535:. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
19:
359:. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
139:
in the mid-19th century and flourished, adding to the predation threat, while the rabbits caused erosion of the hillsides. With the eradication of first the cats and the wekas, and then of the rabbits and rodents by 2014, there are signs that the breeding petrel populations are beginning to recover.
1418:
are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most
1269:
feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and
Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
299:
are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
1303:
The family
Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
1140:. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
1094:
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
1371:
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
438:. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
1337:
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
172:, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for French Polynesia.
481:
The family
Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
234:. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
874:
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
168:
1485:
175:
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.
159:
population on
Macquarie Island is threatened by crossbreeding with introduced mallards, a common problem on Australian and New Zealand islands.
1673:
97:
also breed there. In the past the penguins, mainly the royal and king penguins, were exploited for their oil, a practice which ceased in 1919.
166:
treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of
1678:
1529:
The occurrence of hybridisation between the
Pacific Black Duck (Anas superciliosa) and other dabbling ducks (Genus: Anas) in Australia
1646:
1632:
1618:
1604:
1585:
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when feeding away from the island, including the most numerous, the light-mantled sooty albatross with 2000 breeding pairs, and the
596:
The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the
Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on
1658:
1232:. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
1065:
679:
94:
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crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes
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846:
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144:
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Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed
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197:- a species introduced to Macquarie Island as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
194:
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39:
717:
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus
373:
45:
The birds of
Macquarie Island are, unsurprisingly for an isolated oceanic island, predominantly
111:
Many species of petrel breed on
Macquarie. They were adversely affected by the introduction of
1642:
1628:
1614:
1600:
1581:
1576:
Barrett, Geoff; Silcocks, Andrew; Barry, Simon; Cunningham, Ross; & Poulter, Rory (2003).
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Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the
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has a population estimated at 850,000. There are also 100,000 breeding pairs of
66:
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495:
331:
1659:
Tasmanian Parks & Wildlife
Service - Macquarie Island World Heritage Area
343:
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the
131:
breeding population on the island is considered to be critically endangered.
1332:
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431:
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267:
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70:
62:
58:
18:
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217:
1627:. Volume 4: Parrots to Dollarbird. Oxford University Press: Melbourne.
1129:
518:
187:
50:
46:
1641:. Volume 2: Raptors to Lapwings. Oxford University Press: Melbourne.
811:
415:
411:
407:
120:
54:
1597:
The
Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories
1415:
1217:
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597:
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348:
227:
183:- a species that rarely or accidentally occurs on Macquarie Island
17:
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1637:
Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.J.; & Davies, J.N. (Eds). (1994).
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and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.
100:
The four breeding species of albatross are all threatened by
61:. However, the bird list includes many vagrants, including
1212:
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes
1543:"Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World Macquarie Island"
1527:
1639:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds
1625:
Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds
1609:
Garnett, Stephen T.; & Crowley, Gabriel M. (2000).
81:
Four species of penguin breed on Macquarie Island. The
1580:. Melbourne: Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union.
523:
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the
32:
list of the bird species recorded on Macquarie Island
38:
include a total of 74 species, of which 6 have been
1595:Christidis, Leslie; & Boles, Walter E. (1994).
190:- a species that is native only to Macquarie Island
49:. By far the majority of the breeding species are
1486:"This week at Macquarie Island: 21 October 2016"
810:The southern storm-petrels are relatives of the
721:have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
108:, with fewer than ten pairs breeding each year.
42:. Of these, 8 species are globally threatened.
89:, the third largest such colony in the world.
8:
814:and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on
169:The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World
1611:The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000
1562:. Cornell University Press. p. 880.
1477:
155:, disappeared about the same time. The
1513:Ducks and Mallards of Macquarie Island
226:and most duck-like waterfowl, such as
1599:. RAOU Monograph 2. RAOU: Melbourne.
256:Mallard × Pacific black duck hybrid,
7:
1613:. Environment Australia: Canberra.
1532:(phd thesis). Victoria University.
14:
1591:Birding-Aus Mailing List Archives
1578:The New Atlas of Australian Birds
1128:The family Ardeidae contains the
1511:Division, Australian Antarctic.
1560:Birds of the World: A Checklist
544:Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
151:, an endemic subspecies of the
147:became extinct about 1891. The
1398:Finches, euphonias, and allies
1:
1674:Birds of subantarctic islands
1623:Higgins, P.J. (Ed). (1999).
1111:Herons, egrets, and bitterns
326:Rails, gallinules, and coots
95:southern rockhopper penguins
1679:Lists of birds of Australia
1558:Clements, James F. (2000).
1066:South Georgia diving-petrel
680:Southern rockhopper penguin
205:Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
1705:
1033:Procellaria aequinoctialis
847:Black-bellied storm-petrel
506:Gulls, terns, and skimmers
1526:Taysom, Alice Jo (2016).
305:White-throated needletail
145:Macquarie Island parakeet
1466:Lists of birds by region
1195:Hawks, eagles, and kites
837:Gray-backed storm-petrel
759:Thalassarche melanophris
730:Thalassarche chrysostoma
500:Stercorarius antarcticus
491:Stercorarius maccormicki
1279:Cyanoramphus erythrotis
1168:Egretta novaehollandiae
1104:Leucocarbo purpurascens
1048:Short-tailed shearwater
941:Aphrodroma brevirostris
857:Shearwaters and petrels
764:Light-mantled albatross
617:Aptenodytes patagonicus
1070:Pelecanoides urinatrix
1061:Pelecanoides urinatrix
969:Pterodroma inexpectata
912:Thalassoica antarctica
793:Southern storm-petrels
755:Black-browed albatross
735:White-capped albatross
222:Anatidae includes the
27:
1490:www.antarctica.gov.au
902:Fulmarus glacialoides
889:Northern giant-petrel
884:Macronectes giganteus
880:Southern giant-petrel
827:Wilson's storm-petrel
768:Phoebetria palpebrata
726:Gray-headed albatross
665:Eudyptes chrysolophus
651:Erect-crested penguin
645:Pygoscelis antarctica
385:Sandpipers and allies
309:Hirundapus caudacutus
149:Macquarie Island rail
21:
1077:Cormorants and shags
1057:Common diving-petrel
1052:Ardenna tenuirostris
1029:White-chinned petrel
1011:Slender-billed prion
946:Soft-plumaged petrel
749:Thalassarche salvini
457:Gallinago hardwickii
26:on Macquarie Island.
1448:Carduelis carduelis
1354:Thrushes and allies
1024:Procellaria cinerea
1015:Pachyptila belcheri
1006:Pachyptila desolata
960:Pterodroma lessonii
956:White-headed petrel
831:Oceanites oceanicus
783:Wandering albatross
777:Diomedea epomophora
684:Eudyptes chrysocome
135:were introduced by
106:wandering albatross
1444:European goldfinch
1407:
1387:Eurasian blackbird
1363:
1329:
1295:
1275:Macquarie parakeet
1257:
1241:Circus approximans
1230:Old World vultures
1204:
1154:Intermediate egret
1120:
1086:
996:Pachyptila vittata
992:Broad-billed prion
978:Halobaena caerulea
866:
802:
745:Salvin's albatross
739:Thalassarche cauta
709:
674:Eudyptes schlegeli
626:Pygoscelis adeliae
588:
515:
473:
447:Arenaria interpres
394:
335:
288:
258:Anas platyrhynchos
251:Anas platyrhynchos
239:Pacific black duck
214:
157:Pacific black duck
34:. The avifauna of
28:
1684:Birds of Tasmania
1492:. 21 October 2016
1381:Turdus philomelos
1343:European starling
1248:Old World parrots
1164:White-faced heron
1090:Phalacrocoracidae
987:Pachyptila turtur
950:Pterodroma mollis
893:Macronectes halli
863:Procellariiformes
799:Procellariiformes
706:Procellariiformes
693:Eudyptes robustus
655:Eudyptes sclateri
641:Chinstrap penguin
563:Sterna paradisaea
554:Larus dominicanus
464:Skuas and jaegers
243:Anas superciliosa
102:long-line fishing
1696:
1689:Macquarie Island
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1428:Acanthis flammea
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1347:Sturnus vulgaris
1330:
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1205:
1178:Egretta garzetta
1158:Ardea intermedia
1121:
1087:
1039:Sooty shearwater
937:Kerguelen petrel
908:Antarctic petrel
867:
851:Fregetta tropica
803:
787:Diomedea exulans
710:
661:Macaroni penguin
636:Pygoscelis papua
589:
516:
487:South Polar skua
474:
395:
378:Zapornia pusilla
336:
289:
285:Caprimulgiformes
248:Domestic mallard
215:
153:buff-banded rail
127:, and the small
36:Macquarie Island
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1309:Welcome swallow
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1201:Accipitriformes
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1043:Ardenna griseus
1002:Antarctic prion
931:Pagodroma nivea
922:Daption capense
898:Southern fulmar
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841:Garrodia nereis
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773:Royal albatross
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585:Sphenisciformes
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512:Charadriiformes
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1545:. Denis Lepage
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1461:List of birds
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364:Eurasian coot
362:
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333:
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320:
316:
315:Pacific swift
313:
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286:
278:
273:
272:Anas gracilis
269:
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109:
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103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:royal penguin
76:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
25:
24:royal penguin
20:
16:
1638:
1624:
1610:
1596:
1577:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1528:
1521:
1506:
1494:. Retrieved
1489:
1480:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1414:
1411:Fringillidae
1401:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1357:
1346:
1336:
1323:
1312:
1302:
1299:Hirundinidae
1289:
1278:
1264:
1251:
1240:
1211:
1208:Accipitridae
1198:
1187:
1184:Cattle egret
1177:
1174:Little egret
1167:
1157:
1148:
1127:
1114:
1103:
1093:
1080:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
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986:
977:
968:
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949:
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921:
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738:
729:
718:
716:
703:
692:
683:
673:
664:
654:
644:
635:
625:
616:
613:King penguin
595:
592:Spheniscidae
582:
572:
562:
553:
543:
522:
509:
499:
490:
480:
467:
456:
446:
401:
398:Scolopacidae
388:
377:
367:
342:
329:
318:
308:
295:
282:
271:
262:superciliosa
261:
257:
250:
242:
221:
211:Anseriformes
208:
200:
174:
167:
162:This list's
161:
142:
110:
99:
87:king penguin
80:
44:
31:
29:
15:
1419:sing well.
1377:Song thrush
1145:Great egret
1020:Gray petrel
983:Fairy prion
974:Blue petrel
927:Snow petrel
918:Cape petrel
806:Oceanitidae
713:Diomedeidae
700:Albatrosses
559:Arctic tern
540:Silver gull
368:Fulica atra
129:blue petrel
67:New Zealand
59:albatrosses
1668:Categories
1472:References
1267:zygodactyl
1149:Ardea alba
1083:Suliformes
816:planktonic
496:Brown skua
436:phalaropes
432:dowitchers
404:sandpipers
357:gallinules
332:Gruiformes
195:Introduced
181:Accidental
117:house mice
113:black rats
63:passerines
40:introduced
30:This is a
1515:(Report).
1333:Sturnidae
1320:Starlings
550:Kelp gull
424:woodcocks
268:Grey teal
164:taxonomic
71:Australia
1496:18 April
1455:See also
1409:Family:
1367:Turdidae
1365:Family:
1331:Family:
1297:Family:
1286:Swallows
1259:Family:
1226:harriers
1206:Family:
1130:bitterns
1124:Ardeidae
1122:Family:
1088:Family:
868:Family:
804:Family:
719:Diomedea
711:Family:
590:Family:
579:Penguins
533:skimmers
517:Family:
475:Family:
420:tattlers
396:Family:
339:Rallidae
337:Family:
292:Apodidae
290:Family:
218:Anatidae
216:Family:
77:Overview
51:penguins
47:seabirds
1549:17 July
1416:Finches
1402:Order:
1358:Order:
1324:Order:
1290:Order:
1281:extinct
1252:Order:
1199:Order:
1115:Order:
1081:Order:
861:Order:
822:-like.
812:petrels
797:Order:
704:Order:
583:Order:
519:Laridae
510:Order:
468:Order:
412:godwits
408:curlews
389:Order:
330:Order:
283:Order:
209:Order:
188:Endemic
137:sealers
121:rabbits
65:, from
55:petrels
1645:
1631:
1617:
1603:
1584:
1566:
1218:eagles
1138:egrets
1134:herons
531:, and
428:snipes
416:shanks
349:crakes
297:Swifts
279:Swifts
91:Gentoo
1222:kites
1214:hawks
606:squid
598:krill
529:terns
525:gulls
353:coots
345:rails
232:swans
228:geese
224:ducks
133:Wekas
1643:ISBN
1629:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1551:2020
1498:2022
1228:and
1136:and
602:fish
434:and
355:and
230:and
193:(I)
186:(E)
179:(A)
143:The
125:cats
123:and
93:and
69:and
57:and
1450:(I)
1440:(I)
1430:(I)
1393:(I)
1383:(A)
1349:(I)
1315:(A)
1243:(A)
1190:(A)
1180:(A)
1170:(A)
1160:(A)
1106:(E)
1035:(A)
998:(A)
952:(A)
933:(A)
914:(A)
904:(A)
843:(A)
833:(A)
820:bat
779:(A)
751:(A)
741:(A)
695:(A)
676:(E)
657:(A)
647:(A)
628:(A)
565:(A)
546:(A)
459:(A)
449:(A)
380:(A)
370:(A)
321:(A)
311:(A)
274:(A)
264:(I)
253:(I)
1670::
1488:.
1446:,
1436:,
1426:,
1389:,
1379:,
1345:,
1311:,
1277:,
1239:,
1224:,
1220:,
1216:,
1186:,
1176:,
1166:,
1156:,
1147:,
1132:,
1102:,
1068:,
1059:,
1050:,
1041:,
1031:,
1022:,
1013:,
1004:,
994:,
985:,
976:,
967:,
958:,
948:,
939:,
929:,
920:,
910:,
900:,
891:,
882:,
849:,
839:,
829:,
785:,
775:,
766:,
757:,
747:,
737:,
728:,
691:,
682:,
672:,
663:,
653:,
643:,
634:,
624:,
615:,
604:,
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561:,
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542:,
527:,
498:,
489:,
455:,
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430:,
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422:,
418:,
414:,
410:,
406:,
376:,
366:,
351:,
347:,
317:,
307:,
270:,
260:×
241:,
119:,
115:,
73:.
53:,
22:A
1572:.
1553:.
1500:.
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