19:
30:. The functional appliances can be divided into fixed and removable. The fixed functional appliances have to be bonded to the teeth by an orthodontist. A removable functional appliance does not need to be bonded on the teeth and can be removed by the patient. A removable appliance is usually used by patients who have high degree of compliance with their orthodontic treatment. Fixed appliances are able to produce very accurate movement in the teeth
401:, both of these components are passive in nature. Labial bow is a wire attached to the baseplate which goes around the incisor teeth to provide retention of those teeth. Labial bow usually have U-Loops at the end to allow it to activate more. Adams clasps are used for retention of these removable appliances and are usually fabricated in the molar areas. They are usually manufactured from 0.7mm hard
405:
wire (HSSW), or 0.6mm HSSW when planned for deciduous teeth. Removal of the appliance is usually performed by holding the bridge of this clasp. Other clasps that are usually used are C clasps on canines, Southend Clasp (on anteriors), Ball-ended clasp (primarily for use with the Twin Block system in
412:
of removable appliances include springs which provides light forces on a tooth to move it orthodontically. Components such as
Palatal Finger Springs, Buccal Canine Retractor, Z-Spring, T-Spring, Coffin Spring, Active Labial Bows (Mill's Bow or Roberts retractor), Screws and Elastics are all
36:
In the
Anterior-Posterior dimension, appliances such as Class II and Class III are used. Appliances used in transverse dimension are utilized to expand either the maxillary or the mandibular arch. Appliances used in the vertical dimension are used to correct open or deep bite.
413:
considered to be active components of the removable functional appliances. If a spring is moving one tooth it is made of 0.5mm thick stainless steel wire. The thickness increases to 0.6 or 0.7mm wire if it is to move more teeth or a larger/multi rooted tooth.
57:
is credited with being the first person who studied the effects of functional forces on
Orthodontics in 1883. His workings were then used by other dentists studying dental orthopaedics. His teachings became known as
393:
Some of the components of removal appliances are retentive in nature. They are usually connecting by an acrylic component known as baseplate. The majority of the appliances include components such as
1580:
429:
Coffin Spring - This spring is used for expansion and can be substituted instead of a screw in an expansion device. They apply heavy forces and is activated by flattening the spring.
78:. This was the first functional appliance to be widely accepted, especially in Europe. This appliance became the "Norwegian" system of treatment in Orthodontics in the early 1900s.
53:
was the first person to show "jumping the bite" by using an anterior bite plate. Hotz then developed the
Vorbissplate which was a modification of Kingsley's plate.
70:
in 1902 and is considered to be one of the first functional appliances in
Orthodontics. The Monobloc was a modification of Ottolengui's removable plate. In 1908,
705:
1155:
45:
It is important to note that initially dento-facial
Orthopaedics was mainly done in Europe. The United States was introduced to Fixed Orthodontics by
1563:
1558:
33:
Both fixed and removable functional appliances can be used to correct a malocclusion in three planes: Anterior-Posterior, Vertical and
Transverse.
821:
1548:
1533:
751:
727:
1632:
1627:
1538:
869:
793:"Luther, F. A. & Nelson-Moon, Z. A. Removable orthodontic appliances and retainers : principles of design and use"
775:"Luther, F. A. & Nelson-Moon, Z. A. Removable orthodontic appliances and retainers : principles of design and use"
766:"Luther, F. A. & Nelson-Moon, Z. A. Removable orthodontic appliances and retainers : principles of design and use"
1292:
706:
https://www.bos.org.uk/Public-Patients/Orthodontics-for-Children-Teens/Treatment-brace-types/Fixed-appliances/Conventional
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1001:
784:" Fleming, P. S. E. & Lee, R. C. T. E. Orthodontic Functional Appliances: Theory and Practice."
669:
473:
262:
90:
75:
71:
1502:
1442:
1437:
1071:
859:
650:
86:
420:
Buccal Canine
Retractor - These springs are used to bring a buccally placed canine more lingual.
63:
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110:
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244:
82:
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26:
This is a comprehensive list of functional appliances that are used in the field of
1497:
1387:
1322:
1302:
1242:
1227:
1031:
1011:
965:
879:
874:
854:
830:
417:
Palatal Finger Spring - These springs are used to move teeth buccally or lingually.
118:
114:
54:
46:
27:
109:
in 1944 in order to aid the orthodontic treatment during the finishing stage. The
1447:
1397:
1372:
1287:
945:
1367:
1135:
1086:
1036:
1026:
191:
1096:
925:
97:
modified
Andersen's Activator appliance and gave the new appliance the name
490:
Occlus-o-Guide®, Nite-Guide®, and Ortho-T® preformed activators/positioners
910:
101:, which was designed to produce forward positioning of the mandible. The
89:. This appliance did not go through much evolution until the 1970s when
1201:
1196:
915:
17:
423:
Z-Spring - This spring is used to move one or two teeth labially
803:
799:
1581:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
516:
Expansion and labial segment alignment appliance (ELSAA)
426:
T-Spring - This spring is used to move teeth labially.
338:
Carriere® Motion™ Appliance for Class III Correction
1599:
1573:
1526:
1220:
1169:
1120:
984:
903:
837:
319:
Fixed Lingual Mandibular Growth Modificator (FLMGM)
66:later expanded upon. The Monobloc was developed by
202:Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (MARA)
718:Graber, T. M.; Swain, B. F., eds. (1984-12-01).
720:Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques
158:CD Distalizer Nance Appliance with Coil Springs
575:Acrylic Cervical Occipital Anchorage Appliance
179:Greenfield Molar Distalizer (Piston Appliance)
815:
561:PAM - Guias Póstero-Anterior Marinho (Brasil)
543:PAM - Guias Póstero-Anterior Marinho (Brasil)
519:PAM - Guias Póstero-Anterior Marinho (Brasil)
8:
638:Full Contact Splint with Anterior Guidance
822:
808:
800:
117:in 1957 for treatment of Class I, II, III
1564:Society for Orthodontic Dental Technology
1559:Italian Academy of Orthodontic Technology
1047:List of orthodontic functional appliances
22:Upper and Lower Jaw Functional Expanders
697:
406:the lower anteriors) and Plint clasp.
182:Intraoral Body Molar Distalizer (IBMD)
93:revived interest in it. In the 1950s,
1549:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
1534:American Association of Orthodontists
7:
580:Removable Molar distalization splint
465:Anterior Inclined Bite Plate (AIBP)
231:Wilson's Bimetric Distalizing Arch
219:Simplified Molar Distalizer (FROG)
14:
746:(5 ed.). Mosby. 2012-04-16.
585:Orthodontic/Deprogramming Splints
332:Modified Tandem Appliances (MTA)
132:that he developed in the 1950s.
599:Maxillary Anterior Deprogrammer
478:Split Activator (Bow activator)
121:. William Clark also developed
1539:American Board of Orthodontics
249:MiniscopeTM Telescoping Herbst
1:
1293:Harold Chapman (Orthodontist)
976:Temperomandibular dysfunction
744:Contemporary Orthodontics, 5e
593:Superior Repositioning Splint
535:Eganhouse Class III Appliance
369:Vertical Dimension appliances
885:Standard anatomical position
865:Failure of eruption of teeth
629:"B" Splint (Wilkerson Style)
564:Simões Network - SN (Brasil)
546:Simões Network - SN (Brasil)
525:Simões Network - SN (Brasil)
484:Harvold - Woodside Activator
270:Carriere Motion 3D Appliance
1607:Angle School of Orthodontia
1544:British Orthodontic Society
870:Little's Irregularity Index
617:Tanner Repositioning Splint
522:Propulsor de Rossi (Brasil)
1649:
1554:Indian Orthodontic Society
1348:John Hooper (Orthodontist)
623:Flat Occlusal Plane Splint
285:Magnetic Telescopic Device
228:Vertical Holding Appliance
1052:List of palatal expanders
665:List of palatal expanders
487:Herren's Activator (1953)
377:Modified Thurow Appliance
273:Twin Force Bite Corrector
81:In addition, in 1905 the
1463:Frederick Lester Stanton
1146:Intrusion (orthodontics)
1128:Anchorage (orthodontics)
569:Distalization Appliances
511:Medium Opening Activator
356:Mesialization appliances
141:Distalization appliances
125:in 1978 which resembled
1633:Dentistry-related lists
1591:Journal of Orthodontics
1141:Interproximal reduction
1077:Palatal lift prosthesis
722:(2nd ed.). Mosby.
205:Molar Distalization Bow
51:Norman William Kingsley
1628:Orthodontic appliances
1586:The Angle Orthodontist
1067:Orthodontic technology
941:Bimaxillary Protrusion
850:Cephalometric analysis
682:or lower jaw expansion
481:Eschler's Modification
282:Scandee Tubular Jumper
216:P-Rax Molar Distalizer
208:Multi-Distalizing Arch
68:Pierre Robin (surgeon)
23:
1418:Frederick Bogue Noyes
686:Functional_appliances
551:Transverse Appliances
252:Malu Herbst Appliance
176:First Class Appliance
21:
1468:Earl Emanuel Shepard
1221:Notable contributors
1132:Cantilever mechanics
1112:Twin Block Appliance
1102:Self-ligating braces
961:Condylar hyperplasia
956:Maxillary hypoplasia
680:Mandibular expansion
632:Cranham Deprogrammer
614:Modified Gelb Splint
602:Maxillary Flat Plane
530:Class III Appliances
469:Schwarz Double Plate
440:Twin-Block Appliance
384:Removable Appliances
351:Rapid Molar Intruder
346:Intrusion appliances
335:Class III Tandem Bow
324:Class III appliances
279:Klapper Super Spring
127:Artur Martin Schwarz
123:Twin Block Appliance
103:Positioner Appliance
1318:John Nutting Farrar
1278:Charles J. Burstone
1268:Holly Broadbent Sr.
1151:Molar distalization
1002:Activator appliance
670:Molar distalization
620:Pull Forward Splint
474:Activator appliance
450:Mono-Bloc Appliance
434:Class II Appliances
241:Amoric Torsion Coil
236:Class II appliances
225:Veltri's Distalizer
173:Fast Back Appliance
76:Activator appliance
1503:Robert M. Ricketts
1443:Alfred Paul Rogers
1438:Robert M. Ricketts
1072:Orthodontic spacer
860:Dentition analysis
310:Biopedic Appliance
289:Bionator Appliance
212:Pendulum appliance
164:Crickett Appliance
161:Carriere Motion 3D
152:Barrel Fixed 3-Way
113:were developed by
99:Bionator Appliance
85:was introduced by
24:
1615:
1614:
1493:Edmund H. Wuerpel
1428:Herbert A. Pullen
1413:Dean Harold Noyes
1408:George Northcroft
1383:James A. McNamara
1338:Charles A. Hawley
1263:Charles B. Bolton
1248:Hans Peter Bimler
1161:Serial extraction
1022:Frankel appliance
675:Palatal expansion
644:Brucia/FACE Style
635:Kois Deprogrammer
626:Mini Deprogrammer
557:Frankel I, II, IV
508:Schwarz Activator
458:Dynamax Appliance
410:Active components
374:Thurow Appliance
304:Ventral Telescope
111:Frankel appliance
105:was developed by
1640:
1483:Charles H. Tweed
1473:Cecil C. Steiner
1333:Thomas M. Graber
1313:William B. Downs
1308:Terry Dischinger
1238:Clifford Ballard
1233:Spencer Atkinson
1107:Splint activator
1082:Palatal expander
1042:Herbst Appliance
824:
817:
810:
801:
794:
791:
785:
782:
776:
773:
767:
764:
758:
757:
740:
734:
733:
715:
709:
702:
611:Gelb Splint/MORA
496:Klammt Activator
316:BioBiteCorrector
300:Forsus Appliance
245:Herbst Appliance
196:K Loop Appliance
167:Crozat Appliance
149:Pasin-Pin-System
146:"New" Distalizer
136:Fixed appliances
83:Herbst Appliance
1648:
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1569:
1522:
1518:C. Philip Adams
1478:David L. Turpin
1453:Everett Shapiro
1433:Earl W. Renfroe
1423:Albin Oppenheim
1273:Allan G. Brodie
1216:
1212:Dental elastics
1187:Stainless steel
1182:Nickel titanium
1165:
1116:
980:
971:Mouth breathing
931:Dental crowding
899:
890:Tooth ankylosis
845:Bolton analysis
833:
828:
798:
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792:
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587:
571:
553:
532:
436:
403:stainless steel
391:
386:
371:
364:T Bar Appliance
358:
348:
326:
238:
199:Lokar Appliance
192:Korn Lip Bumper
143:
138:
60:Roux Hypothesis
43:
12:
11:
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1403:Ravindra Nanda
1400:
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1363:Albert Ketcham
1360:
1358:Harold Kesling
1355:
1353:Joseph Jarabak
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1298:David Di Biase
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1283:Peter Buschang
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1057:Lingual braces
1054:
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994:
992:ACCO appliance
988:
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936:Dental spacing
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605:Stack Bionator
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258:MARA Appliance
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107:Harold Kesling
95:Wilhem Balters
74:developed the
72:Viggo Andersen
42:
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1527:Organizations
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1513:Häns Pancherz
1511:
1509:
1508:Kevin O'Brien
1506:
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1488:Katherine Vig
1486:
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1458:L. F. Andrews
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1393:Robert Moyers
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1378:Benno Lischer
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1343:Reed Holdaway
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1328:Sheldon Friel
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1253:Samir Bishara
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1177:Beta-titanium
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951:Retrognathism
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927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
906:
902:
896:
895:Tongue thrust
893:
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876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
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848:
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840:
836:
832:
825:
820:
818:
813:
811:
806:
805:
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790:
787:
781:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
755:
753:9780323083171
749:
745:
739:
736:
731:
729:9780801619663
725:
721:
714:
711:
707:
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668:
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658:
652:
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637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
596:Farrar Splint
595:
592:
590:Dorsal Splint
589:
588:
584:
579:
576:
573:
572:
568:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
550:
545:
542:
540:
537:
534:
533:
529:
524:
521:
518:
515:
510:
507:
504:
502:LSU Activator
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
476:
475:
472:
470:
467:
464:
461:
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428:
425:
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355:
350:
349:
345:
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337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
323:
318:
315:
312:
309:
307:IST Appliance
306:
303:
301:
298:
295:
292:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
276:Churro Jumper
275:
272:
269:
267:Eureka Spring
266:
264:
263:Jasper Jumper
261:
259:
256:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
240:
239:
235:
230:
227:
224:
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169:
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157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
140:
135:
133:
131:
130:double plates
128:
124:
120:
119:Malocclusions
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:Hans Pancherz
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
40:
38:
34:
31:
29:
20:
16:
1498:Won-Sik Yang
1388:Birte Melsen
1323:Rolf Frankel
1303:Jean Delaire
1243:Raymond Begg
1228:Edward Angle
1046:
1032:Lingual arch
1012:Damon system
966:Overeruption
880:Scissor bite
875:Malocclusion
855:Cephalometry
831:Orthodontics
789:
780:
771:
762:
743:
738:
719:
713:
700:
647:Dawson Style
641:Pankey Style
499:LM-Activator
409:
408:
398:
394:
392:
313:LM-Activator
296:PowerScope 2
293:Higgins Xbow
188:Keles Slider
115:Rolf Frankel
80:
55:Wilhelm Roux
47:Edward Angle
44:
35:
32:
28:orthodontics
25:
15:
1600:Institution
1448:Ronald Roth
1398:Hayes Nance
1373:Craven Kurz
1288:Calvin Case
946:Prognathism
651:Spear Style
608:Luco Splint
539:Frankel III
505:V-Activator
493:H-Activator
462:R-Appliance
399:Adams Clasp
87:Emil Herbst
1622:Categories
1368:Juri Kurol
1258:Arne Björk
1136:Fiberotomy
1121:Procedures
1087:Quad helix
1037:Lip bumper
1027:Invisalign
985:Appliances
904:Conditions
692:References
454:Rickonator
445:Frankel II
395:Labial Bow
389:Components
361:Mesial Jet
170:Distal Jet
155:Beneslider
64:Karl Haupl
1566:(Germany)
1207:Composite
1170:Materials
1097:SureSmile
926:Crossbite
921:Open bite
838:Diagnosis
341:Face Mask
329:Quick Fix
185:Jones Jig
1574:Journals
1192:TiMolium
1092:Retainer
1062:Headgear
1017:Elastics
997:Archwire
911:Overbite
659:See also
62:, which
1202:Ceramic
1197:Elgiloy
916:Overjet
41:History
1007:Braces
750:
726:
577:(ACCO)
1156:SARPE
222:T-Rex
748:ISBN
724:ISBN
397:and
1624::
49:.
823:e
816:t
809:v
756:.
732:.
708:"
704:"
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