24:
1086:
630:
in Tokyo. Eyewitnesses reported a foul odor. The attack was a failure, due to the fact that the group used the vaccine strain of the bacterium, and no one was infected.
999:
1090:
573:
868:
836:
416:, a site which had been used for anthrax weapon testing during World War II, by distributing potentially anthrax-laden soil on the mainland.
724:
and intercepted at a processing facility; another was discovered with no address in South
Carolina. A February 2004 ricin incident at the
928:
Invasion by Medfly Defies Logic, Scientists Say
Infestation: Experts discover peculiar patterns in the spread of the stubborn fruit fly
885:
784:
431:
725:
143:
against another nation state regardless of legality or illegality and are carried out by properly uniformed forces or legal
101:
Acts reaching more than the immediate target victims and also directed at targets consisting of a larger spectrum of society
913:
528:
491:
87:
The use of violence or of the threat of violence in the pursuit of political, religious, ideological or social objectives
42:
577:
828:
Strengthening
National Public Health Preparedness and Response to Chemical, Biological and Radiological Agent Threats
720:-laden letters were found on two separate occasions between October and November 2003. One letter was mailed to the
890:
476:
to influence a local election. Health officials say that 751 people were sickened and more than 40 hospitalized.
743:
332:
326:
74:
594:
569:
124:
The following criteria of violence or threat of violence fall outside of the definition of this article:
1118:
993:
927:
773:
419:
409:
787:
645:
95:
683:
524:
510:
907:
695:
669:
651:
627:
600:
497:
473:
449:
388:
148:
132:
1064:
1038:
1013:
981:
932:
864:
832:
347:
201:
190:
118:
38:
826:
971:
963:
777:
759:
366:
279:
253:
225:
548:
413:
382:
297:
283:
91:
369:, the plant toxin of the African milk bush was used to poison livestock by the Mau Mau.
976:
947:
404:
1112:
946:
Takahashi H, Keim P, Kaufmann AF, Keys C, Smith KL, Taniguchi K; et al. (2004).
763:
711:
663:
633:
623:
582:
565:
514:
453:
194:
181:
790:
673:
360:
159:
155:
140:
105:
78:
60:
33:
858:
781:
721:
400:
479:
464:
459:
437:
177:
197:
targets during an attack on or attempting to attack legitimate targets in war
469:
287:
259:
173:
144:
136:
985:
967:
860:
Bioterrorism and
Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900
291:
176:
and strategic infrastructure that form an integral part of the enemy's
520:
320:
273:
83:
The definitions of bioterrorism for the purpose of this article are:
780:
According to reports, the envelope was addressed to the office of
769:
748:
717:
700:
677:
617:
613:
559:
412:, a militant group, demanded the British government decontaminate
170:
163:
857:
185:
1065:"Envelope tests positive for ricin at Washington mail facility"
568:
outfitted three vehicles to disseminate botulinum toxin at the
128:
17:
200:
Targeted murders or poisonings carried out with the use of
672:
were concurrently delivered to news media offices and the
519:
During the summer and fall of 1989, several outbreaks of
825:
Curtis E. Cummings; Elisaveta
Stikova (1 January 2007).
109:(i.e., crime that is made illegal by legislation) and
98:
serving on the behalf of their respective governments)
1014:"U.S. officials declare researcher is anthrax killer"
728:
was initially connected to the 2003 letters as well.
166:
who pose a threat to the lives of humans or property
768:An envelope that preliminarily tested positive for
329:killed 200 German soldiers with biological agents.
193:, including the infliction of incidental damage to
894:. Archived from the original on November 19, 2008
820:
818:
816:
814:
113:(i.e., crime that is inherently immoral or wrong)
936:, December 30, 1989, accessed February 21, 2012.
884:Grossman, Lawrence K. (January–February 2001).
8:
998:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
886:"The Story of a Truly Contaminated Election"
1063:Brooks, Mike; Bash, Dana (April 17, 2013).
676:, alongside an ambiguously related case in
215:
975:
204:, not for political or religious purposes
852:
850:
848:
810:
325:Unconfirmed reports indicated that the
238:
1089:. WTVA. April 27, 2013. Archived from
991:
905:
7:
169:Legitimate targets in war, such as
531:. The outbreaks devastated crops.
14:
1087:"Dutschke arrested in ricin case"
432:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
139:acts of violence committed by a
22:
1039:"Ricin Letters Still A Mystery"
952:incident, Kameido, Tokyo, 1993"
207:Plans that were not carried out
726:Dirksen Senate Office Building
668:Letters laced with infectious
642:September 18–October 12, 2001
162:to kill, apprehend, or punish
1:
776:'s off-site mail facility in
529:Los Angeles metropolitan area
492:1989 California medfly attack
294:and let it flow into Kirrha.
578:Narita International Airport
831:. IOS Press. pp. 55–.
428:August 29–October 10, 1984
147:of such nation states (See
31:It has been suggested that
1135:
891:Columbia Journalism Review
863:. The Minerva Group, Inc.
117:Committed with the use of
72:
48:Proposed since March 2024.
912:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
744:April 2013 ricin letters
680:. The letters killed 5.
75:Definitions of terrorism
796:James Everett Dutschke
772:was intercepted at the
968:10.3201/eid1001.030238
570:National Diet Building
527:, particularly in the
472:at ten restaurants in
383:Operation Dark Harvest
34:Bioterrorism#Incidents
595:Kameido Odor Incident
591:June 28–July 2, 1993
420:Dark Harvest Commando
410:Dark Harvest Commando
646:2001 anthrax attacks
622:The religious group
564:The religious group
523:occurred throughout
488:July–December, 1989
290:to the water of the
96:undercover personnel
41:into this article. (
684:Bruce Edwards Ivins
574:Yokosuka naval base
525:Southern California
511:Southern California
154:Reasonable acts of
950:Bacillus anthracis
696:2003 ricin letters
652:Bacillus anthracis
601:Bacillus anthracis
498:Ceratitis capitata
474:The Dalles, Oregon
389:Bacillus anthracis
182:defense industries
149:biological warfare
90:Acts committed by
933:Los Angeles Times
870:978-1-4101-0023-8
838:978-1-58603-744-4
802:
801:
740:15–17 April 2013
348:Euphorbia grantii
333:Polish resistance
327:Polish resistance
202:biological agents
191:Collateral damage
119:biological agents
55:
54:
50:
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989:
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956:Emerg Infect Dis
943:
937:
926:Johnson, John. "
924:
918:
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911:
903:
901:
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881:
875:
874:
854:
843:
842:
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778:Washington, D.C.
760:Washington, D.C.
367:Mau Mau Uprising
216:
92:non-state actors
46:
26:
25:
18:
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1133:
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1128:
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824:
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732:
549:Botulinum toxin
535:
414:Gruinard Island
298:Solon of Athens
284:Solon of Athens
280:siege of Kirrha
263:
254:Siege of Kirrha
214:
81:
71:
51:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1093:on May 6, 2013
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731:"Fallen Angel"
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534:"The Breeders"
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405:United Kingdom
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379:October, 1981
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158:, such as the
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122:
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107:mala prohibita
102:
99:
88:
70:
67:
53:
52:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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978:
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965:
962:(1): 117–20.
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764:United States
761:
758:
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747:
745:
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739:
738:
735:
733:(Unresolved)
730:
727:
723:
719:
715:
713:
712:United States
710:
707:
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702:
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664:United States
662:
659:
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653:
649:
647:
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641:
640:
637:
635:
634:Aum Shinrikyo
632:
629:
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624:Aum Shinrikyo
621:
619:
615:
611:
608:
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603:
602:
598:
596:
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590:
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586:
584:
583:Aum Shinrikyo
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Aum Shinrikyo
563:
561:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
536:(Unresolved)
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
516:
515:United States
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
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487:
486:
483:
481:
478:
475:
471:
467:
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462:cult spreads
461:
457:
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454:United States
451:
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361:British Kenya
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206:
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199:
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195:non-combatant
192:
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179:
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153:
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146:
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138:
134:
131:(including a
130:
127:
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125:
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114:
112:
108:
103:
100:
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89:
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68:
66:
64:
62:
49:
44:
40:
36:
35:
29:
20:
19:
16:
1119:Bioterrorism
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1045:. 2004-02-06
1042:
1033:
1022:. Retrieved
1020:. 2008-08-06
1017:
1008:
994:cite journal
959:
955:
949:
941:
931:
922:
898:November 18,
896:. Retrieved
889:
879:
859:
827:
791:Roger Wicker
674:U.S Congress
650:
599:
496:
463:
436:
387:
346:
264:(Hellebore)
258:
242:Perpetrator
160:use of force
156:self-defense
141:nation state
133:declared war
123:
110:
106:
82:
79:Bioterrorism
61:bioterrorist
58:
56:
47:
32:
15:
782:Mississippi
722:White House
543:April 1990
401:Porton Down
365:During the
278:During the
250:595–585 BC
245:References
1049:2020-05-18
1024:2020-05-18
805:References
785:Republican
774:US Capitol
480:Rajneeshee
470:salad bars
465:salmonella
460:Rajneeshee
450:The Dalles
438:Salmonella
306:1941-1945
260:Helleborus
178:war effort
174:combatants
145:combatants
111:mala in se
73:See also:
69:Guidelines
57:This is a
1097:April 27,
1071:April 27,
908:cite news
626:released
612:Kameido,
501:(Medfly)
288:hellebore
236:Location
222:Incident
164:criminals
137:peacetime
63:incidents
1113:Category
1043:CBS News
986:15112666
576:and the
521:medflies
397:Unknown
394:Unknown
372:Mau Mau
357:Unknown
354:Unknown
317:Unknown
311:Unknown
292:Pleistos
270:Unknown
267:Unknown
239:Details
233:Injured
180:such as
59:list of
1018:CNN.com
977:3322761
788:Senator
670:anthrax
628:anthrax
129:Wartime
94:(or by
43:Discuss
984:
974:
867:
835:
351:toxin
321:Poland
286:added
274:Cirrha
39:merged
1067:. CNN
770:ricin
749:Ricin
718:ricin
701:Ricin
692:2003
678:Chile
618:Japan
614:Tokyo
560:Japan
341:1952
230:Dead
226:Agent
219:Date
186:ports
171:enemy
135:) or
104:Both
1099:2013
1073:2013
1000:link
982:PMID
914:link
900:2007
865:ISBN
833:ISBN
716:Two
458:The
446:751
314:200
212:List
184:and
77:and
972:PMC
964:doi
930:",
660:17
468:in
37:be
1115::
1041:.
1016:.
996:}}
992:{{
980:.
970:.
960:10
958:.
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910:}}
906:{{
888:.
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1002:)
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966::
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916:)
902:.
873:.
841:.
151:)
45:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.