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668:, but the municipality restored the bust and put it back in its place on 3 July 2020, together with a new plaque stating 'Halle will not submit to vandalism'. It further explained that on 23 June, the municipal council had voted to initiate new talks on what to do with the statue 'and other symbols that recall discriminatory practices from our colonial past' with 'all associations and interested parties involved in our city. As long as these talks have not been concluded and no definitive standpoint has been taken, any destruction will be repaired.'
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928:(UMons) on Warocqué Square, but due to controversy moved to a less prominent spot near the Academy Hall in the early 2000s. After Dusingize Marie-Fidèle, a student of African descent, launched a petition for its complete removal from the public sphere on 5 June 2020, it was signed thousands of times in matter of days. On 9 June 2020, the bust was removed and stored by the university.
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that have perished during the Free State.' The bust was defaced with red paint again on 12 June 2020, and on 18 June the Ghent municipal board decided to remove it on 30 June 2020, the 60th anniversary of
Congolese independence, which it was. After several speeches, the bust was ceremonially removed amid applause. Mayor
271:) condemned the toppling, saying that although a 'recontextualisation of colonial heritage' was a good cause, this should happen democratically in consultation with others. A few days earlier, the municipality had already erased part of the plaque's text which thanked 'those who brought civilisation to Congo'.
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and erected on 7 February 1951. The pier contains the text "AU ROI / LEOPOLD II / LES VETERANS / DE L'ETAT / INDEPENDANT / DU CONGO. DON / A LA FRANCE ("To King
Leopold II. The veterans of the Independent State of the Congo. Given to France."). The Association of Veterans of the Independent State of
482:
This bust was defaced with red paint in
November 2008 by activist group De Stoete Ostenenoare, and in 2017 there was an attempt to cut Leopold II's nose. The city council has refused to remove it, but favours talks with inhabitants on whether to erect a "counter-statue" that condemns colonialism in
519:
This statue was vandalised in
October and November 2018 and in July 2019, while activists demanded it be removed, along with all references to Leopold II, such as street names. The city council initially placed a sign near the statue that read: 'The city council regrets the many Congolese victims
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group in the monument, honours
Leopold II. This was a reference to how Congolese slaves' hands were cut off if they did not produce enough rubber during Leopold's colonial regime. The activists were willing to give the hand back if a historically correct sign would be placed near the statue. The
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This monument at the intersection of the Avenue de
Luxembourg and the Avenue de Longwy features a standing statue and a quote from Leopold II: "I undertook the work of the Congo in the interest of civilisation and for the good of Belgium." In June 2020, a petition signed by more than 900 people
94:
released a statement expressing his "deepest regret" for the wounds of the colonial past, and the "acts of violence and cruelty committed" in the Congo during colonisation, but did not explicitly mention
Leopold's role in the atrocities. Some activists accused him of not making a full apology.
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stated: ' doesn't serve to explain or illustrate historical facts. It's not (currently) accompanied by any context or information. Therefore, it may be considered to do what busts usually do: glorifying a historical personality. (...) I and many others have concluded that
Leopold II, although
200:
in 2008, again with red paint in 2018, with white paint in
November 2019, and again in June 2020. A 14-year-old named Noah launched a petition for its removal in early June 2020 that was signed over 45,000 times within several days. A majority in the Brussels Parliament wants to either
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of
Leopold II, pays homage to 5 of the city's 'sons, colonial pioneers, who died for the Congo Free State'. Someone attached red tears made of paper to the relief in June 2020. The city announced it will not remove the memorial, but add an information sign for context and explanation.
528:): 'This neither erases history nor the underlying problems, there's still lots of work to do. But this is an important first step for our city and compatriots to stop the glorification, and move forward in a sober way.' The bust will possibly be moved to the Ghent City Museum (STAM).
66:
against racism (May–July 2020), several statues of Leopold II were vandalised, while several petitions that called for the removal of some or all statues were signed by tens of thousands of Belgians. Other petitions, also signed by tens of thousands, called for the statues to remain.
954:): 'The city council has chosen to preserve this piece of heritage, no matter how painful its history. That doesn't mean that we approve of the colonial past, but to me, iconoclasm doesn't seem the right answer to the problem. We must actively combat discrimination and racism.'
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decided to reinstate the statue in 2005. He claims that the beginning of the Free State had been a time of some economic and social progress. He argued that people should recognize some positive aspects of the king as well as the negative, but hours after the six-metre
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1049:, erected in 1911. It contains the text 'A / LA MEMOIRE / DU ROI DES BELGES / LEOPOLD II / HOTE DU CAP FERRAT. QUELQUES AMIS / DE LA COTE D AZUR / 1911' ("To the memory of the King of the Belgians, Leopold II, Host of the Cap Ferrat. Some friends from the
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called for the statue to be removed, perhaps moved to a museum, or a referendum to be held to decide on its fate. Mayor Vincent Magnus (cdH) said no decision had been taken yet: 'We need time to think, to listen to the citizens and the historians.'
384:) until 11 May 1957. The base features a bilingual inscription saying "Leopold II Benefactor of Public Parks". A majority in the Brussels Parliament wants to either recontextualise or remove all Leopold II statues in Brussels, including this one.
267:) featured a bust of Leopold II, surrounded by several other stone art works and a bilingual plaque. The bust was vandalised and knocked down, and subsequently removed by the municipality for restoration on 12 June 2020. Mayor Didier Gosuin (
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500 metres away on 9 June 2020. In 2019 the city cooperated with members of the Congolese community in Belgium on a memorial for all Congolese independence fighters; this memorial was placed in the town hall of Mons.
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depicted Leopold II, on the southwestern tower facing the Naamsestraat. The city council's decision to remove the statue was taken at the end of June 2020 as part of a larger policy of decolonisation.
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and crafted between 1911 and 1921 to commemorate the Congo Free State. In particular, it honours the Belgian 'pioneers' (soldiers) who brought 'civilisation' to the Congo, especially through the
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in 2020, but the red paint was cleaned up. In 2018, the city council added an information sign next to it for historical context. The current council is still considering its future, with mayor
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in late June 2020. Mayor Jan Spooren (N-VA) expressed surprise because, according to him, 'this is an anti-colonial work of art'. The city council would consider a solution in early July 2020.
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The monument's inscription states: 'Homage to HM King Leopold II and to ALL his Limburgian assistants'. It features a bust of Leopold II and the names of soldiers from
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were expanded on the orders of Leopold II, funded by his profits from the Congo Free State, and filled with Congolese vegetation to celebrate his colonial project.
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An information sign was added in 2009. The statue was first defaced with graffiti on 7 June and then toppled in the night of 13–14 June 2020 as part of the
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A majority in the Brussels Parliament wants to either recontextualise or remove all Leopold II statues in Brussels, including this one in Ixelles/Elsene.
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898:. As of 30 June 2020, it has not been vandalised, and there have been no calls for it to be removed, even though a bust of Leopold II was removed by the
744:
important to our country from a historical perspective, is not the kind of personality that we as the KU Leuven community want to assign such a place.'
78:. From 9 June 2020 onwards, authorities in Belgium gave way to public pressure and began removing some of the statues of Leopold, beginning with ones in
2324:
839:
Bust near the entrance of the former restaurant 'Les 4 rois' (The Four Kings), Lanestraat 2 in the village of Tombeek in the municipality of Overijse.
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1220:"Al meer dan 16.000 handtekeningen voor petitie om standbeelden Leopold II uit Brussel weg te nemen, Tommelein wil beeld in Oostende niet verwijderen"
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Congo, founded on 25 October 1928, gifted this monument to France in 1951 to honour Leopold II for their military service in the Congo Free State.
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Several statues have been erected to honour the legacy of Leopold II in Belgium. According to Professor of Colonial History Idesbald Goddeeris of
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This statue is located in front of Saint Elisabeth's Church at the intersection of the Rue des Fossés and the Rue Boulengé de la Hainière in
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2011:
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there. The monument doesn't portray Leopold II himself, but prominently features a bilingual quote to justify the colonial project:
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His controversial regime in the Congo Free State has motivated proposals for these statues to be removed. During the international
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I have undertaken the work of the Congo in the interest of civilisation and for the well-being of Belgium. Leopold II 3 June 1906.
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172:
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1251:"Het Debat. Moeten standbeelden van Leopold II en andere bedenkelijke historische figuren verdwijnen uit het straatbeeld?"
951:
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571:) arguing the present situation has a better educational effect than removing the monument altogether would have.
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Pursuing Whiteness in the Colonies: Private Memories from the Congo Freestate and German East Africa (1884–1914)
1128:"Belgische koloniale geschiedenis in het katholiek middelbaar onderwijs: vergeten verhaal of kritisch discours?"
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987:
1684:"Statue de Léopold II déboulonnée à Auderghem : Ce n'est pas comme ça qu'on procède dans une démocratie"
924:
The bust was originally located in the entrance hall of the Warocqué Faculty for Economics and Management of
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1958:
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1984:
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This statue has been deliberately damaged several times, most recently in 2017. Mayor Maxime Prévôt (
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51:. The monuments were supposed to help get rid of the scandal after international commotion about the
24:
2049:
1844:"Standbeeld Leopold II opnieuw beklad, nu naar aanleiding van dood George Floyd in Verenigde Staten"
1306:"Pourquoi les opposants à Léopold II continuent-ils à vandaliser les statues de l'ancien Roi ?"
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2649:
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458:, symbolically cut off a bronze hand from one of the kneeling Congolese slaves who, as part of the
91:
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911:
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2103:"Monument à la mémoire du roi des belges Léopold II, hôte du Cap Ferrat – Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat"
873:
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in the municipality of Antwerp and in the Waracqué Faculty of Economics and Management of the
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1903:"Stad zet Leopold II terug op zijn sokkel met boodschap: "Halle zwicht niet voor vandalen""
1453:"Belgium's King sends 'regrets' to Congo for Leopold II atrocities – but doesn't apologize"
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376:(1850–1925), probably at the request of King Albert I, but not inaugurated in Duden Park (
358:
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during Leopold II's rule, and to raise people's enthusiasm for the colonial enterprise in
44:
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from 1865 to 1909 and, through his own initiative, the absolute ruler and enslaver of the
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department in Southeastern France. Leopold II had bought a lot of real estate in the
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ft) statue was installed near Kinshasa's central station, it was officially removed.
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1874:"Gent haalt beeld Leopold II weg: "Een dergelijk figuur kunnen we niet langer eren""
424:
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recontextualise or remove all Leopold II statues in Brussels, including this one.
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http://lampspw.wallonie.be/dgo4/site_ipic/index.php/pdf/fiche/92094-INV-1952-01
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requested a committee to be set up to 'decolonise the public sphere' in the
40:
1791:"Hoe Oostendse activisten met een afgehakte hand de puntjes op de i zetten"
976:
The municipality of Rixensart has refused request for comment on the bust.
1278:"Dit zijn de organisatoren van de Belgische Black Lives Matter-betogingen"
196:
The statue has been vandalised several times, including with red paint by
1624:"BEKIJK: Buste van Leopold II na 90 jaar weggehaald uit Zuidpark in Gent"
1002:
825:
761:
740:
488:
381:
134:
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The oldest statue is a bronze medal of Leopold II embedded into a stone
1766:
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618:
541:
491:) has been negotiating with organisation Belgian Youth Against Racism.
268:
214:
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The youngest is a bust of bronze, posited on a stone pier, crafted by
343:(1892–1894) that sought to conquer present-day East Congo and end the
1027:
614:
594:
79:
1161:"Belgians Target Some Royal Monuments In Black Lives Matter Protest"
559:
who died in the Congo Free State. It was vandalised as part of the
1370:
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852:
750:
499:
1366:"Brusselse meerderheid vraagt dekolonisering van openbare ruimte"
3716:
Buildings and structures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests
1310:
102:
Busts, statues, memorials and monuments of Leopold II in Belgium
3511:
2170:
2128:
998:
1542:"Steeds meer protest in België tegen standbeelden Leopold II"
1400:"L'UMons retire un buste de Léopold II suite à une pétition"
86:
on that day. On 30 June 2020, the 60th anniversary of the
1335:"Arlon: pétition et contre-pétition autour de Léopold II"
3086:
Christopher Columbus (Columbus State Community College)
1666:
Bulletin des commissions royales d'art et d'archéologie
1189:"Burned Leopold II statue removed from Antwerp square"
2012:"Universiteit Bergen haalt standbeeld Leopold II weg"
1005:(known until 1966 as Leopoldville) was removed after
1647:
1645:
1478:"Congo: Histoire blanche, voix noires, zones grises"
1426:"Belgian king expresses regrets for colonial abuses"
731:
On 10 June 2020, a Leopold II bust was removed from
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3471:
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3273:
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2658:
2621:
2599:
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2516:
2494:
2457:
2377:
2277:
2232:
2183:
808:by Tom Frantzen. It was vandalised as part of the
2534:Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy
2076:"Buste du roi Léopold II – Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat"
879:Standing statue near Saint Elisabeth's Church in
1664:"Commission royale des monuments et des sites".
1930:"KU Leuven haalt borstbeeld van Leopold II weg"
1617:
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1613:
1611:
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1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
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1593:
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1585:
773:Bust in front of the Africa Museum created by
372:This bronze bust on blue stone was created by
23:(9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909), the second
2140:
1872:Tuly Salumu & Bert Staes (18 June 2020).
1583:
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1565:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1511:"De schuld in de onschuld van een straatnaam"
1504:
1502:
8:
1817:"Opnieuw beeld Leopold II besmeurd met verf"
1245:
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1214:
1212:
1210:
1034:, a town on the Mediterranean coast in the
3519:
3508:
2180:
2167:
2147:
2133:
2125:
804:The Leopold II bust is part of the statue
97:
43:(2018), most of the statues date from the
2613:Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
2197:Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
1867:
1865:
470:Bust on Prinses Clementinaplein in Ostend
193:Equestrian Statue of Leopold II, Brussels
1953:
1951:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1360:
1358:
255:This monument on Prince Square (French:
3011:North Carolina Women of the Confederacy
2325:Columbus' Last Appeal to Queen Isabella
1733:. Münster: Waxmann Verlag. p. 51.
1087:
1026:There are two statues of Leopold II in
635:Statue of Leopold II of Belgium, Ekeren
451:Equestrian Statue of Leopold II, Ostend
2050:"Leopold reigns for a day in Kinshasa"
498:Bust in King Albertpark (Zuidpark) in
297:This equestrian statue was created by
70:In early June 2020, a majority in the
1789:Douglas De Coninck (11 August 2014).
1622:Alexander Verstraete (30 June 2020).
1509:Siebe Jonckheere (22 November 2019).
1154:
1152:
463:statue was vandalised again in 2020.
7:
2074:Micheline Casier (10 October 2019).
1959:"Monument au roi Léopold II – Arlon"
1183:
1181:
1099:Leopold Lodewijk Filips Maria Victor
935:Standing statue on Wiertz Square in
516:Bust of Leopold II of Belgium, Ghent
335:This stone monument was designed by
322:To the Belgian Pioneers in the Congo
213:Standing statue in King's Garden in
2048:Vasagar, Jeevan (4 February 2005).
1985:"Monument au roi Léopold II – Mons"
1398:Isabelle Palmitessa (9 June 2020).
1115:Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor
1107:Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor
540:Monument on Kolonel Dusartplein in
3691:Monuments and memorials in Belgium
2591:DeKalb County Confederate Monument
2546:Putnam County Confederate Memorial
697:One of many decorative statues on
301:(1850–1925). It is located in the
53:atrocities in the Congo Free State
14:
3681:2020 disestablishments in Belgium
2471:Delaware Law Enforcement Memorial
2101:Dominique Perchet (5 July 2011).
1727:Natermann, Diana Miryong (2018).
483:order to create 'balance'. Mayor
47:, the peak of colonial-patriotic
18:list of statues and monuments of
3082:Christopher Columbus (City Hall)
3030:Nash County Confederate Monument
1842:Sabine Van Damme (2 June 2020).
1333:Jean-Luc Bodeux (18 June 2020).
872:
844:
817:
782:
749:
706:
673:
603:
533:
423:
389:
314:
276:
233:
206:
165:
88:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2156:Monuments and memorials removed
1901:Bart Kerckhoven (3 July 2020).
259:) at the Prince Avenue (Dutch:
3127:Captain William Clark Monument
997:A statue of Leopold II in the
961:Bust on Avenue des Érables in
578:Relief sculpture in Stadspark
1:
3701:Outdoor sculptures in Belgium
1487:(in French). 12 November 2008
1009:. Congolese culture minister
240:Monument at Prince Avenue in
3706:Sculptures of men in Belgium
3319:Confederate Soldier Monument
2558:Gadsden Confederate Memorial
2212:Confederate Soldier Memorial
1823:(in Dutch). 16 November 2008
1276:Burno Struys (6 June 2020).
1159:Teri Schultz (5 June 2020).
642:and removed on 9 June 2020.
454:In 2004, an activist group,
1451:Rob Picheta (1 July 2020).
416:Royal Greenhouses of Laeken
398:Royal Greenhouses of Laeken
3747:
3619:Dunham Massey Hall sundial
3573:John Fane Charles Hamilton
1762:"Het glaspaleis van Laken"
1690:(in French). 12 June 2020.
638:Vandalised as part of the
632:
593:The memorial, featuring a
513:
460:Gratitude of the Congolese
448:
190:
3658:
3518:
3507:
3351:Spirit of the Confederacy
2258:Company A, Capitol Guards
2179:
2166:
1515:Krant van West-Vlaanderen
435:Royal Galleries of Ostend
410:This bust was created by
283:Equestrian statue in the
100:
3608:Sir Ronald Fisher window
3455:Richmond Police Memorial
3301:Confederate War Memorial
3288:Our Confederate Soldiers
1314:(in French). 6 June 2020
1126:Yolan Devriendt (2018).
131:
120:
109:
3721:Vandalized works of art
3463:Williams Carter Wickham
1550:(in Dutch). 5 June 2020
1374:(in Dutch). 4 June 2020
1257:(in Dutch). 6 June 2020
1228:(in Dutch). 3 June 2020
1076:Street name controversy
113:Brussels Capital Region
76:Brussels-Capital Region
3451:Matthew Fontaine Maury
2010:Belga (10 June 2020).
1114:
1106:
1098:
994:
649:Bust in Albertpark in
456:De Stoete Ostendenoare
357:Bust in Duden Park in
265:Boulevard du Souverain
3686:Leopold II of Belgium
3132:Thompson Elk Fountain
2698:Emancipation Memorial
2160:George Floyd protests
1702:"Forest – Parc Duden"
1071:George Floyd protests
1032:Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat
990:
810:George Floyd protests
756:Bust in front of the
666:George Floyd protests
640:George Floyd protests
561:George Floyd protests
303:Cinquantenaire Museum
285:Cinquantenaire Museum
64:George Floyd protests
20:Leopold II of Belgium
3431:Christopher Columbus
3409:Confederate Monument
3398:Confederate Monument
3342:Christopher Columbus
3331:Confederate Monument
3307:One Riot, One Ranger
3227:Christopher Columbus
3205:Christopher Columbus
3175:Christopher Columbus
3056:Confederate Memorial
2933:Christopher Columbus
2854:Christopher Columbus
2843:Christopher Columbus
2832:Christopher Columbus
2786:Christopher Columbus
2764:Christopher Columbus
2731:Christopher Columbus
2694:Christopher Columbus
2580:Confederate Monument
2530:Confederate Memorial
2495:District of Columbia
2482:Christopher Columbus
2449:Christopher Columbus
2437:Christopher Columbus
2425:Christopher Columbus
2414:Christopher Columbus
2402:Christopher Columbus
2391:Christopher Columbus
2345:Christopher Columbus
2302:Christopher Columbus
2269:Confederate Monument
2246:Confederate Monument
806:The Congo, I presume
790:The Congo, I presume
175:on Throne Square in
25:King of the Belgians
3663:: ✻ Pending removal
3387:Slave Auction Block
1928:BW (10 June 2020).
1706:www.irismonument.be
992:Statue in Kinshasa.
257:Square du Souverain
198:Théophile de Giraud
72:Brussels Parliament
31:from 1885 to 1908.
3726:Black Lives Matter
3711:Statues in Belgium
3614:Greater Manchester
3491:Hans Christian Heg
3346:Richard W. Dowling
3145:Theodore Roosevelt
3115:The Pioneer Mother
3019:Henry Lawson Wyatt
2966:Frederick Douglass
2955:Theodore Roosevelt
2720:Orville L. Hubbard
2016:Het Laatste Nieuws
1907:Het Laatste Nieuws
1654:on irismonument.be
1255:Het Laatste Nieuws
1225:Het Laatste Nieuws
1193:The Brussels Times
1030:, both located in
1011:Christophe Muzungu
1007:their independence
995:
926:University of Mons
912:University of Mons
900:University of Mons
617:, municipality of
84:University of Mons
35:Statues in Belgium
3668:
3667:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3443:Stonewall Jackson
3439:Howitzer Monument
3260:Edward W. Carmack
3183:George Whitefield
3153:George Washington
2646:John B. Castleman
2353:Francis Scott Key
2286:Carmel-by-the-Sea
1991:(in French). 2019
1965:(in French). 2019
1022:Statues in France
980:
979:
522:Mathias De Clercq
431:Equestrian statue
414:(1850–1925). The
173:Equestrian statue
160:Historical notes
90:'s independence,
41:Leuven University
3738:
3731:Lists of statues
3626:
3615:
3604:
3593:
3569:
3545:
3534:
3520:
3509:
3481:
3427:
3416:
3405:
3394:
3383:
3370:
3338:
3327:
3315:
3296:
3283:
3256:
3234:
3223:
3201:
3171:
3137:Thomas Jefferson
3123:
3104:
3078:
3052:
3038:
3026:
3015:Josephus Daniels
3007:
3000:Jerry Richardson
2996:
2984:
2962:
2951:
2944:Thomas Jefferson
2940:
2929:
2917:
2895:
2884:
2873:
2850:
2839:
2828:
2804:
2782:
2760:
2749:
2727:
2716:
2690:
2668:
2642:
2631:
2609:
2587:
2576:
2554:
2542:
2526:
2504:
2478:
2467:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2410:
2398:
2387:
2364:
2349:Ulysses S. Grant
2341:
2320:
2309:
2298:
2287:
2265:
2254:
2242:
2220:
2208:
2193:
2181:
2168:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2071:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1652:Item of the park
1649:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1619:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1538:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1135:Ghent University
1132:
1123:
1117:
1092:
1017:
983:Statues in Congo
876:
848:
821:
792:in Tervuren Park
786:
753:
710:
699:Leuven Town Hall
682:Leuven Town Hall
677:
607:
537:
427:
393:
345:Arab slave trade
318:
307:City of Brussels
280:
237:
210:
169:
137:
132:
126:
121:
115:
110:
98:
29:Congo Free State
3746:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3646:
3642:Robert Milligan
3624:
3613:
3602:
3591:
3577:
3567:
3553:
3543:
3532:
3514:
3513:Other countries
3495:
3479:
3467:
3459:J. E. B. Stuart
3435:Jefferson Davis
3425:
3414:
3403:
3392:
3381:
3368:
3356:
3336:
3325:
3313:
3294:
3281:
3269:
3254:
3242:
3238:John C. Calhoun
3232:
3221:
3209:
3199:
3187:
3169:
3157:
3149:Harvey W. Scott
3141:Abraham Lincoln
3121:
3102:
3090:
3076:
3064:
3050:
3036:
3024:
3005:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2960:
2949:
2938:
2927:
2921:Philip Schuyler
2915:
2903:
2899:Diego de Vargas
2893:
2882:
2871:
2859:
2848:
2837:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2790:
2780:
2768:
2758:
2753:Calvin Griffith
2747:
2735:
2725:
2714:
2702:
2688:
2676:
2666:
2654:
2640:
2635:Jefferson Davis
2629:
2617:
2607:
2595:
2585:
2574:
2562:
2552:
2540:
2524:
2512:
2502:
2490:
2476:
2465:
2453:
2443:
2431:
2419:
2408:
2396:
2385:
2373:
2362:
2339:
2318:
2307:
2296:
2285:
2273:
2263:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2218:
2206:
2191:
2175:
2162:
2153:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2061:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1885:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1621:
1620:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1067:
1036:Alpes-Maritimes
1024:
1015:
993:
985:
967:Walloon Brabant
830:Flemish Brabant
795:Flemish Brabant
775:Thomas Vinçotte
766:Flemish Brabant
737:Central Library
723:Flemish Brabant
719:Central Library
690:
686:Flemish Brabant
655:Flemish Brabant
637:
611:Standing statue
565:Steven Vandeput
518:
453:
412:Thomas Vinçotte
374:Thomas Vinçotte
337:Thomas Vinçotte
299:Thomas Vinçotte
195:
140:
130:
129:
119:
118:
108:
107:
45:interwar period
37:
12:
11:
5:
3744:
3742:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3634:Robert Clayton
3621:
3610:
3599:
3597:Edward Colston
3587:
3585:
3583:United Kingdom
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3540:
3528:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3422:
3411:
3400:
3389:
3382:Fredericksburg
3378:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3333:
3322:
3310:
3291:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3229:
3217:
3215:
3214:South Carolina
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3118:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3047:
3033:
3021:
3002:
2991:
2988:Vance Monument
2978:
2976:
2975:North Carolina
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2957:
2946:
2935:
2924:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2834:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2755:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2637:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2549:
2537:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2473:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2368:Junípero Serra
2359:
2357:Junípero Serra
2336:
2330:Junípero Serra
2315:
2313:Junípero Serra
2304:
2293:
2291:Junípero Serra
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2260:
2249:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2224:Raphael Semmes
2215:
2203:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2093:
2059:
2040:
2029:
2002:
1976:
1947:
1920:
1893:
1879:Het Nieuwsblad
1861:
1834:
1808:
1781:
1753:
1739:
1719:
1693:
1675:
1656:
1641:
1561:
1528:
1498:
1485:Télé-Moustique
1469:
1443:
1432:. 30 June 2020
1417:
1385:
1354:
1325:
1297:
1268:
1239:
1206:
1177:
1148:
1118:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1058:Victor Demanet
1023:
1020:
991:
984:
981:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
959:
956:
955:
948:
945:
942:
939:
933:
930:
929:
922:
919:
917:
914:
908:
905:
904:
892:
889:
886:
883:
877:
869:
868:
864:
861:
858:
855:
849:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
822:
814:
813:
802:
799:
796:
793:
787:
779:
778:
771:
769:
767:
764:
754:
746:
745:
729:
726:
724:
721:
711:
703:
702:
695:
692:
687:
684:
678:
670:
669:
662:
659:
656:
653:
647:
644:
643:
633:Main article:
630:
627:
624:
621:
608:
600:
599:
591:
588:
585:
582:
576:
573:
572:
553:
550:
547:
544:
538:
530:
529:
514:Main article:
511:
508:
505:
502:
496:
493:
492:
485:Bart Tommelein
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
449:Main article:
446:
443:
440:
437:
428:
420:
419:
408:
405:
403:
400:
394:
386:
385:
370:
367:
364:
361:
355:
352:
351:
341:Congo–Arab War
333:
330:
327:
324:
319:
311:
310:
295:
292:
290:
287:
281:
273:
272:
253:
250:
247:
244:
238:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
211:
203:
202:
191:Main article:
188:
185:
182:
179:
170:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
127:
116:
104:
36:
33:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3743:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3662:
3657:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3506:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:Robert E. Lee
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3420:Robert E. Lee
3417:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:Gloria Victis
3039:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2950:New York City
2947:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2888:Juan de Oñate
2885:
2880:
2878:
2877:Juan de Oñate
2874:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:Massachusetts
2679:
2673:
2672:John McDonogh
2669:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2486:Caesar Rodney
2483:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2403:
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2017:
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1821:Historiek.net
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1195:. 9 June 2020
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777:(1850–1925).
776:
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758:Africa Museum
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57:Belgian Congo
54:
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34:
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3192:Rhode Island
3170:Philadelphia
3168:
3162:Pennsylvania
3130:
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3060:George Davis
3049:
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2205:
2201:Charles Linn
2190:
2111:. Retrieved
2106:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2079:
2054:The Guardian
2053:
2043:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2015:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1988:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1962:
1938:. Retrieved
1933:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1906:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1877:
1852:. Retrieved
1847:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1820:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
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1632:. Retrieved
1627:
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1192:
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1164:
1139:. Retrieved
1137:. p. 13
1133:(in Dutch).
1121:
1090:
1055:
1044:
1042:since 1896.
1025:
996:
910:Bust at the
851:Monument in
805:
789:
580:Sint-Truiden
459:
455:
348:
264:
260:
256:
148:Description
101:
69:
61:
38:
17:
15:
3559:New Zealand
3179:Frank Rizzo
3109:The Pioneer
3025:Rocky Mount
2872:Albuquerque
2849:West Orange
2748:Minneapolis
2667:New Orleans
2508:Albert Pike
2378:Connecticut
2334:John Sutter
2308:Los Angeles
2297:Chula Vista
2253:Little Rock
2241:Bentonville
2158:during the
2113:26 February
2109:(in French)
2086:26 February
2082:(in French)
1708:(in French)
1672:: 30. 1930.
1406:(in French)
1343:(in French)
1141:26 February
1053:, 1911.").
1051:Côte d'Azur
1001:'s capital
3675:Categories
3638:Thomas Guy
3549:Leopold II
3538:Leopold II
3404:Portsmouth
3375:Appomattox
3369:Alexandria
3326:Fort Worth
3233:Charleston
3200:Providence
3051:Wilmington
2864:New Mexico
2819:New Jersey
2759:Saint Paul
2641:Louisville
2503:Washington
2477:Wilmington
2432:New London
2409:Middletown
2386:Bridgeport
2319:Sacramento
2278:California
2264:Pine Bluff
2207:Huntsville
2192:Birmingham
2018:(in Dutch)
1989:Be=Monumen
1963:Be=Monumen
1936:(in Dutch)
1909:(in Dutch)
1882:(in Dutch)
1850:(in Dutch)
1797:(in Dutch)
1770:(in Dutch)
1630:(in Dutch)
1517:(in Dutch)
1286:(in Dutch)
1082:References
1040:Cap Ferrat
857:Luxembourg
680:Statue on
263:, French:
49:propaganda
16:This is a
3630:John Cass
3603:Cambridge
3472:Wisconsin
3264:Sam Davis
3255:Nashville
3247:Tennessee
3037:Salisbury
2995:Charlotte
2983:Asheville
2961:Rochester
2939:Hempstead
2803:Las Vegas
2781:St. Louis
2740:Minnesota
2659:Louisiana
2650:Louis XVI
2630:Frankfort
2420:New Haven
1934:De Morgen
1848:De Morgen
1795:De Morgen
1688:RTBF Info
1283:De Morgen
963:Rixensart
739:. Rector
733:KU Leuven
715:KU Leuven
261:Vorstlaan
242:Auderghem
151:Province
3568:Hamilton
3426:Richmond
3361:Virginia
3282:Beaumont
3222:Columbia
3122:Portland
3077:Columbus
2908:New York
2894:Santa Fe
2809:Hey Reb!
2773:Missouri
2715:Dearborn
2707:Michigan
2622:Kentucky
2458:Delaware
2397:Hartford
2233:Arkansas
1430:BBC News
1065:See also
1003:Kinshasa
824:Bust in
762:Tervuren
741:Luc Sels
713:Bust in
526:Open VLD
489:Open VLD
402:Brussels
396:Bust in
382:Brussels
363:Brussels
326:Brussels
289:Brussels
246:Brussels
219:Brussels
181:Brussels
177:Brussels
157:Removed
154:Erected
145:Picture
135:Wallonia
124:Flanders
3592:Bristol
3533:Antwerp
3524:Belgium
3486:Forward
3480:Madison
3415:Roanoke
3393:Norfolk
3337:Houston
3006:Raleigh
2928:Buffalo
2883:Alcalde
2726:Detroit
2600:Indiana
2586:Decatur
2567:Georgia
2541:Palatka
2517:Florida
2444:Norwalk
2363:Ventura
2184:Alabama
1886:19 June
1767:De Tijd
1628:VRT NWS
1491:1 March
1347:19 June
1340:Le Soir
1318:19 June
916:Hainaut
885:Hainaut
826:Tombeek
623:Antwerp
619:Antwerp
584:Limburg
557:Limburg
546:Limburg
542:Hasselt
433:in the
305:in the
215:Ixelles
3625:London
3314:Denton
3295:Dallas
3103:Eugene
3095:Oregon
2916:Albany
2838:Newark
2827:Camden
2795:Nevada
2689:Boston
2575:Athens
2553:Quincy
2219:Mobile
2022:4 July
1995:7 June
1969:7 June
1940:4 July
1913:4 July
1854:7 June
1827:7 July
1801:7 June
1774:5 July
1746:5 July
1737:
1712:4 July
1634:4 July
1554:7 June
1521:7 June
1462:1 July
1436:2 July
1410:4 July
1378:7 June
1290:7 June
1261:7 June
1232:7 June
1199:9 June
1170:7 June
1111:German
1103:French
1028:France
1016:
615:Ekeren
595:relief
378:Forest
359:Forest
133:
122:
111:
80:Ekeren
3544:Ghent
3274:Texas
2466:Dover
1481:(PDF)
1371:Bruzz
1131:(PDF)
1095:Dutch
941:Namur
937:Namur
853:Arlon
691:~1913
651:Halle
500:Ghent
3069:Ohio
2115:2021
2088:2021
2024:2020
1997:2020
1971:2020
1942:2020
1915:2020
1888:2020
1856:2020
1829:2020
1803:2020
1776:2020
1748:2020
1735:ISBN
1714:2020
1636:2020
1556:2020
1523:2020
1493:2020
1464:2020
1438:2020
1412:2020
1404:RTBF
1380:2020
1349:2020
1320:2020
1311:RTBF
1292:2020
1263:2020
1234:2020
1201:2020
1172:2020
1143:2021
1047:pier
944:1928
921:2020
896:Mons
888:1957
881:Mons
860:1951
798:1997
728:2020
694:2020
689:1895
658:1953
629:2020
626:1873
587:1954
569:N-VA
549:1984
510:2020
507:1928
476:1987
442:1931
366:1957
329:1921
269:DéFI
252:2020
249:1930
222:1969
184:1926
3661:Key
3640:✻;
3636:✻;
3441:✻;
3348:✻;
3177:✻;
2328:✻;
1547:NOS
1457:CNN
1165:NPR
1014:(20
999:DRC
952:cdH
760:in
735:'s
717:'s
613:in
3677::
3632:;
3628:–
3617:–
3606:–
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3483:–
3461:;
3457:;
3453:;
3449:;
3445:;
3437:;
3433:;
3429:–
3418:–
3407:–
3396:–
3385:–
3372:–
3344:;
3340:–
3329:–
3317:–
3304:;
3298:–
3285:–
3262:;
3258:–
3236:–
3225:–
3203:–
3181:;
3173:–
3151:;
3147:;
3143:;
3139:;
3135:;
3129:;
3125:–
3112:;
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2366:–
2355:;
2351:;
2347:;
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2322:–
2311:–
2300:–
2289:–
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2244:–
2222:–
2210:–
2199:;
2195:–
2105:.
2078:.
2062:^
2052:.
2014:.
1987:.
1961:.
1950:^
1932:.
1905:.
1876:.
1864:^
1846:.
1819:.
1793:.
1764:.
1704:.
1686:.
1670:69
1644:^
1626:.
1564:^
1544:.
1531:^
1513:.
1501:^
1483:.
1455:.
1428:.
1402:.
1388:^
1368:.
1357:^
1337:.
1308:.
1280:.
1253:.
1242:^
1222:.
1209:^
1191:.
1180:^
1163:.
1151:^
1113::
1109:;
1105::
1101:;
1097::
380:,
309:.
59:.
3321:✻
3266:✻
3046:✻
3032:✻
2990:✻
2923:✻
2856:✻
2548:✻
2536:✻
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2427:✻
2404:✻
2370:✻
2248:✻
2214:✻
2148:e
2141:t
2134:v
2117:.
2090:.
2056:.
2026:.
1999:.
1973:.
1944:.
1917:.
1890:.
1858:.
1831:.
1805:.
1778:.
1750:.
1716:.
1638:.
1558:.
1525:.
1495:.
1466:.
1440:.
1414:.
1382:.
1351:.
1322:.
1294:.
1265:.
1236:.
1203:.
1174:.
1145:.
973:–
970:?
947:–
891:–
863:–
836:–
833:?
801:–
661:–
590:–
567:(
552:–
524:(
487:(
479:–
445:–
407:–
369:–
332:–
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225:–
187:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
