3526:
4308:
3514:
3407:
The internet teaches
Microsoft a lesson in the dangers of artificial intelligence and public interaction... Microsoft's millennial-talking AI chatbot, Tay.ai, has taken a break from Twitter after humans taught it to parrot a number of inflammatory and racist opinions... Microsoft had launched Tay on
3451:
Tay lived for just 16 hours, until
Microsoft "became aware of a coordinated effort by some users to abuse Tay's commenting skills" to make her a Nazi. The /pol/ boards on 4chan and 8chan—/pol/ stands for "politically incorrect"—are where that coordination took
3498:
2378:
3408:
Wednesday, aiming it at people aged between 18 and 24 years in the US. But after 16 busy hours of talking on subjects ranging from Hitler to 9/11 conspiracies, Tay has gone quiet.
3557:
3717:
2681:
3156:
2400:
Igor Bošnjak; Luka Šaravanja; Eva Čuljak; Željko Stojkić (2021). "Planning and implementation of
Digital Assistance System at University of Mostar Learning Factory".
1417:
1300:
2836:
3695:
2574:
2305:
3380:"ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com".
3220:"ActiveBuddy Introduces Software to Create and Deploy Interactive Agents for Text Messaging; ActiveBuddy Developer Site Now Open: www.BuddyScript.com".
4106:
3550:
2193:
2557:"Influencer who created AI version of herself says it's gone rogue and she's working 'around the clock' to stop it saying sexually explicit things"
4275:
1319:
831:
2808:
2538:"A 23-year-old Snapchat influencer used OpenAI's technology to create an A.I. version of herself that will be your girlfriend for $ 1 per minute"
3465:
3182:
4016:
3707:
3543:
2876:
2386:
3396:
2787:
2537:
2499:
2461:
4270:
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1147:
35:
4338:
4031:
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3072:
3047:
2909:
3802:
2291:
4219:
3872:
2671:
4333:
3867:
3612:
3420:
4343:
4136:
3857:
3034:
Berry, David M. (2018). "Weizenbaum, ELIZA and the End of Human Reason". In
Baranovska, Marianna; Höltgen, Stefan (eds.).
4298:
3152:
3829:
3334:
1283:
4174:
4159:
4131:
3996:
3991:
3566:
2828:
2518:
2435:
2020:
1951:
1557:
1435:
1305:
47:
3503:
2703:
3911:
3882:
3660:
2342:"The Design of A Natural Language Interface for File System Operations on the basis of a Structured Meanings Model"
2135:
1632:
1463:
1354:
1016:
979:
685:
617:
574:
465:
425:
394:
288:
229:
169:
112:
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3307:
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868:
823:
557:
381:
148:
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3892:
3777:
3675:
2950:
2106:
1338:
3435:
4184:
4154:
3821:
911:
694:
514:
492:
275:
2185:
4041:
3734:
3712:
3702:
3670:
3645:
1983:
939:
3901:
2925:
2645:
3529:
2061:
Rapidly decayed into producing poisonous & racist bigotry after manipulation by online trolls (on
4254:
3930:
3906:
3759:
3518:
3114:
2025:
1795:
1475:
1422:
1324:
1115:
987:
729:
699:
628:
519:
483:
412:
344:
312:
308:
136:
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1091:
886:
562:
280:
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4116:
3981:
3744:
3727:
3585:
2901:
2519:"Snapchat Sensation Caryn Marjorie's AI Doppelgänger: Your Virtual Girlfriend For $ 1 Per Minute"
2417:
2228:
2164:
1846:
42:
and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner. Such chatbots often use
2620:
4328:
4249:
3961:
3769:
3680:
3414:
3354:
3134:
3068:
3043:
2905:
2150:
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1999:
1927:
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592:
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349:
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268:
209:
180:
141:
3266:
4126:
4011:
3986:
3787:
3690:
3525:
3126:
2829:"What is Simsimi? All About the iPhone and Android App That Has the World Laughing Out Loud"
2409:
2357:
2271:
2238:
2141:
1750:
1553:
1518:
1390:
1133:
1120:
668:
437:
216:
130:
96:
39:
2945:
2596:
2500:"Snapchat influencer launches an AI-powered 'virtual girlfriend' to help 'cure loneliness'"
4312:
4238:
4199:
4194:
4062:
3792:
3665:
3640:
3622:
3493:
2813:
2792:
2004:
1931:
1688:
1577:
781:
533:
433:
2306:"Amazon Gets into Voice Recognition, Buys Ivona Software to Compete Against Apple's Siri"
3946:
3926:
3650:
3339:
2113:
1979:
1935:
1868:
1700:
1679:
1650:
1617:
1612:
1103:
759:
738:
634:
23:
4322:
4209:
4021:
4001:
3782:
3488:
2421:
2034:
1885:
1803:
1601:
1502:
1455:
1362:
1330:
1292:
1185:
840:
743:
192:
43:
4189:
3350:
2462:"Thousands chatted with this AI 'virtual girlfriend.' Then things got even weirder"
1963:
1825:
1655:
1561:
1265:
874:
765:
407:
91:
27:
3294:
4146:
4026:
3739:
3655:
3632:
3580:
2362:
2341:
1968:
1725:
1684:
1605:
1497:
851:
828:
776:
478:
4307:
3204:
2276:
2259:
3749:
3535:
1370:
1343:
1260:
1086:
1036:
253:
3138:
3130:
3617:
2676:
2621:"Huawei Launches Its Own Personal Assistant, That Sounds A Lot Like Apple's"
2039:
1838:
1771:
1712:
1527:
1440:
1366:
1160:
947:
881:
844:
801:
642:
597:
528:
497:
421:
402:
3397:"Microsoft's Tay AI chatbot goes offline after being taught to be a racist"
2858:
2765:
3513:
3042:] (in German) (1st ed.). Berlin: Projekt Verlag. pp. 53–70.
57:
is a general overview of notable chatbot applications and web interfaces.
4092:
4072:
4057:
4036:
4006:
3951:
3916:
3797:
3320:
3205:"FRED, Milton and Barry: the evolution of intelligent agents for the Web"
2413:
2353:
2243:
2216:
1808:
1374:
1277:
1128:
1068:
713:
708:
233:
187:
4229:
4087:
4067:
3941:
3685:
3600:
2094:
2050:
2015:
1756:
1745:
1720:
1467:
1451:
1397:
1201:
1196:
1171:
1141:
1099:
1064:
1052:
1008:
997:
967:
935:
924:
819:
808:
789:
769:
751:
721:
681:
609:
605:
541:
505:
457:
444:
357:
336:
300:
257:
161:
124:
120:
104:
19:
38:
systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in
3595:
3590:
3507:
3346:
2965:
2074:
1910:
1820:
1513:
1048:
956:
673:
474:
449:
386:
325:
241:
221:
153:
31:
3115:"The Limits of Computation: Joseph Weizenbaum and the ELIZA Chatbot"
129:
Largely based on a Polish speech synthesizer named Ivona, bought by
3321:"Having the Right license is just as important as having a License"
3003:
2809:"Meet Lenny – the internet's favourite telemarketer-tricking robot"
2481:"An influencer's AI clone will be your girlfriend for $ 1 a minute"
2233:
4285:
3921:
3401:
2440:
2079:
2066:
2062:
1955:
1939:
1880:
1860:
1534:
1411:
1176:
1056:
971:
907:
902:
898:
647:
623:
470:
292:
249:
245:
116:
30:
through text or voice interactions. Modern chatbots are typically
2788:"The Story of Lenny, the Internet's Favorite Telemarketing Troll"
3807:
2405:
1741:
1060:
1031:
429:
398:
3539:
2672:"The AI wars might have an armistice deal sooner than expected"
4082:
3250:
Gibes, Al (2002-03-25). "Circle of buddies grows ever wider".
3235:
Gibes, Al (2002-03-25). "Circle of buddies grows ever wider".
2131:
1760:
1736:
1628:
1570:
1459:
1358:
1044:
1012:
975:
689:
613:
570:
509:
461:
237:
165:
108:
3436:"Tay Exposes the Fairy Tales We Tell Ourselves About Racists"
3065:
Computer Power and Human Reason: From
Judgment to Calculation
3040:
2215:
Caldarini, Guendalina; Jaf, Sardar; McGarry, Kenneth (2022).
26:
application or web interface that is designed to mimic human
3153:"Computer chatbot 'Eugene Goostman' passes the Turing test"
1295:
winner designed to mimic the way humans make conversations
3179:"Turing Test success marks milestone in computing history"
2751:
2436:"Free Artificial Intelligence (AI) software for your PC"
3036:
Hello, I'm Eliza: Fünfzig Jahre Gespräche mit
Computern
552:
4296:
2340:
Vladimir A. Fomichov; Alexander A. Razorenov (2014).
2292:"Ivona, Alexa, Vika or intelligent girls from Gdańsk"
2217:"A Literature Survey of Recent Advances in Chatbots"
1604:
Turing test winner some regard as having passed the
4263:
4218:
4173:
4145:
4105:
4050:
3972:
3960:
3891:
3848:
3820:
3768:
3631:
3573:
3338:
1582:Vladimir Veselov, Eugene Demchenko, Sergey Ulasen
2260:"Chatbots: History, technology, and applications"
2258:Adamopoulou, Eleni; Moussiades, Lefteris (2020).
1841:were generated based on text from other postings
50:, but simpler chatbots have existed for decades.
2167:, public data used to train many research models
2402:11th Conference on Learning Factories, CLF2021
1711:ActiveBuddy's first offering, specializing in
1418:Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity
1301:Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity
3551:
2897:Starship Titanic: The Official Strategy Guide
8:
3297:, chatbots.org (Retrieved 21 February 2024).
1759:primarily designed to assist with answering
2320:"«Яндекс» добавил в «Алису» аналог ChatGPT"
1488:; originally named after character in Xbox
3969:
3765:
3558:
3544:
3536:
2646:"Meet Celia, Huawei's own voice assistant"
1230:
843:winner designed to befriend humans in the
64:
3341:The Policeman's Beard Is Half Constructed
3207:, Advances in intelligent systems, 1997.
3119:Weizenbaum Journal of the Digital Society
2361:
2275:
2242:
2232:
352:and speech-to-text dictation application
3497:) is being considered for deletion. See
2597:"International Voice Assistant Releases"
919:Included with the Brave desktop browser
4303:
3067:. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
2177:
1994:The second bot released by ActiveBuddy
1834:A synthetic user whose postings in the
1472:Tellme Networks, Satori, Microsoft Eva
3412:
3181:. University of Reading. 8 June 2014.
3023:PC Mag Oct 29, 1991 p.67 advertisement
2786:Oberhaus, Daniel (November 21, 2018).
2728:"New trend report: Into the Metaverse"
768:for those with the premium version of
2536:Sternlicht, Alexandra (May 9, 2023).
2322:(in Russian). www.rbc.ru. 17 May 2023
1389:acquired by Google, unrelated to the
1282:Based on a multi-faceted approach in
7:
4017:Simple Knowledge Organization System
2877:"Google Assistant beats Alexa, Siri"
2859:"Use Siri on all your Apple devices"
2196:from the original on 2 November 2010
2379:"Top 8 virtual personal assistants"
1148:generative pre-trained transformers
2839:from the original on 21 April 2012
2684:from the original on July 20, 2023
2498:Tolentino, Daysia (May 12, 2023).
2264:Machine Learning with Applications
36:generative artificial intelligence
14:
4032:Thesaurus (information retrieval)
3501:to help reach a consensus. ›
3308:Chatterbox Challenge 2009 Winners
3252:Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada)
3237:Las Vegas Review-Journal (Nevada)
3203:L. Caputo, R. Garner, P. Nathan.
3159:from the original on 12 June 2014
2807:Bolton, Doug (January 14, 2016).
2768:. People.exeter.ac.uk. 2013-09-14
1188:winner intended to function as a
4306:
3524:
3512:
3185:from the original on 8 June 2014
3468:. Time Magazine. Archived from
3464:Quittner, Joshua (1997-12-08).
2670:David, Emilia (July 20, 2023).
2555:Zitser, Josiah (May 11, 2023).
2479:Lorenz, Taylor (May 13, 2023).
1811:, Bruce Ellis, Don P. Mitchell
873:An audio bot designed to annoy
3613:Natural language understanding
3306:Ehab El-agizy, (June 30 2009)
3113:Berry, David M. (2023-11-06).
2377:King, Leo (15 December 2015).
2118:Viv Labs, Inc. (subsidiary of
1905:An early example of a chatbot
1146:Amazon Titan, Amazon Bedrock,
1:
4137:Optical character recognition
1155:Developed for enterprise use
3830:Multi-document summarization
3395:Tung, Liam (24 March 2016).
3265:Lenzo, Kevin (Summer 1998).
2926:"What is Amazon Q Business?"
2833:International Business Times
2766:"Loebner Prize Contest 2013"
2517:Bibey, Chris (12 May 2023).
2069:); suspended after 16 hours
1284:natural-language programming
1206:2017-06 (late in the month)
1114:Language processor used for
4160:Latent Dirichlet allocation
4132:Natural language generation
3997:Machine-readable dictionary
3992:Linguistic Linked Open Data
3567:Natural language processing
3063:Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976).
2363:10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.353
2105:An artificial intelligence
1547:1967 (stopped development)
48:natural language processing
4360:
3912:Explicit semantic analysis
3661:Deep linguistic processing
3419:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2277:10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006
3755:Word-sense disambiguation
3608:Computational linguistics
2704:"Most Loebner Prize wins"
2346:Procedia Computer Science
2112:
2087:2012 (early in the year)
2073:
2033:
1998:
1962:
1909:
1879:
1845:
1802:
1770:
1719:
1678:
1649:
1611:
1600:2012 Turing 100 and 2014
1576:
1533:
1496:
1434:
1396:
1337:
1299:
1259:
1195:
1159:
1127:
1085:
1030:
996:
992:Core platform technology
955:
923:
880:
850:
807:
775:
737:
707:
667:
641:
591:
556:
527:
491:
443:
380:
356:
324:
274:
215:
186:
147:
90:
4339:Natural language parsing
4281:Natural Language Toolkit
4205:Pronunciation assessment
4107:Automatic identification
3937:Latent semantic analysis
3893:Distributional semantics
3778:Compound-term processing
3676:Named-entity recognition
3499:templates for discussion
2107:software development kit
1562:lisp-like representation
420:designed for the latest
4185:Automated essay scoring
4155:Document classification
3822:Automatic summarization
2993:Henderson 2007, pg. 127
2894:Richards, Neil (1998).
695:Gemini (language model)
4042:Universal Dependencies
3735:Terminology extraction
3718:Semantic decomposition
3713:Semantic role labeling
3703:Part-of-speech tagging
3671:Information extraction
3656:Coreference resolution
3646:Collocation extraction
3155:. ZDNet. 8 June 2014.
3131:10.34669/WI.WJDS/3.3.2
2708:Guinness World Records
1984:Windows Live Messenger
1660:1997-12-01 or earlier
1526:Initially released in
1168:2000-12-04 or earlier
622:Microsoft Prometheus,
432:smartphones that lack
333:2014-02-09 or earlier
4334:Interactive narrative
3803:Sentence segmentation
2946:"Ultra Hal assistant"
1715:-related information
1116:non-player characters
4344:Software comparisons
4255:Voice user interface
3966:datasets and corpora
3907:Document-term matrix
3760:Word-sense induction
3521:at Wikimedia Commons
3466:"WHAT'S HOT IN BOTS"
3089:"Alan Turing at 100"
2414:10.2139/ssrn.3858378
2244:10.3390/info13010041
2186:"What is a chatbot?"
1796:Chatterbox Challenge
1763:in channels such as
1423:Open-source software
1325:Open-source software
1108:Based on VelociText
4235:Interactive fiction
4165:Pachinko allocation
4122:Speech segmentation
4078:Google Ngram Viewer
3850:Machine translation
3840:Text simplification
3835:Sentence extraction
3723:Semantic similarity
3530:Conversational bots
3295:Chatbot Jeeney A.I.
3267:"Infobots and Purl"
3095:. 13 September 2012
2984:Thompson 2002, p. 2
2835:. 23 January 2012.
2485:The Washington Post
2308:. January 24, 2013.
2120:Samsung Electronics
1687:(under contract by
1507:1991-06 or earlier
1227:Historical chatbots
1092:The Digital Village
839:Embodied five-time
281:Samsung Electronics
4245:Question answering
4117:Speech recognition
3982:Corpus linguistics
3962:Language resources
3745:Textual entailment
3728:Sentiment analysis
3472:on April 28, 2007.
2954:. 4 December 2000.
2902:Three Rivers Press
2883:. August 19, 2019.
2732:Wunderman Thompson
2165:The Pile (dataset)
1928:IBM PC compatibles
4294:
4293:
4250:Virtual assistant
4175:Computer-assisted
4101:
4100:
3858:Computer-assisted
3816:
3815:
3808:Word segmentation
3770:Text segmentation
3708:Semantic analysis
3696:Syntactic parsing
3681:Ontology learning
3517:Media related to
3335:Chamberlain, Bill
2904:. p. 71-73.
2863:support.apple.com
2625:Android Headlines
2585:on 27 March 2020.
2579:Android Authority
2466:Los Angeles Times
2156:
2155:
2151:Virtual assistant
2091:Microsoft Windows
1954:English-language
1874:Virtual assistant
1644:Virtual assistant
1540:Joseph Weizenbaum
1482:virtual assistant
1429:virtual assistant
1387:virtual assistant
1224:
1223:
1219:Virtual assistant
1190:virtual assistant
1080:Virtual assistant
586:Virtual assistant
563:Naver Corporation
418:Virtual assistant
350:Virtual assistant
319:Virtual assistant
269:Virtual assistant
210:Virtual assistant
181:Virtual assistant
142:Virtual assistant
4351:
4311:
4310:
4302:
4271:Formal semantics
4220:Natural language
4127:Speech synthesis
4109:and data capture
4012:Semantic network
3987:Lexical resource
3970:
3788:Lexical analysis
3766:
3691:Semantic parsing
3560:
3553:
3546:
3537:
3528:
3516:
3474:
3473:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3440:The New Republic
3434:Reeve, Elspeth.
3431:
3425:
3424:
3418:
3410:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3344:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3311:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3271:The Perl Journal
3262:
3256:
3255:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3031:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2900:(1st ed.).
2891:
2885:
2884:
2881:gadgets.ndtv.com
2873:
2867:
2866:
2865:. November 2023.
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2581:. Archived from
2575:"Huawei's Celia"
2571:
2565:
2564:
2561:Business Insider
2552:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2389:on 26 July 2023.
2385:. Archived from
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2236:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2182:
2140:Integrated into
1751:Artistic License
1554:Pattern matching
1519:Speech synthesis
1391:Google Assistant
1231:
1165:Robert Medeksza
1121:Starship Titanic
869:Source-available
816:2013 or earlier
764:Currently under
438:Google Assistant
65:
61:General chatbots
55:list of chatbots
40:natural language
4359:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4305:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4259:
4239:Syntax guessing
4221:
4214:
4200:Predictive text
4195:Grammar checker
4176:
4169:
4141:
4108:
4097:
4063:Bank of English
4046:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3887:
3844:
3812:
3764:
3666:Distant reading
3641:Argument mining
3627:
3623:Text processing
3569:
3564:
3502:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3444:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3411:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3323:. 28 June 2017.
3319:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3280:
3278:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3202:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3093:Harvard Gazette
3087:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2814:The Independent
2806:
2805:
2801:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2603:
2601:TrendHunter.com
2595:
2594:
2590:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2468:. 27 June 2023.
2460:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2294:. May 22, 2020.
2290:
2289:
2285:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2227:(1). MDPI: 41.
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2161:
2005:Google DeepMind
1689:Capitol Records
1578:Eugene Goostman
1306:Richard Wallace
1229:
961:Cognitive Code
929:Jason Hutchens
824:social networks
813:Steve Worswick
800:Predecessor to
782:Rollo Carpenter
534:Rollo Carpenter
434:Google Services
362:Caryn Marjorie
63:
12:
11:
5:
4357:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4222:user interface
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3947:Word embedding
3944:
3939:
3934:
3927:Language model
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3878:Transfer-based
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3651:Concept mining
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3522:
3510:
3486:
3482:
3481:External links
3479:
3476:
3475:
3456:
3426:
3387:
3372:
3359:
3326:
3312:
3310:, chatbots.org
3299:
3287:
3257:
3242:
3227:
3212:
3209:portal.acm.org
3196:
3170:
3144:
3105:
3080:
3073:
3055:
3048:
3026:
3015:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2957:
2937:
2917:
2910:
2886:
2868:
2850:
2820:
2799:
2778:
2757:
2752:"Kuki Chatbot"
2743:
2719:
2695:
2662:
2650:Speed Magazine
2637:
2612:
2588:
2566:
2547:
2528:
2509:
2490:
2471:
2453:
2427:
2392:
2369:
2332:
2311:
2297:
2283:
2250:
2207:
2190:techtarget.com
2176:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2157:
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2153:
2148:
2145:
2138:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2088:
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2077:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1869:Apache License
1866:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1815:
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1800:
1799:
1792:
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1768:
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1731:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1682:
1680:GooglyMinotaur
1676:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:True Knowledge
1615:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1567:
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1400:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1352:
1349:
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1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1291:1998 and 1999
1289:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
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1238:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:Classic Mac OS
1097:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1006:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
985:
982:
965:
962:
959:
953:
952:
950:
945:
942:
933:
930:
927:
921:
920:
917:
914:
905:
892:
889:
887:Brave Software
884:
878:
877:
871:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
848:
847:
837:
834:
826:
817:
814:
811:
805:
804:
798:
795:
792:
787:
784:
779:
773:
772:
762:
757:
754:
749:
746:
741:
735:
734:
732:
727:
724:
719:
716:
711:
705:
704:
702:
697:
692:
679:
676:
671:
665:
664:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
645:
639:
638:
631:
626:
620:
603:
600:
595:
589:
588:
583:
580:
577:
568:
565:
560:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
539:
536:
531:
525:
524:
522:
517:
512:
503:
500:
495:
489:
488:
486:
481:
468:
455:
452:
447:
441:
440:
415:
410:
405:
392:
389:
384:
378:
377:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
354:
353:
347:
342:
339:
334:
331:
328:
322:
321:
316:
306:
303:
286:
283:
278:
272:
271:
266:
263:
260:
227:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
190:
184:
183:
178:
175:
172:
159:
156:
151:
145:
144:
139:
134:
127:
102:
99:
94:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
69:
62:
59:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4356:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4276:Hallucination
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4210:Spell checker
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Speech corpus
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4002:Parallel text
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Example-based
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:Text chunking
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Lemmatisation
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3633:Text analysis
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:General terms
3572:
3568:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3388:
3384:. 2002-07-15.
3383:
3382:Business Wire
3376:
3373:
3362:
3360:0-446-38051-2
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3224:. 2002-07-15.
3223:
3222:Business Wire
3216:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3106:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3074:0-7167-0464-1
3070:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3049:9783897334670
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2911:0-609-80147-3
2907:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2663:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2523:Yahoo Finance
2520:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2359:
2356:: 1005–1011.
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
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3586:Bag-of-words
3532:at Wikibooks
3492:
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3439:
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2686:. Retrieved
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2665:
2654:. Retrieved
2652:. 2020-05-20
2649:
2640:
2629:. Retrieved
2627:. 2020-03-26
2624:
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2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2583:the original
2578:
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2387:the original
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2314:
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2253:
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2198:. Retrieved
2189:
2180:
1964:SmarterChild
1950:Was able to
1918:(publisher)
1835:
1826:Markov chain
1764:
1656:Robby Garner
1489:
1266:Robby Garner
1119:
940:command line
766:beta testing
633:Launched as
408:Huawei PanGu
54:
52:
28:conversation
17:
15:
4147:Topic model
4027:Text corpus
3873:Statistical
3740:Text mining
3581:AI-complete
3504:Chatterbots
3487:‹ The
2966:"Ultra Hal"
2951:The Tribune
2843:25 February
2542:Fortune.com
2221:Information
2128:2017-10-18
2125:2016-05-09
2047:2016-03-24
2044:2016-03-23
2026:Proprietary
2012:2023-01-12
1976:2006-10-12
1969:ActiveBuddy
1857:2023-01-31
1854:2015-11-17
1836:net.singles
1828:techniques
1776:C.J. Jones
1726:Kevin Lenzo
1697:2002-03-24
1685:ActiveBuddy
1625:2014-01-23
1606:Turing test
1588:2014-06-07
1498:Dr. Sbaitso
1492:video game
1476:Proprietary
1448:2023-08-11
1445:2014-04-02
1408:2010-03-03
1405:2006-04-17
1351:2016-12-15
1348:2011-03-01
1329:Three-time
1313:2013-10-15
1310:1995-11-23
1249:Technology
1138:2023-11-28
1096:1998-04-02
1041:2011-10-05
988:Proprietary
964:2008-01-01
932:1995-04-30
891:2023-11-02
829:Pandorabots
777:Jabberwacky
748:2023-11-04
730:Proprietary
700:Proprietary
678:2023-03-21
652:2023-03-16
629:Proprietary
602:2023-02-07
567:2017-03-01
520:Proprietary
484:Proprietary
479:GPT-4o mini
454:2022-11-30
413:Proprietary
391:2020-04-27
365:2023-05-09
345:Proprietary
330:Brainasoft
315:components
313:open-source
309:Proprietary
285:2017-04-21
226:2016-05-18
197:2017-07-05
158:2017-10-10
137:Proprietary
101:2014-11-06
80:Technology
4323:Categories
3868:Rule-based
3750:Truecasing
3618:Stop words
3366:2009-07-02
3281:2010-07-26
3099:2016-02-22
3009:2024-02-04
2971:2024-02-05
2931:2024-04-24
2772:2013-12-02
2737:2021-11-16
2713:2021-01-28
2656:2020-06-12
2631:2020-06-12
2606:2020-06-12
2447:2024-01-29
2326:2023-06-06
2270:: 100006.
2234:2201.06657
2200:30 January
2172:References
2021:Chinchilla
1958:at random
1839:newsgroups
1371:Windows 10
1261:Albert One
1237:Developer
1087:SpookiTalk
1037:Apple Inc.
822:, various
760:Apache-2.0
515:Claude 2.1
254:Android TV
174:YandexGPT
71:Developer
4177:reviewing
3975:standards
3973:Types and
3139:2748-5625
3004:"Charlix"
2817:. London.
2677:The Verge
2422:242604709
2383:Raconteur
2040:Microsoft
1936:Macintosh
1916:Mindscape
1772:Jeeney AI
1713:Radiohead
1528:Singapore
1441:Microsoft
1416:Based on
1367:Windows 8
1344:Speaktoit
1339:Assistant
1246:Platform
1240:Released
1161:Ultra Hal
948:Unlicense
845:metaverse
802:Cleverbot
643:Ernie Bot
598:Microsoft
529:Cleverbot
498:Anthropic
422:HarmonyOS
403:HarmonyOS
371:BanterAI
217:Assistant
77:Platform
74:Released
4329:Chatbots
4313:Language
4093:Wikidata
4073:FrameNet
4058:BabelNet
4037:Treebank
4007:PropBank
3952:Word2vec
3917:fastText
3798:Stemming
3519:Chatbots
3489:template
3415:cite web
3337:(1984).
3183:Archived
3157:Archived
2837:Archived
2793:Vice.com
2688:July 25,
2682:Archived
2404:(2021).
2354:Elsevier
2352:(2014).
2194:Archived
2159:See also
2009:2022-09
1973:2001-06
1952:generate
1932:Apple II
1809:Rob Pike
1779:2007-02
1746:factoids
1730:1995-06
1694:2001-06
1622:2012-10
1558:MAD-SLIP
1427:Desktop
1375:ChromeOS
1278:Internet
1252:License
1234:Chatbot
1069:visionOS
1002:ISMaker
856:"Mango"
718:2023-04
714:Sberbank
709:GigaChat
538:2008-10
502:2023-03
436:and the
341:Various
234:ChromeOS
188:AliGenie
133:in 2013
83:License
68:Chatbot
34:and use
24:software
4264:Related
4230:Chatbot
4088:WordNet
4068:DBpedia
3942:Seq2seq
3686:Parsing
3601:Trigram
3491:below (
3445:11 July
2504:NBCNews
2408:: 3–4.
2136:Android
2095:web app
2051:Twitter
2016:Web app
2000:Sparrow
1847:Mycroft
1798:winner
1757:IRC bot
1721:Infobot
1633:Android
1486:Copilot
1468:Xbox OS
1464:Android
1452:Windows
1436:Cortana
1398:Charlix
1355:Android
1333:winner
1202:Tencent
1197:Xiaowei
1172:Windows
1142:Web app
1100:Windows
1065:audioOS
1053:watchOS
1017:Android
1009:Web app
998:SimSimi
980:Android
968:Windows
936:Web app
925:MegaHAL
895:Windows
820:Web app
790:Web app
752:Web app
722:Web app
686:Android
682:Web app
618:Android
610:Windows
606:Web app
593:Copilot
575:Android
542:Web app
506:Web app
466:Android
458:Web app
445:ChatGPT
428:-based
426:Android
395:Android
358:CarynAI
337:Windows
301:Wear OS
297:Windows
289:Android
258:Wear OS
230:Android
170:Android
162:Windows
125:Wear OS
121:Windows
113:Android
105:Fire OS
20:chatbot
4299:Portal
4237:(c.f.
3895:models
3883:Neural
3596:Bigram
3591:n-gram
3508:Curlie
3494:Curlie
3452:place.
3357:
3347:UbuWeb
3189:8 June
3163:8 June
3137:
3071:
3046:
2908:
2420:
2075:Verbot
2065:&
1911:Racter
1821:Usenet
1514:MS-DOS
1255:Notes
1134:Amazon
1049:iPadOS
957:SILVIA
912:Claude
674:Google
669:Gemini
493:Claude
475:GPT-4o
450:OpenAI
387:Huawei
326:Braina
242:iPadOS
222:Google
154:Yandex
131:Amazon
97:Amazon
86:Notes
32:online
4286:spaCy
3931:large
3922:GloVe
3402:ZDNet
3125:(3).
3038:[
2441:ZDNet
2418:S2CID
2229:arXiv
2142:Bixby
2084:1997
2080:Avaya
2067:8chan
2063:4chan
1956:prose
1940:Amiga
1921:1984
1890:1972
1881:PARRY
1861:Linux
1814:1981
1794:2009
1782:2010
1765:#perl
1585:2001
1544:1964
1535:ELIZA
1412:Linux
1270:1995
1184:2007
1177:GPT-3
1057:macOS
1005:2002
972:macOS
908:LLaMA
903:Linux
899:macOS
859:2011
852:Lenny
786:1997
648:Baidu
637:Chat
624:GPT-4
558:Clova
471:GPT-4
382:Celia
293:Tizen
276:Bixby
250:Linux
246:KaiOS
149:Alice
117:Linux
92:Alexa
53:This
22:is a
4051:Data
3902:BERT
3447:2024
3421:link
3355:ISBN
3191:2014
3165:2014
3135:ISSN
3069:ISBN
3044:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2845:2012
2690:2023
2406:SSRN
2202:2017
2144:2.0
1761:FAQs
1742:Perl
1651:Fred
1490:Halo
1320:AIML
1276:The
1061:tvOS
1032:Siri
832:AIML
809:Kuki
739:Grok
635:Bing
430:EMUI
424:and
399:EMUI
46:and
4083:UBY
3506:at
3277:(2)
3127:doi
2410:doi
2358:doi
2272:doi
2239:doi
2132:iOS
2114:Viv
2035:Tay
1980:AIM
1755:An
1737:IRC
1701:AIM
1629:iOS
1613:Evi
1571:MIT
1460:iOS
1359:iOS
1118:in
1045:iOS
1013:iOS
976:iOS
910:2,
882:Leo
744:xAI
690:iOS
614:iOS
571:iOS
510:iOS
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