30:
41:
2786:
1582:
2850:
962:
Khams Pa
Histories: Visions of People, Place and Authority : PIATS 2000 : Tibetan Studies : Proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000
1547:
1542:
2197:
2684:
3445:
1572:
3406:
1357:
2779:
3450:
3286:
1897:
3125:
1803:
2865:
2481:
793:
to Lhasa, it is said that You Tai had not yet arrived, and Yugang continued running the office. Other assistant ambans, Naqin and Gui Lin had not arrived either.
3270:
3241:
2860:
2316:
1514:
2942:
1902:
1930:
1494:
2930:
2915:
1778:
1362:
2617:
1479:
1220:
1163:
105:, colloquially "High Commissioner"). With increasing diplomatic contacts between the British and the Qing in from the 1890s, some assistant ambans (
3653:
2992:
2160:
1271:
1117:
3684:
2925:
1087:
1066:
2542:
959:
Coleman, William M. (2002), "The
Uprising at Batang: Khams and its Significance in Chinese and Tibetan History", in Lawrence Epstein (ed.),
3720:
3154:
2905:
2818:
2557:
1842:
65:
1352:
1037:
The McMahon Line and After: A Study of the
Triangular Contest on India's North-eastern Frontier Between Britain, China and Tibet, 1904–47
2823:
2727:
3370:
2739:
2612:
2436:
1457:
1412:
3659:
3500:
3375:
2732:
2309:
1484:
1045:
970:
45:
1397:
29:
3730:
3470:
1437:
3587:
2830:
2517:
2403:
2274:
2155:
1989:
1130:
2552:
2491:
2451:
3725:
3171:
3037:
2805:
2461:
1832:
1798:
1607:
1210:
2652:
2592:
40:
3605:
3380:
3236:
2920:
2910:
2895:
2890:
2722:
2672:
2426:
1847:
1648:
111:
78:
69:
1504:
3715:
3364:
3009:
2875:
2769:
2379:
2369:
2302:
2248:
1852:
1694:
3281:
3264:
2774:
2749:
2712:
2622:
2582:
2334:
1655:
1447:
1407:
1153:
790:
3664:
3110:
1935:
1864:
1857:
1815:
1597:
1382:
1110:
2572:
2359:
1940:
1874:
908:
3674:
3393:
3322:
3115:
2647:
2441:
1727:
1718:
1602:
1592:
1392:
1215:
1168:
1283:
1253:
1225:
3595:
3415:
3149:
3120:
2870:
2064:
1577:
200:
153:
615:
453:
417:
501:
489:
399:
362:
3191:
2657:
2642:
2476:
2374:
2231:
1892:
1790:
1643:
1638:
1158:
767:
633:
465:
429:
411:
260:
248:
182:
471:
405:
302:
278:
3572:
3460:
3341:
3166:
2384:
1562:
1521:
188:
3465:
2527:
2431:
1472:
1432:
1340:
3646:
3505:
3132:
3094:
2982:
2962:
2880:
2679:
2662:
2496:
2225:
2081:
2076:
2053:
1820:
1499:
1387:
1320:
1263:
1103:
98:
61:
17:
639:
3577:
3544:
3510:
3455:
3335:
3317:
3027:
2957:
2764:
2547:
1825:
1557:
1462:
1235:
981:
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan
Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842–1939
591:
3630:
3480:
3420:
3352:
3032:
2885:
2840:
2587:
2466:
2446:
2354:
2036:
1869:
1567:
1509:
1278:
447:
194:
603:
549:
519:
386:
344:
284:
206:
157:
3515:
3226:
3221:
3047:
2987:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2791:
2637:
2456:
2212:
2177:
1994:
1964:
1810:
1679:
1622:
1422:
1417:
1402:
1013:
477:
230:
332:
320:
3525:
3520:
3495:
3440:
3435:
3358:
3306:
3211:
3042:
2947:
2845:
2744:
2707:
2632:
2562:
2532:
2486:
2187:
1974:
1969:
1552:
1537:
1442:
1427:
1083:
1062:
1056:
1041:
1005:
966:
573:
543:
537:
525:
483:
308:
290:
272:
242:
218:
161:
49:
1077:
960:
668:
627:
609:
597:
579:
567:
356:
326:
314:
296:
266:
236:
212:
3679:
3562:
3485:
3425:
3231:
2952:
2813:
2759:
2602:
2567:
2471:
2396:
2364:
2267:
2167:
2118:
2101:
1984:
1918:
1758:
1587:
1489:
1467:
1138:
997:
645:
561:
555:
513:
495:
459:
441:
435:
380:
338:
254:
106:
73:
53:
732:
1906–1907 (Han), refused appointment as assistant amban, but effectively functioned as one.
585:
531:
350:
224:
3694:
3640:
3490:
3475:
3299:
2754:
2717:
2667:
2627:
2577:
2522:
2391:
2182:
2172:
2069:
1708:
1703:
1689:
1452:
1315:
1303:
1197:
1184:
687:
368:
133:
129:
3557:
3430:
3196:
3159:
2607:
2597:
2537:
2283:
2238:
2218:
2144:
2086:
1202:
144:
The ethnicity of several ambans are unknown. By ethnicity, of the 80 ambans, most were
90:
3709:
3669:
3635:
3600:
3216:
3206:
3022:
2413:
2192:
1660:
1017:
729:
708:
145:
1079:
China's Last
Imperial Frontier: Late Qing Expansion in Sichuan's Tibetan Borderlands
3689:
3386:
3328:
3017:
2999:
2855:
2325:
2150:
2106:
2096:
2048:
2043:
2026:
1674:
1345:
988:
Ho, Dahpon David (2008). "The Men Who Would Not Be Amban and the One Who Would".
3625:
3346:
3067:
3062:
2131:
2126:
739:
701:
165:
149:
121:
3293:
3137:
3087:
3057:
2900:
2243:
2031:
1837:
1753:
1328:
1192:
762:
1035:
1009:
1001:
391:
3082:
3072:
1999:
1713:
1293:
679:
117:
3567:
3312:
3259:
3201:
3077:
3052:
1669:
1248:
965:, International Association for Tibetan Studies / BRILL, pp. 31–56,
621:
3552:
2137:
2091:
2006:
1298:
718:
694:
169:
2294:
2016:
1665:
1548:
29-Article
Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)
1543:
13-Article
Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)
1308:
743:
683:
507:
423:
374:
125:
3276:
2835:
2202:
2021:
2011:
1884:
1573:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)
1126:
1025:
Kolmaš, Josef (1994), "The Ambans and
Assistant Ambans of Tibet",
85:
39:
34:
28:
1095:
2935:
1748:
1743:
1243:
2298:
1099:
1979:
825:
823:
821:
3446:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
866:
864:
862:
116:) were just as notable as the senior ambans. Two of them,
60:
From 1727 until 1912, roughly corresponding to the era of
1598:
Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)
1583:
Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)
3618:
3586:
3543:
3536:
3451:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
3405:
3250:
3182:
3103:
3008:
2804:
2695:
2505:
2412:
2342:
2333:
2117:
1953:
1917:
1883:
1777:
1736:
1621:
1530:
1373:
1177:
1146:
1137:
172:were known to have served as ambans, perhaps more.
281:班第 1750–1752 (the first with official Amban title)
177:H=Han, M=Mongol, ?=unknown, unmarked=Manchu)
83:). The official rank of the imperial resident is
2851:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
910:Travels of a consular officer in eastern tibet
785:
783:
3271:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
3242:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
2310:
1515:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
1111:
8:
3540:
2339:
2317:
2303:
2295:
1957:
1923:
1783:
1631:
1627:
1143:
1118:
1104:
1096:
870:
829:
2931:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
2780:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
882:
661:Assistant: Gui Lin 桂霖 1903–1904 (Manchu)
128:, were both murdered, the former in the
18:List of Qing imperial residents in Tibet
3387:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
853:
841:
805:
779:
1272:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
812:
655:Assistant: An Cheng 1900–1902 (Manchu)
3685:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2926:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1353:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule
931:
7:
2906:Ministry of Posts and Communications
1480:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet
44:The letter from Governor Wenshuo to
3654:History of Qing (People's Republic)
907:Teichman, Eric (28 February 2019).
789:In 1904, when the British sent the
658:Assistant: Naqin 1902–1903 (Manchu)
3371:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
2740:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
2733:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
2613:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
2437:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
1458:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1413:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
983:, Columbia University (PhD thesis)
943:
894:
735:Assistant: Wen Tsung-Yao 1906–1912
25:
3660:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
3501:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
3376:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
2528:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
1495:Protests and uprisings since 1950
1485:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet
682:鳳全 1904–1905 (Manchu), placed at
335:留保住 1775–1779, 1785–1786 (Mongol)
46:Khadga Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
3471:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
2787:Articles of Favourable Treatment
2543:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
1603:70,000 Character Petition (1962)
1593:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)
1029:, Prague: The Oriental Institute
1027:Archiv Orientální. Supplementa 7
2518:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
2404:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1578:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)
3172:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
2462:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1833:Patron and priest relationship
1799:Central Tibetan Administration
1608:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy
1058:The Politics of Imagining Asia
33:The residence of the Amban in
1:
3606:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
3381:Islam during the Qing dynasty
3237:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2921:Provincial military commander
2911:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2896:Imperial Household Department
2723:Preparative Constitutionalism
2427:Sino-Russian border conflicts
2198:Historical and cultural sites
1563:Convention of Calcutta (1890)
3365:Researches on Manchu Origins
2770:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
2380:Transition from Ming to Qing
2370:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1538:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)
1061:. Harvard University Press.
979:Coleman, William M. (2014),
752:General Zhong Ying 1912–1913
191:馬臘 1728,1729–1731, 1733–1736
3721:Tibet history-related lists
3265:Changzhou School of Thought
2775:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
2750:Railway Protection Movement
2728:1909 Parliamentary election
2713:British expedition to Tibet
2623:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
2583:Self-Strengthening Movement
2558:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
1558:Treaty of Thapathali (1856)
1448:British expedition to Tibet
1438:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)
1408:Battle of the Salween River
3747:
3665:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
2553:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
2492:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
2482:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
2452:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
1931:Postage and postal history
1383:Tibetan attack on Songzhou
3675:Names of the Qing dynasty
3323:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2653:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
2648:Gongche Shangshu movement
2593:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
2442:Chinese Rites controversy
2261:
1960:
1926:
1786:
1634:
1630:
1393:Mongol invasions of Tibet
1034:Mehra, Parshotam (1974),
913:. CUP Archive. p. 22
110:
94:
77:
3596:Great Qing Treasure Note
3416:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
3126:Administrative divisions
2943:Administrative divisions
2871:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1791:Tibet Autonomous Region
1553:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
1505:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
1002:10.1177/0097700407312856
124:, who were stationed in
3731:Lists of Chinese people
3192:Chengde Mountain Resort
2993:Three Eastern Provinces
2643:First Sino-Japanese War
2618:Northern Chinese Famine
2477:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
2375:Qing invasion of Joseon
1898:TAR People's Government
1858:Serfs' Emancipation Day
1398:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
1050:– via archive.org
791:Younghusband expedition
768:List of rulers of Tibet
528:孟保 1839–1842/1843 (Han)
490:Huixian (Qing official)
257:索拜 1741–1744, 1747–1748
3573:Great Qing Copper Coin
3461:Convention of Tientsin
3394:Annotated Bibliography
3342:Qing official headwear
2385:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1568:Treaty of Lhasa (1904)
1522:Special Frontier Force
564:赫特賀 1853–1857 (Mongol)
438:策拔克 1804–1805 (Mongol)
329:伍彌泰 1773–1775 (Mongol)
57:
37:
3726:Tibet under Qing rule
3647:Draft History of Qing
3506:Treaty of Shimonoseki
3287:performance criticism
2891:Imperial Commissioner
2881:Great Qing Legal Code
2680:Eight-Nation Alliance
2663:Third plague pandemic
2573:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
2497:White Lotus Rebellion
1941:Qinghai–Tibet railway
1936:Qinghai-Tibet Highway
1903:TAR People's Congress
1875:India–Tibet relations
1848:Independence movement
1500:1959 Tibetan uprising
1388:Battle of Dafei River
1236:Era of Fragmentation
721:聯豫 1906–1912 (Manchu)
697:聯豫 1905–1906 (Manchu)
671:有泰 1904–1906 (Mongol)
648:裕鋼 1900–1902 (Mongol)
624:升泰 1890–1892 (Mongol)
588:恩麟 1868–1872 (Mongol)
570:滿慶 1857–1862 (Mongol)
414:松筠 1794–1799 (Mongol)
365:巴忠 1788–1789 (Mongol)
215:青保 1731–1734 (Mongol)
72:-resident of Tibet" (
70:imperial commissioner
62:Tibet under Qing rule
43:
32:
3578:Great Qing Gold Coin
3511:Treaty of Tarbagatai
3456:Convention of Peking
3336:Pentaglot Dictionary
3318:Literary inquisition
3028:Ever Victorious Army
2861:Deliberative Council
2765:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
2718:1905 Batang uprising
2658:Hundred Days' Reform
2548:Small Swords Society
2249:Traditional medicine
1463:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1284:Relations with Ming
1254:Relations with Song
1226:Relations with Tang
1164:European exploration
1076:Wang, Xiuyu (2011),
3716:Qing dynasty people
3631:Anti-Qing sentiment
3481:Treaty of the Bogue
3421:Treaty of Nerchinsk
3353:Complete Tang Poems
3033:Green Standard Army
2916:Provincial governor
2886:Imperial Clan Court
2866:Diplomatic missions
2841:Consultative Bureau
2588:Tongzhi Restoration
2467:Afaqi Khoja revolts
2447:Ten Great Campaigns
2355:Jurchen unification
1893:Regional Government
1870:CIA Tibetan program
1853:Serfdom controversy
1737:Traditional regions
1588:Simla Accord (1914)
1510:2008 Tibetan unrest
1334:List of Qing ambans
1279:Phagmodrupa dynasty
1082:, Lexington Books,
856:, pp. 211–212.
815:, pp. 461–465.
209:包進忠 1729–1732 (Han)
168:. At least fifteen
3516:Treaty of Tientsin
3227:Western Qing tombs
3222:Eastern Qing tombs
3048:Peking Field Force
2792:Manchu Restoration
2685:Declaration of war
2638:Jindandao incident
2457:Lhasa riot of 1750
2207:(ceremonial scarf)
2178:Dzong architecture
1995:Imperial Preceptor
1865:Sovereignty debate
1811:Etymology of Tibet
1423:Lhasa riot of 1750
1418:Jinchuan campaigns
1403:Battle of Dartsedo
1321:Qing dynasty rule
1264:Yuan dynasty rule
1238:(9th–13th century)
1055:Wang, Hui (2011).
203:周瑛 1727–1729 (Han)
132:and the latter in
58:
38:
3703:
3702:
3614:
3613:
3526:Treaty of Whampoa
3521:Treaty of Wanghia
3496:Treaty of Nanking
3466:Li–Lobanov Treaty
3441:Chefoo Convention
3436:Burlingame Treaty
3307:Kangxi Dictionary
3212:Old Summer Palace
3043:Firearm Battalion
2846:Cup of Solid Gold
2800:
2799:
2745:Manchurian plague
2708:Late Qing reforms
2699:(1901–1912)
2633:Sikkim expedition
2563:Panthay Rebellion
2533:Taiping Rebellion
2509:(1801–1900)
2487:Sino-Nepalese War
2432:Dzungar–Qing Wars
2418:(1683–1799)
2346:(1616–1683)
2292:
2291:
2257:
2256:
1949:
1948:
1913:
1912:
1816:Foreign relations
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1617:
1616:
1473:Qinghai–Tibet War
1443:Sikkim expedition
1433:Dogra–Tibetan War
1428:Sino-Nepalese War
1363:political leaders
1341:Post-Qing to 1950
1294:Rinpungpa dynasty
1205:(7th–9th century)
1089:978-0-7391-6809-7
1068:978-0-674-05519-3
832:, pp. 90–91.
510:文蔚 1834–1835,1853
287:多爾濟 1752–1754 (?)
134:Xinhai Revolution
103:bod bzhugs am ban
50:Governor of Palpa
16:(Redirected from
3738:
3680:New Qing History
3563:Qianlong Tongbao
3541:
3486:Treaty of Canton
3426:Unequal treaties
3232:Fuling Mausoleum
2831:Advisory Council
2760:Wuchang Uprising
2700:
2603:Tianjin Massacre
2568:Second Opium War
2510:
2472:Sino-Burmese War
2419:
2397:Battle of Penghu
2365:Seven Grievances
2347:
2340:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2296:
2277:
2270:
2208:
1985:Tibetan Buddhism
1958:
1924:
1794:
1784:
1632:
1628:
1490:Battle of Chamdo
1468:Sino-Tibetan War
1324:
1287:
1267:
1257:
1239:
1229:
1216:List of emperors
1206:
1188:
1169:Historical money
1144:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1092:
1072:
1051:
1030:
1021:
984:
975:
947:
941:
935:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
816:
810:
794:
787:
516:慶祿 1836 (Mongol)
426:和甯 1800 (Mongol)
395:
371:普福 1790 (Mongol)
115:
96:
82:
21:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3695:Willow Palisade
3641:Chuang Guandong
3610:
3582:
3532:
3491:Treaty of Kulja
3476:Treaty of Aigun
3409:
3401:
3300:History of Ming
3252:
3246:
3184:
3178:
3104:Special regions
3099:
3038:Imperial Guards
3004:
2796:
2755:1911 Revolution
2701:
2698:
2691:
2668:Boxer Rebellion
2628:Sino-French War
2578:Amur Annexation
2523:First Opium War
2511:
2508:
2501:
2420:
2417:
2408:
2392:Great Clearance
2348:
2345:
2329:
2323:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2253:
2206:
2113:
1945:
1909:
1879:
1792:
1765:
1732:
1709:Tibetan Plateau
1704:Rongbuk Glacier
1690:Yarlung Tsangpo
1613:
1526:
1453:Batang uprising
1375:
1369:
1322:
1316:Khoshut Khanate
1304:Ganden Phodrang
1299:Tsangpa dynasty
1285:
1265:
1255:
1237:
1227:
1204:
1198:Yarlung dynasty
1186:
1173:
1133:
1124:
1090:
1075:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1033:
1024:
987:
978:
973:
958:
950:
942:
938:
930:
926:
916:
914:
906:
905:
901:
893:
889:
881:
877:
871:Xiuyu Wang 2011
869:
860:
852:
848:
840:
836:
830:Xiuyu Wang 2011
828:
819:
811:
807:
803:
798:
797:
788:
781:
776:
759:
711:1904–1906 (Han)
704:1904–1906 (Han)
688:Batang uprising
389:
142:
130:Batang uprising
95:བོད་བཞུགས་ཨམ་བན
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3558:Kangxi Tongbao
3555:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Boxer Protocol
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3197:Forbidden City
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3160:General of Ili
3157:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3143:List of ambans
3140:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Margary Affair
2605:
2600:
2598:Mudan incident
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Nian Rebellion
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2222:
2210:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2156:wall paintings
2153:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2087:Tibetan people
2084:
2082:Social classes
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:Nature Reserve
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1358:PRC annexation
1350:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:List of rulers
1156:
1150:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1052:
1046:
1031:
1022:
996:(2): 210–246.
985:
976:
971:
955:
954:
949:
948:
936:
934:, p. 124.
924:
899:
897:, p. 212.
887:
885:, p. 167.
875:
858:
846:
834:
817:
804:
802:
799:
796:
795:
778:
777:
775:
772:
771:
770:
765:
758:
755:
754:
753:
749:
748:
747:
746:
736:
733:
723:
722:
715:
714:
713:
712:
705:
698:
691:
686:, murdered in
673:
672:
665:
664:
663:
662:
659:
656:
650:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
384:
378:
372:
366:
360:
354:
348:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
311:阿敏爾圖 1764–1766
306:
300:
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
264:
258:
252:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
216:
210:
204:
198:
192:
186:
148:and four were
141:
138:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3743:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Manchu people
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Canton System
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:Hubu Guanpiao
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:Society &
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Summer Palace
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3207:Mukden Palace
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:Palaces &
3181:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Eight Banners
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Grand Council
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2696:20th century
2694:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2506:19th century
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1647:
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1047:9780333157374
1043:
1040:, Macmillan,
1039:
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1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
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1007:
1003:
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995:
991:
986:
982:
977:
974:
972:90-04-12423-3
968:
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945:
940:
937:
933:
928:
925:
912:
911:
903:
900:
896:
891:
888:
884:
883:Hui Wang 2011
879:
876:
873:, p. 91.
872:
867:
865:
863:
859:
855:
850:
847:
844:, p. 41.
843:
838:
835:
831:
826:
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818:
814:
809:
806:
800:
792:
786:
784:
780:
773:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
751:
750:
745:
742:趙爾豐 (Han) at
741:
737:
734:
731:
730:Zhang Yintang
727:
726:
725:
724:
720:
717:
716:
710:
709:Zhang Yintang
706:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:
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670:
667:
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647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
606:色楞額 1879–1885
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
552:穆騰額 1848–1852
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
522:關聖保 1836–1839
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
462:瑚圖禮 1811–1813
461:
458:
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449:
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367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
347:博清額 1780–1785
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
323:莽古賚 1767–1773
322:
319:
317:官保 1766–1767
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
293:薩拉善 1754–1757
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
269:拉布敦 1748–1749
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
245:杭弈祿 1737–1738
244:
241:
239:那素泰 1734–1737
238:
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229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
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119:
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92:
88:
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80:
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71:
67:
63:
55:
51:
47:
42:
36:
31:
27:
19:
3690:Treaty ports
3652:
3645:
3619:Other topics
3392:
3385:
3363:
3351:
3334:
3329:Peiwen Yunfu
3327:
3305:
3298:
3269:
3142:
3018:Beiyang Army
3000:Zongli Yamen
2856:Da-Qing Bank
2673:Red Lanterns
2326:Qing dynasty
2224:
2217:
2203:
2151:sand mandala
2143:
2136:
2077:Sinicization
2049:Panchen Lama
2044:Lhamo La-tso
2027:Ganden Tripa
1821:Human rights
1695:Grand Canyon
1675:Namcha Barwa
1668: /
1346:Tibetan Army
1333:
1244:Guge kingdom
1078:
1057:
1036:
1026:
993:
990:Modern China
989:
980:
961:
939:
927:
915:. Retrieved
909:
902:
890:
878:
854:Coleman 2014
849:
842:Coleman 2002
837:
808:
636:文海 1896–1900
630:奎煥 1892–1896
618:長庚 1888–1890
612:文碩 1885–1888
600:松溎 1874–1879
594:承繼 1872–1874
582:景紋 1861–1869
576:崇實 1859–1861
546:斌良 1847–1848
540:琦善 1843–1847
534:海朴 1842–1843
520:Guanshengbao
504:隆文 1833–1834
498:興科 1830–1833
492:惠顯 1827–1830
486:松廷 1823–1827
474:玉麟 1817–1820
468:喜明 1814–1817
456:陽春 1811–1812
450:文弼 1808–1811
444:玉甯 1805–1808
432:福甯 1803–1804
420:英善 1799–1803
408:和琳 1792–1794
402:成德 1792–1793
396:鄂輝 1791–1792
377:保泰 1790–1791
359:舒濂 1788–1790
353:佛智 1788–1789
341:索琳 1779–1780
305:輔鼐 1761–1764
299:官保 1757–1761
263:傅清 1744–1748
251:紀山 1738–1741
227:李柱 1732–1733
221:苗壽 1731–1734
207:Bao Jinzhong
197:邁祿 1727–1733
185:僧格 1727–1733
176:
174:
158:Bao Jinzhong
143:
102:
84:
66:Qing Emperor
59:
26:
3626:Aisin Gioro
3588:Paper money
3347:Qing poetry
3068:Wuwei Corps
3063:Shuishiying
2824:Family tree
2161:wall murals
2065:Catholicism
1649:Environment
1323:(1720–1912)
1286:(1368–1644)
1266:(1270–1350)
1187:(Neolithic)
1185:Prehistory
813:Kolmaš 1994
740:Zhao Erfeng
738:Assistant:
728:Assistant:
702:Tang Shaoyi
693:Assistant:
678:Assistant:
390: [
166:Zhao Erfeng
122:Zhao Erfeng
68:appointed "
3710:Categories
3294:Four Wangs
3185:mausoleums
3138:Golden Urn
3111:Inner Asia
3088:Xiang Army
3058:Hushenying
2983:Liangguang
2963:Liangjiang
2901:Lifan Yuan
2806:Government
2244:Tibetology
2213:Literature
2032:Dalai Lama
1885:Government
1843:Tibet Area
1838:Golden Urn
1804:Parliament
1329:Lifan Yuan
1256:(960–1279)
1193:Zhangzhung
1178:Chronology
932:Mehra 1974
801:References
763:Lifan Yuan
707:Diplomat:
700:Diplomat:
3116:Manchuria
3083:Huai Army
3073:Yong Ying
2958:Shaan-Gan
2414:High Qing
2360:Later Jin
2226:Chronicle
2188:Festivals
2000:Dpon-chen
1970:Languages
1965:Education
1714:Changtang
1656:Mountains
1623:Geography
1531:Documents
1376:conflicts
1228:(618–907)
1147:Overviews
1018:143539645
1010:0097-7004
680:Feng Quan
616:Changgeng
480:1820–1823
333:Liubaozhu
321:Manggulai
201:Zhou Ying
154:Zhou Ying
118:Feng Quan
3568:Hongqian
3537:Currency
3407:Treaties
3313:Kaozheng
3260:Booi Aha
3202:Hetu Ala
3155:Timeline
3150:Xinjiang
3121:Mongolia
3078:Chu Army
3053:New Army
3010:Military
2948:Viceroys
2284:Category
2168:Calendar
2102:Diaspora
1975:Religion
1779:Politics
1680:Tanggula
1670:Changtse
1374:Wars and
1249:Tsongkha
1211:Timeline
1154:Timeline
1131:articles
757:See also
690:en route
640:Qingshan
622:Shengtai
604:Seleng'e
574:Chongshi
550:Muteng'e
544:Binliang
526:Meng Bao
484:Songting
454:Yangchun
418:Yingshan
345:Boqing'e
309:Aminertu
291:Salashan
285:Duo'erji
273:Tongning
243:Hangyilu
233:阿爾珣 1734
219:Miaoshou
162:Meng Bao
3553:Zhiqian
3545:Coinage
3282:Economy
3253:culture
2988:Yun-Gui
2978:Min-Zhe
2973:Sichuan
2968:Huguang
2814:Emperor
2335:History
2268:Outline
2232:writers
2173:Cuisine
2138:thangka
2119:Culture
2092:Changpa
2007:Nyingma
1954:Society
1919:Economy
1754:Ü-Tsang
1728:Valleys
1686:Rivers
1661:Kailash
1221:Lönchen
1203:Empire
1139:History
953:Sources
944:Ho 2008
917:28 June
895:Ho 2008
719:Lian Yu
695:Lian Yu
669:You Tai
642:慶善 1900
628:Kuihuan
610:Wenshuo
598:Songgui
592:Chengji
580:Jingwen
568:Manqing
558:海枚 1852
502:Longwen
478:Wen'gan
412:Songyun
400:Chengde
383:奎林 1791
363:Bazhong
357:Shulian
327:Wumitai
315:Guanbao
297:Guanbao
275:同寧 1750
267:Labudun
237:Nasutai
231:A'erxun
213:Qingbao
170:Mongols
107:Chinese
91:Tibetan
74:Chinese
3167:Taiwan
2343:Early
2328:topics
2219:Annals
2183:Emblem
2145:tsakli
2017:Jonang
1666:Lhotse
1610:(2008)
1309:Kashag
1129:
1086:
1065:
1044:
1016:
1008:
969:
744:Chamdo
684:Chamdo
646:Yugang
634:Wenhai
562:Hetehe
556:Haimei
538:Qishan
514:Qinglu
508:Wenwei
496:Xingke
466:Ximing
460:Hutuli
442:Yuning
436:Cebake
430:Funing
424:Hening
381:Kuilin
375:Baotai
339:Suolin
261:Fuqing
255:Suobai
249:Jishan
183:Sengge
164:, and
146:Manchu
126:Chamdo
114:駐藏幫辦大臣
109::
81:駐藏辦事大臣
76::
64:, the
56:, 1887
3359:Queue
3277:Dibao
3133:Tibet
2953:Zhili
2836:Amban
2275:Index
2239:Music
2204:Khata
2107:Names
2097:Yolmo
2070:Islam
2022:Gelug
2012:Kagyu
1990:Sakya
1793:(TAR)
1759:Ngari
1644:Fauna
1639:Flora
1127:Tibet
1014:S2CID
774:Notes
586:Enlin
532:Haipu
472:Yulin
448:Wenbi
406:Helin
394:]
351:Fozhi
303:Funai
279:Bandi
225:Lizhu
195:Mailu
99:Wylie
86:amban
54:Nepal
35:Lhasa
3095:Navy
2936:Ejen
2819:List
2193:Flag
2132:rugs
2054:list
2037:list
1826:LGBT
1749:Kham
1744:Amdo
1084:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1042:ISBN
1006:ISSN
967:ISBN
919:2011
387:Ehui
369:Pufu
189:Mala
140:List
120:and
2127:Art
1980:Bon
998:doi
150:Han
52:in
3712::
1012:.
1004:.
994:34
992:.
861:^
820:^
782:^
392:zh
160:,
156:,
152::
136:.
112:欽差
101::
97:,
93::
79:欽差
48:,
2318:e
2311:t
2304:v
1119:e
1112:t
1105:v
1071:.
1020:.
1000::
946:.
921:.
175:(
89:(
20:)
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