482:
however, not evident (see Figure). The smallest interstellar dust particles are filtered out of the solar system by electromagnetic forces, while the largest ones are too sparse to obtain good statistics from in situ spacecraft detectors. Discrimination between interstellar and interplanetary populations can be a challenge for intermediate (0.1â1 micrometer) sizes. These can vary widely in velocity and directionality. The identification of interstellar meteoroids, observed in the Earth's atmosphere as meteors, is highly challenging and requires high accuracy measurements and appropriate error examinations. Otherwise, measurement errors can transfer near-parabolic orbits over the parabolic limit and create an artificial population of hyperbolic particles, often interpreted as of interstellar origin. Large interstellar visitors like asteroids and comets were detected the first time in the solar system in 2017 (1I/'Oumuamua) and 2019 (2I/Borisov) and are expected to be detected more frequently with new telescopes, e.g. the Vera Rubin
Observatory. Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb have predicted that the
473:
38:
4146:
513:
393:
6721:
4140:
529:
was initially named C/2017 U1 because it was assumed to be a comet, and was renamed to A/2017 U1 after no cometary activity was found on
October 25. After its interstellar nature was confirmed, it was renamed to 1I/Ê»Oumuamua â "1" because it is the first such object to be discovered, "I" for interstellar, and "'Oumuamua" is a Hawaiian word meaning "a messenger from afar arriving first".
730:(aka Interstellar meteor 2; IM2), a meteor with a mass of roughly 6.3 tons, burned up in the Earth's atmosphere on March 9, 2017. Similar to IM1, it has a high mechanical strength. In September 2022, astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb reported the discovery of a candidate interstellar meteor, CNEOS 2017-03-09, that impacted Earth in 2017 and is considered, based in part on the high
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614:
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de LeĂłn, J.; Licandro, J.; de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R.; Lara, L. M.; Moreno, F.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Serra-Ricart, M.; De PrĂĄ, M.; Tozzi, G. P.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Popescu, M.; Scarpa, R.; Font Serra, J.; Geier, S.; Lorenzi, V.; Harutyunyan, A.; Cabrera-Lavers, A. (30 April
368:
formation predict that more comets are ejected into interstellar space than are retained in the Oort cloud, with estimates varying from 3 to 100 times as many. Other simulations suggest that 90â99% of comets are ejected. There is no reason to believe comets formed in other star systems would not be
528:
telescope, at an apparent magnitude of 20. The observations showed that it follows a strongly hyperbolic trajectory around the Sun at a speed greater than the solar escape velocity, in turn meaning that it is not gravitationally bound to the Solar System and likely to be an interstellar object. It
481:
Interstellar visitors in the Solar System cover the whole range of sizes â from kilometer large objects down to submicron particles. Also, interstellar dust and meteoroids carry with them valuable information from their parent systems. Detection of these objects along the continuum of sizes is,
476:
Interstellar visitors in the Solar System cover the whole range of sizes â from kilometer large objects down to submicron particles. Also, interstellar dust and meteoroids carry with them valuable information from their parent systems. Detection of these objects along the continuum of sizes is,
377:
demonstrated that the Oort Cloud could have been formed from ejected planetesimals from other stars in the Sun's birth cluster. Both researchers proposed a search for ʻOumuamua-like objects which are trapped in the Solar System as a result of losing orbital energy through a close encounter with
1320:
The âOumuamua ISSI Team; Bannister, Michele T.; Bhandare, Asmita; DybczyĆski, Piotr A.; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, AurĂ©lie; Jedicke, Robert; Knight, Matthew M.; Meech, Karen J.; McNeill, Andrew; Pfalzner, Susanne; Raymond, Sean N.; Snodgrass, Colin; Trilling, David E.; Ye, Quanzhi
1377:
1186:"Spy Satellites Confirmed Our Discovery of the First Meteor from beyond the Solar System - A high-speed fireball that struck Earth in 2014 looked to be interstellar in origin, but verifying this extraordinary claim required extraordinary cooperation from secretive defense programs"
385:, initially gravitationally bound to the Sun, passed near Jupiter and was accelerated sufficiently to reach escape velocity from the Solar System. This changed its orbit from elliptical to hyperbolic and made it the most eccentric known object at the time, with an
713:
on the incoming velocity. The validity of any single data point (especially for smaller meteoroids) remains questionable. In
November 2022, a paper was published, claiming the anomalous properties (including its high strength and strongly hyperbolic trajectory) of
3824:
Hein, Andreas M.; Perakis, Nikolaos; Eubanks, T. Marshall; Hibberd, Adam; Crowl, Adam; Hayward, Kieran; Kennedy, Robert G. III; Osborne, Richard (7 January 2019). "Project Lyra: Sending a spacecraft to 1I/'Oumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the interstellar asteroid".
2001:
Mumma, M. J.; Disanti, M. A.; Russo, N. D.; Fomenkova, M.; Magee-Sauer, K.; Kaminski, C. D.; Xie, D. X. (1996). "Detection of
Abundant Ethane and Methane, Along with Carbon Monoxide and Water, in Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake: Evidence for Interstellar Origin".
1217:"Military Memo Deepens Possible Interstellar Meteor Mystery â The U.S. Space Command seemed to confirm a claim that a meteor from outside the solar system had entered Earth's atmosphere, but other scientists and NASA are still not convinced. (+ Comment)"
604:
comets. The IAU Working Group for Small Body
Nomenclature kept the name Borisov, giving the comet the interstellar designation of 2I/Borisov. On 12 March 2020, astronomers reported observational evidence of "ongoing nucleus fragmentation" from Borisov.
683:
suggested this meteor had been of interstellar origin. It had a heliocentric speed of 60 km/s (37 mi/s) and an asymptotic speed of 42.1 ± 5.5 km/s (26.2 ± 3.4 mi/s), and it exploded at 17:05:34 UTC near
3784:"We Need to Intercept Our Next Interstellar Visitor to See If It's Artificial, Astronomers Say in New Study - A new study games out a mission to intercept an interstellar object in space and get a close-up look to see just what its made of"
1036:"I had the pleasure of signing a memo with @ussfspoc's Chief Scientist, Dr. Mozer, to confirm that a previously-detected interstellar object was indeed an interstellar object, a confirmation that assisted the broader astronomical community"
7834:
7829:
3532:"Scientist's Deep Dive for Alien Life Leaves His Peers Dubious - Avi Loeb, a Harvard astrophysicist, says that material recovered from the seafloor could be from an extraterrestrial spacecraft. His peers are skeptical. + comment"
635:
In
November 2018, Harvard astronomers Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb reported that there should be hundreds of 'Oumuamua-size interstellar objects in the Solar System, based on calculated orbital characteristics, and presented several
7824:
7819:
1067:"Secret Government Info Confirms First Known Interstellar Object on Earth, Scientists Say â A small meteor that hit Earth in 2014 was from another star system, and may have left interstellar debris on the seafloor"
718:
are better described as measurement error rather than genuine parameters. Successful retrieval of any meteoroid fragments is highly unlikely. Common micrometeorites would be indistinguishable from one another.
152:
The interstellar objects were once bound to a host star and have become unbound since. Different processes can cause planets and smaller objects (planetesimals) to become unbound from their host star.
814:
to intercept and flyby for study. In case that no suitable comet is identified during its 3-year wait, the spacecraft could be tasked to intercept an interstellar object in short notice, if reachable.
3931:
Hein, A.M.; Perakis, N.; Long, K.F.; Crowl, A.; Eubanks, M.; Kennedy, R.G. III; Osborne, R. (2017). "Project Lyra: Sending a
Spacecraft to 1I/ʻOumuamua (former A/2017 U1), the Interstellar Asteroid".
381:
It is possible for objects orbiting a star to be ejected due to interaction with a third massive body, thereby becoming interstellar objects. Such a process was initiated in the early 1980s when
2697:
de LeĂłn, Julia; Licandro, Javier; Serra-Ricart, Miquel; Cabrera-Lavers, Antonio; Font Serra, Joan; Scarpa, Riccardo; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (19 September 2019).
7814:
654:. These are all orbiting the Sun, but may have been captured in the distant past. Both researchers have proposed methods for increasing the discovery rate of interstellar objects that include
457:
may be a former interstellar object, captured some 4.5 billion years ago, as evidenced by its co-orbital motion with
Jupiter and its retrograde orbit around the Sun. In addition, comet
7976:
1781:
757:. Several options for sending a spacecraft to ʻOumuamua within a time-frame of 5 to 25 years were suggested. One option is using first a Jupiter flyby followed by a close solar flyby at 3
7841:
149:
in 2022 based on the object's velocity relative to the Sun. In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.
3483:
Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham; Gallaudet, Tim (5 August 2022). "An Ocean
Expedition by the Galileo Project to Retrieve Fragments of the First Large Interstellar Meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08".
3455:
5512:
679:(also known as Interstellar meteor 1; IM1), a meteor with a mass of 0.46 tons and width of 0.45 m (1.5 ft), burned up in the Earth's atmosphere on January 8, 2014. A 2019
3783:
3541:
325:'s escape velocity had been observed was used to place upper limits to their density in interstellar space. A paper by Torbett indicated that the density was no more than 10 (10
7868:
1098:""It Opens A New Frontier Where You're Using The Earth As A Fishing Net For These Objects." â Harvard Astronomer Believes An Interstellar Meteor (or Craft) Hit Earth In 2014"
835:
785:. Different mission durations and their velocity requirements were explored with respect to the launch date, assuming direct impulsive transfer to the intercept trajectory.
700:
completed an expedition to retrieve small fragments of the apparently peculiar meteor. Claims about their findings have been doubted by their peers according to a report in
2676:
3399:"An interstellar object exploded over Earth in 2014, declassified government data reveal â Classified data prevented scientists from verifying their discovery for 3 years"
469:âcan be exchanged across vast distances. The detection of Ê»Oumuamua crossing the inner Solar System confirms the possibility of a material link with exoplanetary systems.
205:
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With the first discovery of an interstellar object in the Solar System, the IAU has proposed a new series of small-body designations for interstellar objects, the
7576:
1066:
4783:
3429:
7547:
7130:
6406:
4466:
3593:; et al. (29 August 2023). "Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide".
169:
will assign the numbers. Provisional designations for interstellar objects will be handled using the C/ or A/ prefix (comet or asteroid), as appropriate.
2138:
84:
to a star. This term can also be applied to an object that is on an interstellar trajectory but is temporarily passing close to a star, such as certain
7863:
6815:
2858:
Afanasiev, V. L.; Kalenichenko, V. V.; Karachentsev, I. D. (1 December 2007). "Detection of an intergalactic meteor particle with the 6-m telescope".
2456:
7846:
7683:
2542:
1154:
1895:"When a Harvard Professor Talks About Aliens â News about extraterrestrial life sounds better coming from an expert at a high-prestige institution"
4763:
4219:
3343:"Did a Meteor from Another Star Strike Earth in 2014? â Questionable data cloud the potential discovery of the first known interstellar fireball"
8016:
559:
of 1.199, which was the highest eccentricity ever observed for any object in the Solar System by a wide margin prior to the discovery of comet
7991:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
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7918:
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7908:
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458:
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472:
7673:
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from ʻOumuamua suggests an origin from the inner regions of whatever stellar system it came from, losing all surface volatiles within the
7709:
7643:
6757:
6265:
5775:
3878:
Hibberd, Adam; Hein, Andreas M.; Eubanks, T. Marshall (2020). "Project Lyra: Catching 1I/'Oumuamua â Mission
Opportunities After 2024".
3218:"Confirmed! A 2014 meteor is Earth's 1st known interstellar visitor - Interstellar space rocks might be falling to Earth every 10 years"
746:
8001:
7851:
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7668:
3371:"The First Known Interstellar Meteor May Have Hit Earth in 2014 â The 3-foot-wide rock rock visited us three years before 'Oumuamua"
2560:
1944:"Where the Solar system meets the solar neighbourhood: patterns in the distribution of radiants of observed hyperbolic minor bodies"
625:
624:
In 2007, Afanasiev et al. reported the likely detection of a multi-centimeter intergalactic meteor hitting the atmosphere above the
419:
of more than a few km/s, proving that it is not gravitationally bound to the Sun. In contrast, gravitationally bound objects follow
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5879:
5321:
4613:
3636:
3564:
3531:
3342:
742:
With current space technology, close visits and orbital missions are challenging due to their high speeds, though not impossible.
548:
we know from the Solar System. This is only a suggestion, as ʻOumuamua might very well have lost all surface volatiles to eons of
461:
has a significant probability (72.6%) of having an extrasolar provenance although an origin in the Oort cloud cannot be excluded.
7729:
7719:
7207:
4077:
2677:"The Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) obtains the visible spectrum of C/2019 Q4 (Borisov), the first confirmed interstellar comet"
442:
is the only planet massive enough to capture one, and that this can be expected to occur once every sixty million years. Comets
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7678:
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7530:
7517:
6820:
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In May 2023, astronomers reported the possible capture of other interstellar objects in Near Earth Orbit (NEO) over the years.
486:
will be capable of detecting an anisotropy in the distribution of interstellar objects due to the Sun's motion relative to the
37:
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1216:
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1813:
357:, predicts that "The steady-state population of similar, ~100 m scale interstellar objects inside the orbit of Neptune is ~1
4145:
876:
Valtonen, Mauri J.; Zheng, Jia-Qing; Mikkola, Seppo (March 1992). "Origin of oort cloud comets in the interstellar space".
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2749:"Visible and near-infrared observations of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov with the 10.4-m GTC and the 3.6-m TNG telescopes"
1516:
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4003:
Engelhardt, Toni; Jedicke, Robert; VereĆĄ, Peter; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Beshore, Ed; Meinke, Bonnie (2017).
2836:
407:
Due to present observational difficulties, an interstellar object can usually only be detected if it passes through the
145:, also known as the Manus Island fireball, as an interstellar object that impacted the Earth. This was confirmed by the
454:
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Jewitt, David; Luu, Jane; Rajagopal, Jayadev; Kotulla, Ralf; Ridgway, Susan; Liu, Wilson; Augusteijn, Thomas (2017).
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141:, indicating they did not originate in the Solar System. The discovery of ʻOumuamua inspired the identification of
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5842:
5406:
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4139:
8029:
7779:
7467:
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7232:
7116:
6655:
6591:
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6085:
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658:, optical signatures from impacts with the moon or the Earth's atmosphere, and radio flares from collisions with
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2699:"Interstellar Visitors: A Physical Characterization of Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) with OSIRIS at the 10.4 m GTC"
2078:"Comet C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto): dislodged from the Oort Cloud or coming from interstellar space?"
823:
593:
310:
5166:
5071:
4953:
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4773:
4673:
1279:"Close Encounters of the Interstellar Kind: Exploring the Capture of Interstellar Objects in Near Earth Orbit"
6677:
5805:
1590:"Capture of 20 km/s approach velocity interstellar comets by three-body interactions in the planetary system"
552:
exposure in interstellar space, developing a thick crust layer after it was expelled from its parent system.
294:
Astronomers estimate that several interstellar objects of extrasolar origin (like ʻOumuamua) pass inside the
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are possible examples of such comets. They have atypical chemical makeups for comets in the Solar System.
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3456:"Harvard Professor Believes Alien Tech Could Have Crashed Into Pacific Ocean â And He Wants to Find It"
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that revealed that this object has a surface composition not too different from that found in typical
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1782:"Was Our Sun A Twin? If So Then 'Planet 9' Could Be One Of Many Hidden Planets In Our Solar System"
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Other astronomers doubt the interstellar origin because the meteoroid catalog used does not report
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166:
53:
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comet, the second confirmed interstellar object, photographed in late-2019 beside a distant galaxy
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at an altitude of 18.7 km (61,000 ft). After declassifying the data in April 2022, the
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77:
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6566:
6040:
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5101:
2654:
2636:
1836:"Identifying Interstellar Objects Trapped in the Solar System through Their Orbital Paramteters"
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and identify the characteristic ejection speed of interstellar objects from their parent stars.
3699:"Alien-Hunting Astronomer Says There May Be a Second Interstellar Object on Earth in New Study"
2921:"Identifying Interstellar Objects Trapped in the Solar System through Their Orbital Parameters"
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2390:"Observable Signatures of the Ejection Speed of Interstellar Objects from Their Birth Systems"
2362:
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2027:
1942:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl; Aarseth, Sverre J. (6 February 2018).
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31:
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5437:
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3754:
3506:"Astronomers plan to fish an interstellar meteorite out of the ocean using a massive magnet"
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Clery, Daniel (2018). "This asteroid came from another solar systemâand it's here to stay".
2019:
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whose orbits are so close to parabolic that their gravitationally bound status is unclear.)
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3621:
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Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (4 June 2019). "Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin".
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447:
392:
350:
119:
73:
5031:
4005:"An Observational Upper Limit on the Interstellar Number Density of Asteroids and Comets"
2284:
Sterken, V. J.; Altobelli, N.; Kempf, S.; Schwehm, G.; Srama, R.; GrĂŒn, E. (2012-02-01).
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2015:
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1861:
1740:
1656:
1605:
1155:"U.S. Space Force Releases Decades of Bolide Data to NASA for Planetary Defense Studies"
996:
949:
889:
7347:
7342:
7192:
7147:
7056:
6539:
6465:
6455:
6342:
6010:
5995:
5864:
5558:
5401:
5286:
5266:
5244:
5186:
5151:
5106:
4813:
4678:
4588:
4508:
1252:
541:
420:
295:
3810:
8119:
7477:
7152:
7091:
7046:
6985:
6980:
6955:
6890:
6880:
6870:
6561:
6504:
6423:
6285:
6218:
5854:
5827:
5812:
5650:
5421:
5381:
5336:
5271:
5250:
5146:
5051:
4693:
4396:
4241:
4129:
4104:
3917:
3864:
3296:
3163:
3096:
3031:
2964:
2808:
2794:
2732:
2623:
2561:"Aloha, 'Oumuamua! Scientists confirm that interstellar asteroid is a cosmic oddball"
2441:
2374:
2335:"The influence of meteor measurement errors on the heliocentric orbits of meteoroids"
2123:
1987:
1879:
1766:
1520:
905:
782:
4048:
3909:
3856:
3768:
3080:
2905:
2039:
1674:
1564:
1322:
965:
309:
and approach with random velocities, mostly from the direction of the constellation
8073:
7628:
7613:
7507:
7497:
7389:
7312:
7081:
7061:
7051:
6949:
6885:
6411:
5970:
5700:
5564:
5540:
5488:
5473:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5331:
5261:
5096:
5056:
5041:
5021:
5011:
4943:
4933:
4788:
4778:
4708:
4658:
4653:
4643:
3430:"The First Interstellar Meteor Had a Larger Material Strength Than Iron Meteorites"
3403:
1899:
1631:"Interstellar Interloper 1I/2017 U1: Observations from the NOT and WIYN Telescopes"
1464:
Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019). "Discovery of a Meteor of Interstellar Origin".
758:
750:
659:
435:
431:
408:
306:
126:
107:
65:
6519:
6135:
2310:
2023:
1921:
754:
517:
507:
354:
318:
251:
130:
2831:
7554:
7502:
7447:
7442:
7332:
7327:
7297:
7267:
7262:
7222:
7177:
7172:
7101:
7086:
7076:
7021:
6965:
6960:
6926:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6571:
6450:
6295:
6258:
6025:
5498:
5493:
5478:
5281:
5239:
5229:
5211:
5206:
5176:
5171:
5131:
5126:
5111:
5006:
4983:
4973:
4968:
4948:
4898:
4888:
4798:
4768:
4738:
4698:
4683:
4568:
4226:
3662:
Vaubaillon, J. (2022), "Hyperbolic meteors: is CNEOS 2014-01-08 interstellar?",
2543:"We May Just Have Found An Object That Originated From Outside Our Solar System"
2163:
Hajdukova, Maria; Sterken, Veerle; Wiegert, Paul; KornoĆĄ, Leonard (2020-11-01).
1534:
567:
280:
93:
4039:
4004:
3759:
3725:"The Feasibility and Benefits of in situ Exploration of ʻOumuamua-like Objects"
3724:
3287:
3252:
3146:
3111:
3014:
2979:
2955:
2920:
2723:
2698:
2614:
2579:
2424:
2389:
2261:
2199:
1870:
1835:
1749:
1714:
1665:
1630:
696:
sensors, confirmed the velocity of the potential interstellar meteor. In 2023,
7525:
7292:
7066:
6990:
6916:
6895:
6662:
6524:
6322:
6228:
6145:
6080:
5869:
5463:
5356:
5326:
5306:
5276:
5001:
4978:
4908:
4903:
4753:
4743:
4723:
4638:
4633:
4623:
4608:
4583:
4416:
4299:
4172:
4124:
4114:
2889:
2637:'Oumuamua Isn't from Our Solar System. Now We May Know Which Star It Came From
2546:
2457:"Vera Rubin Should be Able to Detect a Couple of Interstellar Objects a Month"
2358:
2251:
2226:
2189:
2164:
1338:
1005:
980:
620:(C/1996 B2) might be a former interstellar object captured by the Solar System
613:
601:
597:
579:
560:
545:
525:
443:
396:
370:
365:
314:
263:
221:
134:
41:
3155:
3088:
3023:
2897:
2785:
2580:"Plausible home stars of the interstellar object 'Oumuamua found in Gaia DR2"
2433:
2366:
2319:
2270:
2208:
1758:
1346:
1305:
1278:
1014:
7482:
7472:
6975:
6970:
6936:
6921:
6810:
6554:
6534:
6529:
6438:
6416:
6399:
6270:
6243:
6213:
6090:
6075:
6055:
6020:
5980:
5785:
5760:
5755:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5695:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5645:
5634:
5609:
5256:
5234:
5161:
5156:
5136:
5121:
5116:
5091:
5046:
4913:
4808:
4668:
4598:
4436:
3375:
3222:
2482:"Project launched to look for extraterrestrial visitors to our Solar System"
2114:
2077:
2062:
1978:
1943:
710:
382:
237:
3112:"Radio Flares from Collisions of Neutron Stars with Interstellar Asteroids"
1420:
2076:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, RaĂșl (11 October 2019).
2031:
430:
An interstellar comet can probably, on rare occasions, be captured into a
7492:
7365:
5552:
5546:
5483:
5196:
4963:
4883:
4873:
4728:
4628:
4603:
4309:
4246:
4119:
3590:
3425:
3179:"A Telescope Orbiting the Moon Could Spy 1 Interstellar Visitor Per Year"
940:
926:
Francis, Paul J. (2005-12-20). "The Demographics of Long-Period Comets".
680:
374:
125:
The first interstellar object which was discovered traveling through the
96:
85:
57:
2139:"Harvard study suggests asteroids might play key role in spreading life"
7377:
4578:
1443:
1040:
897:
592:
using his custom-built 0.65-meter telescope. On 13 September 2019, the
439:
7688:
7016:
6840:
6775:
3565:"Material Found in Ocean Is Not From This Solar System, Study Claims"
3269:
2767:
585:
400:
346:
334:
330:
122:, planet-mass objects that formed in interstellar space as stars do.
111:
1277:
Mukherjee, Diptajyoti; Siraj, Amir; Trac, Hy; Loeb, Abraham (2023).
8068:
4021:
3937:
3892:
3839:
3741:
3676:
3599:
3489:
3128:
3063:
2996:
2937:
2596:
2406:
2096:
1960:
1852:
1731:
1647:
1614:
1589:
1470:
1295:
1135:
957:
4154:
4086:
2872:
2225:
Hajdukova, M.; Sterken, V.; Wiegert, P.; KornoĆĄ, L. (2020-11-01).
612:
511:
471:
466:
391:
89:
61:
36:
313:
because the Solar System is moving in that direction, called the
2832:"ATel#1349: Multiple Outbursts of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov"
1489:
1361:"MPEC 2017-V17: NEW DESIGNATION SCHEME FOR INTERSTELLAR OBJECTS"
1159:
799:
584:
The object was discovered on 30 August 2019 at MARGO, Nauchnyy,
69:
6739:
5640:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
4525:
4059:
3982:"European Comet Interceptor Could Visit an Interstellar Object"
566:
In September 2018, astronomers described several possible home
3957:
795:
570:
from which ʻOumuamua may have begun its interstellar journey.
322:
6735:
2980:"Detecting Interstellar Objects through Stellar Occultations"
1380:
and would have an inbound v_infinite of 0.2 km/s at 50000 au:
706:. Further related studies were reported on 1 September 2023.
520:, the first confirmed interstellar object, discovered in 2017
2529:"Minor Planet Electronic Circular MPEC 2017-U183: A/2017 U1"
110:, planets ejected from their original stellar system (e.g.,
5656:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
1153:
Handal, Josh; Fox, Karen; Talbert, Tricia (8 April 2022).
7977:
Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer
4055:
3047:"A real-time search for interstellar impacts on the moon"
1948:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
3253:"Interstellar Meteors are Outliers in Material Strength"
1248:"A Few Interstellar Objects Have Probably Been Captured"
524:
A dim object was discovered on October 19, 2017, by the
465:
astronomers suggest that matterâand potentially dormant
305:
Interstellar comets occasionally pass through the inner
802:, planned to launch in 2029, will be positioned at the
321:, the fact that no comet with a speed greater than the
27:
Astronomical object not gravitationally bound to a star
2679:. Instituto Astrofisico de Canarias. 14 September 2019
8045:
3723:
Seligman, Darryl; Laughlin, Gregory (12 April 2018).
3637:"Did a Meteor from Another Star Strike Earth in 2014"
2286:"The flow of interstellar dust into the solar system"
1922:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1980 E1 (Bowell)"
734:
of the meteor, to be a possible interstellar object.
186:
2220:
2218:
7954:
7743:
7702:
7604:
7516:
7423:
7356:
7129:
7009:
6935:
6861:
6848:
6803:
6189:
5903:
5597:
5584:
5511:
5451:
5430:
5314:
5305:
5195:
4992:
4554:
4543:
4489:
4339:
4318:
4260:
4153:
4097:
3478:
3476:
2703:
Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society
2227:"The challenge of identifying interstellar meteors"
2165:"The challenge of identifying interstellar meteors"
836:
List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System
99:). In the latter case, the object may be called an
3454:Fuschetti, Ray; Johnson, Malcolm; Strader, Aaron.
298:each year, and that 10,000 are passing inside the
199:
7654:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
7649:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
2754:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2650:"Is Another Interstellar Visitor Headed Our Way?"
2083:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1541:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 150.
1376:had an epoch 1600 barycentric semi-major axis of
1283:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
847:List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
118:), though they are difficult to distinguish from
7273:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
2333:HajdukovĂĄ, MĂĄria; KornoĆĄ, Leonard (2020-10-01).
1550:
1548:
832: â Astronomical object not orbiting the Sun
411:, where it can be distinguished by its strongly
389:of 1.057. It is heading for interstellar space.
3317:"The discovery of a second interstellar meteor"
3310:
3308:
3306:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
2809:"MPEC 2019-S72: 2I/Borisov=C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
1272:
1270:
1210:
1208:
1148:
1146:
1060:
1058:
843: â Comets that may not be orbiting the Sun
826: â Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
106:The first interstellar objects discovered were
1715:"The Case for an Early Solar Binary Companion"
1241:
1239:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1091:
1089:
1026:
1024:
596:obtained a low-resolution visible spectrum of
361:10, each with a residence time of ~10 years."
6751:
4071:
2830:Drahus, Michal; et al. (12 March 2020).
2506:"MPEC 2017-U181: COMET C/2017 U1 (PANSTARRS)"
1806:"Did the Sun have an early binary companion?"
1179:
1177:
8:
3251:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Avi (20 September 2022).
3177:August 2019, Mike Wall 30 (30 August 2019).
1517:"The Sky at Night: The Mystery of ʻOumuamua"
981:"Creating the first interstellar interloper"
781: mi) in order to take advantage of the
3201:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
878:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
353:and colleagues, following the detection of
345:, or 10 (1 trillion) comets per cubic
165:similar to the comet numbering system. The
6858:
6758:
6744:
6736:
5594:
5311:
4551:
4540:
4522:
4094:
4078:
4064:
4056:
1583:
1581:
871:
869:
867:
753:to assess the feasibility of a mission to
692:, based on information collected from its
516:Path of the hyperbolic, extrasolar object
176:
6816:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters
4038:
4020:
3936:
3891:
3838:
3758:
3740:
3675:
3598:
3488:
3286:
3268:
3145:
3127:
3110:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019-09-19).
3062:
3045:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-08-01).
3013:
2995:
2978:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-02-26).
2954:
2936:
2871:
2784:
2766:
2722:
2613:
2595:
2423:
2405:
2388:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-10-29).
2309:
2260:
2250:
2198:
2188:
2113:
2095:
1977:
1959:
1869:
1851:
1748:
1730:
1713:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2020-08-18).
1664:
1646:
1613:
1537:; Lynds, Beverly; Pillans, Helen (1959).
1469:
1304:
1294:
1134:
1004:
939:
921:
919:
917:
915:
191:
185:
7684:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
5741:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
5716:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
5651:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
8052:
5751:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
3953:"Ariel moves from blueprint to reality"
3811:"Project Lyra â A Mission to Ê»Oumuamua"
1363:. Minor Planet Center. 6 November 2017.
863:
453:Recent research suggests that asteroid
137:in 2019. They both possess significant
3980:O'Callaghan, Jonathan (24 June 2019).
3813:. Initiative for Interstellar Studies.
3617:
3606:
3194:
2578:Feng, Fabo; Jones, Hugh R. A. (2018).
1421:"Pseudo-MPEC for A/2017 U1 (FAQ File)"
7992:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
5691:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
3571:from the original on 1 September 2023
3216:Pultarova, Tereza (3 November 2022).
459:C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto)
7:
7674:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
7664:Habitability of neutron star systems
4331:List of comets visited by spacecraft
8017:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
7644:Habitability of binary star systems
5776:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
3782:Ferreira, Becky (8 November 2022).
3397:Specktor, Brandon (11 April 2022).
2919:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019).
1834:Siraj, Amir; Loeb, Abraham (2019).
1515:Fraser, Wesley (11 February 2018).
747:Initiative for Interstellar Studies
8002:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
7659:Habitability of natural satellites
3369:Choi, Charles Q. (16 April 2019).
1690:"The Enduring Mysteries of Comets"
1492:. 20 November 2017. Archived from
1323:"The natural history of 'Oumuamua"
192:
25:
7669:Habitability of red dwarf systems
5916:C/1992 J1 (SpacewatchâRabinowitz)
5696:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
3544:from the original on 25 July 2023
1893:Koren, Marina (23 January 2019).
626:Special Astrophysical Observatory
540:, much like the rocky asteroids,
438:. Computer simulations show that
8103:
8091:
8079:
8067:
8055:
7766:Stars with proto-planetary discs
7730:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database
7720:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
7208:Extraterrestrial sample curation
6839:
6720:
6719:
5766:C/1927 X1 (SkjellerupâMaristany)
4144:
4138:
3563:McRae, Mike (1 September 2023).
3530:Miller, Katrina (24 July 2023).
1215:Roulette, Joey (15 April 2022).
1065:Ferreira, Becky (7 April 2022).
979:Veras, Dimitri (13 April 2020).
434:orbit while passing through the
7679:Habitable zone for complex life
7117:Ultra-short period planet (USP)
6821:Methods of detecting exoplanets
5860:C/1970 K1 (WhiteâOrtizâBolelli)
5746:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
5736:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
5711:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
5686:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
5681:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
5676:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
5671:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
5666:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
5661:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
5630:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
5625:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
5620:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
5615:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
5610:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
4273:Observational history of comets
3910:10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.01.018
3857:10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.12.042
3504:Carter, Jamie (9 August 2022).
3341:Billings, Lee (23 April 2019).
3315:Loeb, Avi (23 September 2022).
3081:10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.04.006
2648:King, Bob (11 September 2019).
1688:Choi, Charles Q. (2007-12-24).
397:Comet Machholz 1 (96P/Machholz)
333:. Other analyses, of data from
7860:Discovered exoplanets by year
5895:C/1989 Y1 (SkorichenkoâGeorge)
5885:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
5292:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
1555:MacRobert, Alan (2008-12-02).
1419:Gray, Bill (26 October 2017).
178:Interstellar velocity inbound
1:
7987:Extrasolar planets in fiction
7634:Extraterrestrial liquid water
5880:C/1983 H1 (IRASâArakiâAlcock)
4362:C/2023 A3 (TsuchinshanâATLAS)
2527:Meech, K. (25 October 2017).
2455:Williams, Matt (2020-11-07).
2137:Reuell, Peter (8 July 2019).
2024:10.1126/science.272.5266.1310
1444:"FAQ for C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
1184:Siraj, Amir (12 April 2022).
8007:Planets in globular clusters
7624:Circumstellar habitable zone
5921:C/1993 Y1 (McNaughtâRussell)
5843:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
5443:D/1993 F2 (ShoemakerâLevy 9)
5352:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
4844:57P/du ToitâNeujminâDelporte
3635:Billings, Lee (2019-04-23).
2480:Clery, Daniel (2021-07-26).
2290:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1812:. 2020-08-20. Archived from
1588:Torbett, M. V. (July 1986).
1519:(Interview). Interviewed by
1486:"Interstellar Asteroid FAQs"
1096:Wenz, John (11 April 2022).
349:. A more recent estimate by
337:, set the upper limit at 4.5
7967:Exoplanet naming convention
7077:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
5412:226P/PigottâLINEARâKowalski
4784:45P/HondaâMrkosâPajduĆĄĂĄkovĂĄ
4764:41P/TuttleâGiacobiniâKresĂĄk
4295:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
2339:Planetary and Space Science
2311:10.1051/0004-6361/201117119
2231:Planetary and Space Science
2169:Planetary and Space Science
1246:Gough, Evan (18 May 2023).
1032:United States Space Command
630:Russian Academy of Sciences
423:around the Sun. (There are
200:{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}
18:List of interstellar comets
8152:
7203:Extraterrestrial materials
6837:
5801:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
5781:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
5721:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
5706:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
4326:List of missions to comets
669:
577:
505:
417:hyperbolic excess velocity
139:hyperbolic excess velocity
29:
8030:Discoveries of exoplanets
8025:
7233:Interplanetary dust cloud
6771:
6715:
6086:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
6031:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
5731:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
5646:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
5605:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
5571:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
4939:76P/WestâKohoutekâIkemura
4894:67P/ChuryumovâGerasimenko
4539:
4521:
4471:(BernardinelliâBernstein)
4136:
4093:
3257:The Astrophysical Journal
3116:Research Notes of the AAS
2984:The Astrophysical Journal
2925:The Astrophysical Journal
2890:10.1134/S1990341307040013
2837:The Astronomer's Telegram
2394:The Astrophysical Journal
2359:10.1016/j.pss.2020.104965
2252:10.1016/j.pss.2020.105060
2190:10.1016/j.pss.2020.105060
1840:The Astrophysical Journal
1719:The Astrophysical Journal
1635:The Astrophysical Journal
1339:10.1038/s41550-019-0816-x
1006:10.1038/s41550-020-1064-9
928:The Astrophysical Journal
841:List of hyperbolic comets
484:Vera C. Rubin Observatory
317:. Until the discovery of
7735:Open Exoplanet Catalogue
7710:Nearby Habitable Systems
7596:Transit-timing variation
5791:C/1956 R1 (ArendâRoland)
5726:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
5701:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
4924:73P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4714:31P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4704:29P/SchwassmannâWachmann
4377:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
4040:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5c8a
4009:The Astronomical Journal
3760:10.3847/1538-3881/aabd37
3729:The Astronomical Journal
3288:10.3847/2041-8213/aca8a0
3147:10.3847/2515-5172/ab43de
3015:10.3847/2041-8213/ab74d9
2956:10.3847/2041-8213/ab042a
2724:10.3847/2515-5172/ab449c
2615:10.3847/1538-3881/aae3eb
2584:The Astronomical Journal
2425:10.3847/2041-8213/abc170
1871:10.3847/2041-8213/ab042a
1750:10.3847/2041-8213/abac66
1666:10.3847/2041-8213/aa9b2f
824:Global catastrophic risk
749:(i4is) launched in 2017
723:2017 interstellar meteor
666:2014 interstellar meteor
594:Gran Telescopio Canarias
133:in 2017. The second was
30:Not to be confused with
8012:Small planet radius gap
7715:Exoplanet Data Explorer
7639:Galactic habitable zone
7213:Giant-impact hypothesis
6266:de KockâParaskevopoulos
6121:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
5322:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
4614:11P/TempelâSwiftâLINEAR
4462:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
4305:Small Solar System body
2351:2020P&SS..19004965H
2302:2012A&A...538A.102S
2243:2020P&SS..19205060H
2181:2020P&SS..19205060H
2063:10.1126/science.aau2420
810:to wait for a suitable
101:interstellar interloper
7972:Exoplanet phase curves
7810:Terrestrial candidates
7761:Multiplanetary systems
7725:NASA Exoplanet Archive
7408:Mean-motion resonances
7218:Gravitational collapse
7168:Circumstellar envelope
6101:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
6096:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
5941:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
5838:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
5818:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
5417:271P/van HoutenâLemmon
5377:107P/WilsonâHarrington
5372:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
5342:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
5218:4015 WilsonâHarrington
5062:147P/KushidaâMuramatsu
5027:107P/WilsonâHarrington
5017:97P/MetcalfâBrewington
4829:54P/de VicoâSwiftâNEAT
3616:Cite journal requires
2860:Astrophysical Bulletin
2786:10.1093/mnras/staa1190
2531:. Minor Planet Center.
1557:"A Very Oddball Comet"
1306:10.1093/mnras/stad2317
621:
521:
502:1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)
488:Local Standard of Rest
478:
455:514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela
404:
252:1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)
201:
45:
7847:Potentially habitable
7752:Exoplanetary systems
7694:Superhabitable planet
7453:F/Yellow-white dwarfs
7338:Sample-return mission
7238:Interplanetary medium
6619:SpacewatchâRabinowitz
6181:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
6131:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
6111:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
6076:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
6056:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
6001:C/2006 A1 (PojmaĆski)
5991:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
5971:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
5936:C/1997 L1 (ZhuâBalam)
5931:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
5926:C/1995 O1 (HaleâBopp)
5761:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
5407:206P/BarnardâBoattini
4929:74P/SmirnovaâChernykh
4839:56P/SlaughterâBurnham
4734:35P/HerschelâRigollet
4481:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
4442:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
4372:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
4347:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
2811:. Minor Planet Center
2508:. Minor Planet Center
2115:10.1093/mnras/stz2229
1979:10.1093/mnrasl/sly019
1924:(1986-12-02 last obs)
738:Hypothetical missions
616:
515:
477:however, not evident.
475:
413:hyperbolic trajectory
395:
369:similarly scattered.
202:
82:gravitationally bound
40:
8126:Interstellar objects
7982:Extragalactic planet
7962:Carl Sagan Institute
7243:Interplanetary space
7158:Circumplanetary disk
6831:Planet-hosting stars
6599:SkjellerupâMaristany
6136:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
6046:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
6036:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
6011:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
5996:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
5951:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
5865:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
5535:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
5523:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
5362:72P/DenningâFujikawa
4919:72P/DenningâFujikawa
4819:52P/HarringtonâAbell
4794:47P/AshbrookâJackson
4689:26P/GriggâSkjellerup
4664:21P/GiacobiniâZinner
1594:Astronomical Journal
1539:Elementary Astronomy
656:stellar occultations
184:
7323:Protoplanetary disk
7303:Planetary migration
7258:Interstellar medium
7037:Circumtriple planet
7032:Circumbinary planet
6668:WhiteâOrtizâBolelli
6171:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
6161:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
6141:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
6126:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
6116:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
6106:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
6091:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
6061:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
6041:C/2009 F6 (YiâSWAN)
6016:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
5961:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
5855:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
5828:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
5813:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
5786:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
5297:(300163) 2006 VW139
5167:332P/IkeyaâMurakami
5072:156P/RussellâLINEAR
4954:79P/du ToitâHartley
4864:61P/ShajnâSchaldach
4849:58P/JacksonâNeujmin
4774:43P/WolfâHarrington
4674:23P/BrorsenâMetcalf
4476:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
4452:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
4447:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
4427:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
4397:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
4382:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
4031:2017AJ....153..133E
3986:Scientific American
3902:2020AcAau.170..136H
3849:2017arXiv171103155H
3751:2018AJ....155..217S
3686:2022JIMO...50..140V
3642:Scientific American
3348:Scientific American
3279:2022ApJ...941L..28S
3138:2019RNAAS...3..130S
3073:2020AcAau.173...53S
3006:2020ApJ...891L...3S
2947:2019ApJ...872L..10S
2882:2007AstBu..62..301A
2777:2020MNRAS.495.2053D
2715:2019RNAAS...3..131D
2655:Sky & Telescope
2606:2018AJ....156..205B
2567:. 20 November 2017.
2549:. October 26, 2017.
2416:2020ApJ...903L..20S
2262:20.500.11850/432235
2200:20.500.11850/432235
2106:2019MNRAS.489..951D
2016:1996Sci...272.1310M
2010:(5266): 1310â1314.
1970:2018MNRAS.476L...1D
1862:2019ApJ...872L..10S
1741:2020ApJ...899L..24S
1657:2017ApJ...850L..36J
1606:1986AJ.....92..171T
1561:Sky & Telescope
1496:on 18 December 2019
1191:Scientific American
997:2020NatAs...4..835V
950:2005ApJ...635.1348F
890:1992CeMDA..54...37V
830:Hyperbolic asteroid
698:The Galileo Project
640:candidates such as
448:Hyakutake C/1996 B2
329:) comets per cubic
209:
167:Minor Planet Center
54:astronomical object
50:interstellar object
7288:Nebular hypothesis
7263:Interstellar space
7248:Interstellar cloud
7228:Internal structure
7163:Circumstellar disc
6604:SkorichenkoâGeorge
6199:Aarseth-Brewington
6151:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
6071:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
6051:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
6021:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
5981:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
5966:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
5956:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
5890:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
5875:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
5756:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
5459:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
5367:80P/PetersâHartley
5082:162P/Siding Spring
4959:80P/PetersâHartley
4824:53P/Van Biesbroeck
4749:38P/StephanâOterma
4457:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
4432:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
4422:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
4412:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
4392:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
4352:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
3961:. 12 November 2020
3537:The New York Times
1408:Voyager Fast Facts
1222:The New York Times
898:10.1007/BF00049542
703:The New York Times
690:U.S. Space Command
632:on July 28, 2006.
622:
522:
479:
405:
364:Current models of
302:on any given day.
225:(weakly hyperbolic
197:
177:
147:U.S. Space Command
78:interstellar space
46:
8136:Stellar astronomy
8043:
8042:
7619:Astrooceanography
7253:Interstellar dust
7125:
7124:
7001:Ultra-hot Neptune
6996:Ultra-hot Jupiter
6945:Eccentric Jupiter
6795:Planetary science
6733:
6732:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6318:IRASâArakiâAlcock
6156:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
6026:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
5833:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
5823:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
5796:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
5771:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
5580:
5579:
5507:
5506:
5469:18D/PerrineâMrkos
5347:55P/TempelâTuttle
5224:7968 ElstâPizarro
5142:273P/PonsâGambart
5087:168P/Hergenrother
5077:161P/HartleyâIRAS
5037:109P/SwiftâTuttle
4879:64P/SwiftâGehrels
4834:55P/TempelâTuttle
4649:18D/PerrineâMrkos
4517:
4516:
4504:Comets in fiction
4407:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
4402:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
4357:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
4283:Comet discoverers
3880:Acta Astronautica
3827:Acta Astronautica
3428:(18 April 2022).
3051:Acta Astronautica
812:long-period comet
791:Comet Interceptor
732:material strength
694:planetary defense
555:ʻOumuamua has an
534:cometary activity
497:Confirmed objects
292:
291:
227:Oort Cloud comet)
116:Cha 110913â773444
32:Extrasolar object
16:(Redirected from
8143:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8072:
8071:
8060:
8059:
8058:
8051:
7997:Neptunian desert
7383:Tidally detached
7318:Planet formation
7308:Planetary system
7198:Exozodiacal dust
7188:Disrupted planet
7112:Ultra-cool dwarf
7042:Disrupted planet
7027:Chthonian planet
6859:
6843:
6826:Planetary system
6760:
6753:
6746:
6737:
6723:
6722:
6681:
6659:
6651:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
6478:McNaughtâRussell
6166:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
6081:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
6066:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
6006:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
5986:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
5976:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
5946:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
5911:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
5870:C/1975 V1 (West)
5851:
5809:
5595:
5312:
5067:153P/IkeyaâZhang
4804:49P/ArendâRigaux
4594:7P/PonsâWinnecke
4552:
4541:
4523:
4499:Antimatter comet
4387:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
4268:Naming of comets
4148:
4142:
4095:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4024:
3990:
3989:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3895:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3842:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3762:
3744:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3679:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3602:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3272:
3248:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3149:
3131:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3066:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3017:
2999:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2940:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2875:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2770:
2761:(2): 2053â2062.
2743:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2645:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2599:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2427:
2409:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2099:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2050:
2044:
2043:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1963:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1855:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1752:
1734:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1668:
1650:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1563:. Archived from
1552:
1543:
1542:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1374:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
1371:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1327:Nature Astronomy
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1126:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1034:(6 April 2022).
1028:
1019:
1018:
1008:
985:Nature Astronomy
976:
970:
969:
943:
941:astro-ph/0509074
934:(2): 1348â1361.
923:
910:
909:
873:
852:Rogue black hole
777:
776:
767:
766:
728:CNEOS 2017-03-09
716:CNEOS 2014-01-08
686:Papua New Guinea
677:CNEOS 2014-01-08
672:CNEOS 2014-01-08
653:
646:
590:Gennadiy Borisov
563:in August 2019.
550:cosmic radiation
360:
340:
300:orbit of Neptune
288:9.24 au/yr
276:2014Jan08 bolide
270:6.77 au/yr
258:5.55 au/yr
246:3.57 au/yr
241:(For comparison)
232:0.04 au/yr
222:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
210:
208:
206:
204:
203:
198:
196:
195:
143:CNEOS 2014-01-08
120:sub-brown dwarfs
21:
8151:
8150:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8116:
8115:
8114:
8104:
8102:
8092:
8090:
8080:
8078:
8066:
8056:
8054:
8046:
8044:
8039:
8035:Search projects
8021:
7950:
7739:
7698:
7600:
7572:Radial velocity
7512:
7468:K/Orange dwarfs
7458:G/Yellow dwarfs
7419:
7413:TitiusâBode law
7352:
7283:Molecular cloud
7183:Detached object
7134:
7132:
7121:
7107:Toroidal planet
7097:Sub-brown dwarf
7005:
6931:
6903:(Super-Mercury)
6876:Coreless planet
6852:
6850:
6844:
6835:
6799:
6767:
6764:
6734:
6729:
6699:
6675:
6653:
6191:
6185:
6176:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
5899:
5845:
5803:
5589:
5587:
5576:
5514:
5503:
5447:
5426:
5301:
5198:
5191:
4994:
4988:
4869:62P/Tsuchinshan
4859:60P/Tsuchinshan
4854:59P/KearnsâKwee
4619:12P/PonsâBrooks
4556:
4546:
4535:
4528:Lists of comets
4513:
4491:
4485:
4470:
4367:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
4335:
4314:
4256:
4149:
4143:
4134:
4089:
4084:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3647:
3645:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3615:
3605:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3510:livescience.com
3503:
3502:
3498:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3304:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3044:
3043:
3039:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2631:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2490:
2488:
2486:www.science.org
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2143:Harvard Gazette
2136:
2135:
2131:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1810:Cosmos Magazine
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1780:Carter, Jamie.
1779:
1778:
1774:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1446:. Project Pluto
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1423:. Project Pluto
1418:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1030:
1029:
1022:
978:
977:
973:
925:
924:
913:
875:
874:
865:
860:
820:
807:
774:
772:
764:
762:
740:
725:
674:
668:
652:
648:
645:
641:
618:Comet Hyakutake
611:
582:
576:
510:
504:
499:
421:elliptic orbits
358:
351:David C. Jewitt
338:
287:
278:
269:
257:
256:26.33 km/s
245:
240:
231:
226:
224:
187:
182:
181:
179:
175:
159:
74:stellar remnant
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8149:
8147:
8139:
8138:
8133:
8131:Exoplanetology
8128:
8118:
8117:
8113:
8112:
8100:
8088:
8076:
8064:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8032:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7771:
7770:
7769:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7749:
7747:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7706:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7592:
7591:
7584:Transit method
7581:
7580:
7579:
7569:
7568:
7567:
7557:
7552:
7551:
7550:
7540:
7539:
7538:
7531:Direct imaging
7528:
7522:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7392:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7362:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7348:Star formation
7345:
7343:Scattered disc
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7193:Excretion disk
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7148:Accretion disk
7145:
7139:
7137:
7127:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7057:Eyeball planet
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6867:
6865:
6856:
6846:
6845:
6838:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6740:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6673:WilsonâHubbard
6670:
6665:
6660:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6589:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6540:311P/PanSTARRS
6537:
6532:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6303:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5592:
5586:Near-Parabolic
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5402:205P/Giacobini
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5316:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5287:358P/PANSTARRS
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5267:311P/PanSTARRS
5264:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5245:60558 Echeclus
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5201:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5187:460P/PanSTARRS
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:311P/PanSTARRS
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5107:205P/Giacobini
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:51P/Harrington
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4719:32P/Comas SolĂ
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4679:24P/Schaumasse
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4549:
4537:
4536:
4526:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4509:Comet vintages
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:Near-parabolic
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4188:Jupiter-family
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4060:
4054:
4053:
3998:
3997:External links
3995:
3992:
3991:
3972:
3944:
3923:
3870:
3816:
3802:
3774:
3715:
3690:
3654:
3627:
3618:|journal=
3582:
3555:
3522:
3496:
3472:
3446:
3417:
3389:
3361:
3333:
3321:TheDebrief.org
3302:
3236:
3208:
3169:
3102:
3037:
2970:
2911:
2866:(4): 301â310.
2850:
2822:
2800:
2738:
2689:
2668:
2640:
2629:
2570:
2552:
2534:
2519:
2497:
2472:
2461:Universe Today
2447:
2380:
2325:
2276:
2214:
2155:
2129:
2090:(1): 951â961.
2068:
2045:
1993:
1934:
1913:
1885:
1826:
1797:
1772:
1705:
1680:
1621:
1615:10.1086/114148
1577:
1544:
1526:
1507:
1477:
1456:
1434:
1411:
1400:
1366:
1352:
1333:(7): 594â602.
1321:(2019-07-01).
1312:
1266:
1253:Universe Today
1235:
1204:
1173:
1142:
1116:
1085:
1054:
1020:
991:(9): 835â836.
971:
958:10.1086/497684
911:
884:(1â3): 37â48.
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
849:
844:
838:
833:
827:
819:
816:
805:
794:spacecraft by
739:
736:
724:
721:
670:Main article:
667:
664:
650:
643:
610:
607:
578:Main article:
575:
572:
542:extinct comets
506:Main article:
503:
500:
498:
495:
296:orbit of Earth
290:
289:
286:43.8 km/s
284:
272:
271:
268:32.1 km/s
266:
260:
259:
254:
248:
247:
244:16.9 km/s
242:
234:
233:
228:
218:
217:
214:
194:
190:
174:
171:
158:
155:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8148:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8123:
8121:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8089:
8087:
8077:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8063:
8053:
8049:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8024:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7701:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7509:
7508:Yellow giants
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7355:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7278:Merging stars
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7153:Asteroid belt
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7128:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7092:Pulsar planet
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7047:Double planet
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6986:Super-Neptune
6984:
6982:
6981:Super-Jupiter
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6956:Helium planet
6954:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6891:Hycean planet
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6881:Desert planet
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:Carbon planet
6869:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6847:
6842:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6793:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6761:
6756:
6754:
6749:
6747:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6726:
6718:
6717:
6714:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6679:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6582:Siding Spring
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6188:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5849:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5583:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5510:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5422:289P/Blanpain
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5382:113P/Spitaler
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5337:27P/Crommelin
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:324P/La Sagra
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5251:118401 LINEAR
5249:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:289P/Blanpain
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5102:178P/HugâBell
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:141P/Machholz
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4694:27P/Crommelin
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4220:Unknown-orbit
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4131:
4130:Meteor shower
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3820:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3775:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3719:
3716:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3655:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3610:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3570:
3566:
3559:
3556:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3365:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3198:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1816:on 2020-11-16
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
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1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1567:on 2008-12-07
1566:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1521:Chris Lintott
1518:
1511:
1508:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1422:
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1412:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1297:
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1284:
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1273:
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1255:
1254:
1249:
1242:
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1236:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1211:
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1205:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
942:
937:
933:
929:
922:
920:
918:
916:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
870:
868:
864:
857:
853:
850:
848:
845:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
815:
813:
809:
801:
797:
793:
792:
786:
784:
783:Oberth effect
780:
771: km; 1.3
770:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
737:
735:
733:
729:
722:
720:
717:
712:
711:uncertainties
707:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
673:
665:
663:
661:
660:neutron stars
657:
639:
633:
631:
627:
619:
615:
608:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
581:
573:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
519:
514:
509:
501:
496:
494:
491:
489:
485:
474:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
425:a few objects
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
399:as viewed by
398:
394:
390:
388:
384:
379:
376:
372:
367:
362:
356:
352:
348:
344:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
285:
282:
277:
274:
273:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
253:
250:
249:
243:
239:
236:
235:
230:0.2 km/s
229:
223:
220:
219:
215:
212:
211:
188:
172:
170:
168:
164:
156:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:rogue planets
104:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
33:
19:
8110:Solar System
7852:Proper names
7629:Earth analog
7614:Astrobiology
7606:Habitability
7543:Microlensing
7503:White dwarfs
7473:M/Red dwarfs
7463:Herbig Ae/Be
7448:Brown dwarfs
7390:Rogue planet
7371:Interstellar
7313:Planetesimal
7082:Planetesimal
7062:Giant planet
7052:Ecumenopolis
6950:Mini-Neptune
6886:Dwarf planet
6412:C/2001 OG108
6204:ArendâRoland
5565:103P/Hartley
5555:(2005, 2011)
5541:19P/Borrelly
5489:75D/Kohoutek
5474:20D/Westphal
5397:177P/Barnard
5392:157P/Tritton
5387:122P/de Vico
5262:259P/Garradd
5097:177P/Barnard
5057:144P/Kushida
5042:122P/de Vico
5032:108P/Ciffréo
5022:103P/Hartley
5012:96P/Machholz
4944:77P/Longmore
4934:75D/Kohoutek
4789:46P/Wirtanen
4779:44P/Reinmuth
4709:30P/Reinmuth
4659:20D/Westphal
4654:19P/Borrelly
4252:Interstellar
4251:
4205:Non-periodic
4012:
4008:
3985:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3956:
3947:
3926:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3787:
3777:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3702:
3693:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3646:. Retrieved
3640:
3630:
3609:cite journal
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3535:
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3509:
3499:
3463:. Retrieved
3459:
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3433:
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3404:Live Science
3402:
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3374:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3346:
3336:
3326:24 September
3324:. Retrieved
3320:
3270:2209.09905v1
3260:
3256:
3227:. Retrieved
3221:
3211:
3186:. Retrieved
3182:
3172:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3054:
3050:
3040:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2835:
2825:
2815:24 September
2813:. Retrieved
2803:
2768:2005.00786v1
2758:
2752:
2741:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2671:
2661:12 September
2659:. Retrieved
2653:
2643:
2632:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2537:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2500:
2489:. Retrieved
2485:
2475:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:
2450:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2234:
2230:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2148:29 September
2146:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:
2087:
2081:
2071:
2054:
2048:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1954:(1): L1âL5.
1951:
1947:
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:The Atlantic
1898:
1888:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1775:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1683:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1597:
1593:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1560:
1538:
1535:Struve, Otto
1529:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1494:the original
1480:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1442:Gray, Bill.
1437:
1425:. Retrieved
1414:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1369:
1355:
1330:
1326:
1315:
1286:
1282:
1257:. Retrieved
1251:
1226:. Retrieved
1220:
1195:. Retrieved
1189:
1164:. Retrieved
1158:
1107:. Retrieved
1101:
1076:. Retrieved
1070:
1045:. Retrieved
1039:
988:
984:
974:
931:
927:
881:
877:
789:
787:
778:
768:
751:Project Lyra
744:
741:
726:
708:
701:
675:
634:
623:
583:
568:star systems
565:
557:eccentricity
554:
532:The lack of
531:
523:
492:
480:
452:
436:Solar System
432:heliocentric
429:
409:Solar System
406:
403:(April 2007)
387:eccentricity
380:
363:
307:Solar System
304:
293:
162:
160:
157:Nomenclature
151:
131:1I/ʻOumuamua
127:Solar System
124:
105:
100:
94:exoasteroids
80:that is not
68:, but not a
66:rogue planet
56:(such as an
49:
47:
8098:Outer space
8086:Spaceflight
7864:before 2000
7780:Discoveries
7555:Polarimetry
7443:Binary star
7333:Rubble pile
7328:Ring system
7298:Outer space
7268:Kuiper belt
7223:Hills cloud
7178:Debris disk
7173:Cosmic dust
7102:Sub-Neptune
7087:Protoplanet
7022:Brown dwarf
7010:Other types
6966:Hot Neptune
6961:Hot Jupiter
6952:(Gas dwarf)
6927:Super-Earth
6912:Ocean world
6907:Lava planet
6901:Iron planet
6863:Terrestrial
6804:Main topics
6676: [
6654: [
6550:C/2015 ER61
6259:C/2013 US10
5846: [
5804: [
5499:85D/Boethin
5494:83D/Russell
5479:25D/Neujmin
5282:354P/LINEAR
5240:167P/CINEOS
5230:165P/LINEAR
5212:2060 Chiron
5207:596 Scheila
5177:354P/LINEAR
5172:333P/LINEAR
5132:252P/LINEAR
5127:249P/LINEAR
5112:209P/LINEAR
5007:92P/Sanguin
4984:85D/Boethin
4974:83D/Russell
4969:82P/Gehrels
4949:78P/Gehrels
4899:68P/Klemola
4889:66P/du Toit
4799:48P/Johnson
4769:42P/Neujmin
4759:40P/VÀisÀlÀ
4739:36P/Whipple
4699:28P/Neujmin
4684:25D/Neujmin
4589:6P/d'Arrest
4492:speculation
4490:Culture and
4319:Exploration
4227:Great Comet
4183:Halley-type
4178:Long period
3965:12 November
3886:: 136â144.
3833:: 552â561.
3575:1 September
3465:2 September
1600:: 171â175.
1500:21 November
1289:: 908â921.
804:Sun-Earth L
759:solar radii
281:peer review
92:(including
8120:Categories
7775:Exoplanets
7756:Host stars
7703:Catalogues
7526:Astrometry
7488:Subdwarf B
7425:Host stars
7398:Retrograde
7293:Oort cloud
7131:Formation
7067:Mesoplanet
6991:Super-puff
6917:Mega-Earth
6896:Ice planet
6781:Definition
6766:Exoplanets
6624:Stonehouse
6577:SekiâLines
6525:Pan-STARRS
6515:Oukaimeden
6390:C/2000 WM1
6313:Ikeya-Seki
6190:After 1910
6146:2I/Borisov
5904:After 1990
5598:Until 1990
5515:spacecraft
5513:Visited by
5464:5D/Brorsen
5357:69P/Taylor
5332:17P/Holmes
5327:15P/Finlay
5277:331P/Gibbs
5197:Comet-like
5002:88P/Howell
4993:After 1985
4979:84P/Giclas
4909:70P/Kojima
4904:69P/Taylor
4754:39P/Oterma
4744:37P/Forbes
4724:33P/Daniel
4644:17P/Holmes
4639:16P/Brooks
4634:15P/Finlay
4624:13P/Olbers
4609:10P/Tempel
4584:5D/Brorsen
4555:Until 1985
4417:2I/Borisov
4300:Oort cloud
4232:Sungrazing
4215:Hyperbolic
4193:Encke-type
4125:Comet dust
4022:1702.02237
4015:(3): 133.
3938:1711.03155
3893:1902.04935
3840:1711.03155
3795:8 November
3742:1803.07022
3735:(5): 217.
3708:3 November
3677:2211.02305
3670:(5): 140,
3648:2019-04-23
3600:2308.15623
3490:2208.00092
3460:NBC Boston
3263:(2): L28.
3229:4 November
3188:2020-11-14
3129:1908.11440
3122:(9): 130.
3064:1908.08543
2997:2001.02681
2938:1811.09632
2931:(1): L10.
2709:(9): 131.
2683:2019-09-14
2597:1809.09009
2590:(5): 205.
2547:IFLScience
2512:25 October
2491:2021-10-22
2466:2020-11-14
2407:2010.02214
2400:(1): L20.
2345:: 104965.
2237:: 105060.
2175:: 105060.
2097:1908.02666
1961:1802.00778
1928:2010-01-08
1906:23 January
1853:1811.09632
1846:(1): L10.
1820:2020-11-14
1791:2020-11-14
1732:2007.10339
1725:(2): L24.
1699:2008-12-30
1648:1711.05687
1641:(2): L36.
1571:2010-03-26
1471:1904.07224
1450:2019-09-24
1427:26 October
1296:2305.08915
1136:1904.07224
858:References
609:Candidates
602:Oort Cloud
598:2I/Borisov
580:2I/Borisov
574:2I/Borisov
561:2I/Borisov
546:damocloids
538:frost line
526:Pan-STARRS
444:Machholz 1
371:Amir Siraj
366:Oort cloud
315:solar apex
264:2I/Borisov
163:I numbers,
135:2I/Borisov
42:2I/Borisov
8062:Astronomy
7869:2000â2009
7835:1501â2000
7830:1001â1500
7518:Detection
7483:Red giant
7143:Accretion
7135:evolution
6976:Ice giant
6971:Gas giant
6922:Sub-Earth
6811:Exoplanet
6690:ZhuâBalam
6644:C/2020 F8
6639:C/2012 E2
6634:C/2006 M4
6592:C/2013 A1
6587:C/2007 Q3
6567:PojmaĆski
6555:C/2017 K2
6545:C/2014 Q1
6535:C/2012 K1
6530:C/2011 L4
6520:ʻOumuamua
6510:Nishimura
6498:C/2002 V1
6493:C/2001 Q4
6471:C/2009 R1
6466:C/2006 P1
6444:C/2014 Q2
6439:C/2013 R1
6434:C/2011 W3
6429:C/2007 E2
6417:C/2007 F1
6400:C/2002 T7
6395:C/2001 A2
6385:C/1999 S4
6363:C/2019 U6
6358:C/2018 C2
6353:C/2012 F6
6306:C/1964 N1
6301:C/1963 A1
6291:Hyakutake
6281:Hale-Bopp
6254:C/1999 F1
6239:Bradfield
6214:Beljawsky
6192:(by name)
5635:C/1652 Y1
5590:(notable)
5559:C/2006 P1
5553:9P/Tempel
5529:1P/Halley
5452:Not found
5431:Destroyed
5315:Recovered
5257:238P/Read
5235:166P/NEAT
5199:asteroids
5162:323P/SOHO
5157:322P/SOHO
5137:255P/Levy
5122:246P/NEAT
5117:238P/Read
5092:169P/NEAT
5047:126P/IRAS
4995:(notable)
4914:71P/Clark
4809:50P/Arend
4669:22P/Kopff
4604:9P/Tempel
4599:8P/Tuttle
4564:1P/Halley
4467:C/2014 UN
4437:C/2017 U7
4198:Main-belt
3918:119078436
3865:119474144
3591:Loeb, Avi
3515:21 August
3439:21 August
3426:Loeb, Avi
3376:Space.com
3297:252407502
3223:Space.com
3183:Space.com
3164:201698501
3156:2515-5172
3097:201645069
3089:0094-5765
3057:: 53â55.
3032:210116475
3024:2041-8213
2990:(1): L3.
2965:119198820
2898:1990-3421
2873:0712.1571
2795:218486809
2733:204193392
2624:119051284
2442:222141714
2434:2041-8213
2375:224927095
2367:0032-0633
2320:0004-6361
2271:0032-0633
2209:0032-0633
2124:199472877
1988:119405023
1880:119198820
1767:220665422
1759:2041-8213
1694:Space.com
1385:=42.1219
1347:2397-3366
1072:Vice News
1015:2397-3366
906:189826529
755:ʻOumuamua
518:ʻOumuamua
508:ʻOumuamua
383:C/1980 E1
378:Jupiter.
355:'Oumuamua
319:'Oumuamua
238:Voyager 1
216:Velocity
193:∞
97:exocomets
86:asteroids
7825:501â1000
7805:Heaviest
7785:Extremes
7493:Subgiant
7366:Exocomet
6725:Category
6614:Southern
6461:McNaught
6456:Machholz
6343:Kohoutek
6249:Catalina
6224:Boattini
5547:81P/Wild
5484:34D/Gale
5438:3D/Biela
4964:81P/Wild
4884:65P/Gunn
4874:63P/Wild
4729:34D/Gale
4629:14P/Wolf
4574:3D/Biela
4569:2P/Encke
4545:Periodic
4310:Asteroid
4247:Exocomet
4168:Numbered
4163:Periodic
4120:Antitail
4098:Features
4049:54893830
3769:73656586
3569:Archived
3542:Archived
3410:12 April
3382:12 April
3354:12 April
3197:cite web
2906:16340731
2843:13 March
2565:GeekWire
2296:: A102.
2040:27362518
1675:32684355
1228:15 April
1197:14 April
1166:11 April
1109:11 April
1047:12 April
966:12767774
818:See also
681:preprint
401:STEREO-A
375:Avi Loeb
327:trillion
311:Hercules
173:Overview
58:asteroid
8048:Portals
7800:Largest
7795:Nearest
7498:T Tauri
7394:Orbits
7378:Exomoon
7358:Systems
7072:Planemo
6937:Gaseous
6685:YiâSWAN
6562:Pereyra
6505:NEOWISE
6424:Lovejoy
6370:Leonard
6338:Johnson
6333:Jacques
6328:Iwamoto
6286:Humason
6271:Eclipse
6229:Borisov
6219:Bennett
4579:4P/Faye
4278:Centaur
4261:Related
4242:Extinct
4105:Nucleus
4027:Bibcode
3898:Bibcode
3845:Bibcode
3747:Bibcode
3682:Bibcode
3548:24 July
3275:Bibcode
3134:Bibcode
3069:Bibcode
3002:Bibcode
2943:Bibcode
2878:Bibcode
2773:Bibcode
2747:2020).
2711:Bibcode
2602:Bibcode
2412:Bibcode
2347:Bibcode
2298:Bibcode
2239:Bibcode
2177:Bibcode
2102:Bibcode
2055:Science
2032:8650540
2012:Bibcode
2004:Science
1966:Bibcode
1858:Bibcode
1737:Bibcode
1653:Bibcode
1602:Bibcode
1395:â145127
1387:√
1378:â145127
1103:Inverse
1078:9 April
1041:Twitter
993:Bibcode
946:Bibcode
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