National Treasure (Japan)

446:. While the main criteria were "artistic superiority" and "value as historical evidence and wealth of historical associations", the age of the piece was an additional factor. Designated artworks could be from any of the following categories: painting, sculpture, calligraphy, books, and handicrafts. Swords were added later. The law limited protection to items held at religious institutions, while articles in private ownership remained unprotected. Funds designated for the restoration of works of art and structures were increased from 20,000 yen to 150,000 yen, and fines were set for the destruction of cultural properties. Owners were required to register designated objects with newly created museums, which were granted first option of purchase in case of sale. Initially, 44 temple and shrine buildings and 155 relics were designated under the new law, including the 2334: 1998: 635: 899: 2433: 797: 2299: 2445: 714: 2330:

permit, and the agency is to be notified 30 days in advance when repairs are conducted.(§ 43). If requested, owners must supply information, and report to the commissioner of the Agency for Cultural Affairs, regarding the condition of the property (§ 54). If a National Treasure is damaged, the commissioner has the authority to order the owner or custodian to repair the property; if the owner is non-compliant, the commissioner may carry out repairs. If a National Treasure is to be sold, the government retains the first option to buy the item (§ 46). Transfers of National Treasures are generally restrictive, and export is prohibited.

411:, the law established (in 20 articles) government funding for the preservation of buildings and the restoration of artworks. The law applied to architecture and pieces of art relating to an architectural structure, with the proviso that historic uniqueness and exceptional quality were to be established (article 2). Applications for financial support were to be made to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (article 1), and the responsibility for restoration or preservation lay in the hands of local officials (article 3). Restoration works were financed directly from the national coffers (article 3). 959: 251: 2102: 2373: 1831: 1438: 526: 1685: 84: 91: 1341: 77: 1785: 888:

and eminent views on and knowledge of culture." The council may seek support from an investigative commission and eventually prepares a report to the Agency for Cultural Affairs. If they support the nomination, the property is placed on the registration list of cultural properties, the owner is informed of the outcome, and an announcement is made in the official gazette. The designation policy is deliberately restrained, keeping the number of designated properties low. In this respect the

57: 1875: 64: 1218: 863: 327:. Based on recommendations from the universities, the decree ordered prefectures, temples, and shrines to compile lists of important buildings and art. However, these efforts proved to be ineffective in the face of radical westernisation. In 1880, the government allotted funds for the preservation of ancient shrines and temples. By 1894, 539 shrines and temples had received government funded subsidies to conduct repairs and reconstruction. The five-storied 1054: 2239: 676:, which was drafted on May 30, 1950, and went into effect on August 29 of that year. The new law combined the laws of 1919, 1929, and 1933. The scope of the previous protection laws was expanded to cover "intangible cultural properties" such as performing and applied arts, "folk cultural properties", and "buried cultural properties". Before the enactment of this law, only intangible cultural properties of especially high 50: 203:

Treasures include restrictions on alterations, transfer, and export, as well as financial support in the form of grants and tax reduction. The Agency for Cultural Affairs provides owners with advice on restoration, administration, and public display of the properties. These efforts are supplemented by laws that protect the built environment of designated structures and the necessary techniques for restoration of works.

1626: 377: 5752: 300:, Buddhist buildings and artwork were destroyed. In 1871, the government confiscated temple lands, considered symbolic of the ruling elite. Properties belonging to the feudal lords were expropriated, historic castles and residences were destroyed, and an estimated 18,000 temples were closed. During the same period, Japanese cultural heritage was impacted by the rise of industrialization and 2365:. The Imperial Household Agency considers that Imperial properties have sufficient protection, and do not require additional protection provided by the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. The government satisfies scientific and public interest in cultural properties by a system of documentation, and through the operation of museums and centres for cultural research. 2384:

protection, or transmission of cultural properties. A custodian can be named for a National Treasure (usually a local governing body) if the following circumstances exist: the owner cannot be located, the property is damaged, adequate protection of the property has not been provided, or public access to the property has not been allowed.

1657:. There are 63 items or sets of items in this category, ranging from letters and diaries to records. One National Treasure is a linen map, and another is an inscription on stone. However, all other objects in the category were created with a writing brush on paper and in many cases present important examples of early 2665:

The starting date of designated "crafts", "writings", and "sculptures" is connected to the introduction of Buddhism to Japan in 552. A proportion of the oldest designated National Treasures of these categories were directly imported from mainland China and Korea. After the Kamakura period, the art of

605:

was passed on April 1, 1933. It provided a simplified designation procedure with temporary protection, including protections against exportations. About 8,000 objects were protected under the law, including temples, shrines, and residential buildings. By 1939, nine categories of properties consisting

493:

At the beginning of the 20th century, modernization transformed the Japanese landscape and posed a threat to historic and natural monuments. Societies of prominent men such as the "Imperial Ancient Sites Survey Society" or the "Society for the Investigation and Preservation of Historic Sites and Aged

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About 89% of structural National Treasures are religious in nature. Residences account for 8% of designated buildings; the remaining are castles and miscellaneous structures. More than 90% are wooden buildings, and about 13% of designated buildings are in private ownership. Of "fine arts and crafts"

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from ancient to modern times, with the earliest archaeological National Treasures dating back 6,500 years, and the Akasaka Palace dating from the early 20th century. Items from any one of the categories of National Treasures may not represent the entire interval of time, but rather a shorter period

882:

Important cultural properties that show truly exceptional workmanship, a particularly high value for world cultural history, or an exceptional value to scholarship can be designated as "National Treasures". In order to achieve the designation, the owner of an important cultural property contacts or

553:

was passed and went into effect on July 1 of that year. The law replaced the 1897 laws and extended protection for National Treasures held by public and private institutions and private individuals in an effort to prevent the export or removal of cultural properties. The focus of protection was not

517:

By 1929, about 1,100 properties had been designated under the 1897 "Ancient Shrines and Temples Preservation Law". Most were religious buildings dating from the 7th to early 17th century. Approximately 500 buildings were extensively restored, with 90% of the funding provided by the national budget.

2368:

Protection measures are not limited to the responsibilities of ownership. Apart from the prestige gained through the designation, owners are entitled to advantages such as local tax exemption, including fixed assets tax, special property tax, and city planning tax, as well as reduction of national

887:

for information regarding the registration. In the latter case, the agency always asks the owner for consent beforehand, even though not required by law. The agency then contacts the Council for Cultural Affairs, which consists of five members appointed by the minister of education for their "wide

581:

gate in 1930 saw improved standards for preservation. An architect supervised the reconstruction works on-site. Extensive restoration reports became the norm, including plans, results of surveys, historical sources, and documentation of the work done. During the 1930s, about 70–75% of restoration

140:). A Tangible Cultural Property is considered to be of historic or artistic value, classified either as "buildings and structures" or as "fine arts and crafts". Each National Treasure must show outstanding workmanship, a high value for world cultural history, or exceptional value for scholarship. 2762:

This applies primarily to works of the modern period such as houses, public structures, bridges, dikes, fences, and towers threatened by land development and cultural shifts. Registration is a means of preventing the demolition of such structures without requiring an evaluation of their cultural

2387:

The government provides grants for repairs, maintenance, and the installation of fire prevention facilities and other disaster prevention systems. Subsidies are available to municipalities for purchasing land or cultural property structures. Designated properties generally increase in value. The

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A system for tangible cultural properties was established with two gradings: Important Cultural Property and National Treasure. The minister of education designates important cultural properties as National Treasures if they are of "particularly high value from the standpoint of world culture or

2408:

of Japan publishes the list of National Treasures and other designated Japanese cultural artefacts at the Database of National Cultural Properties. As of March 22, 2024, there are 912 National Treasures in the arts and crafts category, and 231 in the buildings and structures category. The total

2329:

The owners or managers of a National Treasure are responsible for the administration and restoration of the work. Should the property be lost, destroyed, damaged, altered, moved, or ownership be transferred, they must advise the Agency for Cultural affairs. Alterations to the property require a

829:

were registered under this system. Compared to Important Cultural Properties and National Treasures, the registration of Cultural Property entails fewer responsibilities for the owner. Since the end of the 20th century, the Agency for Cultural Affairs has focused on designating structures built

2383:

The Agency for Cultural Affairs provides owners or custodians with advice and guidance on matters of administration, restoration, and the public display of National Treasures. The agency promotes local activities aimed at the protection of cultural properties, such as activities for the study,

820:

for items in significant need of preservation and use. Initially limited to buildings, the newly established level of importance functioned as a waiting list for nominated Important Cultural Properties and as an extension for National Treasures. A large number of mainly industrial and historic

659:

of Hōryū-ji, one of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world and the first to be protected under the "Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law", caught fire on January 26, 1949, valuable seventh-century wall paintings were damaged. The incident accelerated the reorganization of

709:

National Treasures have been designated according to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties starting from June 9, 1951. This law, which is still in force, has since been supplemented with amendments and additional laws that reorganized the system for protection and preservation and

363:

between 1888 and 1897 was designed to evaluate and catalogue 210,000 objects of artistic or historic merit. The end of the 19th century was a period of political change in Japan as cultural values moved from the enthusiastic adoption of western ideas to a newly discovered interest in Japanese

2352:

If subsidies were granted to the property, the commissioner has the authority to recommend or order public access or a loan to a museum for a limited period.(§ 51). The requirement that private owners must allow access or cede rights to the property has been considered a reason that the

2325:

To guarantee the preservation and utilization of designated National Treasures, a set of measures was laid down in the "Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties" of 1950. These direct measures are supplemented by indirect efforts aimed at protecting the built environment (in the case of

202:

Japan has a comprehensive network of legislation for protecting, preserving, and classifying its cultural patrimony. The regard for physical and intangible properties and their protection is typical of Japanese preservation and restoration practices. Methods of protecting designated National

688:

The regulations implementing the law specified three broad categories of properties: tangible/intangible cultural properties and "historic sites, places of scenic beauty, and natural monuments". Tangible cultural properties were defined as objects of "high artistic or historic value" or

1710:

includes some of the oldest cultural properties, with 50 designated National Treasures. Many of the National Treasures in this category consist of large sets of objects originally buried as part of graves or as offering for temple foundations, and subsequently excavated from tombs,

830:

between 1868 and 1930 and those in underrepresented regions. The insufficient supply of raw materials and tools necessary for restoration works was recognized by the agency. In 1999, protective authority was transferred to prefectures and designated cities. As a result of the 2011

562:, residences, and more recently built religious buildings. Many of these structures had been transferred from feudal to private ownership following the Meiji restoration. Some of the first residential buildings to be designated National Treasures were the Yoshimura residence in 6057: 874:

Cultural products with a tangible form that possess high historic, artistic, and academic value for Japan are listed in a three-tier system. Properties in need of preservation and use are catalogued as "Registered Cultural Properties". Important objects are designated as

2557: 1297:, the buildings or shrines were faithfully rebuilt at regular intervals, adhering to the original design. In this manner, ancient styles have been replicated through the centuries to the present day. The oldest designated extant shrine structure is the main hall at 2625: 1798:

Swords are included in the crafts category, and either the sword itself or a sword mounting is designated as a National Treasure. Currently 110 swords and 12 sword mountings are National Treasures. The oldest designated properties date to the seventh century

2654:) and some of the world's oldest pottery, discovered at sites in northern Japan, have been designated as the second oldest National Treasures in the "archaeological materials" category. Some of the earliest items in this category are objects discovered in 2623: 2523:

Fine arts and crafts National Treasures are distributed in a similar fashion, with fewer in remote areas, and a higher concentration in the Kansai region. The seven prefectures of the region harbor 499, or 56%, of all arts and crafts National Treasures.

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of extinction had been protected. Even by international standards, a broad spectrum of properties was covered by the 1950 law. The law was the basis for the establishment of the Committee for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a precursor of today's

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archaeological materials (or other historic material) of "high scholarly value". Designated buildings were required to be outstanding in design or building technique, have a high historic or scholarly value, or be typical of a movement or area.

2626: 1024:, from the late 16th to the first half of the 17th century. Built of wood and plaster on a stone foundation, the castles were military fortifications as well as political, cultural, and economic centers. They also served as residences for the 2413:

category, more than 30% of National Treasures are written materials such as documents, letters, or books. Swords, paintings, sculptures, and non-sword craft items each account for about 15% of National Treasures in this category.

4465: 685:. It allowed the selection of the most important cultural properties; set restrictions on the alteration, repair and export of cultural properties; and provided measures for the preservation and utilization of such properties. 2621: 2560: 2622: 1578:) tile roof composed of flat broad concave tiles and semi-cylindrical convex tiles that cover the seams. The 19.4 m × 15.6 m (64 ft × 51 ft) structure is built of high-quality woods such as 943:. Each main category is divided into subcategories. The 231 structural cultural properties are separated into eight categories, and the 912 fine arts and crafts cultural properties are separated into seven categories. 482: 2620: 2559: 2558: 2561: 2624: 784:

This step was necessary because of the lack of skilled craftsmen resulting from industrialization. The techniques to be protected included the mounting of paintings and calligraphy on scrolls; the repair of

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of 8,282 items (paintings, sculptures, architecture, documents, books, calligraphy, swords, crafts, and archaeological resources) had been designated as National Treasures and were forbidden to be exported.

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budget allocated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs in fiscal 2009 for the "Facilitation of Preservation Projects for National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties" amounted to 12,013 million

911:

The Agency for Cultural Affairs designates tangible cultural properties as National Treasures in thirteen categories based on type. The agency generally distinguishes between "buildings and structures"

407:(law number 49) was enacted; it was the first systematic law for the preservation of Japanese historic art and architecture. Formulated under the guidance of architectural historian and architect 5725: 5703: 5620: 2228: 1678: 137: 1838:

The crafts category includes pottery from Japan, China and Korea; metalworks such as mirrors and temple bells; Buddhist ritual items and others; lacquerware such as boxes, furniture, harnesses, and

898: 5708: 2224: 1737:

that reflect early Japanese civilization. Other items listed include bronze mirrors and bells, jewellery, ancient swords, and knives. The most recent object, a hexagonal stone column, dates to the

570:(1944). The designation "National Treasure" was applied to objects of art and to historical buildings. The new law required permits to be obtained for future alterations of designated properties. 5914: 780:

The second significant change of 1975 was that the government began to extend protection not only to tangible or intangible properties for their direct historic or artistic value but also to the

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was restored beginning in 1906 and finishing in 1913. In 1914, the administration of cultural properties was transferred from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of Education (today

589:. In an effort to prevent art objects not yet designated National Treasures from being exported because of the economic crisis, the Law Regarding the Preservation of Important Works of Fine Arts 3969: 5720: 1619: 3382: 5888: 5788: 5714: 2232: 2151:, consists of a group of stone sculptures. The statues vary in size from just 10 cm (3.9 in) to 13 m (43 ft) and 15 m (49 ft) for the Great Buddhas of 1134:, Japan's oldest modern model silk reeling factory was designated as the only National Treasure in the category of "structures related to industry transportation and public works" 5978: 2528:, which has only two National Treasure buildings, has an exceptionally high number of cultural properties in this category. Of the 217 properties located in Tokyo, 88 are at the 5736: 5730: 4646: 1824: 1778: 1917:. Within this set are 1,166 documents or records, including construction plans or registers of funeral items; 85 are craft items including articles of clothing and furniture. 5973: 5909: 414:

A second law was passed on December 15, 1897, that provided supplementary provisions to designate works of art in the possession of temples or shrines as "National Treasures"

5613: 4617: 777:, areas in which a large number of National Treasures exist. In 1975, the law was extended to include groups of historic buildings not necessarily located in capitals. 5904: 5698: 5648: 2095: 1604:, the Tamaudun consists of two stone-walled enclosures and three tomb compartments that in compliance with tradition temporarily held the remains of Ryūkyūan royalty. 1047: 2666:

Japanese sculpture, which had been mainly religious in nature, deteriorated. Consequently, there are no National Treasure sculptures from after the Kamakura period.

6189: 5693: 1991: 217:

alone has about one in five National Treasures. Fine arts and crafts properties are generally owned privately or are in museums, including national museums such as

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number of arts and crafts items, as well as the total number of structures, is actually higher because related objects are sometimes grouped under a common name.

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many of the designated buildings were camouflaged, and water tanks and fire walls were installed for protection. Nonetheless, 206 designated buildings, including

5658: 5653: 5643: 5606: 5316:. Butterworth-Heinemann Series in Conservation and Museology, Conservation and Museology Series (illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2628: 2563: 1334: 1211: 1108:, which was built in 1909. Fourteen National Treasures, dating from between 1485 and 1657, are listed in the historical residences category. Ten are located in 952: 5205:

Edwards, Walter (2005). "Japanese Archaeology and Cultural Properties Management: Prewar Ideology and Postwar Legacies". In Robertson, Jennifer Ellen (ed.).

2035:. The 166 National Treasures in the category include Buddhist themes, landscapes, portraits, and court scenes. Various base materials have been used: 92 are 3512: 2019:

Japanese and Chinese paintings from the 8th-century Classical Nara period to the early modern 19th-century Edo period are listed in the category "paintings"

1610:

is an 84 m (276 ft) long arch bridge and aqueduct built in 1854 used for irrigation and representing the highest level of technology at the time.

1393:. Presently 158 National Treasures have been designated in this category, including two of the oldest wooden structures in the world—from the 6th century, 4555: 4434: 4286: 2763:

value. Protection measures are moderate and include notification, guidance, and suggestions. As of April 1, 2009, there are 7,407 registered structures.

1158:) structural National Treasure. The designated property includes several buildings such as the silk reeling mill and the East and West cocoon warehouses. 710:

extended its scope to a larger variety of cultural properties. Some of these changes indirectly affected the protection of designated National Treasures.

697:. Some have been designated as new National Treasures since June 9, 1951. Following a decision by the National Diet, properties to be nominated as a 498:

for conservation measures. Eventually these efforts resulted in the 1919 Historical Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments Preservation Law

5781: 2639:

reflect the beginning of human habitation in Japan and have been designated as the oldest National Treasures in the "archaeological materials" category.

6067: 4493: 1597:. The façade of the church faces Nishizaka hill, the place of their execution. It is a gothic structure and the oldest extant wooden church in Japan. 6219: 4524: 2422: 5085: 4976: 1913:

between the 15th and 19th century. The designated items date to the second Shō Dynasty (between the 16th and 19th century), and are located in the

4320: 1405:, the largest wooden building in the world. The structures cover more than 1,000 years of Japanese Buddhist architecture, from the 6th century ( 4586: 6271: 5774: 5570: 5541: 5455: 5342: 5195: 4766: 3977: 2886: 1572:

in 1701, the Auditorium of the Shizutani school, an educational institute for commoners, is a single-story building. It has a hip-and-gable (

129: 1944:; a portrait of Hasekura in prayer following his conversion in Madrid; 19 religious paintings; pictures of saints; ceremonial items such as 6261: 5883: 5869: 5755: 3393: 4055: 2500:(22). Together they comprise 149 or 66% of all structural National Treasures in Japan. Three sites have 92 structural National Treasures: 1866:. The treasures were dedicated to the enshrined deity of the respective shrine. They comprise garments, household items, and other items. 4762: 2812:

A gilt bronze harness from the Saitobaru kofun in Miyazaki prefecture has been designated as National Treasure. It is now located at the

237:

museums, and private museums. Religious items are often housed in temples and Shinto shrines or in an adjacent museum or treasure house.

5850: 4179: 4109: 3843: 1997: 876: 813: 694: 4236: 1982:, and include 787 maps and drawings, 569 documents and records, 398 letters, 528 books, and 63 utensils such as surveying instruments. 6266: 5834: 5829: 5810: 5475:. Stanford Studies in the Civilizations of Eastern Asia. Vol. 1 (Illustrated ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 3576: 2362: 4084: 5933: 5520: 5501: 5480: 5432: 5403: 5380: 5321: 5300: 5279: 5258: 5237: 5216: 5170: 5145: 4814: 4418: 2585:

in Japan is even older than that of temples. However, because of the tradition of rebuilding shrines at regular intervals, known as

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The three stacked elements symbolise the continuity in time of cultural property protection: the past, the present, and the future.

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The North Noh stage, dating to 1581, is the oldest extant structure of its kind, consisting of a stage, a side stage for the chorus

2119:

Sculptures of Buddhist and Shintō deities, or of priests venerated as founders of temples, are listed in the category "sculptures"

368:, and the first books on architectural history were published, stimulated by the newly compiled inventories of buildings and art. 6203: 6062: 4169: 3073: 1842:; textiles; armor; and other objects. These items date from classical to early modern Japan —and are housed in Buddhist temples, 175:

and textiles; and archaeological and historical artifacts. The items span the period of ancient to early modern Japan before the

35: 4376: 6170: 6154: 6149: 6135: 3467: 721:

In the 1960s, the spectrum of protected buildings was expanded to include early examples of western architecture. In 1966, the

4654: 17: 4804: 4625: 2465:

have few designated properties, and most prefectures may only have a couple of National Treasure structures. Two prefectures—

5560: 5274:. Case Studies in Early Societies. Vol. 4 (illustrated ed.). Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. 5211:. Blackwell Companions to Social and Cultural Anthropology (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 36–49. 4024: 1940:, the designated set of items consists of 47 objects: a Roman citizenship document dating from November 1615; a portrait of 4675: 796: 4351: 2199:

each have a single National Treasure in the sculpture category; one National Treasure that consists of four sculptures of

713: 477: 304:. As a result, Buddhist and Shinto institutions became impoverished. Temples decayed, and valuable objects were exported. 30:

For the highest, fundamentally traditionally rather than statutorily defined, subset of Japanese national treasures, see

4207: 3787: 835: 5253:. Rutgers series on the public life of the arts (illustrated ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 693:

outstanding treasures for the Japanese people." All previously designated National Treasures were initially demoted to

6041: 4900: 3851: 3708: 3583: 3478: 3389: 2882: 2432: 2405: 1914: 1688: 1586: 884: 831: 682: 133: 1948:; a cross and medals; 25 items of harnesses and clothing such as priests' garments; an Indonesian and Benjamin Tenze 430:. The new law also provided for pieces of religious architecture to be designated as a "Specially Protected Building" 3938: 3322: 6116: 6100: 6086: 4149: 4119: 3698: 1322: 1016:, has five National Treasures; the other castles each have one. The designated structures represent the apogee of 6238: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5797: 3516: 2790:

These supplemental measures were added as amendments to the 1950 "Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties".

2675: 2570: 2354: 148: 31: 3907: 3291: 381: 4565: 4444: 4296: 2444: 1851: 5536:. Architecture and Interior Design (illustrated, revised ed.). Tokyo; Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle Publishing. 5187: 5131: 4139: 2749: 2298: 2192: 843: 622: 355:

are examples of buildings that underwent repairs during this period. A survey conducted in association with

234: 5531: 5422: 5332: 4503: 4292: 2204: 1863: 495: 311:

issued a decree to protect Japanese antiquities called the Plan for the Preservation of Ancient Artifacts

4534: 2396:, including the former contingent, were allocated 62,219 million yen, or 61.0% of the total budget. 5361: 5093: 5089: 4980: 4956: 4473: 3846:[Designation of National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties in the structure category] 2608:

in 1576, which marked a change in style and function of castles. Castle construction ended in 1620; the

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transcriptions, poetry, historical books, and specialist books are designated in the category "writings"

2071: 2067: 1742: 1199: 514:, protecting and cataloguing such properties in the same manner as temples, shrines, and pieces of art. 222: 218: 1738: 83: 1585:Ōura Church was established in 1864 by the French priest Bernard Petitjean of Fier to commemorate the 5466: 4952: 4561: 4440: 4330: 2636: 2470: 2184: 2075: 1906: 1724: 847: 786: 230: 226: 5589: 4596: 2457:

The geographical distribution of National Treasures in Japan is highly uneven. Remote areas such as

1830: 895:

is similar to that of Japan. In the 21st century, up to nine properties were designated every year.

5353: 4211: 2485: 2466: 2208: 2176: 2148: 2013: 1720: 1013: 698: 3196: 3074:"The Machizukuri bottom-up approach to conservation of historic communities: lessons for Thailand" 2901: 2553:, and coinciding with the time in which the specific artistry or type of architecture flourished. 1920:

The second set comprises paintings, documents, ceremonial tools, harnesses, and items of clothing

1847: 1661:. The oldest item dates from the late 7th century and the most recent from the 19th century (late 626:, designated a National Treasure in 1938, was destroyed by a fire in 1945 as a result of the war. 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 5997: 4530: 4499: 2711:

704 items suffered damage. Since some of them have multiple designations, the total count is 714.

2609: 2156: 2059: 1937: 1936:, Hasekura traveled via Mexico City and Madrid to Rome before returning to Japan. Located in the 1921: 1878: 1855: 1846:, and museums. Also included in this category are sacred treasures that worshippers presented to 1276:. Presently there are 42 National Treasures in this category, dating from the 12th century (late 730: 271: 5086:"Special Exhibition – The Legacy of Fujiwara no Michinaga: Courtly Splendor and Pure Land Faith" 838:

including five National Treasure buildings suffered damage. The affected National Treasures are

250: 4063: 2372: 2286:. Most were made with a writing brush on paper and in many cases present important examples of 1340: 660:

cultural property protection and gave rise to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties

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The laws of 1897 are the foundation for today's preservation law. When they were enacted, only

5566: 5537: 5516: 5497: 5476: 5451: 5428: 5409: 5399: 5376: 5338: 5317: 5296: 5275: 5254: 5233: 5212: 5191: 5166: 5141: 4810: 4770: 4650: 4414: 4326: 4291:[Education Hokkaidō issue 374 activity report, National Treasure dogū] (in Japanese). 4251: 3817: 3147: 2574: 2513: 1741:, 1361. Most of the materials (31) are located in museums, with six National Treasures in the 1437: 1195: 1175: 1171: 1155: 1131: 1113: 1038:-era secondary donjon called the Northwest Small Tower, which is located at Matsumoto Castle. 559: 356: 342: 275: 196: 188: 76: 6058:

List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments

2086:

with 51, and more than half of the Tokyo paintings are located in the Tokyo National Museum.

1377:, belfries, corridors, and other halls or structures are designated in the category "temples" 1100:, which date to before 1867. Presently, the only modern residential National Treasure is the 4382: 4259: 4247: 3998: 3084: 2680: 2550: 2525: 2505: 2497: 2489: 2283: 2275: 2246: 2164: 1979: 1808: 1638: 1607: 1509: 1477: 1442: 1422: 1314: 1306: 989: 962: 726: 614: 586: 360: 280: 210: 56: 3587: 3139: 525: 5593: 4439:[Cultural Properties of Hiroshima Prefecture — nashijikirimon raden koshigatana]. 4088: 4030: 2659: 2601: 2600:, the oldest designated shrine structures date to the late 12th century. The archetypical 2493: 2377: 2333: 2160: 2140: 2135:. There are 141 National Treasure sculptures or groups of sculptures from the 7th-century 2101: 1804: 1579: 1473: 1418: 1310: 1264: 1258: 1223: 1017: 870:'s 45-article rules and regulations, a National Treasure in the category ancient documents 762: 555: 293: 144: 90: 4738: 4144:[Designation of structural National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties] 4114:[Designation of structural National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties] 2647: 1971: 1734: 826: 758: 734: 408: 180: 5136:. Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese studies (illustrated ed.). London; New York: 4904: 2450:

Distribution of building and structural National Treasures over the prefectures of Japan

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includes 254 National Treasures, of which 122 are swords and 132 are other craft items.

471:, and four other European nations had similar legislation. As a result of the new laws, 5392: 4059: 3944: 3913: 3822: 3328: 3297: 2509: 2337: 2212: 2175:

are the locations with the most entries, with 18 and 18 designations respectively. The

2168: 2109: 2047: 2036: 2009: 1910: 1630: 1505: 1501: 1485: 1481: 1426: 1394: 1298: 1228: 1151: 1101: 1058: 1021: 1009: 993: 958: 801: 648: 618: 453: 301: 289: 184: 172: 34:. For the informal term of Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties, see 5511:

Yoshida, Kanehiko; Hiroshi Tsukishima; Harumichi Ishizuka; Masayuki Tsukimoto (2001).

4183: 3088: 2573:

National Treasures cover the time from the late 7th century—about 150 years after the

2143:. Most (109) sculptures are wooden, twelve entries in the list are bronze, eleven are 1684: 1429:

has the largest number of designated National Treasure buildings, with 18 structures.

6255: 4621: 4592: 4386: 3812: 2613: 2605: 2582: 2477: 2196: 2055: 1975: 1933: 1929: 1859: 1843: 1812: 1414: 1318: 1273: 1167: 1001: 997: 985: 774: 770: 750: 677: 530: 352: 259: 206: 192: 152: 5664: 3482: 2358: 2813: 2772:

It is usually difficult to obtain consent from state properties and private firms.

2699: 2643: 2541: 2341: 2274:. The 235 items or sets of items are National Treasures that date predominantly to 2136: 2105: 1968: 1800: 1406: 1302: 1277: 1081: 805: 610: 519: 267: 258:

Japanese cultural properties were originally in the ownership of Buddhist temples,

176: 2172: 1885:

Three National Treasure sets are catalogued in the category "historical materials"

1012:, and connecting galleries. Himeji Castle, the most visited castle in Japan and a 742: 308: 63: 5491: 5470: 5370: 5311: 5290: 5269: 5248: 5227: 5206: 5181: 5156: 4408: 4034: 3515:. Tokyo: Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties. Archived from 1178:

was designated in 2019 as the only National Treasure in the category of "schools"

533:

became a National Treasure under the National Treasures Preservation Law of 1929.

4679: 4004: 2655: 2438:

Distribution of arts and crafts National Treasures over the prefectures of Japan

2345: 2318: 2287: 2238: 2113: 2063: 1941: 1716: 1658: 1601: 1590: 1398: 1349: 889: 766: 754: 574: 472: 385: 168: 160: 49: 5766: 4355: 5598: 4868: 2578: 2517: 2188: 2152: 1960: 1784: 1662: 1569: 1410: 1281: 851: 822: 738: 634: 365: 5413: 4255: 4215: 3791: 3151: 1974:. The designated objects are in custody of the Inō Tadataka Memorial Hall in 1305:). About half of the designated structures are located in three prefectures: 6171:

List of Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings

5162: 5137: 2040: 1964: 1953: 1874: 1497: 1217: 839: 2799:

For important cultural properties, the commissioner's authority is only to

2481: 2357:

have not been designated as a National Treasure, with the exception of the

1925: 1369: 1363: 1026: 862: 639: 448: 347: 337: 2604:

are a product of a period of 50 years that began with the construction of

582:

costs came from the national budget, which increased even during the war.

376: 4678:[Inō Tadataka Memorial Hall]. Inō Tadataka Museum. Archived from 3948: 3332: 2458: 2253: 2044: 2005: 1792: 1594: 1493: 1489: 1357: 332: 285: 213:

from ancient times to the 19th century, has the most National Treasures;

3712: 2054:); and three are albums. They are located in museums, Buddhist temples, 1625: 1413:). About three quarters of the designated properties are located in the 1053: 2651: 2167:. With few exceptions, the sculptures are located in Buddhist temples. 2144: 1839: 1729: 1574: 1035: 1031: 867: 460: 263: 164: 1464:

that do not fall into any of the other categories. They are the North

115: 112: 4869:"Five artworks of imperial heritage to earn national treasure status" 3973: 3917: 3577:"Damages to Cultural Properties in "the Great East Japan Earthquake"" 3301: 3203: 2897: 2462: 2200: 2066:). A large proportion of items are housed in the national museums of 2051: 2001: 1945: 1788: 1374: 1252: 1064:

Residential architecture includes two categories: "modern residences"

1005: 644: 468: 464: 328: 297: 6150:

Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings

2078:. The greatest number of National Treasure paintings are located in 1665:). Approximately half of the entries in the category are located in 804:

is the only National Treasure in the category of modern residences (

5250:

Who Owns the Past?: Pultural Policy, Cultural Property, and the Law

984:

includes nine designated National Treasures located at five sites (

651:, two of the world's oldest wooden structures, dating to around 700 143:

Approximately 20% of the National Treasures are structures such as

2501: 2371: 2332: 2297: 2279: 2237: 2180: 2100: 2083: 2079: 1996: 1873: 1829: 1783: 1712: 1683: 1666: 1624: 1469: 1436: 1339: 1216: 1118: 1109: 1105: 1052: 957: 861: 795: 746: 712: 633: 567: 563: 524: 375: 249: 214: 156: 5427:(illustrated ed.). Tokyo, New York: Kodansha International. 2616:

in 1615 and subsequently prohibited the building of new castles.

391:

On June 5, 1897, the Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law

5232:(illustrated ed.). Stuttgart; London: Edition Axel Menges. 3513:"Policy and System of Urban / Territorial Conservation in Japan" 1949: 1355:

Structures associated with Buddhist temples such as main halls (

183:

and 19th-century documents and writings. The designation of the

6236: 6187: 6133: 6084: 5995: 5931: 5867: 5808: 5770: 5665:

structures related to industry, transportation and public works

5602: 4354:[Fusai-ji]. Tachikawa Bureau of Tourism. Archived from 1126:

Structures related to industry, transportation and public works

163:; sculptures of wood, bronze, lacquer or stone; crafts such as 5450:]. 山溪カラー名鑑 (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Yama-Kei. 4809:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ Asia Center. pp. 81–85. 2619: 2556: 2508:

and the seat of the imperial court for more than 1,000 years;

2389: 2326:

architecture), or techniques necessary for restoration works.

2229:

List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Japanese books)

1679:

List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials)

1465: 790: 138:

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

18:

List of National Treasures of Japan (miscellaneous structures)

2302:

The Protection of Cultural Properties logo in the shape of a

2225:

List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Chinese books)

5915:

List of Living National Treasures of Japan (performing arts)

4953:"Frequently asked questions about the Tokyo National Museum" 3392:, Cultural Properties Department. March 2017. Archived from 2650:, from about 14,000 BC to 300 BC. Clay figurines ( 1641:

documents are designated in the category "ancient documents"

897: 617:, were destroyed from May to August 1945. The ninth-century 364:

heritage. Japanese architectural history began to appear on

2540:

The designated items provide an overview of the history of

1150:. Established in 1872 by the government, this is—after the 6155:

Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings

5562:

Architecture éternelle du Japon – De l'histoire aux mythes

5295:(illustrated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. 179:, including pieces of the world's oldest pottery from the 5586: 5442:

Ogawa, Kouzou; Seki, Nobuko; Yamazaki, Takayuki (2009).

4897:

Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan ― Fiscal 2010

4620:[Materials of the Shō family — Kings of Ryūkyū]. 4381:[Hidaka Cultural Properties, National Treasure]. 3475:

Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan ― Fiscal 2009

2894:

Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan ― Fiscal 2009

1811:. The designated items are located in Buddhist temples, 5372:

Nationalisms of Japan: Managing and Mystifying Identity

4413:. Tokyo; New York: Kodansha International. p. 13. 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 1620:

List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents)

782:

techniques for the conservation of cultural properties.

717:

Lacquer toiletry case with cart wheels in stream design

155:, or residences. The other 80% are paintings; scrolls; 5889:

Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties

4560:[Old sacred treasures of Itsukushima Shrine]. 3556: 3554: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2484:

each have more than ten National Treasure structures:

2233:

List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: others)

296:

and anti-Buddhist movements propagating the return to

5979:

List of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties

4649:[Materials of the Keichō Embassy to Europe]. 4087:. Nagasaki Tourism Internet Committee. Archived from 3468:"Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Properties" 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 705:

Recent developments in cultural properties protection

5229:

Hozon: Architectural and Urban Conservation in Japan

5226:

Enders, Siegfried R. C. T.; Gutschow, Niels (1998).

4979:(in Japanese). Tōkamachi City Museum. Archived from 3790:. Cabinet Office Government of Japan. Archived from 3571: 3569: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 2642:

The first indications of stable living patterns and

2635:

Stone tools dated to 13,000–28,000 BC from the

2058:, private collections, a university, and two tombs ( 1825:

List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: others)

1779:

List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: swords)

1194:. The institution was established shortly after the 6212: 6196: 6163: 6142: 6109: 6093: 6050: 6004: 5974:

List of Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties

5966: 5940: 5910:

List of Living National Treasures of Japan (crafts)

5897: 5876: 5843: 5817: 5681: 5636: 5183:

Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan

5391: 2720:Cracked walls and pillars, some broken sculptures. 2159:. Seventy-seven of the 141 entries are located in 1924:brought back from his 1613 to 1620 trade mission ( 4835: 4790: 4711: 4699: 4325:[Gasshō dogū – Hachinohe] (in Japanese). 3112: 3110: 3108: 2729:Slightly broken walls, lacquering and sculptures. 2096:List of National Treasures of Japan (sculptures) 1901:. One set consists of 1,251 items related to the 1417:, with 60 National Treasure temple structures in 812:The two-tier system of "National Treasures" and " 701:are required to be protected under the 1950 law. 5905:List of Important Intangible Cultural Properties 3782: 3780: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3006: 3004: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 1048:List of National Treasures of Japan (residences) 494:Trees" lobbied and achieved a resolution in the 6190:Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties 5565:(illustrated ed.). Dijon: Editions Faton. 4244:The University of Tokyo Library System Bulletin 3415: 3413: 2586: 2303: 2265: 2128: 2028: 1992:List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings) 1894: 1762: 1703: 1650: 1556: 1540: 1524: 1457: 1386: 1243: 1234:National Treasures in the category of "shrines" 1187: 1143: 1093: 1073: 977: 936: 920: 816:" was supplemented in 1996 with a new level of 669: 598: 546: 537:In 1929 the National Treasures Preservation Law 507: 439: 423: 400: 320: 121: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 3759: 3732: 3624: 3622: 3609: 3607: 3560: 3545: 3266: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3067: 3065: 3063: 2963: 2702:, shrines had been receiving funds since 1874. 2593: 2394:Enhancements of Cultural Properties Protection 2310: 2259: 2122: 2022: 1888: 1756: 1697: 1644: 1550: 1534: 1518: 1451: 1380: 1289: 1237: 1181: 1137: 1087: 1067: 971: 930: 914: 663: 600:jūyō bijutsuhin tōno hozon ni kan suru hōritsu 592: 554:only for old religious buildings but also for 540: 501: 433: 417: 394: 314: 110: 5953:Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties 5782: 5671: 5614: 5354:"History and Typology of Shrine Architecture" 4743:[Buddhism index] (in Japanese). janis 4202: 4200: 3943:[Five-storied Pagoda] (in Japanese). 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2974: 2972: 2369:taxes applied to the transfer of properties. 2147:, seven are made of clay, and one entry, the 2108:, the principal image in the Phoenix Hall of 1547:, and a passageway to enter or exit the stage 1335:List of National Treasures of Japan (temples) 1212:List of National Treasures of Japan (shrines) 953:List of National Treasures of Japan (castles) 789:and wooden sculptures; and the production of 725:was passed. It was restricted to the ancient 630:Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties 522:often employed new materials and techniques. 27:Most precious of Tangible Cultural Properties 8: 5958:Registered Tangible Folk Cultural Properties 5000: 4927: 4884: 4882: 3743: 3741: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3383:"Cultural Properties for Future Generations" 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2577:in the mid-6th century—to the 19th century ( 2392:or 11.8% of the total budget of the agency. 1723:. The oldest items are stone tools from the 1034:. The oldest structure in the category is a 1004:) and comprises eighteen structures such as 723:Law for the Preservation of Ancient Capitals 585:In the early 1930s, Japan suffered from the 372:Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law 5948:Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties 5186:(illustrated, revised ed.). New York: 5113: 5036: 4003:[Great Buddha Hall] (in Japanese). 3883: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 1020:construction, and date from the end of the 6233: 6184: 6130: 6081: 5992: 5928: 5864: 5805: 5789: 5775: 5767: 5621: 5607: 5599: 5012: 4939: 2252:Written materials of various type such as 1301:, which dates from the 12th century (late 6068:Lists of Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan 5688: 5496:. Fortress 5. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 5490:Turnbull, Stephen; Dennis, Peter (2003). 5394:The Arts of Japan: An Illustrated History 5375:. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. 5048: 5024: 4890:"Foundations for Cultural Administration" 4410:The Connoisseur's Book of Japanese Swords 4029:[North Noh stage] (in Japanese). 3771: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3116: 3054: 3010: 2862: 2361:and more recently five artworks from the 1803:). However, 86 of the items are from the 1448:There are five "miscellaneous structures" 6220:List of Selected Conservation Techniques 5884:Important Intangible Cultural Properties 5398:(illustrated ed.). C.E. Tuttle Co. 5208:A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan 4315: 4313: 4281: 4279: 3705:Database of National Cultural Properties 2423:National Treasures of Japan (statistics) 1834:Buddhist ritual gong with peacock relief 1272:), and other structures associated with 382:scrolls of Frolicking Animals and Humans 5835:Registered Tangible Cultural Properties 5515:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Tōkyōdō Shuppan. 5313:A History of Architectural Conservation 3871: 3419: 3278: 3072:Issarathumnoon, Wimonrart (2003–2004). 3029: 2978: 2839: 2832: 2691: 1807:, with the most recent object from the 1694:The category "archaeological materials" 292:") triggered by the official policy of 246:Background and early protection efforts 99:Some of the National Treasures of Japan 5530:Young, David; Young, Michiko (2007) . 4854: 3895: 3628: 3613: 3183: 3138:Mackay-Smith, Alexander (2000-04-29). 2995: 509:shiseki meishō enrenkinenbutsu hozonhō 132:, as determined and designated by the 6117:List of Important Cultural Landscapes 5421:Nishi, Kazuo; Hozumi, Kazuo (1996) . 4178:and its vicinity] (in Japanese). 3912:[Golden Hall] (in Japanese). 2473:—do not have any National Treasures. 2294:Preservation and utilization measures 7: 5072: 5060: 4761:James M. Goodwin; Janet R. Goodwin. 4529:[Long sword] (in Japanese). 3747: 3197:"Advisory Body Evaluation Himeji-jo" 2520:, capital of Japan from 710 to 784. 2353:properties under supervision of the 1815:, museums, and private collections. 5851:Lists of National Treasures (Japan) 5158:Architecture and Authority in Japan 5155:Coaldrake, William Howard (2002) . 5133:Architecture and Authority in Japan 4214:tourist association. Archived from 4180:National Museum of Japanese History 2896:. Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for 2094:For a more comprehensive list, see 1990:For a more comprehensive list, see 1823:For a more comprehensive list, see 1777:For a more comprehensive list, see 1677:For a more comprehensive list, see 1618:For a more comprehensive list, see 1333:For a more comprehensive list, see 1210:For a more comprehensive list, see 1166:One of Japan's oldest schools, the 1046:For a more comprehensive list, see 951:For a more comprehensive list, see 842:(Main Hall and Priest's Quarters), 270:ended abruptly in 1867–68 when the 5130:Coaldrake, William Howard (1996). 2363:Museum of the Imperial Collections 2223:For more comprehensive lists, see 1084:onward and "historical residences" 793:masks, costumes, and instruments. 566:(1937) and the Ogawa residence in 25: 4725:Ise Jingu and Treasures of Shinto 4056:"History of the Shizutani School" 3140:"Mission to preserve and protect" 2575:introduction of Buddhism to Japan 1791:with a gold inlay inscription by 1284:). According to the tradition of 294:separation of Shinto and Buddhism 6204:Selected Conservation Techniques 6063:Lists of Historic Sites of Japan 5751: 5750: 5533:The Art of Japanese Architecture 4591:[Old sacred treasures]. 4498:[Quiver] (in Japanese). 4466:"Writing box with eight bridges" 4210:[Stone in Nasu County]. 2443: 2431: 1122:, and guest or reception halls. 1042:Modern and historical residences 128:is the most precious of Japan's 89: 82: 75: 71: 62: 55: 48: 44: 36:Living National Treasure (Japan) 6136:Groups of Traditional Buildings 6017:Special Places of Scenic Beauty 5559:Cluzel, Jean-Sébastien (2008). 4977:"National Treasure designation" 4836:Ogawa, Seki & Yamazaki 2009 4791:Ogawa, Seki & Yamazaki 2009 4712:Ogawa, Seki & Yamazaki 2009 4700:Ogawa, Seki & Yamazaki 2009 4293:Hokkaido Prefectural Government 4288:教育ほっかいどう第374号－活動レポート－国宝「土偶」について 2050:or paintings on sliding doors ( 1476:, the auditorium of the former 5870:Intangible Cultural Properties 5424:What Is Japanese Architecture? 4727:. Tokyo National Museum. 2009. 2887:"Intangible Cultural Heritage" 2321:found in Japanese architecture 1963:items related to the Japanese 1959:A third set consists of 2,345 1: 6101:Important Cultural Landscapes 5830:Important Cultural Properties 5587:Tokyo National Museum eKokuho 4803:Christine Guth Kanda (1985). 3813:"All about Tomioka Silk Mill" 1909:, who ruled over most of the 1727:and flame-shaped pottery and 1325:has five National Treasures. 877:Important Cultural Properties 814:Important Cultural Properties 695:Important Cultural Properties 6272:Cultural Properties of Japan 5811:Tangible Cultural Properties 5798:Cultural Properties of Japan 5352:Kuroda, Ryūji (2005-06-02). 5292:Japan's Golden Age: Momoyama 5123:General and cited references 4867:Jingu, Momoko (2021-07-30). 4653:. 2004-02-20. Archived from 4624:. 2004-02-20. Archived from 3711:. 2008-11-01. Archived from 3586:. 2011-07-29. Archived from 2282:from the 6th century to the 1928:Embassy) to Europe. Sent by 1409:) to the 19th century (late 1280:) to the 19th century (late 1198:and relocated to the extant 818:Registered Cultural Property 130:Tangible Cultural Properties 6262:National Treasures of Japan 5630:National Treasures of Japan 4903:. 2003–2004. Archived from 4901:Agency for Cultural Affairs 3976:. June 1997. Archived from 3852:Agency for Cultural Affairs 3709:Agency for Cultural Affairs 3584:Agency for Cultural Affairs 3479:Agency for Cultural Affairs 3390:Agency for Cultural Affairs 2883:Agency for Cultural Affairs 2587: 2406:Agency for Cultural Affairs 2304: 2266: 2129: 2029: 1915:Naha City Museum of History 1895: 1763: 1704: 1689:Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror 1651: 1557: 1541: 1525: 1458: 1387: 1244: 1188: 1144: 1094: 1074: 978: 937: 927:and "fine arts and crafts" 921: 885:Agency for Cultural Affairs 832:Great East Japan earthquake 683:Agency for Cultural Affairs 670: 599: 547: 508: 489:Extension of the protection 440: 424: 401: 321: 134:Agency for Cultural Affairs 122: 6288: 6239:Buried Cultural Properties 6005:Designations/Registrations 5941:Designations/Registrations 5818:Designations/Registrations 5493:Japanese Castles 1540–1640 5472:A History of Japan to 1334 5390:Münsterberg, Hugo (1957). 5369:McVeigh, Brian J. (2004). 5310:Jokilehto, Jukka (2002) . 5289:Hickman, Money L. (2002). 5247:Gibbon, Kate Fitz (2005). 5180:Deal, William E. (2007) . 4495:沃懸地杏葉螺鈿平やなぐいかまくら GreenNet 4150:Agency of Cultural Affairs 4120:Agency of Cultural Affairs 3760:Turnbull & Dennis 2003 3733:Turnbull & Dennis 2003 3561:Enders & Gutschow 1998 3546:Enders & Gutschow 1998 3267:Enders & Gutschow 1998 3146:. Tokyo: Japan Times Ltd. 2964:Enders & Gutschow 1998 2420: 2376:Collection of 36 poems by 2222: 2093: 1989: 1822: 1776: 1676: 1617: 1332: 1317:, all of which are in the 1262:), gates, offering halls ( 1209: 1045: 950: 29: 6267:Cultural history of Japan 6232: 6183: 6129: 6080: 6022:Special Natural Monuments 5991: 5927: 5863: 5804: 5746: 5467:Sansom, Sir George Bailey 4250:library. September 2003. 2676:Imperial Regalia of Japan 2594: 2417:Geographical distribution 2355:Imperial Household Agency 2311: 2260: 2123: 2039:; 40 are hand scrolls or 2023: 1889: 1757: 1698: 1645: 1551: 1535: 1519: 1452: 1441:Auditorium of the former 1381: 1290: 1238: 1182: 1154:—the second modern (post- 1138: 1112:. The structures include 1088: 1068: 972: 931: 915: 821:residences from the late 664: 593: 541: 502: 441:tokubetsu hogo kenzōbutsu 434: 418: 395: 315: 195:added three modern, post- 111: 32:Imperial Regalia of Japan 5934:Folk Cultural Properties 5726:Archaeological materials 5637:Buildings and structures 5443: 5337:. New York: Read Books. 5331:Kishida, Hideto (2008). 5001:Sansom & Sansom 1958 4928:Sansom & Sansom 1958 4767:University of California 4739: 4587: 4556: 4525: 4494: 4435: 4407:Nagayama, Kōkan (1998). 4377: 4321: 4287: 4174:[Map of Nukata-dera 4170: 4140: 4110: 4025: 3999: 3939: 3908: 3699: 3323: 3292: 2476:Four prefectures in the 2278:and the Imperial era of 2163:while another 42 are in 2112:and only extant work by 1733:clay figurines from the 1673:Archaeological materials 1593:on February 5, 1597, at 1433:Miscellaneous structures 518:Restorations during the 6032:Places of Scenic Beauty 5188:Oxford University Press 5037:Nishi & Hozumi 1996 4526:沃懸地杏葉螺鈿太刀かまくら GreenNet 3884:Nishi & Hozumi 1996 2193:Yoshino Mikumari Shrine 1531:, a place for musicians 1268:), purification halls ( 850:and the Buddha Hall of 322:koki kyūbutsu hozonkata 136:(a special body of the 6012:Special Historic Sites 5715:other written material 5358:Encyclopedia of Shinto 5271:Ancient Jomon of Japan 5013:Young & Young 2007 4940:Young & Young 2007 4329:. 2009. Archived from 4295:. 2006. Archived from 4085:"Oura Catholic Church" 3844:"国宝・重要文化財（建造物）の指定について" 3511:Nobuko, Inaba (1998). 3481:. 2009. Archived from 2900:(ACCU). Archived from 2549:of time determined by 2380: 2349: 2322: 2249: 2205:Kumano Hayatama Taisha 2116: 2016: 1882: 1864:Kumano Hayatama Taisha 1835: 1795: 1691: 1634: 1600:Built in 1501 by King 1582:, cedar, and camphor. 1445: 1352: 1231: 1061: 968:The category "castles" 965: 903: 871: 809: 718: 652: 534: 388: 262:, and aristocratic or 255: 199:, National Treasures. 171:carvings; metalworks; 5362:Kokugakuin University 5334:Japanese Architecture 5090:Kyoto National Museum 4957:Tokyo National Museum 4474:Tokyo National Museum 3081:The Nippon Foundation 2738:Slightly broken wall. 2530:Tokyo National Museum 2421:Further information: 2375: 2336: 2301: 2241: 2104: 2000: 1877: 1852:Tsurugaoka Hachimangū 1833: 1787: 1753:The category "crafts" 1743:Tokyo National Museum 1687: 1628: 1568:Built during the mid- 1484:, the Roman Catholic 1440: 1343: 1220: 1056: 961: 902:Designation Procedure 901: 865: 858:Designation procedure 799: 716: 637: 528: 379: 278:. During the ensuing 253: 6042:Registered Monuments 5689:Historical materials 5682:Fine arts and crafts 5268:Habu, Junko (2004). 5161:. London; New York: 4562:Hiroshima Prefecture 4441:Hiroshima Prefecture 4141:国宝・重要文化財（建造物）の指定について 4111:国宝・重要文化財（建造物）の指定について 3788:"State Guest Houses" 3488:on November 10, 2007 3083:. Urban Design Lab, 2698:Under the policy of 2637:Japanese paleolithic 2185:Nara National Museum 2139:to the 13th-century 1870:Historical materials 1721:archaeological sites 1587:26 Christian martyrs 1250:include main halls ( 1130:In 2014, the former 883:is contacted by the 274:was replaced by the 6087:Cultural Landscapes 4436:広島県の文化財 – 梨子地桐文螺鈿腰刀 2344:Triad is a work of 2209:Usuki Stone Buddhas 2203:gods is located at 2177:Okura Museum of Art 2149:Usuki Stone Buddhas 1639:Japanese historical 1344:Great Buddha Hall ( 1145:sangyō kōtsū doboku 1057:Ninomaru Palace at 1014:World Heritage Site 836:cultural properties 699:World Heritage Site 573:The restoration of 191:in 2014 and of the 5825:National Treasures 5592:2019-05-01 at the 4714:, pp. 482–485 3774:, pp. 105–106 2610:Tokugawa shogunate 2588:Shikinen sengū-sai 2581:). The history of 2579:early modern Japan 2381: 2350: 2323: 2250: 2117: 2060:Takamatsuzuka Tomb 2017: 2004:(thunder god) and 1938:Sendai City Museum 1922:Hasekura Tsunenaga 1883: 1879:Hasekura Tsunenaga 1856:Itsukushima Shrine 1836: 1796: 1739:Nanboku-chō period 1725:paleolithic period 1692: 1635: 1446: 1353: 1286:Shikinen sengū-sai 1232: 1202:building in 1876. 1062: 1030:, his family, and 966: 904: 872: 810: 719: 653: 535: 389: 272:Tokugawa shogunate 256: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6228: 6227: 6179: 6178: 6125: 6124: 6076: 6075: 6037:Natural Monuments 5987: 5986: 5923: 5922: 5859: 5858: 5764: 5763: 5721:Ancient documents 5572:978-2-87844-107-9 5543:978-0-8048-3838-2 5457:978-4-635-09031-5 5360:(β1.3 ed.). 5344:978-1-4437-7281-5 5197:978-0-19-533126-4 4873:The Asahi Shimbun 4651:Miyagi Prefecture 3970:"Nomination File" 3818:Tomioka Silk Mill 2687:Explanatory notes 2551:historical events 1614:Ancient documents 1196:Meiji Restoration 1176:Nagano Prefecture 1132:Tomioka Silk Mill 893:protective system 848:Shiramizu Amidadō 844:Ōsaki Hachiman-gū 643:and five-storied 623:Tōdaiji Fujumonkō 276:Meiji Restoration 197:Meiji Restoration 189:Tomioka Silk Mill 106:National Treasure 97: 96: 70: 69: 16:(Redirected from 6279: 6234: 6185: 6131: 6082: 5993: 5929: 5865: 5806: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5768: 5754: 5753: 5672:other structures 5623: 5616: 5609: 5600: 5576: 5547: 5526: 5507: 5486: 5465:Sansom, George; 5461: 5438: 5417: 5397: 5386: 5365: 5348: 5327: 5306: 5285: 5264: 5243: 5222: 5201: 5176: 5151: 5117: 5114:Münsterberg 1957 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5101: 5092:. Archived from 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4963: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4909: 4894: 4886: 4877: 4876: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4769:. Archived from 4763:"The Usuki Site" 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4595:. Archived from 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4564:. Archived from 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4533:. Archived from 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4502:. Archived from 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4443:. Archived from 4431: 4425: 4424: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4394: 4385:. Archived from 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4348: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4317: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4283: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4264: 4258:. Archived from 4248:Tokyo University 4241: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4204: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4182:. Archived from 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4147: 4136: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4117: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4062:. Archived from 4052: 4046: 4045: 4043: 4042: 4033:. Archived from 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4011: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3985: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3947:. Archived from 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3925: 3916:. Archived from 3904: 3898: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3849: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3784: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3695: 3632: 3626: 3617: 3611: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3592: 3581: 3573: 3564: 3558: 3549: 3543: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3508: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3487: 3472: 3464: 3423: 3417: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3398: 3388:. Tokyo, Japan: 3387: 3379: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3331:. Archived from 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3300:. Archived from 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3201: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3135: 3120: 3114: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3093: 3087:. Archived from 3085:Tokyo University 3078: 3069: 3058: 3052: 3033: 3027: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2993: 2982: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2906: 2891: 2879: 2866: 2860: 2843: 2837: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2703: 2696: 2681:Tourism in Japan 2602:Japanese castles 2599: 2597: 2596: 2590: 2516:around 600; and 2506:capital of Japan 2498:Shiga Prefecture 2447: 2435: 2316: 2314: 2313: 2307: 2284:Muromachi period 2273: 2272: 2269: 2267:shoseki, tenseki 2263: 2262: 2247:Ono no Michikaze 2165:Kyoto Prefecture 2134: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2034: 2032: 2026: 2025: 2014:Tawaraya Sōtatsu 1900: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1840:portable shrines 1809:Muromachi period 1768: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1709: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1656: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1530: 1528: 1522: 1521: 1478:Shizutani School 1463: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1443:Shizutani School 1423:Kyoto Prefecture 1392: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1249: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1193: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1149: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1099: 1097: 1091: 1090: 1079: 1077: 1071: 1070: 990:Matsumoto Castle 983: 981: 975: 974: 963:Matsumoto Castle 942: 940: 938:bijutsu kōgeihin 934: 933: 926: 924: 918: 917: 675: 673: 667: 666: 615:Hiroshima Castle 604: 602: 596: 595: 594:重要美術品等ノ保存ニ関スル法律 587:Great Depression 552: 550: 544: 543: 513: 511: 505: 504: 445: 443: 437: 436: 429: 427: 421: 420: 406: 404: 398: 397: 361:Ernest Fenollosa 326: 324: 318: 317: 281:haibutsu kishaku 211:Japan's capitals 209:, the region of 149:Buddhist temples 127: 125: 119: 118: 93: 86: 79: 72: 66: 59: 52: 45: 21: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6241: 6224: 6208: 6192: 6175: 6159: 6138: 6121: 6105: 6089: 6072: 6046: 6000: 5983: 5962: 5936: 5919: 5893: 5872: 5855: 5839: 5813: 5800: 5795: 5765: 5760: 5742: 5677: 5632: 5627: 5594:Wayback Machine 5583: 5573: 5558: 5555: 5553:Further reading 5550: 5544: 5529: 5523: 5510: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5464: 5458: 5448:Buddhist Images 5445: 5441: 5435: 5420: 5406: 5389: 5383: 5368: 5351: 5345: 5330: 5324: 5309: 5303: 5288: 5282: 5267: 5261: 5246: 5240: 5225: 5219: 5204: 5198: 5179: 5173: 5154: 5148: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5099: 5097: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5071: 5067: 5059: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4986: 4984: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4961: 4959: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4913: 4911: 4907: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4866: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4776: 4774: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4685: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4660: 4658: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4631: 4629: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4602: 4600: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4571: 4569: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4540: 4538: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4518: 4509: 4507: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4487: 4478: 4476: 4464: 4463: 4459: 4450: 4448: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4392: 4390: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4361: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4336: 4334: 4323: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4302: 4300: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4221: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4198: 4189: 4187: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4154: 4152: 4148:(in Japanese). 4145: 4142: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4124: 4122: 4118:(in Japanese). 4115: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4094: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4069: 4067: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4040: 4038: 4031:Nishi Hongan-ji 4027: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4009: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3983: 3981: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3941: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3923: 3921: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3857: 3855: 3850:(in Japanese). 3847: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3826: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3754: 3746: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3718: 3716: 3707:(in Japanese). 3701: 3697: 3696: 3635: 3627: 3620: 3612: 3605: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3559: 3552: 3544: 3531: 3522: 3520: 3510: 3509: 3500: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3327:(in Japanese). 3325: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3307: 3305: 3296:(in Japanese). 3294: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3218: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3165: 3156: 3154: 3137: 3136: 3123: 3115: 3106: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3076: 3071: 3070: 3061: 3053: 3036: 3028: 3017: 3009: 3002: 2994: 2985: 2977: 2970: 2962: 2919: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2889: 2881: 2880: 2869: 2861: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2811: 2807: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2672: 2660:Kamakura period 2629: 2627: 2591: 2564: 2562: 2538: 2455: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2425: 2419: 2402: 2378:Emperor Go-Nara 2308: 2296: 2276:classical Japan 2270: 2257: 2236: 2221: 2161:Nara Prefecture 2141:Kamakura period 2120: 2099: 2092: 2048:folding screens 2037:hanging scrolls 2020: 1995: 1988: 1905:, the kings of 1886: 1872: 1828: 1821: 1805:Kamakura period 1782: 1775: 1754: 1751: 1695: 1682: 1675: 1642: 1633:with handprints 1623: 1616: 1561: 1548: 1532: 1516: 1474:Nishi Hongan-ji 1449: 1435: 1419:Nara Prefecture 1378: 1338: 1331: 1287: 1235: 1215: 1208: 1179: 1164: 1135: 1128: 1085: 1065: 1051: 1044: 1018:Japanese castle 969: 956: 949: 928: 912: 909: 860: 707: 671:bunkazai hogohō 661: 632: 590: 548:kokuhō hozonhō 538: 499: 491: 431: 415: 402:koshaji hozonhō 392: 374: 312: 248: 243: 108: 102: 101: 100: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6285: 6283: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6254: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6188: 6181: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6078: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6027:Historic Sites 6024: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5996: 5989: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5925: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5894: 5892: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5847: 5845: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5771: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5711: 5706: 5704:Japanese books 5701: 5696: 5691: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5618: 5611: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5582: 5581:External links 5579: 5578: 5577: 5571: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5548: 5542: 5527: 5521: 5513:Kuntengo Jiten 5508: 5502: 5487: 5481: 5462: 5456: 5439: 5433: 5418: 5404: 5387: 5381: 5366: 5349: 5343: 5328: 5322: 5307: 5301: 5286: 5280: 5265: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5223: 5217: 5202: 5196: 5177: 5171: 5152: 5146: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5118: 5106: 5077: 5065: 5053: 5049:Coaldrake 1996 5041: 5029: 5025:Coaldrake 1996 5017: 5005: 4993: 4968: 4944: 4932: 4920: 4878: 4859: 4840: 4838:, pp. 199 4828: 4815: 4795: 4783: 4753: 4730: 4716: 4704: 4702:, pp. 471 4692: 4667: 4638: 4609: 4578: 4547: 4516: 4485: 4457: 4426: 4419: 4399: 4368: 4343: 4322:合掌土偶について – 八戸市 4309: 4275: 4228: 4196: 4161: 4131: 4101: 4076: 4047: 4016: 3990: 3961: 3930: 3899: 3888: 3876: 3864: 3835: 3804: 3776: 3772:Coaldrake 1996 3764: 3752: 3737: 3725: 3633: 3618: 3603: 3565: 3550: 3529: 3498: 3424: 3409: 3345: 3314: 3283: 3271: 3216: 3188: 3163: 3121: 3117:Coaldrake 2002 3104: 3059: 3055:Coaldrake 2002 3034: 3015: 3011:Jokilehto 2002 3000: 2983: 2968: 2917: 2867: 2863:Jokilehto 2002 2844: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2805: 2792: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2755: 2740: 2731: 2722: 2713: 2704: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2633: 2632: 2618: 2612:destroyed the 2583:Shinto shrines 2568: 2567: 2555: 2537: 2534: 2514:Prince Shōtoku 2449: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2418: 2415: 2401: 2398: 2295: 2292: 2245:attributed to 2220: 2217: 2091: 2088: 2056:Shinto shrines 2010:folding screen 1987: 1984: 1932:, Lord of the 1911:Ryukyu Islands 1896:rekishi shiryō 1871: 1868: 1844:Shinto shrines 1820: 1817: 1813:Shinto shrines 1774: 1771: 1750: 1747: 1674: 1671: 1631:Emperor Go-Uda 1615: 1612: 1506:Shuri, Okinawa 1502:Ryukyu Kingdom 1434: 1431: 1330: 1327: 1323:Nikkō Tōshō-gū 1299:Ujigami Shrine 1274:Shinto shrines 1256:), oratories ( 1229:Ujigami Shrine 1221:Worship hall ( 1207: 1204: 1163: 1160: 1152:Akasaka Palace 1127: 1124: 1102:Akasaka Palace 1043: 1040: 1022:Sengoku period 994:Inuyama Castle 948: 945: 908: 905: 859: 856: 802:Akasaka Palace 706: 703: 631: 628: 496:House of Peers 490: 487: 373: 370: 357:Okakura Kakuzō 302:westernization 260:Shinto shrines 254:Okakura Kakuzō 247: 244: 242: 239: 185:Akasaka Palace 153:Shinto shrines 98: 95: 94: 87: 80: 68: 67: 60: 53: 43: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6284: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6240: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6186: 6182: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5862: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5787: 5785: 5780: 5778: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5757: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5712: 5710: 5709:Chinese books 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5612: 5610: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5595: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5528: 5524: 5522:4-490-10570-3 5518: 5514: 5509: 5505: 5503:1-84176-429-9 5499: 5495: 5494: 5488: 5484: 5482:0-8047-0523-2 5478: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5449: 5440: 5436: 5434:4-7700-1992-0 5430: 5426: 5425: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5405:9780804800426 5401: 5396: 5395: 5388: 5384: 5382:0-7425-2455-8 5378: 5374: 5373: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5329: 5325: 5323:0-7506-5511-9 5319: 5315: 5314: 5308: 5304: 5302:0-300-09407-8 5298: 5294: 5293: 5287: 5283: 5281:0-521-77670-8 5277: 5273: 5272: 5266: 5262: 5260:0-8135-3687-1 5256: 5252: 5251: 5245: 5241: 5239:3-930698-98-6 5235: 5231: 5230: 5224: 5220: 5218:0-631-22955-8 5214: 5210: 5209: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5174: 5172:0-415-05754-X 5168: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5149: 5147:0-415-05754-X 5143: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5116:, p. 117 5115: 5110: 5107: 5096:on 2007-11-29 5095: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5057: 5054: 5051:, p. 106 5050: 5045: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5030: 5027:, p. 104 5026: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4997: 4994: 4983:on 2011-07-21 4982: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4924: 4921: 4910:on 2011-04-09 4906: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4885: 4883: 4879: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4860: 4857:, p. 334 4856: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4832: 4829: 4818: 4816:0-674-80650-6 4812: 4808: 4807: 4799: 4796: 4793:, p. 595 4792: 4787: 4784: 4773:on 2008-12-03 4772: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4754: 4742: 4734: 4731: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4693: 4682:on 2010-12-08 4681: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4657:on 2011-05-12 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4628:on 2011-10-06 4627: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4599:on 2009-07-21 4598: 4594: 4593:Kasuga Taisha 4590: 4582: 4579: 4568:on 2011-07-19 4567: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4548: 4537:on 2011-07-22 4536: 4532: 4531:Kamakura city 4528: 4520: 4517: 4506:on 2011-07-22 4505: 4501: 4500:Kamakura city 4497: 4489: 4486: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4447:on 2009-11-28 4446: 4442: 4438: 4430: 4427: 4422: 4420:4-7700-2071-6 4416: 4412: 4411: 4403: 4400: 4389:on 2011-07-19 4388: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4369: 4358:on 2007-12-08 4357: 4353: 4347: 4344: 4333:on 2018-03-26 4332: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4299:on 2008-05-05 4298: 4294: 4290: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4265:on 2011-06-05 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4232: 4229: 4218:on 2011-06-13 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4186:on 2009-02-12 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4165: 4162: 4151: 4143: 4135: 4132: 4121: 4113: 4105: 4102: 4091:on 2013-05-10 4090: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4066:on 2012-02-21 4065: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4037:on 2009-04-06 4036: 4032: 4028: 4020: 4017: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3991: 3980:on 2012-10-25 3979: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3962: 3951:on 2010-01-11 3950: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3931: 3920:on 2010-01-11 3919: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3865: 3853: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3794:on 2010-02-21 3793: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3753: 3750:, p. 315 3749: 3744: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3726: 3715:on 2005-12-28 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3700:国指定文化財データベース 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3631:, p. 335 3630: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3616:, p. 333 3615: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3593:on 2011-08-13 3589: 3585: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3530: 3519:on 2009-10-05 3518: 3514: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3422:, p. 171 3421: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3399:on 2017-12-16 3395: 3391: 3384: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3335:on 2010-01-11 3334: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3315: 3304:on 2010-01-11 3303: 3299: 3295: 3287: 3284: 3281:, p. 135 3280: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3205: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3186:, p. 332 3185: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3119:, p. 249 3118: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3094:on 2011-07-22 3090: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3057:, p. 248 3056: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3013:, p. 279 3012: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2998:, p. 331 2997: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2907:on 2011-05-24 2903: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2865:, p. 280 2864: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2752: 2751: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2631: 2630: 2617: 2615: 2614:Toyotomi clan 2611: 2607: 2606:Azuchi Castle 2603: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2554: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2512:, founded by 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2478:Kansai region 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2446: 2434: 2424: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2320: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2268: 2255: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2197:Yoshino, Nara 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2082:with 51, and 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1993: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1934:Sendai Domain 1931: 1930:Date Masamune 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1897: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1860:Kasuga-taisha 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1826: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1780: 1772: 1770: 1765: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1690: 1686: 1680: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1640: 1632: 1629:Testament of 1627: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1608:Tsūjun Bridge 1605: 1603: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1543: 1527: 1513: 1511: 1510:Tsūjun Bridge 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1444: 1439: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1425:. The temple 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415:Kansai region 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1389: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1360: 1359: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1336: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1319:Kansai region 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1246: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1200:western-style 1197: 1190: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168:Kaichi School 1161: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1133: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1083: 1076: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002:Matsue Castle 999: 998:Hikone Castle 995: 991: 987: 986:Himeji Castle 980: 964: 960: 954: 946: 944: 939: 923: 906: 900: 896: 894: 891: 886: 880: 878: 869: 864: 857: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 828: 824: 819: 815: 807: 803: 798: 794: 792: 788: 783: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 753:(present day 752: 751:Asuka, Yamato 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 715: 711: 704: 702: 700: 696: 690: 686: 684: 679: 678:value at risk 672: 658: 650: 646: 642: 641: 636: 629: 627: 625: 624: 620: 619:Buddhist text 616: 612: 607: 601: 588: 583: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 561: 557: 549: 532: 531:Himeji Castle 527: 523: 521: 515: 510: 497: 488: 486: 484: 480: 479: 474: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 451: 450: 442: 426: 412: 410: 403: 387: 383: 380:First of the 378: 371: 369: 367: 362: 358: 354: 353:Kiyomizu-dera 350: 349: 344: 340: 339: 334: 330: 323: 310: 307:In 1871, the 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 252: 245: 240: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 198: 194: 193:Kaichi School 190: 187:in 2009, the 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 139: 135: 131: 124: 117: 114: 107: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 73: 65: 61: 58: 54: 51: 47: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6197:Designations 6143:Designations 6094:Designations 5877:Designations 5824: 5737:other crafts 5735: 5713: 5670: 5663: 5629: 5561: 5532: 5512: 5492: 5471: 5447: 5423: 5393: 5371: 5357: 5333: 5312: 5291: 5270: 5249: 5228: 5207: 5182: 5157: 5132: 5109: 5098:. Retrieved 5094:the original 5080: 5075:, p. 83 5068: 5063:, p. 27 5056: 5044: 5039:, p. 93 5032: 5020: 5015:, p. 50 5008: 5003:, p. 49 4996: 4985:. Retrieved 4981:the original 4971: 4960:. Retrieved 4947: 4942:, p. 44 4935: 4930:, p. 82 4923: 4912:. Retrieved 4905:the original 4896: 4872: 4862: 4831: 4820:. Retrieved 4805: 4798: 4786: 4775:. Retrieved 4771:the original 4756: 4745:. Retrieved 4733: 4724: 4719: 4707: 4695: 4684:. Retrieved 4680:the original 4670: 4659:. Retrieved 4655:the original 4647:"慶長遣欧使節関係資料" 4641: 4630:. Retrieved 4626:the original 4618:"琉球国王尚家関係資料" 4612: 4601:. Retrieved 4597:the original 4581: 4570:. Retrieved 4566:the original 4550: 4539:. Retrieved 4535:the original 4519: 4508:. Retrieved 4504:the original 4488: 4477:. Retrieved 4469: 4460: 4449:. Retrieved 4445:the original 4429: 4409: 4402: 4391:. Retrieved 4387:the original 4371: 4360:. Retrieved 4356:the original 4346: 4335:. Retrieved 4331:the original 4301:. Retrieved 4297:the original 4267:. 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Retrieved 3302:the original 3286: 3279:Yoshida 2001 3274: 3269:, p. 13 3208:. Retrieved 3206:. 1992-10-01 3191: 3155:. Retrieved 3143: 3096:. Retrieved 3089:the original 3080: 3032:, p. 39 3030:Edwards 2005 2981:, p. 38 2979:Edwards 2005 2966:, p. 12 2909:. Retrieved 2902:the original 2893: 2842:, p. 15 2840:Hickman 2002 2835: 2814:Gotoh Museum 2808: 2800: 2795: 2786: 2777: 2768: 2758: 2748: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2716: 2707: 2700:State Shinto 2694: 2664: 2656:sutra mounds 2648:Jōmon period 2646:date to the 2644:civilization 2641: 2634: 2569: 2546:architecture 2542:Japanese art 2539: 2522: 2475: 2456: 2411: 2403: 2393: 2386: 2382: 2367: 2351: 2328: 2324: 2317:, a type of 2251: 2242: 2137:Asuka period 2118: 2106:Amida Nyorai 2018: 1972:Inō Tadataka 1969:cartographer 1958: 1919: 1884: 1848:Asuka Shrine 1837: 1801:Asuka period 1797: 1752: 1735:Jōmon period 1728: 1717:sutra mounds 1693: 1636: 1606: 1599: 1589:executed by 1584: 1573: 1567: 1514: 1447: 1407:Asuka period 1402: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1345: 1303:Heian period 1285: 1278:Heian period 1269: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1233: 1222: 1165: 1129: 1117: 1082:Meiji period 1063: 1025: 1010:watch towers 967: 910: 890:South Korean 881: 873: 827:Shōwa period 817: 811: 806:Meiji period 781: 779: 759:Fujiwara-kyō 722: 720: 708: 691: 687: 656: 654: 638: 621: 611:World War II 608: 584: 578: 572: 536: 520:Meiji period 516: 503:史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法 492: 476: 458: 447: 413: 390: 346: 336: 306: 288:and destroy 279: 268:Feudal Japan 257: 205: 201: 181:Jōmon period 177:Meiji period 142: 105: 103: 40: 4855:Gibbon 2005 3896:Kuroda 2005 3629:Gibbon 2005 3614:Gibbon 2005 3184:Gibbon 2005 3144:Japan Times 2996:Gibbon 2005 2480:of central 2346:Tori Busshi 2319:entablature 2288:calligraphy 2064:Kitora Tomb 2008:(wind god) 1942:Pope Paul V 1719:, or other 1659:calligraphy 1591:crucifixion 1558:hashigakari 1486:Ōura Church 1403:Daibutsuden 1346:Daibutsuden 1059:Nijō Castle 808:and later). 787:lacquerware 755:Asuka, Nara 478:Daibutsuden 343:Tōshōdai-ji 231:prefectural 169:lacquerware 161:calligraphy 159:; works of 6256:Categories 5699:Sculptures 5649:Residences 5100:2009-05-15 4987:2009-05-15 4962:2011-05-08 4914:2010-11-04 4822:2009-06-13 4777:2009-06-16 4747:2009-06-14 4686:2010-07-02 4661:2009-12-12 4632:2009-12-12 4603:2009-09-10 4572:2009-09-10 4541:2009-05-22 4510:2009-05-22 4479:2009-08-27 4451:2009-09-29 4393:2009-06-04 4362:2009-05-14 4337:2009-11-30 4303:2009-05-13 4269:2010-01-03 4222:2010-11-04 4190:2009-05-11 4155:2023-07-01 4125:2018-10-19 4095:2009-11-14 4070:2009-11-14 4060:Bizen city 4041:2009-11-14 4010:2009-11-23 3984:2009-11-23 3955:2009-11-23 3924:2009-11-23 3858:2019-10-19 3829:2015-09-08 3798:2009-12-01 3719:2009-12-15 3597:2011-08-29 3523:2009-11-30 3492:2010-05-24 3403:2017-12-17 3339:2009-11-23 3308:2009-11-23 3210:2009-12-16 3157:2009-12-02 3098:2010-05-24 2911:2010-05-24 2823:References 2496:(64), and 2400:Statistics 2342:Shakyamuni 2243:Akihagi-jō 2211:belong to 2207:; and the 2090:Sculptures 1961:Edo period 1903:Shō family 1819:Non-swords 1705:kōkoshiryō 1663:Edo period 1570:Edo period 1508:, and the 1421:and 31 in 1411:Edo period 1321:of Japan. 1282:Edo period 922:kenzōbutsu 907:Categories 852:Seihaku-ji 345:, and the 290:Shākyamuni 284:("abolish 266:families. 5998:Monuments 5694:Paintings 5414:484789120 5163:Routledge 5138:Routledge 5073:Habu 2004 5061:Habu 2004 4676:"伊能忠敬記念館" 4622:Naha city 4378:日高村文化財国宝 4327:Hachinohe 4256:0495-7873 4171:額田寺伽藍並条里図 3748:Deal 2007 3152:0447-5763 2828:Citations 2816:in Tokyo. 2801:recommend 2658:from the 2471:Tokushima 2173:Kōfuku-ji 2043:; 24 are 2041:emakimono 1986:Paintings 1954:Ceylonese 1881:in prayer 1637:Valuable 1498:mausoleum 1468:stage in 1459:sono hoka 1270:haraedono 1172:Matsumoto 1114:teahouses 1080:from the 1032:retainers 840:Zuigan-ji 763:Kashihara 743:Heian-kyō 735:Heijō-kyō 655:When the 579:Nandaimon 560:teahouses 529:In 1931, 409:Itō Chūta 384:owned by 366:curricula 309:Daijō-kan 229:, public 5756:Category 5590:Archived 5469:(1958). 4588:本宮御料古神宝類 4557:厳島神社古神宝類 4005:Tōdai-ji 3945:Hōryū-ji 3914:Hōryū-ji 3329:Hōryū-ji 3298:Hōryū-ji 2803:repairs. 2670:See also 2510:Hōryū-ji 2467:Miyazaki 2459:Hokkaido 2338:Hōryū-ji 2219:Writings 2191:and the 2169:Hōryū-ji 2157:Kamakura 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