Criticism of college and university rankings (North America)

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University, with a "selective" admissions policy and higher SAT/ACT apparent requirement. The graduate made an incorrect inference from the averages and thought Shepherd was arbitrarily turning new students away below a higher fixed ACT or SAT score. Dr. Westbrook clarified the situation first by explaining that every university or college is going to meet its enrollment quota with the best students available, and asked where both Marshall University and Shepherd University got their students. Marshall typically recruited from Cabell, Logan, Wayne, and Putnam Counties, WV, and Lawrence County, OH. Shepherd typically recruited both from West Virginia, both locally in the Eastern Panhandle and in the interior of and elsewhere in the state, and from the comparatively wealthy Maryland and Virginia suburbs surrounding Washington D.C. Dr. Westbrook made the point that SAT and ACT scores are an indirect measure of socioeconomic status. County kindergarten to twelfth-grade school boards are funded by property taxes assessed on home values. At nearly the end of grade school, a college-bound student takes the SAT or ACT. The difference between Shepherd University and Marshall University is that Shepherd recruited more from areas whose home values were higher, whose homeowners paid more in property taxes, whose school systems were better funded, and whose students benefitted as a result, took the SAT or ACT, some of whom applied to Shepherd University and were accepted, and attended. Colleges and universities, then, have less control over setting their ACT and SAT requirements than the graduate assumed and than most parents might imagine. Parents need to understand that large scale political and economic forces such as the level of Federal employment and commensurate income around Washington, or other regional differences in living standards, have more to do setting ACT and SAT requirements than the decisions of college committees trying to enroll the best students they can under the circumstances over which they have no control.

1503:. But expecting them to go away is naive, and attempting to undermine them is unwise since students and families could perceive that as petulant and paternalistic. Worse, it could seem as if we have something to hide." Rather than not sending in the reputation survey, she argued, it would be of value to focus on, "a third-party non-profit or foundation", sending them "the same data that we already submit to US News and other rating organizations." On this point, she argues, "a one-size ranking does not fit all, because students and families care about different things ... What if a school doesn't use the SAT in making admissions decisions and therefore doesn't collect or report these data? In a new system, that school couldn't be ranked if a student chose a positive weight for the SATs. Students would know that the school doesn't value that piece of information. They could then run the rankings with other information (maybe class rank and other indicators of academic achievement), excluding the SAT, and see what those rankings look like. Alternatively, they could decide they actually do care about the average SATs of the student body and decide to look at other schools. Fair enough." 1290:

argues that, "by contrast, 1 percent of the U.S. News ratings formula is assigned to student-to-faculty ratios, which many faculty members and students consider the most important factor in educational experience." Hill states that the members of the Annapolis Group will offer the same information in an alternative, free, format which will not rank schools, as, "an educational experience can't be reduced to one number, a school's so-called rank. The simplicity of a rank is understandably more appealing than spending hours poring over college catalogues and visiting campuses, but myriad complex variables can't be reduced to a single number." Instead, Hill asks students and parents to "compare schools on a variety of factors ... they should visit campuses and go on what feels like a good match rather than relying on filtered or secondhand information. We must encourage students to look inside their hearts and trust their instincts when it comes to choosing a college, not whether parents or friends think a university is cool or prestigious."

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colleges toward the criteria that U.S. News uses ... So this week, when an association of 80 liberal arts college presidents, including Barnard, Sarah Lawrence and Kenyon, announced that a majority of them would no longer participate in the U.S. News annual survey, and that they would fashion their own way to collect and report common data, it was bad news for the magazine, but good news for families. It's also good news for American higher education, some of whose institutions may now become less timid about accepting the quirky applicant, less nuts about generating journalistic puff pieces, and more bold about declaring (and living up to) unique educational missions that don't derive from focus groups.

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at particular colleges or universities; encourage wasteful spending and gamesmanship in institutions' pursuing improved rankings; overlook the importance of a student in making education happen and overweight the importance of a university's prestige in that process; and degrade for students the educational value of the college search process. We ask you to make the following two commitments: 1. Refuse to fill out the U.S. News and World Report reputational survey. 2. Refuse to use the rankings in any promotional efforts on behalf of your college or university, and more generally, refuse to refer to the rankings as an indication of the quality of your college or university.

1581:, Sarah E. Wald, noted, "the rankings purport to give an overall order to colleges and graduate schools to help students make the best decisions about where to attend school. But universities all know how misleading and even destructive these rankings can be. It's common knowledge how the statistics can be 'gamed.' Colleges can solicit applications from students with little chance of acceptance to boost how selective they appear. Schools can adjust when they allow faculty to take leave in order to raise the faculty/student ratio. And admitting more 'risky' students on transfer rather than in the initial class results in a higher freshman SAT average." 381:

website. In 1998, Stanford posted an alternative database on its website, stating: "This page is offered in contrast to commercial guides that purport to 'rank' colleges; such rankings are inherently misleading and inaccurate. Stanford believes the following information, presented without arbitrary formulas, provides a better foundation for prospective students and their families to begin comparing and contrasting schools." It has since been posted annually as the "Stanford University Common Data Set". FUNC eventually disbanded and Stanford currently participates in the survey.

1331:, Peyton Helm, argued that "most of the other factors weighted by U.S. News in their rankings (in a secret formula they will not reveal, that is changed every year, and that independent researchers have been unable to replicate) are based, ultimately, on institutional wealth ... A trustee once asked me what it would take for Muhlenberg to be ranked in the top five by U.S. News. My answer was simple: A check for $ 800 million placed directly in the endowment would do it -- even if we never changed another thing we were doing." Helms also noted that, "what you won't read in 483: 662:, the person at the magazine who has a lot to say about how the rankings are computed, that absent students' SAT scores, the magazine will calculate the college's ranking by assuming an arbitrary average SAT score of one standard deviation (roughly 200 points) below the average score of our peer group. In other words, in the absence of real data, they will make up a number. He made clear to me that he believes that schools that do not use SAT scores in their admission process are admitting less capable students and therefore should lose points on their selectivity index." 715:"while we believe colleges and universities may want to cooperate in providing data to publications for the purposes of rankings, we believe such data provision should be limited to data which is collected in accord with clear, shared professional standards (not the idiosyncratic standards of any single publication), and to data which is required to be reported to state or federal officials or which the institution believes (in accord with good accountability) should routinely be made available to any member of the public who seeks it." 514:, as well as a number of universities in Canada in 2006) which have criticized the practice of college rankings. The arguments of those who criticize the ranking are that it is not possible to come with a single number that characterizes university performance. Ratings, as argued by academic institutions and their leaders, can be easily manipulated and include such subjective characteristics as the "reputation" determined by surveying university administrators such as chancellors or deans. Methodology of many rankings (e.g., 1306:: "I have lived long enough to come to the conclusion that major shifts occur every quarter century or so in the way American culture approaches matters of importance. We often call those shifts revolutions because people revolt against old and outmoded ways of doing things in favor of new approaches, new technologies and new ideas that better meet the needs of the time. We have experienced revolutions in information technology, travel and communication. There is one going on now that is symbolized by the introduction of 1145:, members discussed the letter to college presidents. As a result, "a majority of the approximately 80 presidents at the meeting said that they did not intend to participate in the U.S. News reputational rankings in the future." However, the decision to fill out the reputational survey or not will be left up to each individual college as: "the Annapolis Group is not a legislative body and any decision about participating in the US News rankings rests with the individual institutions." 1556:

and have nots -- the rich families from the poor ones, and the well-endowed schools from the poorly endowed ones. Toss in the most heavily weighted factor in the U.S. News survey, the assessment of deans, college presidents, admissions officials and others regarding their peer institutions (a beauty contest that constitutes a full 25 percent of the U.S. News ranking), and you get the perfect recipe for a self-perpetuating, class-based rankings system driven by brand names,

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level knows, cannot be trusted. If last year's freshman classes at several colleges all had composite high school grade point averages of 3.6 to 3.8, I don't know how the intellectual caliber of one differs from another. But if one college attracted high school students whose SATs averaged 1100 to 1200, and another attracted students with SATs averaging 1300 to 1400, I know the latter is more selective. Sarah Lawrence might not care about such things, but I do."

1709:. Mr. Samuelson also missed the point in suggesting nonparticipating colleges are trying to censor U.S. News. The magazine is of course free to continue its rankings, as are others. We are simply saying that we will not participate in an exercise that, in our view, misleads prospective students more than it helps and drives up college costs by encouraging spending in pursuit of rankings on a fictional prestige ladder invented by 255: 36: 670:, "indicated that if a school stops sending data, the default assumption will be that it performs one standard deviation below the mean on numerous factors for which U.S. News can't find published data. Again, making up the numbers it can't get. The message is clear. Unless we are willing to be badly misrepresented, we had better send the information the magazine wants." 1400:"plans not to participate in the peer reputational survey or data collection for U.S. News and World Report's rankings" as, according to Myers, "by submitting data and the peer reputation survey we have tacitly been endorsing these rankings ... all the information we have provided to U.S. News in the past will be available to the public through other channels." 135: 77: 541:

The statement also said that its members "have agreed to participate in the development of an alternative common format that presents information about their colleges for students and their families to use in the college search process." This database will be web based and developed in conjunction with higher education organizations including the

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Critics say rankings have incentivized institutions to encourage more unqualified students to apply (in order to increase selectivity) and are a better measure of the abilities students had when they arrived than what they learned from higher education. In 2023, a third of the 196 law schools annually surveyed had withdrawn cooperation from the

365:, in 1996, Alma College surveyed 158 colleges about the rankings. The result of the survey indicated that "84 per cent of the respondents admitted that they were unfamiliar with some of the institutions they had been asked to rank. Almost 44 per cent indicated that they 'tended to leave responses for unfamiliar schools blank. 1741:

survey, for all its imperfections, performs the useful service of comparing apples with academic apples. In some ways, one might even argue that its nuts-and-bolts consumer information is at least as practical as the bar charts and numbers a car buyer might find in Consumer Reports or Car and Driver.

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article, "Ode to a fourth-tier college". Of this decision, he noted that, "I qualified for admission elsewhere, but CSU was close to my part-time job, and it was cheap ... I never required a student loan since I earned enough as a grocery bagger to pay tuition and fees in 1970 that totaled $ 300

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struggle with these issues, he says the rankings in effect discourage students from going to those schools... If there are people looking at the rankings as a measurement of the quality of an institution, they think do not have any type of qualities... do not tell you who the best schools are, just

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Among other reasons, we believe ... rankings: imply a false precision and authority that is not warranted by the data they use; obscure important differences in educational mission in aligning institutions on a single scale; say nothing or very little about whether students are actually learning

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Instead, it asks presidents to not participate in the "reputational survey" portion of the overall survey (which accounts for 25 percent of the total rank and asks college presidents to give their subjective opinion of other colleges). The letter also asks presidents not to use the rankings as a form

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for its national survey. Of this decision, Myers states, "We are a writing-intensive school, and the information produced by SAT scores added little to our ability to predict how a student would do at our college; it did, however, do much to bias admission in favor of those who could afford expensive

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A weakness of many of the ranking systems is that they rely on information and data provided by the universities themselves and that the numbers are usually not verified (or verifiable) independently. The years 2021/2022 have seen evidence that the enormous financial consequences of the rankings for

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does each year. Professional statisticians have reported that the methodology used by the magazine is seriously flawed and cannot be trusted." She also responds to Skube's discussion of Sarah Lawrence's decision not to consider SAT or ACT scores by stating, "Skube says he knows 'all he needs to know

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In the summer of 1996, Marshall University sociology professor Dr. William Westbrook was having a conversation with a recent Master's graduate. The graduate inquired about Marshall's traditional admissions policy, which had a lower SAT/ACT apparent requirement than his undergraduate school, Shepherd

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Author and journalist, Peter Sacks, narrows the argument by suggesting a direct correlation between the wealth of school and its rank. He suggests that "the ranking amounts to little more than a pseudo-scientific and yet popularly legitimate tool for perpetuating inequality between educational haves

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president Patricia McGuire argued that, "the survey asks me to 'rate the academic quality of undergraduate programs,' assigning each school a single score using a 1-to-5 scale from 'marginal' to 'distinguished.' That I have little real information about these 181 institutions does not seem to matter

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magazine as "a web-based alternative to the rankings that is being spearheaded by the 900-member National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities. NAICU's easy-to-read template, which is expected to be rolled out by hundreds of schools in September, allows students and their families to

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rankings continues to increase in volume among our colleagues to the south. Many of our American colleagues say that they would like to resist the rankings, but fear it can't be done, especially if only a few institutions act. I write to let you know that institutions can take on the rankings. About

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methodology, she states, "what many of us dispute is the validity of a single score computed by using "data points" to which weights are arbitrarily ascribed (why should retention count for 20% instead of 30%; why is peer assessment 25% instead of 10%; and who decides?). How can a single measure be

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2015 Best Engineering Schools Rankings) emphasizes research expenditures (such as grants and contracts) as the only measure of scientific accomplishments despite the concern that measuring science by the amount of money spent rather than by the importance and impact of scientific discoveries or the

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rankings indisputably measure something—and something is better than nothing, which is why parents of high school students pore over the magazine's tables and charts. This is rational behavior for people on the verge of spending more huge sums of money on the education of a single child. Like wise

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further argued that, "the problem with U.S. News' college rankings isn't that institutions of higher education shouldn't be held accountable for the quality of services they provide ... The problem is that the fierce competition among colleges to raise their rankings torques the priorities of

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scores, attended both high and low-income schools, and found no difference in post-graduation success rates) and noted that, "too often, it seems, students choose colleges the way they choose jeans or athletic shoes. They would rather bust the family budget than be caught dead in sweats bearing an

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president, Robert G. Bottoms, argued that, "I, in fact, did not fill out the reputational survey for this past year. I came to the conclusion that I am not in a position to make judgments on other schools, many of which I have little or no familiarity with. The fact that one quarter of a college's

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reputational rankings in the future." However, the decision to fill out the reputational survey or not will be left up to each individual college as: "the Annapolis Group is not a legislative body and any decision about participating in the US News rankings rests with the individual institutions."

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annual survey. According to Reed's Office of Admissions, "Reed College has actively questioned the methodology and usefulness of college rankings ever since the magazine's best-colleges list first appeared in 1983, despite the fact that the issue ranked Reed among the top ten national liberal arts

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rankings. The problem, he argues, with this use is that there is "no basis for inferring national versus regional focus, because it's not a factor in the classification criteria. So it should come as no surprise that the national and regional lists contain a great many inconsistencies and bizarre

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College Survey" Casper's letter circulated among college presidents and led to a decision by Stanford that it will "submit objective data to U.S. News, but will withhold subjective reputational votes." Stanford also announced at this time that it would post information about the University on its

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survey. FUNC eventually spread to other colleges and universities and was composed of a "group of students at universities across the country who argue that ranking something as complex and variable as a college education with a single number is an oversimplification. FUNC claims that the process

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and at best provide a guess about academic performance in the first year of college. I do not think Elon University's SAT scores tell all there is to know about Elon. To think so would be falling into the trap of using one single measure as a proxy for the complex nature of any college. Which is

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scores. Don't even send 'em, it tells high school students. That tells me all I need to know about Sarah Lawrence. It tells me that Sarah Lawrence doesn't take aptitude as seriously as I'd like. The university depends far more on high school grades, which, as anyone who has taught at the college

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editor Robert Morse, argued that "a couple of journalists are making the case for the U.S. News rankings, explaining why the actions of a group of college presidents who have signed the letter boycotting the U.S. News peer survey may not be in the best interests of prospective students and their

1662:. Much information is in some way incomplete or imperfect. The proper response to evidence that you dislike or dispute is to supplement or discredit it with better evidence. The wrong response is to suppress it. And yet, that's the agenda of these college presidents. By not cooperating with the 1289:

rankings. In particular, she argues against "the largest single factor in the U.S. News rating formula" which is the reputational survey as, "it is unrealistic to expect academic officials to know enough about hundreds of institutions to fairly evaluate the quality of their programs." Hill then

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issued a response to this article on March 12, 2007, which stated: "Sarah Lawrence's decision is unique, and the magazine's handling of it is still under consideration. Some colleges have made SAT or ACT scores optional in the admissions process, but to our knowledge, no other major college has

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include that it is not possible to arrive at a single number which characterizes university performance; ratings can be easily manipulated; and ratings may include subjective characteristics, like "reputation", as determined by surveying university administrators, such as chancellors or deans.

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is that most of the data they use is public information, readily available on the Web sites of most colleges and universities, as well as on the U.S. Department of Education Web site. There is no single formula for weighting these factors -- they will have different significance for different

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Myers further stated that "several faculty members and deans suggested that perhaps it was time to stop playing ranking roulette and opt out of the survey." Myers next argued that at the NEAIR (North East Association for Institutional Research) 33rd Annual Conference in 2006, a talk given by

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Over the years, St. John's College has been ranked everywhere from third, second, and first tier, to one of the 'Top 25' liberal arts colleges. Yet, the curious thing is: We haven't changed. Our mission and our methods have been virtually constant for almost 60 years. So when it comes to the

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data researchers regularly participate in briefings and conferences where the most complicated nuances of the process are discussed with the ranked institutions. We regularly adjust to changes in the educational environment, and we plan to address this circumstance in a similar manner."

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first collects all these data (using an agreed-upon set of definitions from the Common Data Set). Then we post the data on our website in easily accessible, comparable tables. In other words, the Annapolis Group and the others in the NAICU initiative actually are following the lead of

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460:, our Canadian equivalent ... It's time to question these third-party rankings that are actually marketing driven, designed to sell particular issues of a publication with repurposing of their content into even higher sales volume special editions with year-long shelf life 1427:

to one set of numbers, and then rank them. College presidents, academic deans and deans of admission do not know enough about other institutions to make meaningful comparisons. This gives a false sense of reliability to what is a ranking system without any real validity."

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Program, runs counter to the usual emphasis on rankings and selectivity. As of 2005, St. John's has chosen not to participate in any collegiate rankings surveys and has not sent them their requested survey information. However, the school is still included in the

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a year ago, a growing number of Canadian institutions began to raise the same alarm, ultimately resulting in 25 of our 90+ institutions — including many of our leading universities — banding together to take just such a stand against the fall rankings issue of

1285:. In this article, Hill states that this decision was not based upon "a lack of concern about providing accurate, comprehensive information to help students and their families make decisions about college." Rather, she argued against the methodology of the 348:, stating, "As the president of a university that is among the top-ranked universities, I hope I have the standing to persuade you that much about these rankings - particularly their specious formulas and spurious precision - is utterly misleading." 1547:. I earned the same ample salary and benefits as they, and, more important, was privileged to engage in the same kind of fulfilling work." He also referenced the 2000 Krueger-Dale study (which compared groups of students who received the same 584:." In reference to the alternative database discussed by the Annapolis Group, Morse also argued, "It's important to point out that the Annapolis Group's stated goal of presenting college data in a common format has been tried before ... 49: 1344:. But after learning more about the magazine's methodology and discussing the issue with colleagues at this week's meeting, she concluded that the rankings were based too heavily on measurements determined by institutional wealth." 1395:

statement as they "believe in accountability and openness, and that the public has a right to solid and reliable information about the important decisions involved in choosing a college." The press release also indicated that

1641:, entitled "They Protest Too Much", published on June 28, 2007, in which he quotes John J. Miller as stating, "the magazine's editors and writers aren't interfering with higher education so much as responding to a 1789: 529: 55: 1336:

students and families. So, next year I and many other leaders of our nation's best colleges and universities will be working on a new and better Web-based tool for families engaged in the college search."

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this past week; we know what this one is about. But there is another revolution going on related to choosing a college -- and the role that public rankings play in that choice -- that may be less clear."

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per year. All told, a pretty good value, even for a fourth-tier school." McGrath considered it a "good value", because, "CSU eventually led to a teaching career, and my working alongside professors from

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In February 1997, Stanford University contemplated following both Reed and Alma by not filling out the ranking survey, a move advocated by FUNC. On April 18, 1997, Casper issued a letter critical of

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pull up extensive information organized in an objective format that includes such data as what percentage of students graduate in four years compared to those who graduate in five or six years."

1601: 3638: 1387:, stated, "they will do what they will do, ... we will do what we will do. And we want to do it in a principled way." Myers also indicated in a press release for the college magazine, 1204:, but the technique of asking industry leaders to rate their competitors is a commonly accepted practice. The results from the peer survey also can act to level the playing field between 576:, but the technique of asking industry leaders to rate their competitors is a commonly accepted practice. The results from the peer survey also can act to level the playing field between 1597: 1670:. What their students will learn, if they're paying attention, is a life lesson in cynicism: how eminent authorities cloak their self-interest in high-sounding, deceptive rhetoric." 2471: 536:

survey (this section comprises 25% of the ranking). As a result, "a majority of the approximately 80 presidents at the meeting said that they did not intend to participate in the

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12 college and university presidents originally signed the letter in early May 2007. The letter currently has sixty-one signatures, though others may be added at a later date.

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about Sarah Lawrence' because the college does not use SAT scores in its admission process, and therefore he infers we don't take aptitude seriously. Perhaps he doesn't know

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has been supplying this exact college information for many years already. And it appears that NAICU will be doing it with significantly less comparability and functionality.

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has been supplying this exact college information for many years already. And it appears that NAICU will be doing it with significantly less comparability and functionality.

315:, "by far the most important consequence of sitting out the rankings game, however, is the freedom to pursue our own educational philosophy, not that of some newsmagazine." 3171: 1687: 1462: 705: 226: 490:

have, occasionally collectively, expressed discontent with metric manipulation and unfair representation of their institutions in rankings of higher education schools.

1219:, Morse also argued, "it's important to point out that the Annapolis Group's stated goal of presenting college data in a common format has been tried before ... 1746:

calls master's level and those that provide primarily the bachelor's degree (called 'comprehensive' schools, oddly enough)." Skube also notes objections made to the

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demand for more information about it. The demand exists because colleges and universities are among the least accountable institutions in American life ... the

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survey, they hope to sabotage the rankings. They say they'll provide superior information. But they want to control what parents and students see. This is soft

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Speaking at a March 2023 conference organized by Yale and Harvard Law Schools, amidst a backlash over the influential law school rankings; Cardona stated that

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president, Frances Lucas, further noted that, "she previously had paid little attention to the rankings debate because her own institution was rated highly in

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of a school can help get that all-important first job and plays a key part in which grad school someone will be able to get into. The peer survey is by nature

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of a school can help get that all-important first job and plays a key part in which grad school someone will be able to get into. The peer survey is by nature

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Some universities and colleges in the United States and Canada have rejected the methodology used in academic rankings pertaining to their institutions.

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in an attempt to improve its approach ... but nothing can really improve a system that seeks to reduce 3,300 educational programs in American

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firmly believe the survey has significant value because it allows us to measure the 'intangibles' of a college that we can't measure through

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firmly believe the survey has significant value because it allows us to measure the "intangibles" of a college that we can't measure through

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makes college administrations focus on numerical rankings rather than on educating students." FUNC also involved then-Stanford President

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valid when, in some cases, values are made up when they are not provided (the case of the missing SATs at Sarah Lawrence — the point of

1729:, Michael Skube, argued in the editorial, "The No. 1 reason to rank colleges", against arguments made in the March 11, 2007, article in 1026: 968: 3442: 2621: 2373: 1870: 432: 2071: 246:

surveys. Subsequently, 11 Canadian universities issued a joint statement describing the rankings as "over-simplified and arbitrary".

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the universities have tempted university administrators to manipulate or criminally falsify data submitted to ranking agencies.

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rankings, we would rather be ourselves and have our college speak for itself, than be subjected to fluctuating outside analysis.

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unrecognizable school logo. But it's their ability, work ethic and dedication that determine the height of their achievement."

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argued that, "many of us in higher education dislike popular college rankings such as the annual academic beauty pageant from

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ranking is based upon what is, in essence, its popularity, is very disturbing and we choose not to be a part of the process."

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placements ... By continuing to rely on the Carnegie Classification, they avoid the tough job of defining their terms."

1366:"focuses on institutional resources, student selectivity and graduation rates to select the top institutions. But since many 1069: 927: 2796: 1895: 1737:, Michele Tolela Myers. Skube states that, while having some merit, these arguments were "partly beside the point ... 3499: 3486: 3347: 3032: 2843: 2566: 2097: 2007: 1457: 1086: 798: 361: 3649: 3248: 3229: 3059: 2777: 2507: 1754:

survey and responds by stating that, "one can see why." However, he argues, "sometimes just the facts will do, and the

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college ranking guide and ranks in the third tier. This may be due to the school's decision not to send information to

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to be "a joke." In November 2022, Yale Law School, closely followed by Harvard Law School, withdrew cooperation from

1630: 1180: 682: 516: 270: 3214: 2973: 3590: 3131: 2988: 2176: 2041: 1686:, "College Rankings Are Lame Science", in which he states, "when Dickinson College chose not to participate in the 915: 3416: 3080: 2441: 2101: 2003: 2904: 1779:, Michele Tolela Myers, responded to Michael Skube's rebuttal in the July 12, 2007, letter to the editor for the 1059: 885: 405:. President Christopher B. Nelson stated that, "in principle, St. John's is opposed to rankings." He notes that: 3009:"DePauw Joins Annapolis Group Peers in Quest to Deliver Better Information to Prospective Students and Parents" 2944: 2287: 2199: 1525: 1036: 1020: 891: 687:

decided to disregard them completely. Our rankings are painstakingly tabulated, using the best data available.

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that he didn't find their project credible, and that the college would not be returning any of their surveys."

979: 2945:"Scripps College Joins Annapolis Group in Support of Better Information for Parents and Prospective Students" 2149: 2968: 1655: 1540: 1453: 1359: 1047: 1041: 780: 277: 2127: 1682:, Neil Weissman, responded to Robert Samuelson's rebuttal, in the June 30, 2007, letter to the editor, for 3099:

Christopher Marsh (chris-marsh-usa) was the graduate talking to his adviser the summer after he graduated.

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to the U.S. News editors ... Some of the actual best colleges in this nation do not fare well in the

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manual offers them in great heaps ... Sarah Lawrence, for example, does not take into consideration

2964:"Colleges question U.S. News rankings: Six Virginia schools stopped or are likely to stop participating" 2687: 1544: 1246: 1124: 1091: 985: 701: 469: 442: 424: 285:

and other popular college guides. This led Reed's then-president Steven Koblik to inform the editors of

91:

that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

1981: 3431: 1958: 1705:

rankings is that they are not 'intellectual.' They are, as some higher education experts label them,

1659: 1536: 1441: 1299: 1278: 1053: 3308: 2863: 1920: 1432:

president, Elizabeth S. Muhlenfeld stated that, "one of our colleagues likened it to trying to rank

816:

A number of signatures have been added to the original twelve. Others may be added at a later date.

3785: 3695: 3654: 3438: 3426: 3085: 2283: 2261: 2239: 2221: 2203: 2184: 2049: 1954: 1492: 1429: 1320: 1080: 973: 875: 762: 615: 507: 465: 324: 3753: 1650:

investors, they want to know if they're getting a good deal." He also refers to the June 27, 2007

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also stated in a press release on the college website that Scripps will also no longer submit the

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due to the peer assessment survey which counts for 22.5% of a college's ranking. According to the

3765:"Beyond the College Rankings: A Few Thoughts From Jeffrey Brenzel, Dean of Admissions, 2005-2013" 3665: 3460: 2743: 2531: 1328: 1274: 1205: 1118: 1008: 903: 704:, was sent to college and university presidents in the United States in May 2007, concerning the 643: 577: 1419:

as "for years we have known of flaws in the methodology; many of us have spoken with editors at

1391:, that the college will be involved in developing the new database of colleges discussed in the 521:

depth of the ideas could encourage costly projects that are not necessary scientifically sound.

1600:, Alexander C. McCormick, adds to the above discussion by arguing against the way in which the 3699: 3293: 3272: 3012: 2369: 2344: 1866: 1763: 1698: 1679: 1521: 1480: 1476: 1433: 1209: 1014: 950: 921: 833: 768: 744: 581: 2683: 2651: 635:

test score submission requirement for its undergraduate applicants in 2003 (thus joining the

297:, in its October 16, 1997, issue, argued that Reed's rankings were artificially decreased by 3630: 3473: 3115: 2993: 2822: 2349: 1424: 1408: 1352: 1337: 1241: 1002: 990: 897: 863: 857: 821: 804: 774: 311: 3614: 3152: 2217: 1845:

had "created an unhealthy obsession with selectivity" and that “We need a culture change".

3738: 3677: 3595: 3565: 3536: 3514: 3412: 3209: 3136: 3064: 2948: 2738: 2527:"Sarah Lawrence College Drops SAT Requirement, Saying a New Writing Test Misses the Point" 2445: 1726: 1637: 1618: 1530: 1445: 1404: 1392: 1270: 1216: 1162: 1138: 1106: 932: 756: 750: 525: 3576: 3046: 2758: 658:

article, Myers stated that: "I was recently informed by the director of data research at

214:

refers to critiques of various rankings publications among faculty and administrators in

2243: 1935: 502:. It follows previous movements in the U.S. and Canada (by schools in the 1990s such as 254: 3558: 2710: 2665: 2412: 1815: 1557: 1496: 1074: 962: 909: 839: 498:

has been voiced by a 2007 movement which developed among faculty and administrators in

341: 281:

about institutions flagrantly manipulating data in order to move up in the rankings in

2023:"U.S. News college rankings rankle critics - Forget U.S. News Coalition is pressuring 1383:, Michele Tolela Myers, in discussing her decision to no longer submit information to 3774: 3764: 3481: 3027: 2839:"Liberal-Arts College Group Plans to Help Develop Alternative to Commercial Rankings" 2838: 1706: 1635:

parents." In fact, Morse refers to an article published in conservative magazine the

1449: 1403:

Other presidents have also commented on the reputational survey. Former president of

956: 845: 640: 487: 293: 2333:, Vol IX, University of Windsor, June 20, 2016, p. 232. Retrieved February 14, 2024. 3725: 3586: 3547: 3529: 3507: 3494: 3482:

Liberal-Arts College Group Plans to Help Develop Alternative to Commercial Rankings

3332: 2877: 2592: 2327: 1939: 1694: 1585: 1201: 827: 573: 511: 503: 352: 332: 265: 258: 2314: 1520:, college choice, and the rankings. David McGrath, emeritus professor of English, 242: 1742:

What factors go into the rankings? Student retention accounts for 25% at schools

3758: 3422: 3008: 2328:"The Marketing of Canadian University Rankings: A Misadventure Now 24 Years Old" 1184:

editor Robert Morse issued a response in which he argued, "in terms of the peer

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editor Robert Morse issued a response in which he argued, "in terms of the peer

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The Presidents' Letter (dated May 10, 2007), developed by Lloyd Thacker of the

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Canadian universities are listening with great interest as the call to boycott

1722: 1667: 1303: 1197: 1193: 569: 565: 305:. Reed has also made the same claim. In discussing Reed's decision, President 3447: 1517: 1473: 3328:"Columbia whistleblower on exposing college rankings: 'They are worthless'" 2311:

University Business: The Magazine for College and University Administrators

2265: 1298:

A number of presidents have issued responses to these events. One of them,

344:. On September 23, 1996, Casper sent a letter to James Fallows, editor of 1642: 532:

asking them not to participate in the "reputation survey" section of the

18:

List of colleges and universities which have signed the Presidents Letter

605:

In 2007, educators in the United States began to question the impact of

2449: 2236:"Stanford University Statistics for Prospective Undergraduate Students" 1437: 1236: 427:

in 2005; in September 2006, 26 of 47 universities annually surveyed in

3382:"Yale sparked a U.S. News rankings revolt. Here’s what happened next." 3352:

United States Department of Justice - Eastern District of Pennsylvania

3028:"Parents and students deserve a program to create their own rankings" 2778:"Breaking Ranks:A College Can't Be Reduced to a Number in a Magazine" 1516:

Other academic administrators have discussed the correlation between

1469: 1307: 711:. The letter does not ask for a full boycott but rather states that: 428: 219: 240:

In 2006, 26 of 47 universities in Canada refused to complete annual

3309:"An Investigation of the Facts Behind Columbia's U.S. News Ranking" 2620:. North East Association for Institutional Research. Archived from 3604:"Are U.S. News Rankings Inherently Biased Against Black Colleges?" 2860:"Are U.S. News Rankings Inherently Biased Against Black Colleges?" 481: 253: 199: 1281:, discussed this decision further in a July 9, 2007, article for 275:

colleges. Reed's concern intensified with disclosures in 1994 by

3397:"U.S. News Rankings come under fire at Yale, Harvard conference" 3366:"U.S. News college rankings draw new complaints and competitors" 2124:"Alma College's President Urges Boycott of "U.S. News" Rankings" 2094:"Alma College's President Urges Boycott of "U.S. News" Rankings" 327:(ASSU) Vice-President Nicholas Thompson founded FUNC or "Forget 3661: 1759: 1548: 632: 128: 70: 29: 2551: 2549: 1783:, "Argument may be a rank disgrace". On the general topic of 1733:, "The Cost of Bucking College Rankings" by the president of 1302:

president John Griffith, compared this movement to a form of

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National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities

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National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities

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the research showing that SAT tests do not measure aptitude

1602:

Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education

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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

2064:"How U.S. News Calculated the 2016 Best Colleges Rankings" 1215:

In reference to the alternative database discussed by the

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institutions of higher education in both the United States

2927:"Sarah Lawrence College Endorses Annapolis Group Actions" 160: 3754:"Teens, parents should avoid College Selection Hysteria" 2042:"Letter from Casper Gerhard to James Fallows, editor of 1245:. The debate was between Lloyd Thacker, director of the 156: 3348:"Former Temple Business School Dean Convicted of Fraud" 2200:"Can a College Education Really Be Reduced to Numbers?" 2004:"Stanford Students Attack "U.S. News" College Rankings" 1978:

Summit: Stanford's Newsmagazine of Progressive Politics

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The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

309:

wrote in an article for the November 2005 issue of the

152: 94: 3313:

Personal university homepage of Prof. Michael Thaddeus

3399:

Reuters, March 1, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2024.

2862:. Diverse Issues in Higher Education. Archived from 2646: 2644: 2642: 2442:"Annapolis Group Statement On Rankings and Ratings" 2126:. Rice University. January 31, 1997. Archived from 1137:On June 19, 2007, during the annual meeting of the 524:On June 19, 2007, during the annual meeting of the 3371:, September 12, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2024. 2615:"NEAIR 33rd Annual Conference Program at a Glance" 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2027:to cease publishing overall rankings for colleges" 1915: 1913: 1149:with higher education organizations including the 619:article "The Cost of Bucking College Rankings" by 431:jointly refused to participate in annual national 3495:"Annapolis Group Challenges 'U.S. News' Rankings" 3417:Annapolis Group Statement on Rankings and Ratings 2897:"Some Colleges to Drop Out of U.S. News Rankings" 2303:"Why you won't find St. John's College ranked in 1888:"Maclean's releases its 20th university rankings" 3387:, December 4, 2023/ Retrieved February 13, 2024. 2390:"Methodology: Best Engineering Schools Rankings" 1323:, correlating a high ranking on the survey with 1257:editor Brian Kelly. The debate was moderated by 355:, Alan Stone, asked 480 colleges to boycott the 3456:Some Colleges to Drop Out of U.S. News Rankings 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2392:. U.S. News & World Report (also comments). 1479:to influence the peer voting system." Finally, 722: 447: 407: 376:college rankings titled "An alternative to the 3469:"'Hearsay' isn't the way to choose a college" 2818:"'Hearsay' isn't the way to choose a college" 155:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 8: 3626:"Colleges Should Boycott Bogus Ratings Game" 2989:"Colleges Should Boycott Bogus Ratings Game" 1348:Historically black colleges and universities 331:Coalition" in 1996 as a show of support for 3666:"Colleges Pull Out of 'U.S. News' Rankings" 3577:"Debate: Top Critic vs. 'U.S. News' Editor" 2759:"Debate: Top Critic vs. 'U.S. News' Editor" 1319:Presidents have also discussed the role of 319:Stanford University, FUNC, and Alma College 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2578: 2576: 1579:University of North Carolina School of Law 1235:A debate on this issue was published as a 3714:"U.S. News Statement on College Rankings" 2797:"Revolutions: iPhones and college choice" 2557:"U.S. News Statement on College Rankings" 2150:"Stanford: University mulls over ratings" 646:), SLC does not have SAT data to send to 500:American institutions of higher education 186:Learn how and when to remove this message 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 2506:Tolela Myers, Michele (March 11, 2007). 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 1936:"U.S. News & World Report hat trick" 1802:precisely why the rankings are flawed." 654:As a result of this policy, in the same 243:MacLean's Guide to Canadian Universities 3287:Myers, Michele Tolela (July 12, 2007). 2472:"About the Annapolis Group's Statement" 1853: 1524:, discussed his own decision to attend 3650:"The Cost of Bucking College Rankings" 2776:Will, Katherine Haley (July 9, 2007). 2508:"The Cost of Bucking College Rankings" 2343:Samarasekera, Indira (April 2, 2007). 1590:USC Annenberg School for Communication 335:'s decision not to participate in the 3639:About the Annapolis Group's Statement 3326:McGreal, Chris (September 16, 2022). 3249:"College Rankings Are 'Lame Science'" 3151:McCormick, Alexander (May 10, 2007). 2280:"Stanford Fourth in US News Rankings" 2258:"Stanford University Common Data Set" 2156:. Palo Alto Online. February 19, 1997 880:Santa Fe University of Art and Design 613:, coinciding with the newly released 357:U.S. News & World Report Rankings 146:too many or overly lengthy quotations 7: 3508:"Would U.S. News Make Up Fake Data?" 2585:"Would U.S. News Make Up Fake Data?" 2286:. September 22, 2006. Archived from 1834:for the previous year, according to 1820:United States Secretary of Education 1771:Response from Sarah Lawrence College 1265:Statement from Annapolis Group chair 1249:, who is a well known critic of the 392:, which since 1937 has followed the 3734:"College Rankings: What's the Use?" 3559:"More Momentum Against 'U.S. News'" 3268:"The No. 1 reason to rank colleges" 3228:Samuelson, Robert (June 27, 2007). 2703:"More Momentum Against 'U.S. News'" 2405:"More Momentum Against 'U.S. News'" 2070:. September 8, 2015. Archived from 2021:Garigliano, Jeff (March 15, 1997). 1972:Thompson, Nick (October 25, 1996). 1822:, declared ranking systems akin to 1027:Northwest Missouri State University 969:Kutztown University of Pennsylvania 351:In January 1997, then-president of 301:after they stopped sending data to 3608:Diverse Issues in Higher Education 3548:"Growing Challenge to 'U.S. News'" 2987:McGuire, Patricia (May 16, 2007). 2878:"Growing Challenge to 'U.S. News'" 2858:Kamara, Margaret (June 28, 2007). 2175:Casper, Gerhard (April 18, 1997). 2100:. January 31, 1997. Archived from 2040:Casper, Gerhard (April 18, 1997). 1160:The new database was described in 1113:Washington & Jefferson College 1065:Saint Mary's College of California 812:Current list of additional schools 433:rankings of universities in Canada 25: 3289:"Argument may be a rank disgrace" 3026:Hill, Catharine (July 19, 2007). 2583:Jaschik, Scott (March 12, 2007). 2525:Gross, Jane (November 13, 2003). 1934:Watson, Harriet (November 1997). 1617:Other media outlets have offered 1097:University of Illinois at Chicago 730:List of colleges and universities 486:Colleges and universities in the 45:This article has multiple issues. 3686:"A Better Way to Rank Colleges?" 3247:Weissman, Neil (June 30, 2007). 3058:McGrath, David (July 24, 2007). 2757:Jaschik, Scott (June 25, 2007). 2734:"A Better Way to Rank Colleges?" 2701:Jaschik, Scott (June 20, 2007). 2565:. March 12, 2007. Archived from 2403:Jaschik, Scott (June 20, 2007). 1923:. Reed College Admission Office. 1886:Iype, Mike (November 10, 2010). 1792:)? However, that's exactly what 1102:University of Wisconsin–Superior 1032:Northwestern College (Minnesota) 530:the letter to college presidents 133: 75: 34: 3781:University and college rankings 3266:Skube, Michael (July 8, 2007). 3130:Kaplan, Marty (June 20, 2007). 2795:Griffith, John (July 4, 2007). 2470:Morse, Robert (June 22, 2007). 2448:. June 19, 2007. Archived from 1955:"Is There Life After Rankings?" 1674:Response from Dickinson College 1613:Rebuttals and further responses 1472:, big-time sports notoriety or 1239:in the June 25, 2007, issue of 1155:Council of Independent Colleges 547:Council of Independent Colleges 496:college and university rankings 222:, as well as in media reports. 211:college and university rankings 53:or discuss these issues on the 3230:"A College Course in Cynicism" 3203:Miller, John (June 28, 2007). 3170:Morse, Robert (July 3, 2007). 3079:Sacks, Peter (April 5, 2007). 3060:"Ode to a fourth-tier college" 2895:Finder, Alan (June 20, 2007). 2837:Hoover, Eric (June 20, 2007). 2816:Helm, Peyton (June 29, 2007). 1953:Diver, Colin (November 2005). 1577:Assistant to the dean for the 1070:San Francisco State University 928:Gordon College (Massachusetts) 1: 3673:"The College Rankings Revolt" 3530:"Battle Lines on 'U.S. News'" 3500:Chronicle of Higher Education 3487:Chronicle of Higher Education 3427:Is There Life After Rankings? 3172:"Some Support from Reporters" 3109:Wald, Sarah (June 30, 2007). 3081:"America's Best College Scam" 3033:The Christian Science Monitor 2962:Macenka, Joe (July 7, 2007). 2844:Chronicle of Higher Education 2732:Rawe, Julie (June 20, 2007). 2666:"Battle Lines on 'U.S. News'" 2198:Ray, Elaine (May–June 1997). 2098:Chronicle of Higher Education 2008:Chronicle of Higher Education 1468:because they do not have the 1458:Trinity Washington University 1294:College presidents: responses 1087:Trinity College (Connecticut) 799:Trinity Washington University 441:survey. The president of the 438:Maclean's University Rankings 362:Chronicle of Higher Education 27:Viewpoint in higher education 3721:"Dismissing school rankings" 3710:U.S. News & World Report 3700:"Rising Up Against Rankings" 3643:U.S. News & World Report 3177:U.S. News & World Report 3111:"Dismissing school rankings" 2562:U.S. News & World Report 2477:U.S. News & World Report 2368:. Harvard University Press. 2345:"Rising Up Against Rankings" 2305:U.S. News & World Report 2179:U.S. News & World Report 2068:U.S. News & World Report 2044:U.S. News & World Report 2025:U.S. News & World Report 1865:. Harvard University Press. 1828:U.S. News & World Report 1689:U.S. News & World Report 1654:op-ed, "A College Course in 1631:U.S. News & World Report 1181:U.S. News & World Report 1172:U.S. News & World Report 1141:, which represents over 100 707:U.S. News & World Report 683:U.S. News & World Report 675:U.S. News & World Report 554:U.S. News & World Report 534:U.S. News & World Report 517:U.S. News & World Report 451:U.S. News & World Report 419:2005—2006 movement in Canada 412:U.S. News & World Report 378:U.S. News & World Report 374:U.S. News & World Report 346:U.S. News & World Report 337:U.S. News & World Report 303:U.S. News & World Report 271:U.S. News & World Report 228:U.S. News & World Report 1604:is used in the creation of 997:Missouri Baptist University 852:Birmingham-Southern College 3802: 3591:"Reaming College Rankings" 3132:"Reaming College Rankings" 1501:US News & World Report 916:Franklin Pierce University 611:college admissions process 268:refused to participate in 3443:Ranking Lacks Credibility 1261:reporter, Scott Jaschik. 1060:Ripon College (Wisconsin) 980:Lewis & Clark College 886:College of the Holy Cross 623:(the former president of 1790:my Washington Post Op-Ed 1678:The provost and dean of 1526:Chicago State University 1355:, then president of the 1037:Ohio Wesleyan University 1021:Norfolk State University 892:College of the Southwest 153:summarize the quotations 3648:Myers, Michele Tolela. 3564:April 12, 2021, at the 3205:"They Protest Too Much" 2969:Richmond Times-Dispatch 2366:The University in Ruins 2364:Readings, Bill (1996). 2301:Nelson, Christopher B. 2177:"An alternative to the 1863:The University in Ruins 1861:Readings, Bill (1996). 1701:. The problem with the 1512:Economics and endowment 1488:Third-party involvement 1440:. How can you say that 1360:Philander Smith College 1315:Economics and endowment 1133:Annapolis Group meeting 1048:Philander Smith College 781:Southwestern University 384: 323:Associated Students of 278:The Wall Street Journal 3615:"Hidden in Plain View" 3613:McCormick, Alexander. 3535:July 26, 2017, at the 3513:July 26, 2017, at the 3153:"Hidden in Plain View" 2931:Sarah Lawrence College 2866:on September 27, 2007. 2802:The Times and Democrat 2317:on September 27, 2007. 2290:on September 28, 2007. 1777:Sarah Lawrence College 1735:Sarah Lawrence College 1573:Gaming and methodology 1564:University recruitment 1528:in the July 24, 2007, 1381:Sarah Lawrence College 1371:the most privileged." 945:Hampden-Sydney College 727: 629:Sarah Lawrence College 625:Sarah Lawrence College 601:Sarah Lawrence College 491: 475: 416: 261: 230:Best Colleges Rankings 225:Arguments critical of 205: 97:by rewriting it in an 3451:. September 10, 2001. 2688:Education Conservancy 2218:"Rankings: Round Two" 2074:on September 19, 2015 1974:"Down With Rankings!" 1545:University of Chicago 1247:Education Conservancy 1143:liberal arts colleges 1125:Wittenberg University 1092:Unity College (Maine) 986:Luther College (Iowa) 702:Education Conservancy 695: 637:SAT optional movement 485: 470:University of Alberta 443:University of Alberta 425:University of Toronto 257: 203: 3696:Samarasekera, Indira 3439:Creighton, Joanne V. 3432:The Atlantic Monthly 3354:. November 29, 2021. 1959:The Atlantic Monthly 1898:on December 21, 2010 1775:Former president of 1717:Consumer information 1691:rankings of colleges 1660:anti-intellectualism 1379:Former president of 1325:institutional wealth 1300:Presbyterian College 1279:Katherine Haley Will 1054:Presbyterian College 1042:Paul Smith's College 621:Michele Tolela Myers 528:, members discussed 3742:. October 10, 2014. 3655:The Washington Post 3624:McGuire, Patricia. 3385:The Washington Post 3369:The Washington Post 3253:The Washington Post 3234:The Washington Post 3217:on August 10, 2007. 3086:The Huffington Post 2976:on August 23, 2007. 2933:. January 13, 2024. 2782:The Washington Post 2684:"Presidents Letter" 2652:"Presidents Letter" 2627:on October 11, 2007 2569:on January 5, 2013. 2512:The Washington Post 2284:Stanford University 2262:Stanford University 2240:Stanford University 2222:Stanford University 2204:Stanford University 2185:Stanford University 2050:Stanford University 2010:. October 25, 1996. 1836:The Washington Post 1731:The Washington Post 1684:The Washington Post 1621:to this criticism. 1493:Catharine Bond Hill 1430:Sweet Briar College 1413:Reputational Survey 1375:Reputational survey 1283:The Washington Post 1273:, and president of 1174:response and debate 1081:Sweet Briar College 974:Lake Forest College 876:College of Santa Fe 763:Heritage University 651:coaching sessions. 508:Stanford University 466:Indira Samarasekera 325:Stanford University 3602:Kamara, Margaret. 3521:. March 12, 2007. 3461:The New York Times 3047:Krueger-Dale Study 2901:The New York Times 2532:The New York Times 2104:on August 21, 2008 1921:"College Rankings" 1596:Senior scholar at 1357:historically black 1329:Muhlenberg College 1275:Gettysburg College 1178:On June 22, 2007, 1119:Washington College 1009:Muhlenberg College 904:Denison University 793:St. John's College 787:St. John's College 696:Presidents' Letter 552:On June 22, 2007, 492: 478:2007 U.S. movement 445:then stated that: 390:St. John's College 385:St. John's College 262: 206: 99:encyclopedic style 86:is written like a 3716:. March 12, 2007. 3681:. March 21, 2007. 3658:. March 11, 2007. 3435:, November, 2005. 3294:Los Angeles Times 3273:Los Angeles Times 3184:on April 12, 2008 3013:DePauw University 2746:on June 24, 2007. 2713:on April 12, 2021 2452:on June 26, 2007. 2415:on April 12, 2021 2268:on June 29, 2007. 2246:on March 6, 2007. 2224:. April 23, 1997. 1781:Los Angeles Times 1748:reputation survey 1680:Dickinson College 1560:, and prestige." 1522:College of DuPage 1481:DePauw University 1015:Naropa University 951:Hampshire College 922:Furman University 834:Aurora University 801:(Washington D.C.) 769:Lafayette College 745:Dickinson College 196: 195: 188: 178: 177: 127: 126: 119: 68: 16:(Redirected from 3793: 3729:, June 30, 2007. 3706:. April 2, 2007. 3704:Inside Higher Ed 3692:. June 20, 2007. 3668:. June 22, 2007. 3645:. June 22, 2007. 3631:Hartford Courant 3619:Inside Higher Ed 3610:, June 28, 2007. 3599:. June 20, 2007. 3583:. June 25, 2007. 3581:Inside Higher Ed 3572:. June 20, 2007. 3570:Inside Higher Ed 3552:Inside Higher Ed 3541:Inside Higher Ed 3525:. June 29, 2007. 3523:The Morning Call 3519:Inside Higher Ed 3506:Jaschik, Scott. 3503:. June 25, 2007. 3490:. June 20, 2007. 3477:, June 29, 2007. 3474:The Morning Call 3464:. June 20, 2007. 3419:. June 19, 2007. 3400: 3394: 3388: 3380:Stripling, Jack 3378: 3372: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3213:. Archived from 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3180:. Archived from 3167: 3161: 3160: 3157:Inside Higher Ed 3148: 3142: 3141: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3116:The Boston Globe 3106: 3100: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3055: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3015:. June 20, 2007. 3005: 2999: 2998: 2994:Hartford Courant 2984: 2978: 2977: 2972:. Archived from 2959: 2953: 2952: 2951:. June 21, 2007. 2941: 2935: 2934: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2907:on June 27, 2007 2903:. Archived from 2892: 2886: 2885: 2882:Inside Higher Ed 2874: 2868: 2867: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2823:The Morning Call 2813: 2807: 2806: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2763:Inside Higher Ed 2754: 2748: 2747: 2742:. Archived from 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2709:. Archived from 2707:Inside Higher Ed 2698: 2692: 2691: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2670:Inside Higher Ed 2662: 2656: 2655: 2648: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2595:on July 26, 2017 2591:. Archived from 2589:Inside Higher Ed 2580: 2571: 2570: 2553: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2503: 2486: 2485: 2484:on July 2, 2007. 2480:. Archived from 2467: 2454: 2453: 2438: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2411:. Archived from 2409:Inside Higher Ed 2400: 2394: 2393: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2350:Inside Higher Ed 2340: 2334: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2313:. Archived from 2298: 2292: 2291: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2264:. Archived from 2254: 2248: 2247: 2242:. Archived from 2232: 2226: 2225: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2154:Palo Alto Online 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1980:. Archived from 1969: 1963: 1962: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1894:. Archived from 1883: 1877: 1876: 1858: 1474:public relations 1448:are better than 1425:higher education 1409:Nancy Y. Bekavac 1353:Walter Kimbrough 1338:Millsaps College 1259:Inside Higher Ed 1242:Inside Higher Ed 1194:statistical data 1056:(South Carolina) 1003:Moravian College 991:McDaniel College 939:Hamilton College 924:(South Carolina) 900:(North Carolina) 898:Davidson College 864:Carthage College 858:Carleton College 822:Albright College 805:Wheelock College 775:Marlboro College 709:college rankings 566:statistical data 473: 368: 312:Atlantic Monthly 191: 184: 173: 170: 164: 137: 136: 129: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 79: 78: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3771: 3770: 3750: 3745: 3739:Huffington Post 3732:Ochoa, Roger. " 3637:Morse, Robert. 3634:. May 16, 2007. 3621:, May 10, 2007. 3596:Huffington Post 3566:Wayback Machine 3554:. May 18, 2007. 3537:Wayback Machine 3515:Wayback Machine 3413:Annapolis Group 3408: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3379: 3375: 3364:Anderson, Nick 3363: 3359: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3325: 3324: 3320: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3210:National Review 3202: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3137:Huffington Post 3129: 3128: 3124: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3065:Chicago Tribune 3057: 3056: 3052: 3045: 3041: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2949:Scripps College 2943: 2942: 2938: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2910: 2908: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2884:. May 18, 2007. 2876: 2875: 2871: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2654:. May 10, 2007. 2650: 2649: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2582: 2581: 2574: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2505: 2504: 2489: 2469: 2468: 2457: 2446:Annapolis Group 2440: 2439: 2428: 2418: 2416: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2326: 2322: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2181:College Survey" 2174: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2130:on July 9, 2007 2122: 2121: 2117: 2107: 2105: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2039: 2038: 2034: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1984:on May 29, 2008 1971: 1970: 1966: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1873: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1808: 1806:2020s critiques 1773: 1750:portion of the 1727:Elon University 1719: 1676: 1652:Washington Post 1638:National Review 1627: 1625:Consumer demand 1615: 1575: 1566: 1531:Chicago Tribune 1514: 1509: 1495:, president of 1490: 1436:. It's a great 1405:Scripps College 1393:Annapolis Group 1377: 1350: 1327:. President of 1317: 1296: 1271:Annapolis Group 1267: 1217:Annapolis Group 1210:public colleges 1176: 1139:Annapolis Group 1135: 1130: 1107:Ursinus College 953:(Massachusetts) 933:Goucher College 918:(New Hampshire) 888:(Massachusetts) 814: 807:(Massachusetts) 757:Earlham College 751:Drew University 741:(West Virginia) 739:Bethany College 732: 698: 679: 656:Washington Post 616:Washington Post 603: 582:public colleges 526:Annapolis Group 480: 474: 464: 421: 387: 366: 321: 252: 192: 181: 180: 179: 174: 168: 165: 159:or excerpts to 150: 138: 134: 123: 112: 106: 103: 95:help improve it 92: 80: 76: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3773: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3762: 3749: 3748:External links 3746: 3744: 3743: 3730: 3717: 3707: 3693: 3682: 3669: 3659: 3646: 3635: 3622: 3611: 3600: 3584: 3573: 3555: 3544: 3543:. May 1, 2007. 3526: 3504: 3491: 3480:Hoover, Eric. 3478: 3467:Helm, Peyton. 3465: 3454:Finder, Alan. 3452: 3436: 3420: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3401: 3389: 3373: 3357: 3339: 3318: 3300: 3279: 3258: 3239: 3220: 3195: 3162: 3143: 3122: 3101: 3092: 3071: 3050: 3039: 3018: 3000: 2979: 2954: 2936: 2918: 2887: 2869: 2850: 2829: 2808: 2787: 2768: 2749: 2724: 2693: 2675: 2672:. May 7, 2007. 2657: 2638: 2606: 2572: 2545: 2517: 2487: 2455: 2426: 2395: 2381: 2375:978-0674929531 2374: 2356: 2335: 2320: 2293: 2271: 2249: 2227: 2209: 2190: 2167: 2141: 2115: 2085: 2055: 2032: 2013: 1995: 1964: 1945: 1926: 1909: 1878: 1872:978-0674929531 1871: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1816:Miguel Cardona 1807: 1804: 1772: 1769: 1718: 1715: 1697:' to me means 1675: 1672: 1626: 1623: 1614: 1611: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1558:marketing hype 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1497:Vassar College 1489: 1486: 1398:Sarah Lawrence 1389:Sarah Lawrence 1376: 1373: 1362:, argued that 1349: 1346: 1316: 1313: 1295: 1292: 1266: 1263: 1253:rankings, and 1188:survey, we at 1175: 1169: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1115:(Pennsylvania) 1110: 1109:(Pennsylvania) 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1078: 1075:Shimer College 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1018: 1012: 1011:(Pennsylvania) 1006: 1005:(Pennsylvania) 1000: 994: 988: 983: 977: 971: 966: 963:Kenyon College 960: 954: 948: 942: 936: 930: 925: 919: 913: 910:Eckerd College 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 882:) (New Mexico) 873: 867: 861: 855: 849: 843: 840:Austin College 837: 831: 825: 824:(Pennsylvania) 818: 813: 810: 809: 808: 802: 796: 790: 784: 778: 772: 771:(Pennsylvania) 766: 760: 754: 748: 747:(Pennsylvania) 742: 731: 728: 720:of publicity: 717: 716: 697: 694: 678: 672: 602: 599: 560:survey, we at 479: 476: 462: 420: 417: 386: 383: 342:Gerhard Casper 320: 317: 251: 248: 194: 193: 176: 175: 141: 139: 132: 125: 124: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3798: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3719:Wald, Sarah. 3718: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3671:Rawe, Julie. 3670: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3592: 3588: 3587:Kaplan, Marty 3585: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3319: 3315:. 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1795: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721:Professor of 1716: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1269:Chair of the 1264: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 957:Hiram College 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 846:Berea College 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 819: 817: 811: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 736: 735: 729: 726: 721: 714: 713: 712: 710: 708: 703: 693: 690: 685: 684: 676: 673: 671: 669: 663: 661: 657: 652: 649: 645: 642: 641:undergraduate 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 617: 612: 608: 600: 598: 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3406:Bibliography 3392: 3384: 3376: 3368: 3360: 3351: 3342: 3333:The Guardian 3331: 3321: 3312: 3303: 3292: 3282: 3271: 3261: 3252: 3242: 3233: 3223: 3215:the original 3208: 3198: 3186:. 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