30:
120:
82:, etc.); for many materials and typical conditions, however, these variations are at the percent level or less. Thus, it's especially important to cite the source for an index measurement if precision is required.
2198:
1743:
1582:
1489:
1676:
2135:"High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005,
1800:
89:
with both a real and imaginary part, where the latter indicates the strength of absorption loss at a particular wavelength—thus, the imaginary part is sometimes called the
1583:"Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry"
2165:
1867:
110:
1983:"A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows"
1449:
Shannon, Robert D.; Shannon, Ruth C.; Medenbach, Olaf; Fischer, Reinhard X. (25 October 2002). "Refractive Index and
Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides".
112:. Such losses become particularly significant, for example, in metals at short (e.g. visible) wavelengths, and must be included in any description of the
1742:
French, Roger H.; Rodriguez-Parada, J. M.; Yang, M. K.; et al. (2009). "Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems".
2074:
1764:
1565:
1388:
1330:
1267:
2094:
2356:
2365:
1217:
2140:
1654:
175:
1346:
Meyrowitz, R, A compilation and classification of immersion media of high index of refraction, American
Mineralogist 40: 398 (1955)
2360:
1807:
2380:
2172:
1832:
Patel, S; Marshall, J; Fitzke, FW 3rd. (March–April 1995). "Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma".
2199:"Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2}"
1716:
1357:
1883:"Visible to near-infrared refractive properties of freshly-excised human-liver tissues: marking hepatic malignancies"
2254:
2390:
1630:
952:
2059:
Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and
Applications; Chapter 8: Optical Properties
879:
2090:
670:
1157:
1938:
Giannios, P; al, et (2016). "Complex refractive index of normal and malignant human colorectal tissue".
1861:
1171:
1538:
1490:"Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate"
194:
2341:
2213:
1994:
1894:
1597:
1458:
982:
926:
779:
311:
123:
Refraction, critical angle and total internal reflection of light at the interface between two media.
2102:
171:
48:
2346:
2057:
Gonçalves, Carla M. B.; Coutinho, Joa˜o A. P.; Marrucho, Isabel M. (2010). "Optical
Properties".
1963:
1770:
1512:
1207:
824:
515:
500:
259:
1427:
2229:
2136:
2070:
1955:
1920:
1849:
1760:
1561:
1384:
1326:
1263:
1080:
746:
629:
17:
2221:
2062:
2032:
2012:
2002:
1947:
1910:
1902:
1841:
1752:
1691:
1605:
1504:
1466:
465:
281:
267:
113:
90:
75:
52:
40:
2385:
1212:
1118:
806:
599:
545:
449:
2151:
C. R. Garcia, J. Correa, D. Espalin, J. H. Barton, R. C. Rumpf, R. Wicker, V. Gonzalez, "
2123:
2217:
1998:
1898:
1601:
1462:
29:
1915:
1882:
1285:
1066:
715:
209:
95:
86:
1404:
2374:
2152:
1304:
1052:
967:
839:
585:
1774:
1516:
119:
1967:
1485:
560:
326:
1845:
1345:
1024:
996:
909:
67:
1609:
2066:
2007:
1982:
1756:
1099:
56:
2225:
1720:
2331:
1185:
60:
44:
2326:
2233:
2017:
1959:
1951:
1924:
51:. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet"
2255:"Table of Refractive Indices and Double Refraction of Selected Gems - IGS"
1853:
2301:
1114:
1038:
853:
644:
342:
239:
71:
2279:
1508:
1142:
1010:
485:
402:
372:
356:
296:
1906:
1695:
1470:
894:
700:
469:
263:
224:
157:
79:
820:
730:
685:
614:
564:
530:
386:
118:
28:
1321:
Pedrotti, Frank L.; Pedrotti, Leno M.; Pedrotti, Leno S. (2007).
763:
2327:
International
Association for the Properties of Water and Steam
78:, etc., as well on precise material compositions (presence of
2352:
Luxpop: Index of refraction values and photonics calculations
2336:
2197:
French, Roger H.; Glass, S.; Ohuchi, F.; et al. (1994).
1677:"Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers"
1383:(82nd ed.). Cleveland, OH: The Chemical Rubber Company.
2351:
1745:
2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic
Specialists Conference (PVSC)
1631:"Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-72 Product Information"
98:
1981:Wright, S.F.; Zadrazil, I.; Markides, C.N. (2017).
1806:. A/S S. Frederiksen. 3 August 2005. Archived from
1213:
Corrective lens#Ophthalmic material property tables
43:, but these indices often depend strongly upon the
1303:
1284:
104:
1581:Tan, G; Lemon, M.; Jones, D.; French, R. (2005).
1539:"Optical constants of Ta2O5 (Tantalum pentoxide)"
1287:Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics
1258:Zajac, Alfred; Hecht, Eugene (18 March 2003).
1719:. AGCCE Chemicals Europe, Ltd. Archived from
1556:Serway, Raymond A.; Faughn, Jerry S. (2003).
8:
1405:"Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Optical properties"
1866:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1795:
1793:
1791:
131:
2016:
2006:
1914:
1358:"Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Media"
97:
39:Many materials have a well-characterized
2153:3D Printing of Anisotropic Metamaterials
2099:Materials Teaching Educational Resources
85:In general, an index of refraction is a
2347:Hyperphysics list of refractive indices
2155:," PIER Lett, Vol. 34, pp. 75–82, 2012.
1253:
1229:
2366:List of Refractive Indices of Solvents
1859:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1325:. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 221.
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
134:Some representative refractive indices
66:There are also weaker dependencies on
1381:CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry
1323:Introduction to Optics, Third Edition
7:
2124:Index Of Refraction Of Vegetable Oil
2332:Ioffe institute, Russian Federation
1218:Optical properties of water and ice
2038:(Product Information). Dow Corning
25:
1801:"Manual for Sugar Solution Prism"
1684:Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography
1379:Lide, David R. Lide, ed. (2001).
1306:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
2361:National Physical Laboratory, UK
2101:. MATTER Project. Archived from
1310:. Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.
1291:. McGraw-Hill Book Company, INC.
1717:"CYTOP Amorphous Fluoropolymer"
2171:. Saint Gobain. Archived from
762:Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (
1:
1846:10.3928/1081-597X-19950301-09
431:60% glucose solution in water
418:20% glucose solution in water
189:Gases at 0 °C and 1 atm
18:List of indices of refraction
1881:Giannios, P; et, al (2016).
1560:. Brooks/Cole. p. 692.
1558:College Physics, 6th Edition
1537:Polyanskiy, Mikhail (2018).
1302:Hodgman, Charles D. (1957).
1262:. Pearson Higher Education.
138:
2095:"Absolute Refractive Index"
1497:Zeitschrift für Metallkunde
567:, also called fused quartz)
444:Solids at room temperature
2407:
1751:. pp. 000394–000399.
1675:Yang, Min K. (July 2008).
1610:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117
1484:Frye, Asa; French, R. H.;
953:Polyethylene terephthalate
2259:International Gem Society
2067:10.1002/9780470649848.ch8
2008:10.1007/s00348-017-2386-y
1757:10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657
1543:Refractive Index Database
1436:Refractive Index Database
1428:"Optical constants of TiO
880:Poly(methyl methacrylate)
579:
443:
253:
188:
2342:Jena University, Germany
2337:Crystran, United Kingdom
2226:10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133
2033:"184 Silicone Elastomer"
1451:J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
2126:, The Physics Factbook.
2091:University of Liverpool
1426:Polyanskiy, Mikhail N.
1283:Morgan, Joseph (1953).
671:Polytetrafluoroethylene
33:Refraction at interface
2166:"Combat Boron Nitride"
1952:10.1002/jbio.201600001
1158:Gallium(III) phosphide
254:Liquids at 20 °C
124:
106:
91:extinction coefficient
34:
2381:Physics-related lists
1987:Experiments in Fluids
1172:Gallium(III) arsenide
452:(moissanite; 6H form)
146:Refractive index no.
122:
107:
32:
2357:Kaye and Laby Online
1363:. Gelest, Inc. 1998.
1025:Flint glass (impure)
983:Crown glass (impure)
780:polydimethylsiloxane
312:Carbon tetrachloride
96:
2218:1994PhRvB..49.5133F
2178:on 18 February 2015
1999:2017ExFl...58..108W
1899:2016NatSR...627910G
1602:2005PhRvB..72t5117T
1463:2002JPCRD..31..931S
1432:(Titanium dioxide)"
1260:Optics, Fourth Edit
867:Sugar solution, 75%
794:Sugar solution, 50%
136:
2105:on 12 October 2007
1509:10.3139/146.030226
1208:Sellmeier equation
997:Flint glass (pure)
927:Crown glass (pure)
825:borosilicate glass
602:(Fluorinert FC-72)
516:Tantalum pentoxide
501:Strontium titanate
260:Arsenic trisulfide
132:
125:
102:
49:optical dispersion
47:of light, causing
35:
2391:Optical materials
2206:Physical Review B
2076:978-0-470-64984-8
1907:10.1038/srep27910
1766:978-1-4244-2949-3
1723:on 24 August 2010
1696:10.1117/1.2965541
1590:Physical Review B
1567:978-0-03-035114-3
1471:10.1063/1.1497384
1407:. Ioffe Institute
1390:978-0-8493-0482-8
1332:978-0-13-149933-1
1269:978-0-321-18878-6
1199:
1198:
1081:Potassium niobate
747:Intestinal mucosa
708:1.373/1.380/1.401
405:solution in water
164:1 (by definition)
105:{\displaystyle k}
16:(Redirected from
2398:
2359:Provided by the
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2313:
2311:
2309:
2298:
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2240:
2212:(8): 5133–5142.
2203:
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2010:
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1309:
1299:
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1290:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
580:Other materials
563:(a pure form of
466:Titanium dioxide
282:Carbon disulfide
268:methylene iodide
140:Name of material
137:
114:refractive index
111:
109:
108:
103:
41:refractive index
21:
2406:
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1980:
1979:
1975:
1940:J. Biophotonics
1937:
1936:
1932:
1880:
1879:
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1858:
1831:
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1814:
1813:on 3 March 2016
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1204:
1136:
1132:
1129:Birefringent: n
1119:mercury sulfide
1086:
807:Polylactic acid
600:Perfluorohexane
546:Sodium chloride
450:Silicon carbide
359:(ethyl alcohol)
130:
94:
93:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2322:
2321:External links
2319:
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2304:. Pmoptics.com
2293:
2282:. Pmoptics.com
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2246:
2189:
2157:
2144:
2128:
2116:
2082:
2075:
2061:. p. 97.
2049:
2024:
1973:
1946:(2): 303–310.
1930:
1873:
1840:(2): 100–105.
1834:J Refract Surg
1824:
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1765:
1734:
1708:
1667:
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1622:
1596:(20): 205117.
1573:
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1486:Bonnell, D. A.
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1457:(4): 931–970.
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87:complex number
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2141:1-57498-225-7
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1926:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1735:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1690:(3): 033010.
1689:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1422:
1419:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1053:Boron nitride
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
986:
984:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
969:
968:Polycarbonate
966:
965:
962:
959:
957:
954:
951:
950:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
932:
930:
928:
925:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
908:
907:
904:
901:
899:
896:
893:
892:
889:
887:1.4893–1.4899
886:
884:
881:
878:
877:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
845:
843:
841:
840:Vegetable oil
838:
837:
834:
831:
829:
826:
822:
819:
818:
815:
812:
810:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
778:Sylgard 184 (
777:
776:
773:
770:
768:
765:
761:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
728:
725:
722:
720:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
705:
702:
699:
698:
695:
692:
690:
688:solution, 25%
687:
684:
683:
680:
677:
675:
672:
669:
668:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
648:
646:
643:
642:
639:
636:
634:
631:
628:
627:
624:
621:
619:
616:
613:
612:
609:
606:
604:
601:
598:
597:
594:
591:
589:
587:
586:Liquid helium
584:
583:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
558:
555:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
540:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
467:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
400:
399:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
378:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
354:
351:
348:
346:
344:
341:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
276:
273:
271:
269:
265:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
187:
184:
181:
179:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
161:
159:
156:
155:
151:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
127:
121:
117:
115:
99:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
62:
58:
54:
53:sodium D line
50:
46:
42:
37:
31:
27:
19:
2306:. Retrieved
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2274:
2262:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2209:
2205:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2160:
2147:
2131:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2098:
2085:
2058:
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2027:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1893:(1): 27910.
1890:
1886:
1876:
1862:cite journal
1837:
1833:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1808:the original
1778:. Retrieved
1744:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1687:
1683:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1593:
1589:
1576:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1500:
1496:
1479:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1399:
1380:
1352:
1341:
1322:
1316:
1305:
1297:
1286:
1278:
1259:
1190:3000 - 16000
920:
561:Fused silica
327:Silicone oil
147:
133:
84:
65:
38:
36:
26:
2302:"Germanium"
2042:11 December
1655:"Teflon AF"
1147:1200 - 8500
1045:1.762–1.778
1031:1.523–1.925
989:1.485–1.755
910:Plate glass
897:(rock salt)
755:1.329–1.338
723:1.386–1.406
632:(Teflon AF)
335:1.393–1.403
68:temperature
59:(λ) of 589
2375:Categories
2264:22 January
2109:18 October
1993:(9): 108.
1727:14 October
1660:14 October
1503:(3): 226.
1224:References
1100:Zinc oxide
152:Reference
61:nanometers
57:wavelength
2308:21 August
2286:21 August
2280:"Silicon"
1186:Germanium
1150:3.42–3.48
1133:= 2.905 n
1073:2.15–2.18
1003:1.60–1.62
933:1.50–1.54
678:1.35–1.38
55:, with a
45:frequency
2234:10011463
1960:27091794
1925:27297034
1887:Sci. Rep
1817:21 March
1775:14598733
1517:11729057
1488:(2003).
1202:See also
1193:4.05–4.1
1137:= 3.256
1115:Cinnabar
1039:Sapphire
854:Glycerol
673:(Teflon)
645:Cryolite
343:Kerosene
247:1.000132
240:Hydrogen
232:1.000036
202:1.000293
182:1.000273
72:pressure
2239:11 July
2214:Bibcode
2182:12 June
1995:Bibcode
1968:9636490
1916:4906272
1895:Bibcode
1854:7634138
1780:11 July
1701:11 July
1615:11 July
1598:Bibcode
1522:11 July
1459:Bibcode
1143:Silicon
1011:Bromine
749:(human)
733:(human)
718:(human)
703:(human)
630:TFE/PDD
486:Diamond
403:glucose
373:Acetone
357:Ethanol
297:Benzene
217:1.00045
80:dopants
2386:Optics
2232:
2139:
2073:
1966:
1958:
1923:
1913:
1852:
1773:
1763:
1564:
1515:
1411:6 June
1387:
1329:
1266:
1059:2–2.14
960:1.5750
895:Halite
882:(PMMA)
872:1.4774
860:1.4729
799:1.4200
787:1.4118
701:Cornea
693:1.3723
570:589.29
550:589.29
535:589.29
520:589.29
505:589.29
490:589.29
475:589.29
472:phase)
470:rutile
455:589.29
437:1.4394
434:589.29
424:1.3635
421:589.29
411:1.3477
408:589.29
391:589.29
362:589.29
332:589.29
316:589.29
301:589.29
286:589.29
264:sulfur
244:589.29
229:589.29
225:Helium
214:589.29
199:589.29
158:Vacuum
143:λ (nm)
76:stress
2202:(PDF)
2176:(PDF)
2169:(PDF)
2036:(PDF)
1964:S2CID
1811:(PDF)
1804:(PDF)
1771:S2CID
1749:(PDF)
1680:(PDF)
1639:1 May
1634:(PDF)
1586:(PDF)
1513:S2CID
1493:(PDF)
1361:(PDF)
1178:3.927
1083:(KNbO
1017:1.661
955:(PET)
902:1.516
832:1.470
821:Pyrex
771:1.403
739:1.369
731:Liver
686:Sugar
658:Cytop
651:1.338
637:1.315
615:Water
607:1.251
592:1.025
573:1.458
565:glass
553:1.544
531:Amber
493:2.417
478:2.614
394:1.333
387:Water
365:1.361
319:1.461
304:1.501
289:1.628
2310:2014
2288:2014
2266:2020
2241:2014
2230:PMID
2184:2016
2137:ISBN
2111:2007
2071:ISBN
2044:2012
1956:PMID
1921:PMID
1868:link
1850:PMID
1819:2012
1782:2014
1761:ISBN
1729:2010
1703:2014
1662:2010
1641:2017
1617:2014
1562:ISBN
1524:2014
1413:2009
1385:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1126:3.02
1092:2.28
975:1.60
945:1.57
940:PETg
917:1.52
846:1.47
813:1.46
764:ETFE
716:Lens
663:1.34
622:1.31
538:1.55
523:2.15
508:2.41
458:2.65
401:10%
379:1.36
349:1.39
329:(nD)
262:and
128:List
2222:doi
2063:doi
2013:hdl
2003:doi
1948:doi
1911:PMC
1903:doi
1842:doi
1753:doi
1692:doi
1606:doi
1505:doi
1467:doi
1164:3.5
1107:2.4
1104:390
972:150
823:(a
752:964
736:964
617:ice
274:1.9
266:in
195:Air
176:STP
174:at
172:Air
2377::
2257:.
2228:.
2220:.
2210:49
2208:.
2204:.
2097:.
2093:.
2069:.
2011:.
2001:.
1991:58
1989:.
1985:.
1962:.
1954:.
1944:10
1942:.
1919:.
1909:.
1901:.
1889:.
1885:.
1864:}}
1860:{{
1848:.
1838:11
1836:.
1790:^
1769:.
1759:.
1686:.
1682:.
1604:.
1594:72
1592:.
1588:.
1541:.
1511:.
1501:94
1499:.
1495:.
1465:.
1455:31
1453:.
1434:.
1369:^
1232:^
116:.
70:,
63:.
2312:.
2290:.
2268:.
2243:.
2224::
2216::
2186:.
2113:.
2079:.
2065::
2046:.
2021:.
2015::
2005::
1997::
1970:.
1950::
1927:.
1905::
1897::
1891:6
1870:)
1856:.
1844::
1821:.
1784:.
1755::
1731:.
1705:.
1694::
1688:7
1664:.
1643:.
1619:.
1608::
1600::
1570:.
1545:.
1526:.
1507::
1473:.
1469::
1461::
1438:.
1430:2
1415:.
1393:.
1335:.
1272:.
1135:ε
1131:ω
1121:)
1117:(
1087:)
1085:3
827:)
782:)
766:)
468:(
148:n
100:k
74:/
20:)
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