586:The meaning of the
2232:atheling, drighten
1681:live, abide, dwell
1447:abide, acknowledge
933:prudence, sagacity
635:uphold, undergird,
109:(Old English) with
68:Proto-Indo-European
37:invasion of England
3022:(Routledge, 2003)
2533:asylum, sanctuary
983:folk, lede (leod)
681:aid, abet, assist
615:fair, fair-haired
483:thinking, mindful
115:classical compound
64:etymological twins
3548:
3547:
3509:
3508:
2971:
2970:
2567:contract, pledge
2142:
2141:
1305:unwilling, loath
1253:daring, boldness
1076:beverage, imbibe
462:
461:
16:(Redirected from
3573:
3339:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3076:
3069:
3063:
3050:
3042:
3025:
3016:
2185:hosen, britches
2179:hosen, britches
2149:
1507:woodland, woods
1355:angry, wrathful
1033:drought, dearth
870:reply, response
814:consider, judge
628:phantom, spirit
469:
451:
450:
437:
436:
419:
418:
405:
404:
392:
391:
374:
373:
361:
360:
347:
346:
330:
329:
312:
311:
298:
297:
280:
279:
266:
265:
253:
252:
231:
230:
220:
219:
206:
205:
188:
187:
177:
176:
163:
162:
150:
149:
130:
21:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3505:
3440:
3373:
3364:Scottish Gaelic
3337:
3259:
3158:
3140:
3108:
3103:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3053:
3043:
3028:
3017:
3013:
3008:
2976:
2126:fort, fortress
1418:lethal, mortal
1116:frail, fragile
821:harbour, haven
448:
447:
434:
433:
416:
415:
402:
401:
398:
389:
388:
371:
370:
367:
358:
357:
344:
343:
340:
327:
326:
309:
308:
295:
294:
277:
276:
263:
262:
259:
250:
249:
228:
227:
217:
216:
203:
202:
185:
184:
174:
173:
160:
159:
156:
147:
146:
123:
60:
51:, but "cow" is
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3051:
3026:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:arm, wantsome
2673:
2670:
2669:arm, wantsome
2666:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:steven, reard
2391:
2388:
2387:steven, reard
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:venom, poison
2193:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:honest, frank
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:feeble, faint
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
997:
994:
990:
989:
987:
984:
980:
979:
977:
974:
967:
966:
964:
961:
957:
956:
954:
951:
947:
946:
944:
941:
937:
936:
934:
931:
927:
926:
924:
921:
917:
916:
914:
911:
904:
903:
901:
898:
894:
893:
891:
888:
887:fall, harvest
884:
883:
881:
878:
874:
873:
871:
868:
864:
863:
861:
858:
852:
851:
849:
846:
840:
839:
837:
834:
828:
827:
825:
822:
818:
817:
815:
812:
808:
807:
805:
802:
798:
797:
795:
794:serf, captive
792:
788:
787:
785:
782:
778:
777:
775:
772:
768:
767:
765:
762:
758:
757:
755:
752:
748:
747:
745:
744:reason, cause
742:
735:
734:
732:
729:
725:
724:
722:
719:
715:
714:
712:
709:
705:
704:
702:
699:
695:
694:
692:
689:
685:
684:
682:
679:
675:
674:
672:
669:
665:
664:
662:
659:
655:
654:
652:
649:
648:smell, stench
645:
644:
642:
639:
632:
631:
629:
626:
622:
621:
619:
616:
612:
611:
609:
606:
602:
601:
599:
596:
592:
591:
589:
586:
582:
581:
579:
576:
570:
569:
567:
564:
560:
559:
557:
554:
550:
549:
547:
544:
540:
539:
537:
534:
530:
529:
527:
524:
520:
519:
517:
514:
510:
509:
507:
504:
500:
499:
497:
494:
490:
489:
487:
484:
480:
479:
476:
473:
460:
459:
457:
443:
428:
427:
425:
411:
383:
382:
380:
353:
321:
320:
318:
304:
289:
288:
286:
272:
244:
243:
241:
212:
197:
196:
194:
169:
141:
140:
137:
134:
122:
119:
57:Middle English
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3578:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3479:musical terms
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3467:pseudo-French
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3409:pseudo-German
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:South African
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2357:use, utility
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:vein, artery
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:requirements
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:warmongering
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:bloodthirsty
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1345:anger, wrath
1344:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:lovely, fair
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:to withstand
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:hopelessness
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:homesickness
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
978:
975:
973:, belongings
972:
969:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:
955:
952:
949:
948:
945:
942:
940:weird, fremd
939:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
918:
915:
912:
910:
906:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
885:
882:
879:
876:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
806:
803:
800:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
779:
776:
773:
770:
769:
766:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
646:
643:
640:
638:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
623:
620:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
568:
565:
562:
561:
558:
555:
553:ask, beseech
552:
551:
548:
545:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
518:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
481:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
458:
455:
452:
444:
441:
438:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
412:
409:
406:
396:
393:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
365:
362:
354:
351:
348:
338:
334:
331:
323:
322:
319:
316:
313:
305:
302:
299:
291:
290:
287:
284:
281:
273:
270:
267:
257:
254:
246:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
224:
221:
213:
210:
207:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
181:
178:
170:
167:
164:
154:
151:
143:
142:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:
31:
27:
19:
3537:
3520:
3242:
3215:
3191:
3151:
3121:
3044:
3019:
3014:
2591:
2555:
2443:Lincolnshire
2144:
2143:
2110:
1865:forbearance
1843:forbid, ban
1638:
1540:remorseless
1487:downtrodden
1408:belligerent
1093:everlasting
595:amaze, stun
585:bring, bear
465:Other words:
464:
463:
453:
439:
421:
407:
394:
376:
363:
349:
336:
332:
314:
300:
282:
268:
255:
237:
233:
222:
208:
190:
179:
165:
152:
125:
124:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
71:
61:
52:
48:
45:Anglo-Norman
29:
26:
3457:expressions
3390:place names
3244:Philippines
2920:waterstuff
2859:oesophagus
2445:, England.
2318:wanderstar
2312:wanderstar
2123:stronghold
2099:maidenhood
1836:decapitate
1796:ridiculous
1786:comprehend
1783:understand
1773:upbringing
1746:preference
1731:foreshadow
1704:literature
1627:clattering
1368:sanguinary
1328:accustomed
1318:deliberate
1186:incredible
1066:somersault
1026:to abandon
1023:to forsake
900:permission
608:dictionary
506:omnipotent
41:Old English
3555:Categories
3539:Polynesian
3491:Portuguese
3175:star names
3006:References
2936:sourstuff
2913:waterstuff
2874:residence
2829:beautiful
2717:surrender
2590:coexisted
2580:physician
2497:forthfare
2494:departure
2491:forthfare
2484:forthgang
2478:forthgang
2439:Scunthorpe
2272:concubine
2102:virginity
2022:attention
1980:suffocate
1803:foreguess
1793:laughable
1742:forechoice
1701:bookcraft
1671:offspring
1577:graveyard
1530:regretful
1490:oppressed
1436:forespeech
1428:indulgent
1425:forgiving
1388:carpentry
1348:ire, rage
1338:beautiful
1308:reluctant
1276:to resist
1216:nostalgia
1206:difficult
1193:erstwhile
1143:betrothal
1006:favourite
950:behaviour
784:to escape
761:knowledge
751:weep, sob
658:hue, blee
516:fraternal
513:brotherly
431:dove (
3421:Old Norse
3416:Norwegian
3395:Australia
3349:Brittonic
3326:Hungarian
3311:Ukrainian
3281:morphemes
3217:Indonesia
3199:Dravidian
3129:Afrikaans
2967:yeartide
2929:sourstuff
2917:hydrogen
2889:creature
2747:complain
2720:overgive
2570:handfast
2481:progress
2403:mountain
2373:bookstave
2369:bookstaff
2257:innocent
2059:handbook
2052:corporal
1940:mutilate
1925:flawless
1915:withtake
1908:marriage
1885:thoughts
1868:patience
1846:prohibit
1721:foretell
1694:conceive
1580:cemetery
1537:ruthless
1480:amicable
1477:friendly
1398:surround
1385:woodwork
1375:windpipe
1256:audacity
1196:previous
1176:intrepid
1173:reckless
1166:ancestor
1156:monarchy
1153:kingship
1146:proposal
1056:distance
1016:valuable
976:property
856:evennight
848:solstice
774:attorney
741:, ground
731:identity
728:selfhood
711:engender
691:purchase
618:blond(e)
605:wordbook
598:astonish
543:sisterly
536:paternal
533:fatherly
526:maternal
523:motherly
503:almighty
413:venison (
386:deer (
364:pouletrie
355:poultry (
341:chicken (
306:mutton (
274:pork (
214:veal (
3528:Hawaiian
3496:Romanian
3378:Germanic
3271:Etruscan
3223:Japanese
3209:Sanskrit
3145:Americas
2974:See also
2960:yeartide
2905:wayfare
2902:journey
2899:wayfare
2862:weasand
2799:declare
2732:reality
2713:overgive
2687:poverty
2563:handfast
2471:forhold
2465:forhold
2431:village
2419:dwimmer
2413:dwimmer
2275:chevese
2260:bilewit
2242:appoint
2225:drighten
2221:atheling
2116:victory
2042:pendant
2039:hanging
1977:smother
1960:chamber
1928:perfect
1918:receive
1905:wedlock
1878:present
1858:preview
1854:forelook
1776:nurture
1766:stomach
1734:presage
1724:predict
1674:progeny
1654:mansion
1610:serpent
1600:verdant
1440:preface
1415:deathly
1378:trachea
1295:hearsay
1288:survive
1284:overlive
1246:painful
1226:despair
1113:brittle
1106:liberty
1103:freedom
1096:eternal
1003:darling
993:forgive
960:uncouth
943:strange
907:seethe,
860:equinox
844:sunstead
804:cordial
781:to flee
764:science
668:blossom
641:support
578:amorous
574:lovesome
556:enquire
546:sororal
486:pensive
445:pigeon (
422:venesoun
368:pullet (
324:hen (
292:sheep (
247:swine (
200:calf (
171:beef (
144:cow (
79:register
3514:Oceania
3501:Spanish
3474:Italian
3436:Yiddish
3431:Swedish
3354:Gaulish
3321:Finnish
3317:Uralic
3306:Russian
3292:Slavic
3238:Persian
3182:Chinese
2964:season
2949:around
2933:oxygen
2877:woning
2855:weasand
2802:quethe
2796:quethe
2775:honour
2645:number
2614:relief
2601:corpse
2548:candle
2468:detain
2406:barrow
2400:barrow
2377:letter
2315:planet
2305:stound
2268:chevese
2253:bilewit
2229:prince
2092:canine
2082:uterus
2072:arrive
2062:manual
2049:bodily
2010:spleen
1950:finish
1833:behead
1806:assume
1714:double
1684:reside
1661:nought
1560:gentle
1547:weapon
1527:rueful
1517:to rue
1510:forest
1500:tavern
1460:severe
1315:wilful
1298:rumour
1263:midday
1243:aching
1136:savage
1086:amount
1063:tumble
1036:famine
1013:worthy
996:pardon
986:people
953:manner
930:wisdom
890:autumn
877:follow
867:answer
801:hearty
791:thrall
771:lawyer
721:ponder
718:wonder
698:belief
671:flower
661:colour
493:kingly
111:biology
3452:French
3445:Italic
3404:German
3342:Celtic
3301:Polish
3288:Romani
3264:Europe
3250:Turkic
3228:Korean
3187:Hebrew
3170:Arabic
3114:Africa
2892:wight
2870:woning
2847:shild
2844:fault
2832:sheen
2788:uncle
2778:mensk
2763:firen
2760:crime
2757:firen
2735:sooth
2702:point
2690:armth
2632:reave
2583:leech
2577:leech
2536:grith
2530:grith
2523:gavel
2517:gavel
2510:frith
2507:peace
2504:frith
2458:ettin
2455:giant
2434:thorp
2416:magic
2390:voice
2345:broil
2342:broil
2328:plant
2298:stound
2290:edder
2213:athel
2210:noble
2198:atter
2192:atter
2182:pants
2161:Notes
2136:count
2032:brush
2029:groom
1990:spoil
1967:stone
1898:marry
1888:ideas
1826:viper
1823:adder
1813:needs
1763:belly
1753:leave
1691:think
1651:house
1637:cook (
1630:noise
1620:flame
1607:snake
1597:green
1567:grave
1557:lithe
1470:enemy
1457:stern
1395:beset
1358:irate
1203:tough
971:owndom
923:chase
897:leave
880:ensue
836:sever
832:sunder
708:beget
701:faith
651:odour
637:upstay
625:ghost
588:carry
566:liege
496:royal
478:notes
408:heorot
399:hart (
377:poulet
157:ox (
139:Notes
126:Foods:
72:gʷōus,
34:Norman
3533:Māori
3486:Latin
3426:Scots
3385:Dutch
3369:Welsh
3359:Irish
3296:Czech
3276:Greek
3233:Malay
3204:Hindi
3193:India
2952:umbe
2885:wight
2840:shild
2825:sheen
2771:mensk
2750:norn
2728:sooth
2683:armth
2672:poor
2661:ruth
2658:pity
2655:ruth
2648:rime
2625:reave
2617:liss
2611:liss
2604:lich
2598:lich
2551:glim
2520:rent
2451:ettin
2427:thorp
2360:note
2339:burn
2331:wort
2325:wort
2302:hour
2283:edder
2245:aset
2239:aset
2206:athel
2133:earl
2109:win (
2079:womb
2069:come
2007:milt
1997:beam
1970:rock
1957:room
1875:gift
1711:twin
1664:zero
1644:chef
1617:fire
1570:tomb
1325:wont
1266:noon
1133:wild
1123:weak
1083:deal
1053:span
963:rude
920:hunt
913:boil
824:port
811:deem
563:lord
454:pijən
350:cicen
315:moton
301:scēap
269:picga
260:pig (
209:cealf
99:brush
91:stone
87:groom
53:vache
3331:Sami
3255:Urdu
3163:Asia
3134:Zulu
2945:umbe
2817:roo
2791:eam
2785:eam
2743:norn
2705:ord
2641:rime
2629:rob
2544:glim
2353:note
2172:eld
2169:age
2166:eld
2111:noun
2089:dog
2018:heed
2000:ray
1987:mar
1947:end
1936:maim
1895:wed
1639:noun
1550:arm
1497:inn
1467:foe
909:plaw
754:cry
739:sake
688:buy
440:dūfe
395:dēor
337:henn
283:porc
256:swīn
238:veal
234:veel
191:boef
180:beof
107:life
103:rock
101:and
89:and
83:weep
49:bœuf
2810:roo
2698:ord
2441:in
333:hen
223:vel
166:oxa
95:cry
3557::
3054:^
3029:^
2371:,
2223:,
2113:)
1641:)
456:)
449:OF
442:)
435:OE
424:)
417:AN
410:)
403:OE
390:OE
379:)
372:OF
359:OF
352:)
345:OE
335:,
328:OE
317:)
310:OF
303:)
296:OE
285:)
278:OF
271:)
264:OE
251:OE
240:)
236:,
229:OF
225:;
218:AN
211:)
204:OE
193:)
186:OF
182:;
175:AN
168:)
161:OE
153:cū
148:OE
97:,
85:,
3098:e
3091:t
3084:v
397:)
366:)
339:)
258:)
155:)
113:(
70:*
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.