1562:
catalogue, recording 512 gold glasses considered to be genuine, and developed a typological series consisting of eleven iconographic subjects: biblical subjects; Christ and the saints; various legends; inscriptions; pagan deities; secular subjects; male portraits; female portraits; portraits of couples and families; animals; and Jewish symbols. In a 1926 article devoted to the brushed technique gold glass known as the
Brescia medallion (Pl. 1), Fernand de Mély challenged the deeply ingrained opinion of Garrucci and Vopel that all examples of brushed technique gold glass were in fact forgeries. The following year, de Mély’s hypothesis was supported and further elaborated upon in two articles by different scholars. A case for the Brescia medallion’s authenticity was argued for, not on the basis of its iconographic and orthographic similarity with pieces from Rome (a key reason for Garrucci’s dismissal), but instead for its close similarity to the Fayoum mummy portraits from Egypt. Indeed, this comparison was given further credence by Walter Crum’s assertion that the Greek inscription on the medallion was written in the Alexandrian dialect of Egypt. De Mély noted that the medallion and its inscription had been reported as early as 1725, far too early for the idiosyncrasies of Graeco-Egyptian word endings to have been understood by forgers.
761:
1567:
medallion more firmly established, Joseph Breck was prepared to propose a late 3rd to early 4th century date for all of the brushed technique cobalt blue-backed portrait medallions, some of which also had Greek inscriptions in the
Alexandrian dialect. Although considered genuine by the majority of scholars by this point, the unequivocal authenticity of these glasses was not fully established until 1941 when Gerhart Ladner discovered and published a photograph of one such medallion still in situ, where it remains to this day, impressed into the plaster sealing in an individual loculus in the Catacomb of Panfilo in Rome (Pl. 2). Shortly after in 1942, Morey used the phrase ‘brushed technique’ to categorize this gold glass type, the iconography being produced through a series of small incisions undertaken with a gem cutter’s precision and lending themselves to a chiaroscuro-like effect similar to that of a fine steel engraving simulating brush strokes.
561:
374:
854:
840:
718:
118:
868:
485:
177:
882:
457:
408:
262:
238:
300:
211:
37:. These sometimes bear the names of individuals and were probably commemorative gifts on a special occasion such as a wedding anniversary or winning a contest. Achieving a good likeness was probably not an aim, and certainly not an achievement of this class of object, and they are not included here. The objects here belong to a smaller class of finely painted portrait miniatures, although a few seem also to have been originally placed in cups. Following a table summarizing the basic information, individual portraits are discussed in separate sections.
594:
67:
749:
512:
540:
784:
803:
156:
349:
429:
2071:
760:
1462:
1566:
Comparing the iconography of the
Brescia medallion with other more closely dated objects from Egypt, Hayford Peirce then proposed that brushed technique medallions were produced in the early 3rd century, whilst de Mély himself advocated a more general 3rd-century date. With the authenticity of the
703:
Howells (2015) summarizes the research into the
Brescia medallion demonstrating its connection to contemporaneous Roman-Egyptian art (in particular the Fayum mummy portraits) as well as linguistic arguments supporting the authenticity of the artefact based on 18th century scholarship. Jás Elsner
321:
1561:
Other important contributions to scholarship included the publication of an extensive summary of gold glass scholarship under the entry ‘Fonds de coupes’ in
Fernand Cabrol and Henri Leclercq’s comprehensive Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie in 1923. Leclercq updated Vopel’s
1650:
Caylus 1759, p. 195, quote: "Ce moyen a été retrouvé à Rome, il y a très-peu d'années; j'en ai jugé par quelques morceaux très- bien traités: on s'en est servi pour tromper les
Etrangers; mais celui qui possédoit ce petit secret est mort sans le
717:
1729:
2196:
708:, since the inscription is in the Alexandrian dialect of Greek, and provides possible dates ranging from the early-3rd to mid-5th century AD, before it found its way to Italy where it adorned a 7th-century cross.
1158:
560:
730:
2141:
853:
839:
2151:
1363:
373:
2926:
700:
with her mantle knotted in a similar way. The peculiar hair style of the older woman is unknown in Roman portraiture, but can be found on some 3rd-century plaster mummy masks from Egypt.
2846:
2211:
2191:
2452:
2206:
3026:
2126:
2602:
2166:
681:. The costumes are more consistent with the contemporary fashions in Egypt than in Rome itself. In particular, the mantle worn by the middle figure is not fastened by a
1862:
2131:
2015:
2972:
2952:
2562:
2186:
867:
267:
2577:
2352:
881:
748:
2901:
2632:
2156:
2103:
2821:
2806:
2567:
2277:
1435:
3012:
2967:
2791:
2407:
2247:
1757:
1064:
2707:
2492:
2337:
2272:
2252:
2216:
2181:
2171:
2447:
2367:
2242:
2232:
2146:
456:
2836:
1600:
2906:
2816:
2751:
2497:
2357:
783:
2637:
2916:
2866:
2617:
2517:
2467:
2442:
2397:
2307:
729:
2891:
2761:
2756:
2741:
2682:
2667:
2662:
2592:
2472:
2432:
2342:
2332:
2317:
2292:
2201:
1854:
1587:
2881:
2876:
2841:
2831:
2771:
2597:
2582:
2287:
117:
2387:
2327:
2886:
2801:
2702:
2672:
2652:
2642:
2607:
2512:
2422:
2417:
484:
3019:
2861:
2856:
2826:
2746:
2697:
2647:
2532:
2322:
2257:
210:
2921:
2731:
2712:
2627:
2537:
2507:
2502:
2402:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2282:
2237:
2033:
1962:
1922:
176:
2811:
2437:
3053:
2977:
2962:
2612:
2572:
2482:
2412:
2392:
2096:
517:
2896:
2766:
2726:
2687:
2557:
2542:
2527:
2457:
2377:
2362:
1953:
937:
1838:
3073:
3048:
2911:
2781:
2677:
2587:
2552:
2522:
2477:
2462:
2427:
2262:
2075:
29:
This is a list of surviving ancient Roman gold glass portraits of the finer painted sort. The majority of surviving Roman
2796:
2692:
2657:
2487:
2382:
1971:""Clues to the ancient world": le piccole antichità nel Museo Cartaceo, con una verifica sulla collezione di Flavio Chigi"
2942:
2776:
1845:
Elsner, Jás (2007). "The
Changing Nature of Roman Art and the Art Historical Problem of Style," in Eva R. Hoffman (ed),
1578:
Jás Elsner (2007). "The
Changing Nature of Roman Art and the Art Historical Problem of Style," in Eva R. Hoffman (ed),
638:, suspected the work to be a fake. The earliest mention of the medallion comes from a 17th-century inventory. In 1762,
407:
261:
3068:
3063:
2786:
2717:
2089:
1337:
237:
299:
3058:
2622:
2372:
2161:
2025:
1872:
1705:
1677:
1539:
1134:
1068:
1020:
823:
822:
wrote that contemporary Roman dealers were selling gold-glass reproductions to tourists who thought them original.
639:
216:
123:
2947:
2736:
2547:
2347:
2982:
2851:
186:
593:
66:
2871:
2267:
2136:
1100:
815:
Gold-glass forgeries are known to have been forged all through the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1759, French
627:
and her children, but the current scholarly consensus is strongly against this 18th-century identification.
511:
182:
1785:
1701:
1673:
1016:
646:
539:
1193:
2987:
1819:
1608:
913:
819:
674:
609:
72:
2047:
1906:
1556:
723:
Desiderius cross (enlarge the image to see the medallion in the centre of the lower part of the cross)
1559:" London: the British Museum (Arts and Humanities Research Council). Accessed 2 October 2016, p. 7: "
1463:
Arte tardoromana, medaglione con figura femminile del II sec e con figura maschile del II-III sec.JPG
601:
The portrait medallion is a part of the ornamentation of the so-called
Desiderius Cross, 9th-century
1833:
3004:
635:
320:
2176:
1936:
1788:(1927). "The Ficoroni Medallion and Some Other Gilded Glasses in the Metropolitan Museum of Art".
1807:
602:
1130:
2029:
1958:
1918:
1880:
1850:
1583:
908:
631:
490:
1970:
1909:" London: the British Museum (Arts and Humanities Research Council). Accessed 2 October 2016.
2043:
1898:
1799:
1790:
775:
767:
697:
693:
17:
1234:
682:
673:, then, means "potter". Stylistically, the painting is closely related to the 3rd-century
383:
88:
1993:
1282:
2957:
2011:
1761:
1733:
1162:
827:
624:
243:
84:
3042:
2021:
1868:
664:
127:
428:
2017:
Age of
Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century
1886:
Vetri ornati di figure in oro: trovati nei cimiteri dei cristiani primitivi di Roma
1543:
678:
605:
802:
155:
1929:
1891:
1884:
1828:
1096:
816:
379:
348:
903:
705:
650:
30:
1630:
704:(2007) also contends that the Brescia medallion likely depicts a family from
826:
has what are thought to be two 18th-century fake group portraits, while the
34:
1341:
968:
2070:
689:
1907:
A Catalogue of the Late Antique Gold Glass in the British Museum (PDF).
1811:
1557:
A Catalogue of the Late Antique Gold Glass in the British Museum (PDF).
613:
271:
76:
33:
pieces are the cut-off bottoms of drinking glasses made with unpainted
2081:
1238:
1197:
771:
355:
220:
1803:
801:
686:
617:
592:
521:
275:
80:
1937:"Il corredo epigrafico dei vetri dorati: novità e considerazioni"
1824:
Recueil d'antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques et romaines
660:
494:
2085:
1702:"Medallion with Double Portrait (accession number: 17.190.107)"
1674:"Medallion with Family Portrait (accession number: 17.190.108)"
685:, but instead knotted; one parallel for this is a 3rd-century
1849:, 11–18. Oxford, Malden & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing.
1582:, 11-18. Oxford, Malden & Carlton: Blackwell Publishing.
737:
668:
654:
139:
101:
1861:
Helen C. Evans; Melanie Holcomb; Robert Hallman (2001).
653:
origin of the medallion. Both words of the inscription (
1525:
1523:
1521:
1283:"Emilia Romagna - BOLOGNA: MUSEO CIVICO ARCHEOLOGICO"
789:
The right figure, with a hair style peculiar to Egypt
3027:
Still life paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
623:
The medallion is often referred to as a portrait of
2996:
2935:
2225:
2117:
1847:
Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Medieval World
1580:
Late Antique and Medieval Art of the Medieval World
1228:
1226:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
44:
1730:"forgery / medallion (museum number: 1847,0824.2)"
1839:I vetri dorati romani nel Museo Civico di Bologna
1306:
1304:
1302:
1216:
1214:
91:and Honoria. See section below for full account.
1458:
1456:
1338:"Christian gold-glasses from the Vatican museum"
1758:"forgery / medallion (museum number: OA.10900)"
1475:
1473:
1471:
969:"The Brescia Medallion - Who, When, and Where?"
754:The middle figure, mantle knotted on her breast
401:(perhaps, "Gregory, drink and drink to thine")
1430:
1428:
1426:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1065:"Gold Glass Medallion with a Mother and Child"
932:
930:
928:
2097:
1899:Late Antique Gold Glass in the British Museum
1696:
1694:
1668:
1666:
1436:"ritrato femminile (Marcia Otacilia Severa?)"
1416:
1414:
1268:
1266:
1264:
770:wearing a mantle knotted on her breast. From
8:
1915:Luxus: The Sumptuous Arts of Greece and Rome
1752:
1750:
1724:
1722:
1954:The Vatican Collections: The Papacy and Art
576:
472:
444:
395:
336:
287:
198:
3013:100 great paintings from Duccio to Picasso
2104:
2090:
2082:
1294:Sezione romana: vetri dorati (IV sec.d.C.)
1159:"disc / bowl (Museum number: 1890,0901.1)"
1059:
1057:
1055:
1011:
1009:
1007:
161:Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
83:Traditionally, but wrongly, identified as
2152:Galleria Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
2187:National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
1017:"Medallion with a Portrait of Gennadios"
962:
960:
958:
1826:. Vol. III. Desant & Saillant.
1465:shows the two Turin medallions together
1395:
1393:
924:
835:
713:
1326:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1982, p. 98
1131:"Medallion (museum number: 1052-1868)"
630:Some 19th-century scholars, including
530:4.5 cm (1.8 in) in diameter
440:4.8 cm (1.9 in) in diameter
391:4.9 cm (1.9 in) in diameter
364:4.4 cm (1.7 in) in diameter
332:3.5 cm (1.4 in) in diameter
311:4.5 cm (1.8 in) in diameter
283:5.1 cm (2.0 in) in diameter
252:5.1 cm (2.0 in) in diameter
228:4.4 cm (1.7 in) in diameter
194:4.9 cm (1.9 in) in diameter
167:4.8 cm (1.9 in) in diameter
149:, "Gennadios, most skilled in music")
135:4.1 cm (1.6 in) in diameter
1153:
1151:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
569:17th-century copy of a lost original
326:Archeological Museum, Bologna, Italy
305:Archeological Museum, Bologna, Italy
7:
1399:Lega 2012, p. 276 + p. 277 fig. 7a,b
642:recalled that he saw it circa 1725.
97:6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter
1951:Metropolitan Museum of Art (1982).
3020:120 Paintings from the Rijksmuseum
1601:"The immortal Alexander the Great"
1497:Garrucci 1795, pl. XLI p. 1, p. 84
1364:"Vetro dorato con ritratto virile"
1310:Lapatin 2015, p. 89 pl. 59, p. 237
766:Coptic tapestry medallion showing
25:
2927:Erotic works by Thomas Rowlandson
1941:Sylloge Epigraphica Barcinonensis
938:"Masterpieces. Desiderius' Cross"
2197:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
2069:
1905:Howells, Daniel Thomas (2015). "
880:
866:
852:
838:
782:
759:
747:
728:
716:
559:
538:
510:
483:
455:
427:
406:
372:
347:
342:(probably, the name of the boy)
319:
298:
260:
236:
209:
175:
154:
116:
65:
2973:On United States postage stamps
2048:"Glass, Gold, and Gold-Glasses"
1896:Howells, Daniel Thomas (2010).
1555:Daniel Thomas Howells (2015). "
1506:Garrucci 1858, p. 83; pl. XL, 7
1233:Egisto Sani (3 November 2013).
1192:Egisto Sani (3 November 2013).
2182:Museum of Modern Art, New York
1995:Die altchristlichen Goldgläser
474:GREGORI SIMPLICI CONRECESCATES
388:first half of the 3rd century
286:Latin transcription of Greek:
1:
2603:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1590:, p. 17, Figure 1.3 on p. 18.
645:Several details indicate the
434:Museo Sacro, Vatican Library
2217:Web Gallery of Art, Internet
2157:Hampton Court Palace, London
582:("Drink and you will live")
293:("Drink and you will live")
18:List of gold-glass portraits
2953:National Treasures of Japan
830:has two 19th-century ones.
545:Museo Civico, Turin, Italy
308:1st quarter of 4th century
280:1st quarter of 4th century
3090:
2563:Bartholomeus van der Helst
2202:Palatine Gallery, Florence
2167:Indianapolis Museum of Art
2162:Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent
2147:Frick Collection, New York
2142:Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem
2127:Accademia Carrara, Bergamo
2026:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1873:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1706:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1678:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1540:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1420:Whitehouse 1996, pp. 10–11
1387:Lapatin 2015, p. 87 pl. 57
1135:Victoria and Albert Museum
1069:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1021:Metropolitan Museum of Art
861:Metropolitan Museum of Art
847:Metropolitan Museum of Art
824:Metropolitan Museum of Art
738:
669:
663:, possibly indicating the
655:
640:Francesco Antonio Zaccaria
217:Victoria and Albert Museum
140:
124:Metropolitan Museum of Art
102:
2248:Sophie Gengembre Anderson
1097:"Medallion with Portrait"
147:Gennadi chrōmati pammousi
2978:Pre-Raphaelite paintings
2968:On Soviet postage stamps
2578:Hans Holbein the Younger
2353:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
2192:National Gallery, London
2132:Art Institute of Chicago
1913:Kenneth Lapatin (2015).
1892:Internet Archive preview
1272:Ducati 1929, pp. 233–235
1220:Ducati 1929, pp. 236–240
942:Fondazione Brescia Musei
397:GRECO RIBIBETPROPINATUIS
204:("Anatolius, rejoice!")
141:ΓΕΝΝΑΔΙ ΧΡΩΜΑΤΙ ΠΑΜΜΟΥΣΙ
3054:Ancient Roman glassware
2902:John William Waterhouse
2233:Pieter Coecke van Aelst
2137:El Greco Museum, Toledo
1889:. Tipografia Salviucci.
1660:Breck 1927, pp. 353–354
1479:Howells 2010, pp. 97–98
1101:Corning Museum of Glass
608:currently preserved in
499:4th century or earlier
183:Corning Museum of Glass
2822:Charles Marion Russell
2807:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
2752:Robert Antoine Pinchon
2568:Catharina van Hemessen
2498:Caspar David Friedrich
2207:Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
1992:Hermann Vopel (1899).
1917:. Getty Publications.
1040:Weitzmann 1979, p. 287
807:
774:, 3rd or 4th century.
696:, showing the goddess
692:medallion, now in the
598:
577:
473:
445:
396:
354:Archeological Museum,
337:
288:
199:
3074:Gold ground paintings
3049:Lists of works of art
2917:Rogier van der Weyden
2792:Pierre-Auguste Renoir
2518:Artemisia Gentileschi
2493:Jean-Honoré Fragonard
2443:Edward Thomas Daniell
2408:Frederic Edwin Church
2398:William Merritt Chase
1969:Elena Vaiani (2014).
1935:Claudia Lega (2012).
1864:The Arts of Byzantium
1820:Anne Claude de Caylus
1538:One example from the
914:Fayum mummy portraits
820:Anne Claude de Caylus
805:
610:Museo di Santa Giulia
596:
111:, meaning uncertain)
73:Museo di Santa Giulia
2943:Gold-glass portraits
2762:Giambattista Pittoni
2708:John Everett Millais
2633:Peder Severin Krøyer
2593:Edward Robert Hughes
2338:Valentin de Boulogne
2293:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
2273:Jean-Michel Basquiat
2253:Sofonisba Anguissola
2172:Louvre Museum, Paris
2078:at Wikimedia Commons
2076:Gold-glass portraits
1930:google books preview
1829:google books preview
1631:"Воображаемый музей"
338:M. COCCEIUS ONESIMUS
268:Archeological Museum
3005:100 Great Paintings
2988:Stone Age paintings
2842:De Es Schwertberger
2832:John Singer Sargent
2448:Jacques-Louis David
2368:Gustave Caillebotte
2288:Frank Weston Benson
1611:on 22 December 2015
1605:Hermitage Amsterdam
1515:Vopel 1899, no. 507
1488:Vaiani 2014, p. 244
1258:Ducati 1929, p. 236
1194:"Golden Glass - II"
735:Greek inscription,
465:3rd or 4th century
446:EUSEBI ANIMA DULCIS
225:3rd or 4th century
94:3rd or 4th century
3069:Miniature painting
3064:Glass works of art
2907:Michaelina Wautier
2817:Jacob van Ruisdael
2513:Orazio Gentileschi
2433:John Steuart Curry
2358:Edward Burne-Jones
2243:Albrecht Altdorfer
2112:Lists of paintings
1978:Studi di Memofonte
1529:Breck 1927, p. 354
1001:Breck 1927, p. 353
808:
806:Ficoroni medallion
798:Ficoroni medallion
667:dialect of Egypt;
599:
164:early 4th century
3059:Ancient Roman art
3036:
3035:
3008:(1980 BBC series)
2948:Haunted paintings
2867:August Strindberg
2837:Thérèse Schwartze
2648:Leonardo da Vinci
2618:Wassily Kandinsky
2533:Hugo van der Goes
2323:Sandro Botticelli
2212:Ukrainian Museums
2074:Media related to
1881:Raffaele Garrucci
1855:978-1-4051-2071-5
1588:978-1-4051-2071-5
1408:Lega 2012, p. 263
909:Roman portraiture
632:Raffaele Garrucci
597:Brescia medallion
589:Brescia medallion
586:
585:
187:Corning, New York
16:(Redirected from
3081:
2983:Stolen paintings
2922:Eugenio Zampighi
2892:Johannes Vermeer
2757:Camille Pissarro
2742:Mikhail Nesterov
2737:Elizabeth Murray
2683:Victor Meirelles
2638:Philip de László
2538:Vincent van Gogh
2503:Fujishima Takeji
2473:Anthony van Dyck
2403:Gaetano Chierici
2343:Ford Madox Brown
2328:François Boucher
2318:Hieronymus Bosch
2313:Giovanni Boldini
2303:Joseph Blackburn
2298:Albert Bierstadt
2283:Giovanni Bellini
2278:Frédéric Bazille
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2073:
2059:
2044:David Whitehouse
2039:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1948:
1928:
1890:
1876:
1827:
1815:
1791:The Art Bulletin
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1754:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1670:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1607:. Archived from
1597:
1591:
1576:
1570:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1432:
1421:
1418:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1344:on 27 April 2016
1340:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1324:
1311:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1221:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1127:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1061:
1050:
1049:Evans 2001, p. 9
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1013:
1002:
999:
980:
979:
977:
975:
964:
953:
952:
950:
948:
934:
884:
870:
856:
842:
786:
776:Hermitage Museum
763:
751:
742:
741:
740:
732:
720:
694:Hermitage Museum
672:
671:
658:
657:
580:
566:Vatican Museums
563:
542:
527:mid-3rd century
514:
493:of San Panfilo,
487:
476:
462:Vatican Museums
459:
448:
431:
413:Vatican Library
410:
399:
376:
351:
340:
323:
302:
291:
264:
240:
213:
202:
179:
158:
143:
142:
120:
105:
104:
69:
45:
21:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
2992:
2931:
2887:Diego Velázquez
2882:Suzanne Valadon
2877:J. M. W. Turner
2772:Nicolas Poussin
2583:Pieter de Hooch
2573:William Hogarth
2221:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2066:
2042:
2036:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1998:. J. C. B. Mohr
1991:
1982:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1934:
1925:
1912:
1879:
1860:
1818:
1804:10.2307/3046553
1784:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1577:
1573:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1469:
1461:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1368:ilsole24ore.com
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:Andrew Simsky.
1335:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1000:
983:
973:
971:
967:Burns, Jasper.
966:
965:
956:
946:
944:
936:
935:
926:
922:
900:
895:
894:
893:
890:
888:
885:
876:
874:
871:
862:
860:
857:
848:
846:
843:
813:
800:
795:
794:
793:
790:
787:
778:
764:
755:
752:
743:
739:ΒΟΥΝΝΕΡΙ ΚΕΡΑΜΙ
736:
733:
724:
721:
675:mummy portraits
656:ΒΟΥΝΝΕΡΙ ΚΕΡΑΜΙ
591:
581:
554:no inscription
533:no inscription
505:no inscription
477:
449:
422:no inscription
400:
384:Vatican Library
367:no inscription
341:
314:no inscription
292:
255:no inscription
231:no inscription
203:
200:ANATOLI GAVDIAS
170:no inscription
144:
109:bounneri kerami
106:
103:ΒΟΥΝΝΕΡΙ ΚΕΡΑΜΙ
89:Valentinian III
43:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3087:
3085:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2963:Most expensive
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:George Vincent
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2847:Georges Seurat
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:Suze Robertson
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Alphonse Mucha
2724:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2705:
2703:Pierre Mignard
2700:
2698:John Middleton
2695:
2690:
2688:Jean Metzinger
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2653:Judith Leyster
2650:
2645:
2643:Georges Lebacq
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Johan Jongkind
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Francisco Goya
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Albert Gleizes
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Albrecht Dürer
2465:
2460:
2458:Marcel Duchamp
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:Adriaen Coorte
2420:
2418:John Constable
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:Guido Cagnacci
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2308:Arnold Böcklin
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2065:
2064:External links
2062:
2061:
2060:
2040:
2034:
2014:, ed. (1979).
2012:Kurt Weitzmann
2008:
1989:
1966:
1949:
1932:
1923:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1877:
1858:
1843:
1834:Pericle Ducati
1831:
1816:
1798:(4): 352–356.
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1762:British Museum
1746:
1734:British Museum
1718:
1690:
1662:
1653:
1643:
1622:
1592:
1571:
1548:
1531:
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1467:
1452:
1440:Palazzo Madama
1422:
1410:
1401:
1389:
1380:
1355:
1328:
1312:
1298:
1274:
1260:
1251:
1235:"Golden Glass"
1222:
1210:
1175:
1163:British Museum
1147:
1113:
1081:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1003:
981:
954:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
911:
906:
899:
896:
892:
891:
889:British Museum
886:
879:
877:
875:British Museum
872:
865:
863:
858:
851:
849:
844:
837:
834:
833:
832:
828:British Museum
812:
809:
799:
796:
792:
791:
788:
781:
779:
765:
758:
756:
753:
746:
744:
734:
727:
725:
722:
715:
712:
711:
710:
625:Galla Placidia
590:
587:
584:
583:
573:
570:
567:
564:
556:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
515:
507:
506:
503:
500:
497:
488:
480:
479:
469:
466:
463:
460:
452:
451:
441:
438:
435:
432:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
403:
402:
392:
389:
386:
377:
369:
368:
365:
362:
359:
352:
344:
343:
333:
330:
327:
324:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
295:
294:
284:
281:
278:
265:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:British Museum
241:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
214:
206:
205:
195:
192:
189:
180:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
151:
150:
136:
133:
130:
121:
113:
112:
98:
95:
92:
85:Galla Placidia
70:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
42:
39:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3086:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:May paintings
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:J. Alden Weir
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Matthias Stom
2860:
2858:
2857:Alfred Sisley
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:Rachel Ruysch
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:François Rude
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Clara Peeters
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:Henri Matisse
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:Édouard Manet
2666:
2664:
2663:René Magritte
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Edward Hopper
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Luca Giordano
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Thomas Eakins
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Carolus-Duran
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Salvador Dalí
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Terence Cuneo
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
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2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Eugène Boudin
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
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2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:Giacomo Balla
2261:
2259:
2258:Francis Bacon
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Ivan Albright
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Musée d'Orsay
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
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2124:
2122:
2116:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2035:9780870991790
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:0-87099-321-6
1960:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:9781606064221
1920:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1902:, PhD Thesis.
1901:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1869:New York City
1866:
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1211:
1199:
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1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1102:
1098:
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1082:
1070:
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1060:
1058:
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1052:
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1037:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
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992:
990:
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986:
982:
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963:
961:
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943:
939:
933:
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925:
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912:
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897:
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869:
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836:
831:
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769:
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745:
731:
726:
719:
714:
709:
707:
701:
699:
695:
691:
688:
684:
680:
677:found in the
676:
666:
665:Ancient Greek
662:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
636:Hermann Vopel
633:
628:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:
595:
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2797:Diego Rivera
2732:Edvard Munch
2719:Water Lilies
2718:
2713:Claude Monet
2693:Michelangelo
2658:August Macke
2628:Gustav Klimt
2598:John Ingleby
2508:Paul Gauguin
2488:Jan van Eyck
2393:Marc Chagall
2388:Paul Cézanne
2383:Mary Cassatt
2055:
2051:
2016:
2000:. Retrieved
1994:
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1786:Joseph Breck
1765:. Retrieved
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1709:. Retrieved
1681:. Retrieved
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1609:the original
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1104:. Retrieved
1072:. Retrieved
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1024:. Retrieved
972:. Retrieved
945:. Retrieved
941:
887:19th century
873:19th century
859:18th century
845:18th century
814:
702:
679:Faiyum Oasis
644:
629:
622:
606:crux gemmata
603:processional
600:
578:CE PIE ZESES
548:3rd century
518:Museo Civico
437:3rd century
329:4th century
191:3rd century
146:
108:
60:Inscription
28:
26:
2613:Frida Kahlo
2483:James Ensor
2453:Edgar Degas
2413:Thomas Cole
2118:By gallery/
2002:10 December
1636:10 December
1615:10 December
817:antiquarian
651:Alexandrian
380:Museo Sacro
3043:Categories
2787:Guido Reni
2767:Frans Post
2558:Frans Hals
2378:Caravaggio
2120:collection
2058:(2): 4–12.
2052:Expedition
1983:8 December
1947:: 263–286.
1779:References
1767:8 December
1739:8 December
1711:8 December
1683:8 December
1445:7 December
1373:5 December
1348:4 December
1288:8 December
1244:7 December
1203:7 December
1168:4 December
1140:5 December
1106:4 December
1074:4 December
1026:4 December
974:4 December
947:4 December
904:Gold glass
706:Alexandria
649:, perhaps
31:gold glass
2782:Rembrandt
2623:Paul Klee
2553:Hans Gude
2373:Canaletto
2226:By artist
659:) end in
289:PIE ZESES
246:, London
51:Location
48:Portrait
35:gold leaf
2673:Masaccio
2548:El Greco
2348:Bronzino
2046:(1996).
2022:New York
1883:(1858).
1836:(1929).
1822:(1795).
1651:publier"
898:See also
690:tapestry
647:Egyptian
575:Latin:
524:, Italy
491:Catacomb
361:200–250
358:, Italy
132:250–300
2997:Related
2936:By type
2852:Sharaku
2777:Raphael
1812:3046553
614:Brescia
471:Latin:
443:Latin:
394:Latin:
335:Latin:
272:Bologna
197:Latin:
138:Greek:
100:Greek:
77:Brescia
2872:Titian
2268:Banksy
2032:
1961:
1921:
1853:
1810:
1586:
1239:flickr
1198:flickr
772:Akhmim
687:Coptic
683:fibula
670:ΚΕΡΑΜΙ
356:Arezzo
221:London
41:Corpus
1974:(PDF)
1808:JSTOR
920:Notes
811:Fakes
618:Italy
522:Turin
276:Italy
87:with
81:Italy
57:Size
54:Date
2030:ISBN
2004:2015
1985:2015
1959:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1769:2015
1741:2015
1713:2015
1685:2015
1638:2015
1617:2015
1584:ISBN
1544:link
1447:2015
1375:2015
1350:2015
1290:2015
1246:2015
1205:2015
1170:2015
1142:2015
1108:2015
1076:2015
1028:2015
976:2015
949:2015
768:Gaea
698:Gaea
661:iota
634:and
495:Rome
478:(?)
450:(?)
1800:doi
1564:" "
3045::
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1976:.
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1945:10
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2105:e
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978:.
951:.
145:(
107:(
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