1355:(a bowed instrument played as an accompaniment to narrative songs and considered to be the national instrument of the Baloch) among the educated classes, there seems to be no future for the oral tradition in Balochistan.
2214:
776:
90:
2188:
70:
1731:
377:
Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin
2149:
1842:
50:
1992:
1558:
922:
von
Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann".
1084:
Andersson, Otto (October–December 1911). "On
Violinists and Dance-Tunes among the Swedish Country-Population in Finland towards the Middle of the Nineteenth Century".
1535:
1409:
1185:, Lisbon 1999, is the first monograph on this national instrument's origins and historical evolution, iconography, organological study and repertoire.
142:
1285:
a newly developed resonator design pioneered by the Gibson
Company with arched top and back boards with f-shaped soundholes, like violin resonators
114:
1160:
598:
Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, the types belonging to this category have a flat, carved, or canted soundboard and flat or carved back
1197:
576:
Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, 4 courses/8 strings or 5 courses/10 strings or 6 courses/12 strings. Flat soundboard and flatback.
1455:
1020:
964:
1446:
Cooper, Mike (2000). "Hawaii: Steel and Slide Hula Baloos". In
Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; McConnachie, James; Duane, Orla (eds.).
1347:
Notwithstanding the emergence of a strong nationalistic feeling among the Baloch population both in Iran and
Pakistan, the existence of
989:
2193:
2219:
95:
1592:
1528:
1544:
560:
1521:
1373:
713:
1417:
169:
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on the method used to cause the strings to vibrate.
2100:
1111:
418:
1168:
2165:
340:
2031:
1205:
369:
332:
305:
1028:
511:
with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow
78:
and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
1651:
1390:
1298:
1247:
1093:
1051:
939:
354:
and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings (ten, in five courses of two)
317:
147:
119:
1269:
2126:
2088:
1464:
1451:
960:
806:
761:
695:
475:
468:
313:
59:
462:
Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides
146:: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (
2114:
1569:
1499:
1382:
1336:
1239:
931:
865:
548:
544:
227:
21:
997:
2120:
1700:
1687:
746:
635:
499:
392:
1434:
is the national instrument of Cuba, and at first glance you'd probably call it a guitar.
2159:
2106:
887:
810:
802:
564:
552:
284:
2208:
1910:
1724:
1623:
1230:
Bjorndal, Arne (1956). "The
Hardanger Fiddle: The Tradition, Music Forms and Style".
953:
721:
661:
556:
2144:
2011:
1916:
1757:
1608:
298:
An Irish variant of the Greek bouzouki, with a flat rather than bowl-shaped back
2094:
1893:
1879:
1866:
1837:
1751:
1672:
1662:
627:
490:
426:
Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked
400:
204:
55:
620:
Fretted guitar-shaped musical instrument with four strings, tuned diatonically
94:: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table (
1947:
1763:
858:
756:
1503:
1987:
1972:
1677:
1553:
384:
263:
154:
321.322 : Instrument whose body is shaped like a box (necked box lutes)
75:
54:: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (
1513:
1341:
1324:
1132:
There was great admiration for his virtuosity on their national instrument
2173:
1941:
1871:
900:
583:
348:
Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the
Spanish
189:
1490:
Gill, Donald (October 1981). "Vihuelas, Violas and the
Spanish Guitar".
1784:
1256:
In Norway, the national instrument has come to be the
Hardanger fiddle.
790:
738:
675:
568:
536:
517:
1394:
1251:
1097:
943:
903:, common in Northern China, and a variety with a longer neck found in
2080:
1855:
904:
879:
841:
729:
703:
670:
644:
612:
508:
450:
432:
361:
325:
Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings
706:-like instrument with a neck and four courses of three strings each
1386:
1243:
935:
732:-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each
2071:
1634:
1367:
Pinnell, Richard; Zuluaga, David Puerta (Autumn 1993). "Review of
1167:. Instituto Cultural do Governo da R.A.E. de Macau. Archived from
686:
653:
410:
350:
277:
Flatback bandurria is box lute. Roundback bandurria is bowl lute.
483:
Fretted 12-stringed (in 6 courses) instrument with a hollow body
1958:
1935:
1218:
The
Hardanger fiddle is considered Norway's national instrument.
896:
824:
1517:
1119:
1470:
1478:) and before long the (ukulele) became a national instrument.
1351:(professional singers of verse narratives), and the love for
118:: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (
1311:
The nyckelharpa is considered Sweden's national instrument.
771:, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires
2215:
Lists of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number
818:
Most commonly twelve-stringed, arranged in six courses
669:
Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a
26:, covering those instruments that are classified under
2189:
List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number
530:
Originally a bowlback, but modern flatbacks exist too
30:
under that system. These instruments may be known as
1204:. University of Minnesota, Crookston. Archived from
1198:"Norwegian Hardanger Music and Dance at UMC Feb. 15"
2141:
2061:
2001:
1985:
1925:
1851:
1834:
1813:
1793:
1777:
1740:
1722:
1698:
1649:
1606:
1567:
1551:
1299:"Swirling and Whirling on the Swedish Dance Floor"
952:
899:with four strings and a short neck, played with a
1086:Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft
1232:Journal of the International Folk Music Council
1021:"The Cuatro: Puerto Rico's National Instrument"
1274:Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection
754:String instrument derived from the Portuguese
1529:
8:
1998:
1848:
1737:
1564:
1536:
1522:
1514:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
873:mandola-like lute with nine steel strings
403:that uses a rosined wheel to create sound
243:
1340:
1072:is the national instrument of Bangladesh.
1462:(Hawaiian craftsmen) began to use local
1498:(4). Oxford University Press: 455–462.
1165:XVII Macao Internacional Music Festival
980:
955:A Concise History of the Classic Guitar
884:moon guitar, moon lute, gekkin, laqin
1019:Figueroa, Frank M. (June–July 2002).
7:
895:Two varieties: a round moon-shaped
14:
2194:Musical instrument classification
1323:Badalkhan, Sabir (October 2003).
1474:wood (in the manufacture of the
1297:Flores, Gypsy (August 3, 2005).
253:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1118:. June 2, 2007. Archived from
1:
592:Europe, has spread worldwide
1450:. Rough Guides. p. 56.
1448:World Music: The Rough Guide
74:: Instruments in which the
2236:
1371:by David Puerta Zuluaga".
924:The Galpin Society Journal
561:Andalusian classical music
235:: Using a mechanical drive
2184:
1325:"Balochi Oral Tradition"
1116:Washington Folk Festival
959:. Mel Bay Publications.
182:: Bare hands and fingers
2220:Lute family instruments
2021:412.1. Idiophonic/reed
1545:Hornbostel–Sachs system
255:
252:
249:
246:
20:list of instruments by
2041:412.2. Non-idiophonic
1504:10.1093/earlyj/9.4.455
1270:"Mandolin - flat-back"
1050:Begum, Rumena Mohima.
679:and played vertically
557:Music of Kabyle people
1369:Los Caminos del Tiple
1342:10.1353/ort.2004.0049
1183:The Portuguese Guitar
951:Wade, Graham (2001).
799:(Italian/Portuguese)
1208:on December 25, 2007
1161:"Biographical Notes"
1056:World on Your Street
1031:on December 26, 2007
990:"Andean Instruments"
988:Vandervort, Leland.
176:: Hammers or beaters
2036:412.14. Band/Ribbon
1597:112.2. Scraped/rasp
1420:on November 4, 2007
1122:on October 12, 2007
1052:"Musicians Stories"
1025:Latin Beat Magazine
778:chords on a ukulele
507:Ornately decorated
2170:53. Radioelectric
2027:412.12. Percussive
2024:412.11. Concussive
2018:412. Interruptive
2008:411. Displacement
469:guitar, Portuguese
60:string instruments
2202:
2201:
2137:
2136:
2076:421.1. Non-fipple
1981:
1980:
1830:
1829:
1718:
1717:
1583:111.2. Percussion
1580:111.1. Concussion
1457:978-1-85828-636-5
1410:"Nelson Gonzalez"
966:978-0-7866-4978-5
913:
912:
692:Tiple Colombiano
496:Hardanger fiddle
2227:
2047:412.21. Whirling
2044:412.21. Rotating
1999:
1849:
1823:242. Tube/vessel
1738:
1588:112. Indirectly
1565:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1507:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1425:
1416:. Archived from
1408:McSweeney, Jim.
1405:
1399:
1398:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1344:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1157:
1151:
1150:Wade, pgs. 11-12
1148:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1112:"Puppet Theatre"
1108:
1102:
1101:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1027:. Archived from
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
996:. Archived from
985:
970:
958:
947:
783:
782:
781:
779:
549:Music of Morocco
545:Music of Algeria
541:mandole, mondol
244:
218:: Using a ribbon
33:necked box lutes
22:Hornbostel-Sachs
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2180:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2063:
2057:
1990:
1977:
1927:
1921:
1863:311. Bar/stick
1853:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1809:
1789:
1773:
1729:
1726:
1714:
1694:
1688:Glass harmonica
1645:
1602:
1556:
1547:
1542:
1512:
1511:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1423:
1421:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1374:Ethnomusicology
1366:
1365:
1361:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1209:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1174:
1172:
1171:on June 9, 2011
1159:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1138:
1125:
1123:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
987:
986:
982:
977:
967:
950:
921:
918:
908:
883:
862:
845:
828:
795:
777:
775:
774:
773:
772:
742:
718:
691:
658:
632:
608:
588:
540:
521:
495:
472:
454:
436:
415:
389:
366:
337:
310:
289:
285:bouzouki, Irish
268:
242:
212:: Using a wheel
45:
12:
11:
5:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2153:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1860:
1858:
1846:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1747:211. Directly
1744:
1742:
1735:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1654:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:122.2. Cut out
1638:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1591:112.1. Shaken/
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1577:111. Directly
1574:
1572:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1482:
1456:
1438:
1400:
1387:10.2307/851728
1381:(3): 446–448.
1359:
1335:(2): 229–235.
1329:Oral Tradition
1315:
1289:
1268:Roger Vetter.
1260:
1244:10.2307/834737
1222:
1189:
1152:
1136:
1103:
1092:(1): 107–114.
1076:
1042:
1011:
979:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
965:
948:
936:10.2307/842168
917:
914:
911:
910:
893:
890:
885:
875:
874:
871:
868:
863:
854:
853:
851:
848:
846:
837:
836:
834:
831:
829:
820:
819:
816:
813:
800:
785:
784:
752:
749:
744:
734:
733:
727:
724:
719:
708:
707:
701:
698:
693:
681:
680:
667:
664:
659:
648:
647:
641:
638:
633:
622:
621:
618:
615:
610:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
578:
577:
574:
571:
565:Andalusi nubah
542:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
513:
512:
505:
502:
497:
485:
484:
481:
478:
473:
464:
463:
460:
457:
455:
446:
445:
443:
440:
438:
428:
427:
424:
421:
416:
405:
404:
398:
395:
390:
379:
378:
375:
372:
367:
356:
355:
346:
343:
338:
327:
326:
323:
320:
311:
300:
299:
296:
293:
290:
279:
278:
275:
272:
269:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
241:
238:
237:
236:
230:
221:
220:
219:
213:
207:
192:
183:
177:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
104:
103:
102:
101:
100:
99:
82:
81:
80:
79:
64:
63:
39:necked guitars
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2232:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2166:Amplification
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1639:
1636:
1633:122.1. Lace (
1632:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1071:
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2145:Electrophone
2054:413. Plosive
1966:322.2. Frame
1952:321.3.Handle
1872:Stick zither
1794:23. Friction
1684:133. Vessel
1669:132. Plaque
1619:121.1. Clack
1495:
1491:
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1475:
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1424:December 17,
1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
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1305:December 21,
1303:. Retrieved
1301:. PopMatters
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1279:September 5,
1277:. Retrieved
1273:
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1212:December 17,
1210:. Retrieved
1206:the original
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1175:December 26,
1173:. Retrieved
1169:the original
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1126:December 17,
1124:. Retrieved
1120:the original
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1062:December 17,
1060:. Retrieved
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1035:December 17,
1033:. Retrieved
1029:the original
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1004:December 17,
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
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769:jumping flea
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643:Bowed keyed
626:
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553:Chaabi music
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419:Turkmenistan
409:
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256:Description
232:
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194:
185:
179:
173:
168:
153:
148:necked lutes
141:
120:handle lutes
113:
89:
69:
56:chordophones
49:
44:
38:
37:
32:
31:
27:
19:
17:
15:
2101:Single reed
2095:Double reed
1963:322.1. Open
1901:Heterochord
1867:Musical bow
1838:Chordophone
1814:24. Singing
1778:22. Plucked
1770:212. Shaken
1711:142. Plaque
1673:Musical saw
1663:Nail violin
1659:131. Stick
1616:121. Frame
1492:Early Music
850:321.322-71
833:321.322-71
760:, from the
640:321.322-71
628:nyckelharpa
504:321.322-71
491:Hardingfele
442:321.322-71
401:Hurdy-gurdy
397:321.322-72
341:Puerto Rico
247:Instrument
2209:Categories
1906:314. Board
1852:31. Simple
1800:231. Stick
1741:21. Struck
1708:141. Stick
1630:122. Comb
1181:His book,
916:References
859:waldzither
370:Bangladesh
250:Tradition
203:: Using a
18:This is a
2127:Chromatic
2032:Free reed
1988:Aerophone
1973:Harp lute
1928:Composite
1898:Idiochord
1820:241. Free
1806:233. Hand
1803:232. Cord
1678:Daxophone
1624:Guimbarde
1554:Idiophone
1476:braguinha
1414:Congahead
1238:: 13–15.
1202:UMUC News
757:braguinha
589:bandolim
524:European
385:drejelire
318:Venezuela
264:bandurria
197:: Bowing
76:resonator
2174:Theremin
2107:Reedpipe
2064:Non-free
2030:412.13.
2002:41. Free
1725:Membran-
1652:Friction
1349:pahlawan
930:: 3–29.
901:plectrum
892:321.322
870:321.322
815:321.322
807:Portugal
765:uku lele
762:Hawaiian
751:321.322
726:321.322
700:321.322
696:Colombia
666:321.322
617:321.322
595:321.322
584:mandolin
573:321.322
527:321.322
480:321.322
476:Portugal
459:321.322
423:321.322
374:321.322
345:321.322
322:321.322
314:Colombia
295:321.322
292:Ireland
274:321.322
228:Keyboard
190:Plectrum
2121:Natural
2105:422.3.
2099:422.2.
2093:422.1.
2079:421.2.
1946:321.2.
1940:321.1.
1785:Nyatiti
1762:211.3.
1758:Tubular
1756:211.2.
1750:211.1.
1622:121.2.
1609:Plucked
866:Germany
791:vihuela
739:ukulele
676:sarangi
662:Balochs
569:Nuubaat
537:mandole
518:mandola
437:violin
28:321.322
2160:Action
2125:423.2
2119:423.1
2081:Fipple
1911:Trough
1856:zither
1727:ophone
1593:rattle
1570:Struck
1454:
1395:851728
1393:
1252:834737
1250:
1098:929299
1096:
1070:dotara
963:
944:842168
942:
905:Taiwan
880:yueqin
842:violin
747:Hawaii
730:Guitar
704:Guitar
671:fiddle
645:fiddle
636:Sweden
613:Canada
605:merlin
509:fiddle
500:Norway
451:guitar
433:fiddle
393:Sweden
362:dotara
333:cuatro
306:cuatro
271:Spain
143:321.32
24:number
2115:Brass
2113:423.
2087:422.
2072:Flute
2070:421.
1971:323.
1957:322.
1934:321.
1917:Frame
1915:316.
1909:315.
1892:313.
1884:Whole
1878:312.
1764:Frame
1701:Blown
1635:Mbira
1391:JSTOR
1353:suroz
1248:JSTOR
1094:JSTOR
1058:. BBC
975:Notes
940:JSTOR
888:China
811:Italy
803:Spain
687:tiple
654:suroz
411:dutar
351:tiple
115:321.3
96:lutes
2164:52.
2158:51.
2150:list
2089:Reed
2012:Whip
1993:list
1959:Harp
1948:Yoke
1936:Lute
1894:Raft
1887:Half
1880:Tube
1843:list
1752:Bowl
1732:list
1699:14.
1650:13.
1607:12.
1568:11.
1559:list
1468:and
1452:ISBN
1432:tres
1430:The
1426:2007
1307:2007
1281:2015
1214:2007
1177:2007
1128:2007
1068:The
1064:2007
1037:2007
1006:2007
961:ISBN
897:lute
825:viol
743:uke
722:Cuba
714:tres
316:and
240:List
2062:42.
1986:4.
1942:Bow
1926:32.
1723:2.
1552:1.
1500:doi
1471:koa
1465:kou
1383:doi
1337:doi
1240:doi
932:doi
673:or
609:M4
205:bow
91:321
36:or
2211::
2142:5.
1854:/
1835:3.
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