1659:). French is the second most spoken mother tongue of Belgium, after Dutch. Within the French-speaking Community of Belgium, there is a geographical and political distinction between Wallonia and Brussels for historical and sociological reasons. Historically, the Walloons were for a federalism with three components and the Flemings for two. This difference is one of the elements which makes the Belgian issue so complicated. The Flemings wanted to defend their culture while the Walloons wanted to defend their political and economical supremacy they had in the 19th century: "It is true that the Walloon movement, which has never stopped affirming that Wallonia is part of the French cultural area, has never made this cultural struggle a priority, being more concerned to struggle against its status as a political minority and the economic decline which was only a corollary to it".
525:
2021:
40:
1671:, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerges as a third component. This specific dual form of federalism, with the special position of Brussels, consequently has a number of political issues—even minor ones—that are being fought out over the Dutch/French-language political division. With such issues, a final decision is possible only in the form of a compromise. This tendency gives this dual federalism model a number of traits that generally are ascribed to
1399:) and that they were unchecked; the Executive had too much power, and that there was no check on the executive; a dictator would arise; and that a bill of rights should be coupled with the constitution to prevent a potential dictator from exploiting or tyrannizing citizens. The federalists said that it was impossible to list all the rights, and those that were not listed could be easily overlooked because they were not in the official bill of rights. Rather, rights in specific cases were to be decided by the judicial system of courts.
436:
1475:
740:
states were given autonomy in legislative, executive and judicial functions,:8 while there were provisions for ethnic groups to be represented in central institutions. Ethnic groups were granted the "unconditional right" to secession,:55 although it is doubtful whether any group could in fact achieve this.:22 The government was aiming not only to reduce inter-ethnic conflict but to equalise living standards in different areas and improve the working of public institutions locally.
588:
1336:
761:
337:
667:
1016:
273:
1747:
1406:, the federal government increased greatly in influence on everyday life and in size relative to the state governments. Reasons included the need to regulate businesses and industries that span state borders, attempts to secure civil rights, and the provision of social services. The federal government acquired no substantial new powers until the acceptance by the Supreme Court of the
207:
1522:
1120:
844:
1752:
398:. However, this system was not able to achieve the development goals of the country and has been described as an "exclusive form of rule" by its critics. Federalism has been seen as the answer to solving regional inequality and reducing the economic, social and religious discrimination; the country has transformed into a federal structure as a result.
2199:
75:
conservative heads of state and governments). Since the presidency of François
Mitterrand (1981–1995), the French authorities have adopted a much more pro-European Unification position, as they consider that a strong EU is presenting the best "insurance" against a unified Germany which might become too strong and thus a threat for its neighbours
1820:, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (except for the Basque Country and Navarre, which were recognized in the Spanish democratic constitution as
3028:
After careful research and analysis of various sources and the constitution, it can be confirmed that the government system in the
Republic of South Africa is a unitary system. Observance of the government in action as well as analysis of the constitution has contributed to this confirmation. Despite
2005:
The changes in the state structure that composes the national government in
Naypyitaw and the state/regional governments and the federal negotiations between the national government and ethnic minority armed forces said to be the first step of federalism in Myanmar. Former president of Myanmar, Thein
828:
Accordingly, the idea of a strong, centralized government has very negative connotations in German politics, although the progressive political movements in
Germany (Liberals, Social Democrats) were advocating at the time of the Second German Empire (1871–1918) to abolish (or to reshape) the majority
1943:
A new amendment is proposed because people, especially East
Indonesians, argue that the unitary system makes East Indonesians feel disappointed with the existence of distributive justice that is far from expectations, a discriminatory political system, to the oligarchy that has gripped strongly from
911:
includes subjects of common interest to both the Union
Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict
82:
Those uncomfortable using the "F" word in the EU context should feel free to refer to it as a quasi-federal or federal-like system. Nevertheless, for the purposes of the analysis here, the EU has the necessary attributes of a federal system. It is striking that while many scholars of the EU continue
1869:
China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the
Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs.
2889:
Pendant 18 ans, Bruxelles est demeurée sans statut (...) L'absence de statut pour
Bruxelles s'expliquait par la différence de vision que partis flamands et partis francophones en avaient: allergiques à la notion de Région (...) les francophones (...) considéraient que Bruxelles devait devenir une
1933:
gave his response regarding the proposal of the
Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia to return to the United States of Indonesia. He stated that Indonesia could be federated again if people agreed. He also stated that if people agreed to go back to federation, the Indonesian government could
898:
includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. The Union
Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List. This list is about portfolios concerning the country as one or inter-state
74:
mentioned federalism, the reference never made it to the text of the treaties adopted by consensus. The strongest advocates of European federalism have been Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg while those historically most strongly opposed have been the United Kingdom, Denmark and France (with
1804:
Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public
739:
Ethiopia has over 80 ethno-linguistic groups and the new Constitution which was introduced in 1994, dividing Ethiopia on ethnic lines into nine regional states and two multiethnic "chartered administrations" (Addis Ababa and Diredawa).:54–55 Ethnic groups received rights to self-government: the
3140:
The Federal Option and Constitutional Management of Diversity in Spain Xavier ArbĂłs MarĂn, page 381; included in 'The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain' (volume 2), edited by Alberto LĂłpez-Eguren and Leire Escajedo San Epifanio; edited by
3040:
The Federal Option and Constitutional Management of Diversity in Spain Xavier ArbĂłs MarĂn, page 375; included in 'The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain' (volume 2), edited by Alberto LĂłpez-Eguren and Leire Escajedo San Epifanio; edited by
776:) are neither elected nor appointed but comprise members or delegates of the governments of their constituents. The United States had a similar system until 1913, where prior to the 17th Amendment, Senators were delegates of the state elected by the state legislatures rather than the citizens.
375:
For matters not directly dealt with in the constitution, the federal government retains residual powers; however, conflicts between the two levels of government, relating to which level has legislative jurisdiction over various matters, have been a longstanding and evolving issue. Areas being
1343:
Because the states were pre-existing political entities (although almost none was ever an independent state, rather colonies, provinces or later created entities), the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and
1037:
to elect the next monarch every five years, or if the position becomes vacant for any reason. There is also a custom of rotation of the monarchy between the nine rulers. A legacy of British colonial rule, the federation's system of government is modelled closely on the
564:
All of Russia's subdivisional entities are known as subjects, with some smaller entities, such as the republics enjoying more autonomy than other subjects on account of having an extant presence of a culturally non-Russian ethnic minority or, in some cases, majority.
1494:
of the United States of America. In this Federation, each State had a "President" of its own that controlled almost every issue, even the creation of "State Armies," while the Federal Army was required to obtain presidential permission to enter any given state.
1628:, Wallonia hosting both the bulk of the French-speaking population and the German-speaking minority. In Brussels, ca. 80% of the population speaks French and ca. 20% Dutch with the city being an enclave of the Flemish region and officially a bilingual area.
874:
delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government), representing the Union of India, and the
1682:
and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour of a federal system with two components (i.e. the Dutch and French Communities of Belgium). However, the Flemish representatives in the
1002:
Although the constitution does not say so, India is now a multilingual federation. India has a multi-party system, with political allegiances frequently based on linguistic and regional identities, necessitating coalition politics, especially at the
2428:, the former capital of South Yemen, would have been a part of the Aden region, but would have had special legislative and executive powers. Each region was to be further divided into states, which would have taken the place of Yemen's existing
643:
commenced, resulting in the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The model of Australian federalism adheres closely to the original model of the United States of America, although it does so through a generally parliamentary
1502:
still defines Venezuela as a Federal Republic, it abolished the Senate, transferred competences of the States to the Federal Government and granted the President of the Republic vast powers to intervene in the States and Municipalities.
1058:, with different powers reserved for each, and the federal government has direct administration of the federal territories. Legislative powers are divided between state and federal assemblies, with elections being held every five years.
2443:
elites in the Azal region would have been left with almost no natural resources, whereas the sparsely populated Saba and Hadhramaut regions would have received nearly all of the country's natural resources. Meanwhile, the
993:
in which the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of a state's administration for certain months when no party can form a government in the state or there is violent disturbance in the state.
552:
preserving much of the Soviet structure while applying increasingly liberal reforms to the governance of the constituent republics and subjects (while also coming into conflict with Chechen secessionist rebels during the
4019:
2375:
on 12 September, he proposed that England should also be governed by regional parliaments, with power devolved to areas such as Lancashire, Yorkshire, the Midlands and London as part of a federal system of government.
2105:
provinces representing the least with 5% and 3.6% respectively. Other provinces also have trouble attracting capitals. This has resulted in calls for the abolishing of the unitary system and powers being devolved.
2175:
905:
contains subjects of state and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.
83:
to resist analyzing it as a federation, most contemporary students of federalism view the EU as a federal system (See for instance, Bednar, Filippov et al., McKay, Kelemen, Defigueido and Weingast). (
2439:
suspected that the division of the south into two regions was an attempt to turn southern secessionists against each other; they preferred a two-region division between the north and the south. The
1332:", suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit: "If their rights are invaded by either, they can make use of the other as the instrument of redress."
1796:
Although South Africa bears some elements of a federal system, such as the allocation of certain powers to provinces, it is nevertheless constitutionally and functionally a devolved unitary state.
3235:
4012:
568:
Currently, there are 83 federal subjects of Russia, excluding disputed territories in the Ukraine. If those subjects are included, there are 89 federal subjects of the Russian Federation.
1922:
Indonesia had been in federation from 1949, and dissolved in 1950. Since then, many people, especially in the 2000s, proposed Indonesia to go back to federated, but on different systems.
2986:
731:
as federal entities. Brazilian municipalities are now invested with some of the traditional powers usually granted to states in federalism, and they are allowed to adopt a constitution.
4005:
635:
was colonised in 1788 by the United Kingdom, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies all held
372:), specific powers of legislation are allotted. Section 91 of the constitution gives rise to federal authority for legislation, whereas section 92 gives rise to provincial powers.
2758:
942:
145:, especially in 1793, "federalism" had an entirely different meaning. It was a political movement to weaken the central government in Paris by devolving power to the provinces.
2890:
Région à part entière (...) Les partis flamands ont accepté la création d'une troisième Région et l'exercice par celle-ci des mêmes compétences que celles des deux autres...
1454:
However, since the Civil War Era, the national courts often interpret the federal government as the final judge of its own powers under dual federalism. The establishment of
2881:
1979:) being the constituent units. A group calling itself the "Cyrenaican Transitional Council" issued a declaration of autonomy on 6 March 2012; this move was rejected by the
2906:
2715:
1625:
1579:
2158:
Due to the fact that federalization would more or less follow ethnic and possibly also religious-sectarian lines, it has been dismissed as "division of the country" and "
3207:
3510:
1380:, and by some later amendments—as well as the overall claim of the Civil War, that the states were legally subject to the final dictates of the federal government.
1324:", James Madison asserted that the states and national government "are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, constituted with different powers."
712:
since 1891, although some of them would distort some of the federalist principles. The 1937 federal government had the authority to appoint State Governors (called
1354:) which are powers spelled out in the Constitution, including the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. In addition, the
3029:
the delocalisation enjoyed within the republic, the federal principle is not evident enough and it failed Wheare's very simple federal test right in the beginning
1875:
3285:
71:
1678:
Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of
3712:
2877:
at the National Walloon Feast: "It is, besides, impossible to have a debate about the institutions of Belgium in which Brussels would be excluded." (French
2135:
with autonomous subdivisions. Many powers and actors involved in the Syrian Civil War have entertained the idea of "federal division", not least among them
2267:
1874:
are suspicious of decentralization as a form of secessionism and a backdoor for national disunity; still others argue that the degree of autonomy given to
1843:. The Spanish Socialist party considered the idea of enshrining a federal Spain in 2012, as meeting point between separatist and recentralizing proposals.
938:
306:
At that time there were still several territories under federal administration which have since acquired provincial status, the last being the province of
3971:
An Ottawa, Ontario, Canada-based international organization for federal countries that share best practices among countries with that system of government
3645:
3433:
3243:
226:
158:
3116:
1645:
Due to its relatively small size (approximately one percent) the German-speaking Community of Belgium does not have much influence on national politics.
1339:
The United States is composed of 50 self-governing states, along with a capital and several territories that are administered by the federal government.
639:
on becoming the unified, self-governing "Commonwealth of Australia" within the British Empire. When all the colonies voted in favour of federation, the
2972:
4280:
2781:
2325:. England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament. In 1998 a set of eight unelected
1684:
524:
1370:—are reserved to the people or the states. The power delegated to the federal government was significantly expanded by the Supreme Court decision in
1033:. Its monarchy is elective, with the nine rulers and four state leaders (representing states with their respective sultanates abolished) meet at the
540:
The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the
3550:
2041:
930:
4404:
3685:
1317:
3408:
3079:
2155:
is strongly hostile towards the idea of a federalization of Syria because it fears possible repercussions for its own highly centralized state.
1703:
approves with great majority a resolution claiming the presence of Brussels itself at the negotiations of the reformation of the Belgian State."
825:
must claim the right to impose its principles on the whole German nation, without regard to what were hitherto the confines of federal states."
3960:
2990:
1971:(in the eastern region of the country) began to call for the new regime to be federal, with the traditional three regions of Libya (Cyrenaica,
1313:
687:
3981:
829:
of German federated states of that era, as they were considered to be mostly monarchist remnants of the feudal structures of the Middle Ages.
3625:
3157:
3149:
3057:
3049:
2811:
2698:
2621:
2353:
1455:
864:
292:
242:
3737:
768:
Germany and the European Union present the only examples of federalism in the world where members of the federal "upper houses" (the German
3379:
1735:
1668:
1606:
1532:
1074:
307:
130:
2453:
3475:
3355:
2364:
2298:
1840:
472:
357:
3013:"The type of government in the Republic of South Africa – Examining the presence of federal and unitary state elements in the republic"
4367:
1430:
1414:
1295:
3492:
2283:
1926:
1832:
1557:
1498:
However, more than 140 years later, the original system has gradually evolved into a quasi-centralist form of government. While the
1344:
responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain
414:
368:
2853:
2521:
2955:
2278:(which eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland), Northern Ireland retained its devolved government through the
3986:
2302:
2294:
2282:, the only part of the UK to have such a body at this time. This body was suspended in 1972 and Northern Ireland was governed by
2247:
2214:
1039:
430:
3302:
2916:
2089:
dominates over the other 8 provinces. Despite declining regional disparity Western province continues to contribute most to the
1486:
ended in 1864 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The
2310:
2203:
2045:
1825:
1817:
1307:
921:
A distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric and gives limited
126:
3170:
169:, and maintained a two-part federal system. Currently it is a unitary state with Zanzibar retaining a degree of autonomy as a
2279:
2259:
1695:
stated on July 17, 2008 that "Brussels would take an attitude". Brussels' parliament passed the resolution on July 18, 2008:
891:
of the Indian Constitution delimits the subjects of each level of governmental jurisdiction, dividing them into three lists:
487:
483:
319:
315:
182:
63:, founded in 1948. Those organizations exercised influence in the European unification process, but never in a decisive way.
1813:
has been implemented in such a way that, in many respects, Spain can be compared to countries which are undeniably federal.
2015:
1980:
1055:
884:
56:
2887:
has claimed and obtained a special place in the current negotiations about the reformation of the Belgian state. (French
2432:. The conclusions of the Conference formed the basis of a new constitution, which was to be put to a referendum in 2015.
803:
were federal complexes of territories of different political structures. Modern Germany abandoned federalism only during
3992:
2416:. Azal, Saba, Janad and Tihama would have been northern provinces whereas Aden and Hadhramaut would have been southern.
2389:
2385:
2187:
2102:
2094:
1810:
1767:
as the country's first and currently only federal region, with the method of creating federal entities enshrined in the
596:
322:
with which it acquired its present autonomous status which gives it a very similar degree of autonomy as the provinces.
222:
102:
4435:
4260:
3282:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2086:
1598:
1425:, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court in recent years. In 1995, the Supreme Court rejected the
1396:
1356:
1124:
1101:
became independent after being ejected from the federation, due to differences between the central government and the
720:. Brazil also uses the Fonseca system to regulate interstate trade. Brazil is one of the biggest federal governments.
502:
444:
154:
3380:"Sri Lanka: Western Province major contributor to Sri Lanka\'s economic growth despite decline in regional disparity"
162:
3590:
4430:
3188:
2911:
1911:
1791:
1667:, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language
1575:
1571:
1487:
876:
808:
792:
784:
519:
39:
3094:
4111:
3763:
2460:
2322:
1499:
1491:
1435:
1426:
934:
675:
300:
114:
3948:
3816:
2435:
The plan for a six-region federation received international praise, but was denounced by many within Yemen. The
708:, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every
3454:
3265:
2228:
2049:
728:
495:
2344:, which refers to the voting power of non-English MPs on matters affecting only England in the UK Parliament.
1102:
3108:
2456:
in 2015. Some commentators have cited Hadi's federalization plan as one of the main causes of the civil war.
2059:
established the Consultative Commission which suggested such a Charter Change but no action was taken by the
1917:
1395:. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the
847:
A map showing India's 28 states and eight union territories including the National Capital Territory of Delhi
4029:
3997:
3987:
Constitutional law scholar Hester Lessard discusses Vancouver's Downtown Eastside and jurisdictional justice
2884:
2870:
2171:
2115:
2076:
2056:
2020:
1964:
1700:
1613:
1030:
640:
582:
230:
3944:
A Rhetoric for Ratification: The Argument of the Federalist and its Impact on Constitutional Interpretation
2843:
See: Witte, Els & Craeybeckx, Jan. Politieke geschiedenis van België. Antwerpen, SWU, pp. 455, 459–460.
2789:
2081:
Federalism has long been advocated as a means of resolving the ethnic issues and unbalanced development in
1421:. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the
4316:
4061:
4056:
3670:"Local Parliaments For England. Mr. Churchill's Outline Of A Federal System, Ten Or Twelve Legislatures".
2090:
1891:
1723:
1490:
were subsequently incorporated under a "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the
1388:
1062:
1051:
880:
724:
709:
649:
426:
376:
contested include legislation with respect to regulation of the economy, taxation, and natural resources.
362:
341:
267:
2669:"Chapter 1: "Distribution of Legislative Powers" of Part V: "Relations between Federation and Provinces""
1320:. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In "
4046:
2493:
2452:. The referendum on the new federal constitution was indefinitely delayed by the intensification of the
2429:
2401:
2341:
2306:
2236:
2033:
2029:
1996:
1407:
1372:
1114:
1098:
888:
871:
749:
632:
491:
391:
345:
186:
3071:
2006:
Sein supported the federalization of Myanmar as he said federalization can promote national stability.
435:
3415:
2063:
to amend the 1987 Constitution. The push for federalism was again revived under the administration of
1805:
spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the
1474:
648:
rather than a presidential system. Various aspects of the Parliament are more heavily inspired by the
4331:
4106:
3964:
3874:
3528:
3329:
3208:"Soal NKRI jadi Federal, Mahfud MD: Kalau Rakyat Sepakat, Mengapa Tidak? Ini Kelemahan/Keunggulannya"
2528:
2345:
2271:
2053:
1768:
1708:
1591:
1034:
788:
769:
713:
616:
395:
353:
284:
215:
3572:
587:
4425:
4346:
4326:
4240:
4202:
4177:
2752:
2314:
2220:
2060:
1871:
1864:
1836:
1664:
1078:
1004:
990:
852:
838:
697:
385:
331:
2815:
1061:
Before British rule, Malaysia as it is today, was composed of separate sultanates and states. The
989:
as per their accession or state-hood deals. One more aspect of Indian federalism is the system of
185:, from 1992 to 2003 was a federal state until it became a confederation titled the State Union of
4150:
3848:
3221:
2879:
Il n'est d'ailleurs, pas question d'imaginer un débat institutionnel dont Bruxelles serait exclu.
2581:
2573:
2334:
2207:
2000:
1692:
1463:
1403:
1377:
1364:
to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers. Other powers—the
1325:
701:
645:
631:
On 1 January 1901, the dominion of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The
624:
545:
460:
410:
406:
296:
234:
3387:
2937:
1715:. This situation, however, does not erase the traits of a confederation in the Belgian system.
417:. Now each province has a separate government along with its federal government at the centre.
4207:
4101:
4071:
3621:
3153:
3145:
3053:
3045:
2866:
2694:
2617:
2449:
2436:
2413:
2393:
2368:
2349:
2232:
2163:
1639:
1602:
1441:
1350:
1335:
1329:
1321:
1183:
1139:
1128:
950:
780:
755:
717:
692:
620:
554:
529:
142:
84:
67:
60:
1831:
An explicit and legal recognition of federalism as such has been promoted by parties such as
4389:
4374:
4225:
4086:
4081:
3932:
3641:
3142:
3042:
2668:
2565:
2275:
2132:
2121:
1899:
1806:
1764:
1756:
1731:
1392:
1384:
1147:
1027:
773:
760:
671:
661:
592:
494:. Relations between federation and provinces is defined in Part V (Articles 141–159) of the
464:
448:
440:
250:
219:
3511:"Partitioning Syria may be the only answer to a devastating civil war with no end in sight"
2356:
there has been a wider debate about the UK adopting a federal system with each of the four
1451:
holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign.
4362:
4285:
4275:
4187:
4170:
4091:
4066:
3289:
2472:
2445:
2148:
2064:
1448:
1422:
1418:
1366:
1159:
908:
800:
608:
600:
170:
3904:"Federalism in Yemen: A Catalyst for War, the Present Reality, and the Inevitable Future"
2814:. U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. Archived from
2495:
DANISH AND BRITISH POPULAR EUROSCEPTICISM COMPARED: A SCEPTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCEPT
2151:
has not ruled out the possibility of a federal democratic state of Syria. In particular,
1439:
decision. Recently, the Commerce Clause was interpreted to include marijuana laws in the
2654:
2640:
2532:
336:
4182:
4160:
4134:
3175:
2831:
2179:
2140:
1984:
1953:
1895:
1780:
1635:
1617:
1459:
1247:
1090:
946:
558:
288:
34:
3789:
1015:
352:
In Canada the system of federalism is described by the division of powers between the
4419:
4255:
4155:
4121:
4051:
3903:
3012:
2585:
2243:
2159:
2144:
2125:
1852:
1688:
1672:
1291:
1271:
1227:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1143:
926:
796:
549:
2832:"Taalgebruik in Brussel en de plaats van het Nederlands. Enkele recente bevindingen"
1150:. However, in modern Nigeria there are 36 states and one federal capital territory:
666:
299:
and federal governments. With the establishment of the first successful and current
4394:
4290:
4270:
4265:
4230:
2874:
2421:
2357:
2287:
2098:
1972:
1652:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1219:
1215:
1191:
1167:
1082:
812:
804:
468:
402:
311:
277:
48:
2739:
Bernt Engelmann, Einig gegen Recht und Freiheit, p7ff, publ. Goldmann, Munich 1975
272:
4321:
4245:
3506:
2854:"Wallonia today – The search for an identity without nationalist mania – (1995)"
1746:
1483:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1047:
1043:
970:
705:
679:
636:
456:
340:
In Canada, the provincial governments derive all their powers directly from the
2689:
Lisa Filippin; Annie Wilson; Peter Farrar; Margaret Beazer; Josie Gray (2018).
2085:. As the unitary state has resulted in uneven development across Sri Lanka the
405:). According to the concept of a federal system, Nepal has been divided into 7
225:
of seven emirates. Each emirate is an absolute monarchy headed by a ruler from
4399:
4341:
4306:
4197:
4192:
4129:
4096:
4038:
2255:
2037:
1712:
1417:
did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the
1287:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1235:
1223:
1151:
1065:
was the first instance of federalism being introduced in the Malay Peninsula.
902:
895:
817:
604:
206:
190:
52:
17:
1711:; Brussels, with its importance, is linked to both Wallonia and Flanders and
4384:
4336:
3956:
2771:
Johnson, A "Federalism: The Indian Experience ", HSRC Press,1996, Pg 3, ISBN
2448:
were outraged that the plan would have landlocked their home governorate of
2440:
2263:
2231:
problem in Ireland; federalism has long been proposed as a solution to the "
2082:
2048:, including possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a
1968:
1936:
1930:
1267:
1211:
1199:
1119:
966:
394:. Nepal has been practising unitary form of government since unification by
314:
was established as the seat of the federal government in 1853 and put under
283:
Federalism in Argentina was the result of a long lasting debate and several
2178:
have consistently rejected the idea of federalization, while in particular
276:
Argentina is a federation made up of 23 provinces and its Federal Capital,
2834:, Rudi Janssens, Brussels Studies, Nummer 13, 7 January 2008 (see page 4).
843:
401:
Nepal has become a federal democratic republican state since 28 May 2008 (
4379:
4250:
4076:
3713:"Yemen's Creation of Federal Republic Leaves Major Grievances Unresolved"
3283:
Thomson Reuters Foundation | News, Information and Connections for Action
2941:
2812:"THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA With Explanatory Notes"
2556:
Edmonds, Bill (1983). ""Federalism" and Urban Revolt in France in 1793".
2405:
2388:
concluded that Yemen would adopt federalism in an attempt to resolve the
1824:
territories drawing from historical reasons) and then distributed to the
1679:
1648:
1631:
1621:
1429:
in the Lopez decision, and also rejected the civil remedy portion of the
1023:
1007:
level. India has generally two main groups known as the NDA and the UPA.
982:
922:
612:
501:
Pakistan consists of four provinces and three territories, including the
479:
348:
are subordinate to the federal government and are delegated powers by it.
166:
2614:
The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives
2371:, in the context of the legislation for Irish Home Rule. In a speech in
1751:
870:
The government of India is based on a three tiered system, in which the
4311:
3982:
BackStory Radio episode on the origins and current status of Federalism
2577:
2198:
2024:
11 proposed states for the proposed Federal Republic of the Philippines
1707:
This aspect of Belgian federalism helps to explain the difficulties of
1135:
1094:
1070:
978:
974:
962:
533:
318:. It remained under direct control of the federal government until the
3975:
3190:
El PSOE plantea una reforma de la Constitución para una España federal
2396:
in 2011. Under the federal system, Yemen's full name would become the
2337:
continue to be used in certain governmental administrative functions.
133:, until the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic separated in 1993.
4235:
4165:
2409:
2404:
determined that Yemen would be split into six federal regions: Azal,
2372:
2313:
now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the
2258:
to decentralise political power. Devolution in the UK began with the
2251:
2152:
2136:
1976:
1894:
was based on the idea of a two-part federalisation, but the union of
1312:
Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between
1066:
986:
822:
2254:. Instead of adopting a federal model, the UK has relied on gradual
1651:
is a French-speaking area, except for the German-speaking so-called
3939:
A Comparative Bibliography: Regulatory Competition on Corporate Law
3938:
3222:"Gagalnya NKRI, Hidupkan Gagasan Federalisme, Selamatkan Indonesia"
2894:
Les nouvelles institutions politiques de la Belgique et de l'Europe
2569:
2360:
having its own, equal devolved legislatures and law-making powers.
912:
with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.
3943:
2417:
2197:
2183:
2167:
2128:
2120:
The federalization of Syria has been proposed as a way to end the
2019:
1821:
1745:
1687:
voted in favour of the Brussels resolution, with the exception of
1473:
1334:
1118:
1086:
954:
842:
759:
665:
586:
544:(of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the
523:
452:
434:
335:
271:
205:
38:
2176:
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
1763:
Iraq adapted a federal system on 15 October 2005, and formed the
727:
introduced a new component to the ideas of federalism, including
3493:"US, Israel Consider 'Balkanization' of Syria: Coalition Source"
2425:
2028:
The Philippines is a unitary state with some powers devolved to
1878:-level officials in the People's Republic of China amounts to a
1462:
from state and federal government) exercising limited powers of
945:
in 2019. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of
541:
303:, the debate was sealed and Argentina adopted a federal system.
4001:
2093:(GDP) contributing 42% of the GDP while the second highest the
3434:"How will Syria's war end? Other civil wars suggest an answer"
1515:
958:
815:
viewed federalism as an obstacle to his goals. As he wrote in
229:. The president of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the
716:) at will, thus centralizing power in the hands of President
3551:"Unlikely partners join forces to lead by example in Syriaa"
3354:
Achieving Balanced Regional Development through Devolution.
1587:
Belgian federalism is a twin system which reflects both the
1584:
Federalism in the Kingdom of Belgium is an evolving system.
2463:
was formed marking the first steps for the transformation.
2363:
UK federal government was proposed as early as 1912 by the
475:, now part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, are shown in light green.
3970:
3963:
Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education
2691:
Access & Justice Legal Studies for VCE Units 1 & 2
1675:, and makes the future of Belgian federalism contentious.
3573:"UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question"
3476:"Syria civil war: Key powers 'consider federal division'"
557:). Some of the reforms under Yeltsin were scaled back by
2242:
The United Kingdom has traditionally been governed as a
1816:
However, in order to manage the tensions present in the
245:, while the office of vice president and prime minister
1539:
295:. There were several failed attempts to establish both
3646:"How Scotland could lead the way towards a federal UK"
2333:, but these were abolished between 2008 and 2010. The
807:(1933–1945, only de facto but not de jure) and in the
3303:"Opinion – Federalism and State Formation in Myanmar"
1376:(1819), amendments to the Constitution following the
3266:"Thousands rally in Libya against autonomy for east"
3242:. The Associated Press. 6 March 2012. Archived from
1855:
to establish a federal system, for various reasons.
1466:, has given rise to the concept of "bi-federalism".
439:
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, consisting of its
4355:
4299:
4218:
4143:
4120:
4037:
2782:"3. Federalism: U.S. V. The States, Topic Overview"
2162:" by its opponents. Mainstream institutions of the
532:and Donbass, internationally recognized as part of
233:, a body formed of the rulers of each emirate. The
227:
the six ruling families of the United Arab Emirates
3292:. Trust.org (2012-03-06). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
2352:have been increasing in popularity, and since the
2266:to Ireland as a constituent country of the former
1612:geographically defined Regions (federated States:
1580:Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium
1050:. Governance of the states is divided between the
1925:On May 20, 2019, the former Chief Justice of the
591:The Commonwealth of Australia, consisting of its
3171:Why Talk of Federalism Won't Help Peace in Syria
2522:"Built to Last? The durability of EU federalism"
2274:in 1921 which saw the creation of the sovereign
51:, several movements began advocating a European
2616:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 155.
879:. Later, a third tier was added in the form of
80:
3957:Teaching about Federalism in the United States
3236:"Eastern Libya declares semiautonomous region"
2600:A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution
2297:has decentralised power once again. Since the
2124:. In the broadest sense, it means turning the
43:Territorial organisation of European countries
4013:
3738:"Six Regions Approved For Federal Transition"
3011:Wright, Jonathan Haydn Faure (Mar 31, 2014).
2967:
2965:
72:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
8:
2424:and would not have been part of any region.
2400:. A committee organized by Yemeni President
1929:who is also an expert on constitutional law
3790:"Yemen to become federation of six regions"
3487:
3485:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
2655:"The Constitution of Pakistan Article 1(1)"
2641:"The Constitution of Pakistan Article 1(2)"
2501:. Dansk Institut for Internationale Studier
2268:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1105:, which still rules Singapore until today.
4020:
4006:
3998:
3902:Shuja al-Deen, Maysaa (28 February 2019).
3849:"The Future Structure of the Yemeni State"
3686:"Mr. Winston Churchill's speech at Dundee"
3409:"Provincial Gross Domestic Product – 2014"
2896:, Erasme, Namur, 2003, pp. 177- 178 ISBN )
2693:. Oxford University Press. p. 32-25.
2329:, or chambers, was created to support the
623:(orange) and the federal territory of the
159:United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
3897:
3895:
2956:"Les Wallons pour un fédéralisme à trois"
2873:said in a September, 2008 declaration in
1685:Parliament of the Brussels Capital-Region
1558:Learn how and when to remove this message
1129:36 states and 1 Federal Capital Territory
933:made special provisions for the state of
484:democratic parliamentary federal republic
3978:Federalism and States Rights in the U.S.
3455:"Is partitioning Syria a viable option?"
3109:"A survey of Spain: How much is enough?"
2747:
2745:
1634:is the region associated with Belgium's
1387:of the United States was opposed by the
1014:
931:Article 370 of the Constitution of India
16:This article lists the various types of
3764:"Yemen to become six-region federation"
3119:from the original on September 10, 2009
2484:
2309:in Northern Ireland, three of the four
2286:during the period of conflict known as
2097:only represents 10.8% of the GDP while
2036:. There is also one autonomous region,
1605:(ca. 59%), and to a much lesser extent
1318:federal government of the United States
3961:Education Resources Information Center
3842:
3840:
3817:"The Challenge of Federalism in Yemen"
3449:
3447:
2635:
2633:
1146:issues as well as the effect of their
1085:joined the federation as the state of
3711:Lewis, Alexandra (18 February 2014).
3432:Michael O'Hanlon (3 September 2015).
2973:"La Région bruxelloise veut négocier"
2520:Kelemen, R. Daniel (September 2005).
2354:2014 Scottish independence referendum
2340:Critics of devolution often cite the
2331:English Regional Development Agencies
1529:This section may contain information
1391:, including powerful figures such as
243:president of the United Arab Emirates
189:. This confederation expired 2006 as
7:
3873:Salisbury, Peter (3 February 2014).
3082:from the original on August 22, 2009
2598:François Furet and Mona Ozouf, eds.
1944:the center of power to the regions.
1736:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
772:, i.e. the Federal Council; and the
131:Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
3529:"Agreement for the future of Syria"
3457:. Global Risk Insights. 2016-02-22.
1601:(ca. 40% of the total population),
1089:, along with a briefly independent
473:Federally Administered Tribal Areas
447:(light blue), the provinces of the
3847:Day, Stephen W. (14 August 2019).
2938:"Bruxelles dans l'oeil du cyclone"
1738:, the latter itself a federation.
1431:Violence Against Women Act of 1994
887:. In the current arrangement, The
859:) is the governing authority of a
14:
3509:; Dan Perry (29 September 2015).
3070:Mallet, Victor (18 August 2010).
1927:Constitutional Court of Indonesia
1663:On one hand, this means that the
1360:gives the federal government the
865:28 states and 8 union territories
463:(yellow), and the territories of
369:British North America Act of 1867
3591:"Devolution: A beginner's guide"
2295:devolution in the United Kingdom
2215:Federalism in the United Kingdom
2190:takes an intermediate position.
1851:It has been proposed in several
1841:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1750:
1520:
1478:Map of the Venezuelan federation
1040:Westminster parliamentary system
486:. Powers are shared between the
431:Administrative units of Pakistan
117:operated between 1863 and 1886.
105:operated between 1961 and 1972.
66:Although the drafts of both the
4028:Autonomous types of first-tier
3674:. 13 September 1912. p. 4.
3620:. Manchester University Press.
3553:. Al-Monitor. 30 September 2016
3330:"The United States of Myanmar?"
2420:, the capital, was to become a
2365:Member of Parliament for Dundee
2311:constituent countries of the UK
2204:countries of the United Kingdom
2046:Constitution of the Philippines
1818:Spanish transition to democracy
1308:Federalism in the United States
1296:Federal Capital Territory (FCT)
1019:Map of Malaysia with its states
210:Map of the United Arab Emirates
129:from 1969 to 1990 and then the
127:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
3495:. Syrian Observer. 2015-07-13.
2293:In modern times, a process of
2280:Parliament of Northern Ireland
2260:Government of Ireland Act 1914
2032:(LGUs) under the terms of the
1624:). The last two correspond to
1138:has various states which have
725:Brazilian Constitution of 1988
536:, shown with diagonal stripes.
316:federal administration in 1880
183:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1:
3815:Al-Akhali, Rafat (May 2014).
3328:Brandon Tensley; Oren Samet.
2714:Brenton, Scott (March 2010).
2558:The Journal of Modern History
2016:Federalism in the Philippines
1981:National Transitional Council
1638:-speaking majority, i.e. the
1626:the language areas in Belgium
1616:(de facto Greater Brussels),
704:. Aided by well-known jurist
652:however, notably the Senate.
546:aftermath of the Soviet Union
320:1994 constitutional amendment
57:Union of European Federalists
2869:, Minister-President of the
2386:National Dialogue Conference
2299:1997 referendums in Scotland
2235:", and more lately, to the "
2182:have promoted the idea. The
1811:current Spanish constitution
688:fall of the monarchy in 1889
597:Australian Capital Territory
528:Federal subjects of Russia.
223:semi-constitutional monarchy
103:Federal Republic of Cameroon
3933:The Principle of Federation
2754:Indian Constitution at Work
2319:National Assembly for Wales
1759:of Iraq (flag ratio is 2:3)
1665:Belgian political landscape
1397:Necessary and Proper Clause
1357:Necessary and Proper Clause
1136:Federal Republic of Nigeria
1125:Federal Republic of Nigeria
503:Islamabad Capital Territory
445:Islamabad Capital Territory
193:declared its independence.
155:United Republic of Tanzania
4452:
3875:"Yemen: Ready for change?"
2227:) a method of solving the
2212:
2113:
2074:
2044:have been proposed to the
2013:
1994:
1951:
1915:
1912:United States of Indonesia
1909:
1862:
1792:Federalism in South Africa
1789:
1778:
1576:Belgian federal parliament
1572:Belgian federal government
1569:
1488:United States of Venezuela
1413:From 1938 until 1995, the
1305:
1112:
1077:were ruled as part of the
836:
809:German Democratic Republic
793:North German Confederation
785:Confederation of the Rhine
753:
747:
659:
580:
520:Federal subjects of Russia
517:
424:
383:
329:
265:
32:
4112:List of federal countries
3478:. Al Jazeera. March 2016.
2612:Stewart, Dona J. (2013).
2461:National Hadhrami Council
2398:Federal Republic of Yemen
2323:Northern Ireland Assembly
2188:Syria's Tomorrow Movement
2143:representatives, and the
1535:to the article's subject.
1492:Articles of Confederation
1436:United States v. Morrison
1427:Gun-Free School Zones Act
764:Federal states of Germany
548:, with the reforms under
366:(previously known as the
115:United States of Colombia
3616:Mitchell, James (2011).
3531:. ANF. 11 September 2016
2186:-based opposition party
2050:semi-presidential system
670:Brazil is a union of 26
390:Nepal is a country with
293:the independence in 1816
20:in different countries.
3989:McGill University, 2011
3517:. The Associated Press.
3169:Michael Meyer-Resende,
3130:(subscription required)
2912:Encyclopædia Britannica
2885:Brussels-Capital Region
2871:Brussels-Capital Region
2720:Parliament of Australia
2172:Syrian National Council
2116:Federalization of Syria
2077:Federalism in Sri Lanka
2057:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
1918:Federalism in Indonesia
1726:is a federation of two
1701:Brussels-Capital Region
1699:"The Parliament of the
1458:governments (which are
1031:constitutional monarchy
939:Instrument of Accession
696:led to the rise of the
641:Federation of Australia
583:Federalism in Australia
360:governments. Under the
231:Federal Supreme Council
4062:Corporative federalism
4057:Cooperative federalism
3976:Tenth Amendment Center
3949:Brainstorming National
3692:: 2. 14 September 1912
3288:June 11, 2012, at the
2248:Westminster Parliament
2210:
2091:Gross Domestic Product
2030:Local Government Units
2025:
1892:Constitution of Cyprus
1826:Autonomous Communities
1775:Partial federal system
1760:
1724:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1719:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1691:. The chairman of the
1479:
1389:Democratic-Republicans
1340:
1131:
1063:Federated Malay States
1020:
848:
765:
710:Brazilian constitution
683:
682:, the federal capital.
650:United States Congress
628:
537:
476:
427:Federalism in Pakistan
392:geographical diversity
349:
289:May Revolution of 1810
280:
268:Provinces of Argentina
251:ruling family of Dubai
211:
89:
44:
4047:Asymmetric federalism
3853:Middle East Institute
3717:World Politics Review
3644:(16 September 2014).
3095:registration required
2492:Sørensen, Catharina.
2459:On 20 June 2023, the
2402:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
2342:West Lothian question
2307:Good Friday Agreement
2237:West Lothian question
2201:
2042:various modifications
2034:Local Government Code
2023:
1997:Federalism in Myanmar
1910:Further information:
1749:
1533:important or relevant
1477:
1460:separate and distinct
1408:Sherman Antitrust Act
1373:McCulloch v. Maryland
1338:
1122:
1115:Federalism in Nigeria
1103:People's Action Party
1018:
917:Asymmetric federalism
872:Constitution of India
846:
763:
750:Federalism in Germany
678:which is the site of
669:
599:(red), the states of
590:
527:
471:(orange). The former
438:
339:
310:in 1990. The city of
275:
209:
187:Serbia and Montenegro
47:Following the end of
42:
4107:Symmetric federalism
3965:Bloomington, Indiana
3618:Devolution in the UK
3017:www.researchgate.net
2761:. pp. 232, 233.
2529:Princeton University
2392:that began with the
2272:partition of Ireland
2129:Syrian Arab Republic
2054:Philippine President
1872:Chinese nationalists
1769:Constitution of Iraq
1540:improve this section
1507:Two component system
1083:British North Borneo
1035:Conference of Rulers
855:(referred to as the
789:German Confederation
633:Australian continent
403:15th Jestha, 2065 BS
396:Prithvi Narayan Shah
301:constitution in 1853
216:United Arab Emirates
202:United Arab Emirates
24:Multinational system
4347:Territorial dispute
4327:Military occupation
4241:Dependent territory
4203:Supranational union
4178:Multinational state
3115:. 6 November 2008.
3072:"Flimsier footings"
2412:, Aden, Janad, and
2327:Regional assemblies
2315:Scottish Parliament
2221:Imperial Federation
2166:based in Turkey or
2061:Philippine Congress
1865:Federalism in China
1079:Straits Settlements
853:Government of India
839:Federalism in India
698:presidential system
386:Federalism in Nepal
344:. In contrast, the
332:Canadian federalism
161:, was the union of
4436:Political theories
4405:Tribal sovereignty
4151:Composite monarchy
3993:General Federalism
3879:Al Jazeera English
3770:. 10 February 2014
3768:Al Jazeera English
3744:. 10 February 2014
3309:. 14 February 2018
2335:Regions of England
2223:was once seen as (
2211:
2208:regions of England
2040:. Over the years,
2026:
2001:Panglong Agreement
1963:Shortly after the
1761:
1693:Walloon Parliament
1480:
1415:U.S. Supreme Court
1404:American Civil War
1341:
1326:Alexander Hamilton
1132:
1021:
998:Coalition politics
849:
823:National Socialism
766:
702:Deodoro da Fonseca
684:
646:Westminster system
629:
625:Northern Territory
538:
514:Russian Federation
488:federal government
477:
461:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
356:and the country's
354:federal parliament
350:
291:and subsequently,
281:
235:ruler of Abu Dhabi
212:
45:
4431:Political systems
4413:
4412:
4208:Continental union
4102:Fiscal federalism
4072:Ethnic federalism
3642:Williams, Shirley
3627:978-0-7190-5359-7
3224:. 17 August 2020.
3179:(March 18, 2017).
3158:978-3-642-27717-7
3150:978-3-642-27716-0
3058:978-3-642-27717-7
3050:978-3-642-27716-0
2700:978-0-19-031032-5
2623:978-0-415-78243-2
2602:(1989), pp. 54-64
2437:Southern Movement
2394:Yemeni Revolution
2369:Winston Churchill
2350:Welsh nationalism
2164:Syrian opposition
2095:Southern Province
1967:, some people in
1755:Official flag of
1669:political parties
1640:Flemish Community
1568:
1567:
1560:
1500:1999 Constitution
1442:Gonzales v. Raich
1351:enumerated powers
1330:Federalist No. 28
1322:Federalist No. 46
1314:state governments
1140:evolved over time
1056:state governments
1042:. There exists a
951:Arunachal Pradesh
935:Jammu and Kashmir
877:State governments
781:Holy Roman Empire
756:States of Germany
621:Western Australia
530:Crimean peninsula
509:Republican system
257:Provincial system
143:French Revolution
85:R. Daniel Kelemen
68:Maastricht Treaty
61:European Movement
4443:
4390:Stateless nation
4375:Decentralization
4226:Associated state
4087:Federal republic
4082:Federal monarchy
4022:
4015:
4008:
3999:
3953:
3931:P.-J. Proudhon,
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3899:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3824:Atlantic Council
3821:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3742:Atlantic Council
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3414:. Archived from
3413:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3386:. Archived from
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3299:
3293:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3246:on March 8, 2012
3232:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3198:
3186:
3180:
3167:
3161:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3067:
3061:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2989:. Archived from
2983:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2915:. Archived from
2903:
2897:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2788:. Archived from
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2749:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2531:. Archived from
2526:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2489:
2454:Yemeni Civil War
2390:political crisis
2276:Irish Free State
2270:. Following the
2133:federal republic
2122:Syrian Civil War
2087:Western Province
1900:Turkish Cypriots
1765:Kurdistan Region
1757:Kurdistan Region
1754:
1732:Republika Srpska
1657:Cantons de l'est
1614:Brussels-Capital
1609:(ca. 1%) and the
1597:of the country,
1563:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1393:Thomas Jefferson
1385:Federalist Party
1093:as the state of
991:President's Rule
889:Seventh Schedule
857:Union Government
774:European Council
676:federal district
662:States of Brazil
593:federal district
465:Gilgit-Baltistan
441:federal district
363:Constitution Act
308:Tierra del Fuego
4451:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4368:Autonomous area
4351:
4295:
4286:Tributary state
4276:Satellite state
4214:
4188:Political union
4171:Colonial empire
4139:
4116:
4092:Federated state
4067:Dual federalism
4033:
4026:
3951:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3597:. 29 April 2010
3589:
3588:
3584:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3438:Washington Post
3431:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3391:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3290:Wayback Machine
3281:
3277:
3272:. 9 March 2012.
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3187:
3183:
3168:
3164:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3076:Financial Times
3069:
3068:
3064:
3039:
3035:
3021:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3005:
2996:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2865:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2786:www.learner.org
2780:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2671:. Pakistani.org
2667:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2593:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2473:Federated state
2469:
2382:
2219:In Britain, an
2217:
2196:
2149:Bashar al-Assad
2118:
2112:
2079:
2073:
2065:Rodrigo Duterte
2018:
2012:
2003:
1993:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1888:
1867:
1861:
1849:
1807:social security
1802:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1744:
1721:
1582:
1570:Main articles:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1472:
1456:Native American
1449:Dual federalism
1423:Commerce Clause
1419:Commerce Clause
1367:reserved powers
1310:
1304:
1142:due to complex
1117:
1111:
1013:
1000:
919:
909:Concurrent List
841:
835:
801:Weimar Republic
758:
752:
746:
737:
686:In Brazil, the
664:
658:
609:South Australia
601:New South Wales
585:
579:
574:
522:
516:
511:
433:
425:Main articles:
423:
388:
382:
334:
328:
270:
264:
259:
241:elected as the
204:
199:
179:
171:federated state
157:, formerly the
151:
139:
123:
111:
99:
94:
78:
37:
31:
26:
18:federal systems
12:
11:
5:
4449:
4447:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4418:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4183:Personal union
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4161:Dynastic union
4158:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4135:Regional state
4132:
4126:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4032:administration
4027:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3968:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3927:
3926:External links
3924:
3921:
3920:
3891:
3865:
3836:
3807:
3781:
3755:
3729:
3703:
3677:
3662:
3633:
3626:
3608:
3582:
3579:. 1 June 1998.
3564:
3542:
3520:
3498:
3481:
3460:
3443:
3424:
3421:on 2017-02-15.
3400:
3371:
3346:
3334:Foreign Policy
3320:
3294:
3275:
3257:
3227:
3213:
3199:
3181:
3176:Foreign Policy
3162:
3133:
3100:
3062:
3033:
3003:
2978:
2961:
2947:
2929:
2898:
2892:C.E. Lagasse,
2867:Charles Picqué
2859:
2845:
2836:
2821:
2818:on 2008-03-16.
2803:
2773:
2764:
2741:
2732:
2706:
2699:
2681:
2660:
2646:
2629:
2622:
2604:
2591:
2570:10.1086/242417
2548:
2512:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2384:The 2013–2014
2381:
2378:
2262:which granted
2213:Main article:
2195:
2194:United Kingdom
2192:
2180:Kurds in Syria
2141:United Nations
2114:Main article:
2111:
2108:
2075:Main article:
2072:
2069:
2014:Main article:
2011:
2008:
1992:
1989:
1965:2011 civil war
1960:
1957:
1952:Main article:
1949:
1946:
1916:Main article:
1907:
1904:
1896:Greek Cypriots
1887:
1884:
1863:Main article:
1860:
1857:
1853:unitary states
1848:
1845:
1801:
1798:
1790:Main article:
1787:
1784:
1781:Regional state
1779:Main article:
1776:
1773:
1743:
1740:
1720:
1717:
1705:
1704:
1661:
1660:
1646:
1643:
1629:
1610:
1566:
1565:
1548:September 2009
1528:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1471:
1468:
1346:express powers
1328:, writing in "
1306:Main article:
1303:
1300:
1127:, showing its
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1091:Raj of Sarawak
1012:
1009:
999:
996:
947:Andhra Pradesh
918:
915:
914:
913:
906:
900:
885:Municipalities
837:Main article:
834:
831:
748:Main article:
745:
742:
736:
733:
729:municipalities
718:GetĂşlio Vargas
690:by a military
657:
654:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
573:
570:
559:Vladimir Putin
515:
512:
510:
507:
451:(dark green),
422:
419:
384:Main article:
381:
378:
330:Main article:
327:
324:
263:
260:
258:
255:
203:
200:
198:
197:Emirate system
195:
178:
175:
150:
147:
138:
135:
122:
121:Czechoslovakia
119:
110:
107:
98:
95:
93:
90:
55:, such as the
35:Federal Europe
33:Main article:
30:
29:European Union
27:
25:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4448:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:Indirect rule
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4156:Dual monarchy
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4122:Unitary state
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Confederation
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3909:
3908:Sana'a Center
3905:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3808:
3796:. 10 Feb 2014
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3691:
3690:The Spectator
3687:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3663:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3619:
3612:
3609:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3515:National Post
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3428:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3390:on 2017-01-03
3389:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3361:
3360:www.island.lk
3357:
3350:
3347:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3308:
3307:The Irrawaddy
3304:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3137:
3134:
3118:
3114:
3113:The Economist
3110:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3018:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2993:on 2008-09-30
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2975:. 2008-07-18.
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2940:(in French).
2939:
2933:
2930:
2919:on 2013-08-12
2918:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2792:on 2 May 2010
2791:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2682:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2538:on 2013-01-20
2534:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2485:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:unitary state
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:Irish Problem
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:Balkanization
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2145:United States
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1782:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1673:confederalism
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1562:
1559:
1551:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:implied power
1359:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1348:(also called
1347:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1302:United States
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:socioeconomic
1141:
1137:
1130:
1126:
1123:A map of the
1121:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:. In Borneo,
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
997:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:Indian states
925:to only some
924:
916:
910:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
893:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
868:
866:
862:
861:federal union
858:
854:
845:
840:
832:
830:
826:
824:
820:
819:
814:
811:(1952–1990).
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:German Empire
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
762:
757:
751:
743:
741:
734:
732:
730:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:
689:
681:
677:
673:
668:
663:
655:
653:
651:
647:
642:
638:
634:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
584:
576:
571:
569:
566:
562:
560:
556:
551:
550:Boris Yeltsin
547:
543:
535:
531:
526:
521:
513:
508:
506:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:(dark blue),
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
387:
379:
377:
373:
371:
370:
365:
364:
359:
355:
347:
343:
338:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
274:
269:
261:
256:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
208:
201:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
146:
144:
136:
134:
132:
128:
120:
118:
116:
108:
106:
104:
96:
91:
88:
86:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
41:
36:
28:
23:
21:
19:
4395:Subsidiarity
4291:Vassal state
4271:Puppet state
4266:Protectorate
4231:Client state
3911:. Retrieved
3907:
3882:. Retrieved
3878:
3868:
3856:. Retrieved
3852:
3827:. Retrieved
3823:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3767:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3741:
3732:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3696:20 September
3694:. Retrieved
3689:
3680:
3671:
3665:
3655:20 September
3653:. Retrieved
3650:The Guardian
3649:
3636:
3617:
3611:
3601:20 September
3599:. Retrieved
3594:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3545:
3535:11 September
3533:. Retrieved
3523:
3514:
3501:
3437:
3427:
3416:the original
3403:
3392:. Retrieved
3388:the original
3384:Colombo Page
3383:
3374:
3363:. Retrieved
3359:
3356:"The Island"
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3333:
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3306:
3297:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3244:the original
3239:
3230:
3216:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3174:
3165:
3136:
3121:. Retrieved
3112:
3103:
3084:. Retrieved
3075:
3065:
3036:
3027:
3020:. Retrieved
3016:
3006:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:the original
2981:
2950:
2932:
2921:. Retrieved
2917:the original
2910:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2862:
2848:
2839:
2824:
2816:the original
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2790:the original
2785:
2776:
2767:
2753:
2735:
2725:September 7,
2723:. Retrieved
2719:
2716:"Conclusion"
2709:
2690:
2684:
2673:. Retrieved
2663:
2649:
2613:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2564:(1): 22–53.
2561:
2557:
2551:
2540:. Retrieved
2533:the original
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2494:
2487:
2458:
2434:
2430:governorates
2422:federal city
2397:
2383:
2362:
2358:home nations
2339:
2292:
2288:The Troubles
2241:
2224:
2218:
2157:
2147:. President
2119:
2080:
2027:
2004:
1973:Tripolitania
1962:
1942:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1889:
1882:federalism.
1879:
1868:
1850:
1830:
1815:
1809:system. The
1803:
1795:
1786:South Africa
1762:
1727:
1722:
1706:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1653:East Cantons
1593:
1586:
1583:
1554:
1545:
1538:Please help
1530:
1497:
1481:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1412:
1401:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1311:
1148:colonial era
1133:
1060:
1022:
1001:
920:
899:transaction.
869:
860:
856:
850:
827:
816:
813:Adolf Hitler
779:Already the
778:
767:
738:
722:
700:, headed by
691:
685:
630:
572:State system
567:
563:
539:
500:
496:constitution
478:
469:Azad Kashmir
415:local levels
400:
389:
374:
367:
361:
351:
342:constitution
312:Buenos Aires
305:
282:
278:Buenos Aires
249:held by the
246:
238:
213:
180:
152:
140:
124:
112:
100:
81:
77:
65:
49:World War II
46:
15:
4322:Irredentism
4300:Development
4281:Trusteeship
4246:Direct rule
4219:Subordinacy
4030:subdivision
3959:– From the
3952:(in French)
3507:Zeina Karam
3240:Google News
2284:direct rule
2202:Map of the
2126:centralized
2052:. In 2004,
2010:Philippines
1934:make a new
1837:United Left
1594:communities
1592:linguistic
1484:Federal War
1464:sovereignty
1184:Cross River
1048:upper house
971:Maharashtra
941:but it was
937:as per its
714:intervenors
706:Ruy Barbosa
693:coup d'Ă©tat
637:referendums
555:Chechen War
467:(pink) and
457:Balochistan
346:territories
141:During the
4426:Federalism
4420:Categories
4400:Suzerainty
4342:Separatism
4317:Detachment
4307:Annexation
4198:Superstate
4193:Real union
4130:Devolution
4097:Federation
4039:Federalism
3394:2016-09-17
3365:2016-09-17
3022:8 November
2997:2008-10-19
2923:2008-10-17
2907:"Brussels"
2829:(in Dutch)
2796:12 January
2675:2015-04-24
2542:2011-11-28
2479:References
2414:Hadhramaut
2256:devolution
2225:inter alia
2038:Bangsamoro
1995:See also:
1937:resultante
1876:provincial
1713:vice versa
1445:decision.
1402:After the
1294:, and the
903:State List
896:Union List
881:Panchayats
818:Mein Kampf
754:See also:
660:See also:
615:(yellow),
611:(purple),
605:Queensland
518:See also:
358:provincial
287:after the
285:civil wars
266:See also:
191:Montenegro
177:Yugoslavia
163:Tanganyika
92:Historical
53:federation
4385:Home rule
4337:Secession
4332:Partition
3672:The Times
3557:3 October
3339:8 January
3313:8 January
2586:154383711
2264:home rule
2229:Home Rule
2170:like the
2083:Sri Lanka
2071:Sri Lanka
2067:in 2016.
1969:Cyrenaica
1931:Mahfud MD
1906:Indonesia
1890:The 1960
1709:partition
1689:one party
1470:Venezuela
1378:Civil War
1160:Akwa Ibom
1099:Singapore
1075:Singapore
967:Karnataka
770:Bundesrat
619:(green),
577:Australia
492:provinces
411:districts
407:provinces
262:Argentina
4380:Hegemony
4363:Autonomy
4356:See also
4251:Dominion
4077:Federacy
3829:11 March
3800:16 March
3794:BBC News
3722:11 March
3595:BBC News
3577:BBC News
3286:Archived
3143:Springer
3123:24 March
3117:Archived
3086:24 March
3080:Archived
3043:Springer
2987:"Le Vif"
2942:France 2
2505:24 March
2467:See also
2346:Scottish
2321:and the
2305:and the
2174:and the
2103:Northern
1954:Dōshūsei
1902:failed.
1880:de facto
1847:Proposed
1839:and the
1728:entities
1680:Wallonia
1649:Wallonia
1632:Flanders
1622:Wallonia
1618:Flanders
1316:and the
1248:Nasarawa
1054:and the
1024:Malaysia
1011:Malaysia
983:Nagaland
923:autonomy
799:and the
735:Ethiopia
680:BrasĂlia
674:and its
617:Victoria
613:Tasmania
607:(blue),
603:(pink),
490:and the
480:Pakistan
421:Pakistan
413:and 753
247:de facto
239:de facto
167:Zanzibar
149:Tanzania
109:Colombia
97:Cameroon
70:and the
59:and the
4312:Cession
4261:Mandate
3935:, 1863.
3913:24 July
3884:24 July
3858:24 July
3774:24 July
3748:24 July
3270:Reuters
3250:6 March
3195:El PaĂs
3160:(eBook)
3060:(eBook)
2578:1878977
2446:Houthis
2246:by the
2131:into a
1991:Myanmar
1985:Tripoli
1833:Podemos
1822:charter
1512:Belgium
1433:in the
1292:Zamfara
1272:Plateau
1228:Katsina
1172:Bayelsa
1164:Anambra
1156:Adamawa
1109:Nigeria
1095:Sarawak
1071:Malacca
1052:federal
1028:federal
979:Mizoram
975:Manipur
963:Gujarat
943:revoked
744:Germany
627:(brown)
534:Ukraine
459:(red),
297:unitary
220:federal
4236:Colony
4166:Empire
4144:Unions
3624:
3156:
3148:
3056:
3048:
2883:) The
2697:
2620:
2584:
2576:
2418:Sana'a
2410:Tihama
2373:Dundee
2317:, the
2252:London
2153:Turkey
2137:Russia
1977:Fezzan
1975:, and
1886:Cyprus
1607:German
1599:French
1578:; and
1290:, and
1284:Taraba
1280:Sokoto
1276:Rivers
1220:Kaduna
1216:Jigawa
1192:Ebonyi
1168:Bauchi
1067:Penang
987:Sikkim
805:Nazism
795:, the
791:, the
787:, the
783:, the
672:states
656:Brazil
449:Punjab
326:Canada
137:France
3820:(PDF)
3419:(PDF)
3412:(PDF)
2875:Namur
2759:NCERT
2582:S2CID
2574:JSTOR
2536:(PDF)
2525:(PDF)
2499:(PDF)
2450:Saada
2441:Zaidi
2380:Yemen
2303:Wales
2184:Egypt
2168:Qatar
2110:Syria
1959:Libya
1948:Japan
1859:China
1800:Spain
1636:Dutch
1603:Dutch
1252:Niger
1244:Lagos
1240:Kwara
1232:Kebbi
1208:Gombe
1204:Ekiti
1196:Enugu
1188:Delta
1180:Borno
1176:Benue
1087:Sabah
1044:lower
1026:is a
1005:Union
955:Assam
833:India
482:is a
453:Sindh
409:, 77
380:Nepal
218:is a
3915:2021
3886:2021
3860:2021
3831:2022
3802:2014
3776:2021
3750:2021
3724:2022
3698:2014
3657:2014
3622:ISBN
3603:2014
3559:2016
3537:2016
3341:2019
3315:2019
3252:2012
3154:ISBN
3146:ISBN
3125:2016
3088:2016
3054:ISBN
3046:ISBN
3024:2016
2798:2022
2727:2020
2695:ISBN
2618:ISBN
2507:2020
2426:Aden
2406:Saba
2348:and
2301:and
2206:and
2101:and
1999:and
1898:and
1742:Iraq
1734:and
1620:and
1531:not
1482:The
1383:The
1288:Yobe
1264:Osun
1260:Ondo
1256:Ogun
1236:Kogi
1224:Kano
1152:Abia
1134:The
1073:and
1046:and
985:and
883:and
851:The
723:The
542:USSR
429:and
214:The
181:The
165:and
153:The
125:The
113:The
101:The
2566:doi
2250:in
2239:".
2099:Uva
1983:in
1268:Oyo
1212:Imo
1200:Edo
959:Goa
863:of
821:, "
237:is
4422::
3906:.
3894:^
3877:.
3851:.
3839:^
3822:.
3792:.
3766:.
3740:.
3715:.
3688:.
3648:.
3593:.
3575:.
3513:.
3484:^
3463:^
3446:^
3436:.
3382:.
3358:.
3332:.
3305:.
3268:.
3238:.
3193:.
3173:,
3152:,
3111:.
3078:.
3074:.
3052:,
3026:.
3015:.
2964:^
2909:.
2784:.
2757:.
2744:^
2718:.
2632:^
2580:.
2572:.
2562:55
2560:.
2527:.
2408:,
2367:,
2290:.
2139:,
1987:.
1940:.
1835:,
1828:.
1771:.
1730::
1574:;
1410:.
1298:.
1286:,
1282:,
1278:,
1274:,
1270:,
1266:,
1262:,
1258:,
1254:,
1250:,
1246:,
1242:,
1238:,
1234:,
1230:,
1226:,
1222:,
1218:,
1214:,
1210:,
1206:,
1202:,
1198:,
1194:,
1190:,
1186:,
1182:,
1178:,
1174:,
1170:,
1166:,
1162:,
1158:,
1154:,
1097:.
1069:,
981:,
977:,
973:,
969:,
965:,
961:,
957:,
953:,
949:,
929:.
867:.
595:,
561:.
505:.
498:.
443:,
253:.
173:.
4021:e
4014:t
4007:v
3967:.
3917:.
3888:.
3862:.
3833:.
3804:.
3778:.
3752:.
3726:.
3700:.
3659:.
3630:.
3605:.
3561:.
3539:.
3440:.
3397:.
3368:.
3343:.
3317:.
3254:.
3210:.
3197:.
3127:.
3097:)
3093:(
3090:.
3000:.
2958:.
2944:.
2926:.
2856:.
2800:.
2729:.
2703:.
2678:.
2657:.
2643:.
2626:.
2588:.
2568::
2545:.
2509:.
1655:(
1642:.
1561:)
1555:(
1550:)
1546:(
1542:.
87:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
