610:
332:
151:
626:
618:
602:
637:
19:
340:
4752:"Death Stirs Action on Radium 'Cures'. Trade Commission Speeds Its Inquiry. Health Department Checks Drug Wholesalers. Autopsy Shows Symptoms. Maker of "Radithor" Denies It Killed Byers, as Does Victim's Physician in Pittsburgh. Walker Uses Apparatus. Friends Alarmed to Find Mayor Has Been Drinking Radium-Charged Water for Last Six Months"
964:
347:
Some brands from the patent medicine era have survived into the present day, typically with significantly revised formulas and toned-down advertising. Some are still sold as medicines, with more realistic claims and less harmful ingredients. Many others, particularly liquid preparations, have been
4773:
Federal and local agencies, as well as medical authorities in various parts of the country, were stirred to action yesterday as a result of the death of Eben M. Byers, wealthy
Pittsburgh steel manufacturer and sportsman, who died here Wednesday at the Doctors' Hospital from causes attributed to
110:
Patent medicine advertising was typically outlandish, eye-catching, and had little basis in reality. Advertisements emphasized exotic or scientific-sounding ingredients, featured endorsements from purported experts or celebrities, and often claimed that products were
4104:
102:
may have been medically inert and largely harmless, but lacked significant medical benefits. It was rare for any patent medication to be pharmacologically effective, and none lived up to the miraculous promises made by their
2545:
1537:
166:, were sold as patent medicines. Because patent medicines were unscientific and unregulated, the brand names of many products were not necessarily an accurate reflection of their ingredients or preparation methods.
173:: patent medicine advertisements often claimed aphrodisiac effects, the language of which ranged from euphemistic hints at "re-animation" and "potency" to extremely blatant promises of "sexual rejuvenescence."
4243:
4795:
4315:
4470:
The
Dictionary of Practical Receipts; Containing the Arcana of Trade and Manufacture; Domestic Economy; Artistical, Ornamental&scientific Processes; Pharmaceutical and Chemical Preparations, Etc
3299:
3594:
4761:
4285:
3651:
1289:
4096:
3200:
983:: a 19th-century preparation used on both horses and humans; druggists' books sometimes specified recipes, but quack cure salesmen often promoted any kind of oil as the "nine oils".
4602:
2537:
3257:
2585:
Thesaurus of
Proprietary Preparations and Pharmaceutical Specialties: Including "patent" Medicines, Proprietary Pharmaceuticals, Open-formula Specialties, Synthetic Remedies, Etc
1529:
576:: sold in the 1920s as a remedy for depression, the brand name persists as a fortified wine, with a label warning that it "does not imply health-giving or medicinal properties."
3129:
4863:
4939:
3557:
Sick Notes: An
Alphabetical Browsing-Book of Derivatives, Abbreviations, Mnemonics and Slang for Amusement and Edification of Medics, Nurses, Patients and Hypochondriacs
2770:
2082:
2858:
4633:
1626:
1261:
5055:
4901:
630:
1730:
Boisrobert, Christine E.; Stjepanovic, Aleksandra; Oh, Sangsuk; Lelieveld, Huub L.M., eds. (2010). "Chapter 2 - Development of Food
Legislation Around the World".
4449:
Victorian London - Publications - Social
Investigation/Journalism - Toilers in London, by One of the Crowd [James Greenwood], [1883] - Doctor Quackinbosh
1256:
609:
4240:
2956:
127:
bear similarities to patent medicines, the term most typically refers to remedies created before modern regulations, and the scope of this list reflects that.
4787:
4307:
293:, cure-all medicines purportedly made of snake oil were so popular in the 19th century that the phrase is now used as a generic term for hoaxes of all kinds.
215:: a sweetened alcohol-based concoction intended to be stimulating to the heart, often containing numerous herbs; some cordials are now sold non-medically as
961:: advertised as a cure-all, this brand of lithia water went out of business after government tests found it contained no more than trace amounts of lithium.
2288:
814:
1704:
3291:
4539:
4501:
510:: originally sold as Pitcher's Castoria and later Fletcher's Castoria, it was reformulated to remove alcohol and is still sold as a children's laxative.
3586:
3015:
2256:
1350:
731:: a brand of lithia water found to contain so little lithium that obtaining a therapeutic dose would require consuming at least 150,000 gallons daily.
135:
3044:
2461:
2986:
4383:
4277:
3643:
1281:
5264:
5158:
5133:
5108:
3569:
3161:
2100:
1747:
3184:
2386:
5334:
5280:
4451:
1901:
47:, generally for a variety of ailments, without regard to its actual effectiveness or the potential for harmful side effects. The earliest
4833:
4353:
1451:
123:
and put limits on what ingredients could be used in medicines, putting an end to the dominance of patent medicines. Although some modern
2194:
1096:
4592:
4468:
3249:
2483:
2028:
454:: early advertisements for this soft drink made medical claims, stating that it "aids digestion and restores vim, vigor, and vitality."
331:
5175:
2926:
2616:
1203:: the original coca wine, Vin Mariani was sold as a medicine and performance enhancer and endorsed by numerous celebrities, including
516:: originally marketed with claims that it could "purify the blood and make rosy cheeks," it is now sold as a non-medicinal soft drink.
4722:
4692:
4019:
2583:
2055:
977:: a morphine syrup that remained on the market until 1930, despite claims as early as 1911 that it was potentially lethal to infants.
5237:
5212:
5185:
5049:
5011:
4933:
4895:
4855:
4827:
4533:
4495:
4347:
4148:
4079:
4052:
3982:
3780:
3755:
3627:
3232:
3222:
3121:
3076:
2905:
2833:
2792:
2700:
2520:
2493:
2425:
2396:
2369:
2342:
2315:
2231:
2204:
2177:
2065:
2038:
1714:
1461:
1382:
522:: a brand of lithia water once advertised as a treatment for depression, alcoholism, and low libido, now sold without health claims.
4042:
51:
were created in the 17th century. They were most popular from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, before the advent of
5298:, edition 1875-11-13, 'Professor Maclean, C.B., on the true composition and therapeutic value of Warburg's Tincture', pp. 716–718.
4667:
2510:
2332:
1372:
1767:
1321:
974:
920:
776:
4427:
3371:"Accidental Poisoning of Children in Belfast: A Report of two years' experience at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children"
3151:
3066:
2359:
588:: introduced in 1902 with typically exaggerated claims, this ointment is still produced, and is considered a cultural staple in
4069:
1010:
768:
5098:
4923:
4569:
3617:
2766:
5324:
5039:
4885:
4625:
3808:
2850:
780:
765:-based medicine was marketed for calming babies, but was condemned by physicians of the time as potentially fatal to infants.
4751:
2744:
411:
82:
as active ingredients. Addiction and overdose were common as a result. Some formulations included toxic ingredients such as
1134:
1036:
867:: called "Mother's Friend," this laudanum cordial was used to quiet infants, but frequently caused serious or even lethal
838:
582:: one of the first trademarked products in the United States, the brand disappeared in the 1970s, but was revived in 2016.
310:
2221:
968:
804:
5202:
5017:
2823:
2431:
1137:: a famous and expensive remedy exposed as a fraud when its ingredients were discovered to be nothing more than French
877:: a tonic for indigestion often sold with the company's other major product, Dr. Boschee's Syrup, a purported cure for
5319:
2690:
708:
131:
786:
5254:
2948:
150:
2167:
798:
139:
967:: a supposed remedy for intoxication which in 1941 was the subject of one of the first court cases brought by the
570:: this popular soft drink was first sold as a digestive aid, and takes its name from the Greek word for digestion.
5329:
1156:
539:
467:
259:, sometimes called a balm or heat rub, intended for application to the skin for the relief of pain and stiffness.
95:
44:
2453:
1935:
Proceedings of the Royal Irish
Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature
4597:
1402:
1102:
1024:
206:
3705:
Shaw, Robert B. (1972). "History of the
Comstock Patent Medicine Business and Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills".
755:: a name used for multiple formulas sold as stomach remedies and cure-alls during the 18th and 19th centuries.
501:
4523:
4485:
3007:
2248:
1931:"Health for sale: mountebanks, doctors, printers and the supply of medication in eighteenth-century Ireland"
1236:
1088:
116:
56:
1342:
2719:
1190:
902:
811:
of "eclectic" and "electric", referencing the then-current theory that electricity had healing properties.
758:
725:
first marketed in the 1890s, supposedly able to "disperse unwanted fat" and "purify and enrich the blood".
507:
3036:
1620:
120:
2978:
1214:
989:: this herbal concoction was used in the 17th and 18th centuries as a panacea against various types of
671:
4379:
1706:
Routledge
Handbook of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Perspectives from Social Science and Law
1652:
Loeb, Lori (2001). "Doctors and Patent
Medicines in Modern Britain: Professionalism and Consumerism".
3924:"Notoriety to respectability: a short history of arsenic prior to its present day use in haematology"
1231:
1060:
864:
842:
828:
822:
728:
535:
519:
460:: a brand of fruit salt originally promoted as a cure-all; successfully rebranded in the 1950s as an
180:
163:
124:
3693:
The Monthly Gazette of Health; or Medical Dietetic, Antiempirical, and General Philosophical Journal
2057:
The Radioactive Boy Scout: The Frightening True Story Of A Whiz Kid And His Homemade Nuclear Reactor
2030:
20 Ads that Shook the World: The Century's Most Groundbreaking Advertising and how it Changed Us All
225:: similar to a cordial, an elixir was historically defined as a sweet liquid containing one or more
1170:
1164:
1091:: this company toured England with a promotional medicine show featuring exaggerated depictions of
1004:
771:: an opium solution sold during the 18th to 20th centuries as a remedy for chest and lung ailments.
398:
159:
52:
3678:
2566:
2512:
The Patent Medicines Industry in Georgian England: Constructing the Market by the Potency of Print
1105:: a hair growth formula promoted by the Sutherland Sisters, famed for their own floor-length hair.
5314:
4980:
4960:
4819:
The Excruciating History of Dentistry: Toothsome Tales & Oral Oddities from Babylon to Braces
3953:
3834:"George Fulford and Victorian Patent Medicine Men: Quack Mercenaries or Smilesian Entrepreneurs?"
3466:
3419:
3351:
3094:
2671:
2148:
2140:
2001:
1966:
1958:
1867:
1824:
1808:
1677:
1590:
1183:
1160:
958:
888:
441:
280:
256:
212:
112:
99:
4525:
Mountebanks and Medicasters: A History of Italian Charlatans from the Middle Ages to the Present
1152:
1108:
944:
704:
697:, which caused several deaths, after which it was reformulated to use the less toxic derivative
625:
3561:
3555:
2603:
Metallotherapeutic Drugs and Metal-based Diagnostic Agents : The Use of Metals in Medicine
617:
601:
5260:
5233:
5208:
5181:
5154:
5129:
5104:
5045:
5007:
4972:
4929:
4891:
4823:
4817:
4529:
4491:
4448:
4343:
4337:
4222:
4187:
4144:
4138:
4075:
4048:
4011:
3978:
3972:
3945:
3904:
3855:
3776:
3751:
3726:
3623:
3565:
3540:
3515:
3497:
3458:
3392:
3228:
3192:
3157:
3082:
3072:
2901:
2829:
2696:
2663:
2655:
2612:
2608:
2516:
2489:
2421:
2392:
2365:
2338:
2311:
2227:
2200:
2173:
2132:
2096:
2061:
2034:
2009:
1993:
1950:
1875:
1859:
1816:
1800:
1743:
1710:
1685:
1669:
1608:
1582:
1511:
1457:
1432:
1424:
1378:
1128:
1116:
930:
874:
817:: these bright pink pills, largely composed of iron, were actually an effective treatment for
790:
752:
660:
392:
366:
226:
91:
5083:
4260:
1893:
1197:
for this 27-ingredient preparation in 1744, making it one of the earliest patented medicines.
831:: an arsenical compound sold in the 19th century for various ailments including treatment of
4214:
4177:
3935:
3894:
3886:
3845:
3718:
3710:
3505:
3450:
3382:
3343:
2645:
2600:
2124:
2088:
1942:
1851:
1792:
1735:
1661:
1598:
1574:
1501:
1493:
1414:
1178:
1174:
1066:
910:
479:
2922:
2898:
A social history of medicines in the twentieth century : to be taken three times a day
2115:
Milwright, Marcus (2003). "The Balsam of Maṭariyya: An Exploration of a Medieval Panacea".
359:: this soft drink was originally named "Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda"; it contained
4730:
4700:
4455:
4247:
3999:
3106:
2723:
1241:
1042:
868:
652:
636:
557:
513:
489:
360:
300:
299:: an extract of organic material dissolved in alcohol, tinctures are still used in modern
246:
48:
36:
4566:
Asher & Adams' New Columbian Rail Road Atlas and Pictorial Album of American Industry
4423:
4405:
4097:"Chuck Stinnett column: Hadacol, with its splash of alcohol, was a sensation for a while"
1046:
645:
4774:
radium poisoning resulting from the drinking of water containing radium in solution. ...
4205:
Gussow, Leon (October 2004). "The Jake Walk and Limber Trouble: A Toxicology Epidemic".
3672:
134:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
4756:
4656:
4375:
4182:
4165:
3899:
3874:
3510:
3485:
3387:
3370:
2800:
1603:
1562:
1506:
1481:
1221:, it was sometimes criticized as a quack remedy until the formula was released in 1875.
1146:
1014:
996:
934:
916:
579:
405:
71:
2650:
2633:
2282:
1313:
605:
Antique bottles of Daffy's Elixir, Dalby's Carminative and Turlington's Balsam of Life
5308:
4218:
3940:
3923:
3534:
3454:
3224:
Hershey: Milton S. Hershey's Extraordinary Life of Wealth, Empire, and Utopian Dreams
2601:
2308:
A social history of medicines in the twentieth century: to be taken three times a day
2277:
2152:
1970:
1246:
1208:
1204:
1112:
906:
892:
794:
543:
485:
475:
471:
380:
270:
266:
192:
5077:
4278:"Victorian Heritage Celebrations and the story of Lane's Emulsion | Culture Waitaki"
4044:
Apothecaries and the Drug Trade: Essays in Celebration of the Work of David L. Cowen
3470:
3355:
1828:
5100:
Smoke Signals: A Social History of Marijuana - Medical, Recreational and Scientific
4561:
4241:
An 18th century controlled trial prompted by a potential shortage of hospital beds.
3957:
3334:
Weir, Archibald (February 15, 1896). "Fatal Case Of Poisoning By A.B.C. Liniment".
1842:
Uretsky, Samuel; Birdsall, Carole (1986). "Quackery: A Thoroughly Modern Problem".
1194:
1082:
1000:
952:
878:
722:
589:
419:
262:
242:
236:
22:
3797:
2979:"Business is bubbling again as lithium-water drinkers swear by its healing powers"
2675:
119:
in countries like the United Kingdom, United States, and Canada began to regulate
27:
3745:
2740:
2223:
Coca Wine: Angelo Mariani's Miraculous Elixir and the Birth of Modern Advertising
1419:
408:
originally marketed as a health tonic, now marketed simply as an alcoholic drink.
313:
were common; a variety of worm lozenges, powders, and syrups, commonly including
1403:"Charles Fletcher, The Centaur Company, and Proprietary Medicine Revenue Stamps"
1200:
1045:: a Swedish preparation from the early 20th century whose main ingredients were
948:
938:
808:
694:
641:
561:
547:
525:
370:
274:
170:
104:
4856:"Untangling the Tale of the Seven Sutherland Sisters and Their 37 Feet of Hair"
3974:
A Social History of Medicine: Health, Healing and Disease in England, 1750-1950
3890:
18:
4963:(1989). "President's Address: Samuel Solomon and The Cordial Balm of Gilead".
2128:
1142:
1124:
1056:
905:: a cure-all produced by former magician John Hamlin, popularly sold at gaudy
896:
846:
746:
734:
714:
698:
690:
664:
538:: although meant for external use, Minard's was sometimes taken internally in
528:: introduced in 1894, early advertising focused on the perceived exoticism of
493:
457:
349:
232:
196:
4999:
4976:
4226:
4015:
3714:
3501:
3462:
3196:
2659:
2413:
2136:
2092:
1997:
1954:
1863:
1804:
1673:
1586:
1428:
4265:
The Secret Malady: Venereal Disease in Eighteenth-century Britain and France
3347:
2292:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 281–282.
2117:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
1739:
1578:
1018:
990:
980:
923:
as it was available as a medication, but contained approximately 70% to 80%
779:: production of these cure-all pills formed the backbone of the economy for
573:
451:
445:
437:
423:
388:
384:
306:
286:
202:
60:
3949:
3859:
3730:
3519:
3396:
3086:
2900:(Reprint. ed.). New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press. p. 154.
2667:
2013:
1820:
1689:
1612:
1497:
1436:
1155:: first sold by William Swaim in 1820, this popular remedy was composed of
5253:
Tamreihao, K.; Mukherjee, Saikat; Ningthoujam, Debananda S. (2019-11-18).
4191:
3908:
3850:
3833:
1946:
1879:
1515:
1127:; while effective in the short term, it could cause long-term damage like
749:
was marketed as a cure-all, but frequently caused addiction and overdoses.
339:
1251:
1078:
1052:
1031:, this patent medicine was so popular that it became the namesake of the
986:
858:
832:
742:
738:
718:
684:
676:
656:
497:
431:
415:
402:
374:
314:
296:
290:
252:
43:, or "our remedy") is a commercial product advertised to consumers as an
4984:
3423:
2005:
1962:
1812:
448:; eventually reformulated as a soft drink without medicinal ingredients.
4041:
Higby, Gregory; Pharmacy, American Institute of the History of (2001).
3539:. Harold B. Lee Library. London: British Medical Association. pp.
2144:
1871:
1681:
1594:
1218:
1070:
1028:
924:
884:
680:
585:
529:
461:
427:
216:
188:
83:
3722:
1796:
1530:"First tests of old patent medicine remedies from a museum collection"
667:, the toxic formula caused numerous poisonings and at least one death.
4166:"The Public Health Service and Jamaica Ginger Paralysis in the 1930s"
1138:
1120:
1092:
1073:
port wine marketed as a health tonic, its original formula contained
1032:
818:
239:
compound made up of organic acids, salts, added flavoring, and sugar.
222:
184:
176:
64:
4250:, JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation
3438:
2692:
Black Folk Medicine: The Therapeutic Significance of Faith and Trust
1855:
1665:
1374:
Marketplace of the Marvelous: The Strange Origins of Modern Medicine
39:, also known as a proprietary medicine or a nostrum (from the Latin
2361:
The History of Massage: An Illustrated Survey from Around the World
1783:
Aronson, Jeffrey K (2009). "Patent medicines and secret remedies".
283:: patent medicines were often sold as panaceas, or universal cures.
4406:"Nostrums and Quackery; Articles on the Nostrum Evil and Quackery"
3153:
The Attention Merchants: The Epic Scramble to Get Inside Our Heads
2536:
History, Bill Kemp | Archivist/librarian McLean County Museum of.
854:
850:
762:
635:
624:
616:
608:
600:
567:
553:
338:
330:
149:
79:
17:
5079:
The Hasheesh Eater: Being Passages from the Life of a Pythagorean
4143:(Revised ed.). University Press of Mississippi. p. 67.
3587:"Annals Of Weight-Loss Gimmicks: From Bile Beans To Obesity Soap"
115:
or panaceas. Beginning in the early 20th century, the passage of
4412:. Chicago, IL.: American Medical Association. 1911. p. 318.
1074:
356:
87:
75:
3250:"Poughkeepsie's own Smith Brothers Cough Drops make a comeback"
5153:. American Institute of the History of Pharmacy. p. 124.
2716:
1059:
died of radiation-induced cancer in 1932 after consuming this
711:
in 1909 found they were made solely of aloe, ginger, and soap.
4788:"Cocaine Tooth Powder – useful for toothache and spongy gums"
2281:
1930:
205:: an infusion of coca leaves in red wine invented by chemist
4071:
Snake Oil, Hustlers and Hambones: The American Medicine Show
2879:
2877:
2875:
2388:
Healing Waters: Missouri's Historic Mineral Springs and Spas
2538:"Intestinal worms were once a common menace to all classes"
1769:
Health & Drugs: Disease, Prescription & Medication
1654:
Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies
3071:. Vol. 1. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 118.
2081:
Klemens Fiebach; Dieter Grimm (2007), "Resins, Natural",
1480:
Parker, R. R.; Cobb, J. P.; Connell, P. H. (March 1974).
3773:
Lewis & Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery
2310:. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press. p. 154.
1282:"Balm of America: Patent Medicine Collection -- History"
895:
during the 1940s and 1950s, it was primarily popular in
478:, this cough medicine was later reformulated to include
348:
revised into non-medical food or drink products such as
2571:. North Dakota Agricultural College. 1916. p. 239.
2169:
Cocaine Nation: How the White Trade Took Over the World
707:: purportedly made of medicinal herbs; analysis by the
440:: originally marketed as a cure for ailments including
4666:. Federation of Historical Bottle Collectors: 28, 31.
4000:"What were Godfrey's Cordial and Dalby's Carminative?"
4339:
Principles of Pharmaceutical Marketing, Third Edition
3536:
Secret remedies: what they cost and what they contain
3443:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
2634:"Bitter medicine: gout and the birth of the cocktail"
675:: a name used for preparations using the bark of the
532:
by calling it the "Great Japanese Salve Mentholatum".
273:; popular in the United States between the 1880s and
209:
in the 1860s, which later spawned numerous imitators.
3412:
Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine
3410:
D'Esaguy, Augusto (May 1936). "Água de Inglaterra".
2414:"Chapter 11: The Pattern of Patent Medicine Appeals"
4074:. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 149.
2767:"Buckfast tonic wine hits record £43.2m sales high"
1193:: English merchant Robert Turlington was granted a
2196:Cocaine Addiction: Theory, Research, and Treatment
1401:Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P. (2017-09-01).
857:sold in the 18th and 19th centuries as a cure for
59:. Despite the name, patent medicines were usually
3775:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. pp. 9–10.
3185:"Eight of the most outlandish food health claims"
3122:"Maine Split on Coca-Cola's Acquisition of Moxie"
560:called "Moxie Nerve Food," this is now a popular
5259:. Bentham Science Publishers. pp. 229–230.
5126:Old World and New: Early Medical Care, 1700–1840
3323:. London, UK: Odhams Press LTD. 1935. p. 7.
1262:List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
631:National Museum of Nuclear Science & History
5044:. Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy. p. 78.
4925:Decency and Disorder: The Age of Cant 1789-1837
4887:Painted Faces: A Colourful History of Cosmetics
2331:Watson, Ronald Ross; Preedy, Victor R. (2008).
1703:Gale, Nicola K.; McHale, Jean V. (2015-04-10).
249:with various ingredients and intended purposes.
5201:Bock, Gregory R.; Whelan, Julie (2008-04-30).
5174:Griffenhagen, George B.; Bogard, Mary (1999).
5038:Griffenhagen, George B.; Bogard, Mary (1999).
4657:"The Peruna Story: Strumming That Old Catarrh"
3747:Encyclopedia of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
2769:. www.thedrinksbusiness.com. 10 January 2018.
2084:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1453:Medicine in the Old West: A History, 1850-1900
965:Mrs. Moffat's Shoo-Fly Powders for Drunkenness
951:and promoted as a health tonic and a cure for
492:liqueur was originally promoted as a cure for
5256:Current Perspectives on Anti-Infective Agents
3707:Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology
2923:"Father John's Medicine | Center for Inquiry"
2599:Tiekink, Edward R.T.; Gielen, Marcel (2005).
1257:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
1217:: an efficacious but now-obsolete remedy for
933:: an 18th-century patent medicine containing
373:, angostura bitters are now used as a common
8:
5149:Kremers, Edward; Sonnedecker, Glenn (1986).
4490:. Manchester University Press. p. 113.
2485:Botanical Medicine for Women's Health E-Book
2391:. University of Missouri Press. p. 96.
1625:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 (
245:: a loosely-defined category of traditional
195:); balsams have been used in medicine since
5177:History of Drug Containers and Their Labels
5041:History of Drug Containers and Their Labels
3875:"A history of the use of arsenicals in man"
3677:. Prentice & Weissinger. 1844. p.
3674:The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery
2883:
2607:. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. p.
2249:"TAKING YOUR MEDICINE WAS A CORDIAL AFFAIR"
655:: named for its three primary ingredients,
640:1894 advertisement poster for Vin Mariani,
5285:. J. & A. Churchill. 1857. p. 90.
5232:. Mayfield Publishing Company. p. 6.
3691:Richard Reece, 'Bateman's Pectral Drops,'
3248:Platt, Frances Marion (26 December 2017).
3068:Home Medicine: The Newfoundland Experience
2717:Black Folk Medicine in Southern Appalachia
1563:"Patent Medicines and the Public's Health"
67:, in order to keep their formulas secret.
5204:Cocaine: Scientific and Social Dimensions
4487:Healers and Healing in Early Modern Italy
4181:
3939:
3898:
3849:
3509:
3386:
3292:"Nampak index shows SA needs its Zam-Buk"
2649:
2454:"Snake Oil Salesmen Were on to Something"
1984:Young, James Harvey (1993). "Sex Fraud".
1602:
1505:
1418:
5151:Kremers and Urdang's History of Pharmacy
4308:"Londonderry's brief bottled water fame"
4124:
3879:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3750:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 304–06.
3744:Woodger, Elin; Toropov, Brandon (2009).
2488:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 53.
921:alcohol prohibition in the United States
815:Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People
613:Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale People
343:A bottle of Fernet-Branca herbal liqueur
25:'s "Death's Laboratory" on the cover of
5207:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 7–8.
3277:
3156:. New York: Vintage Book. p. 156.
2334:Botanical Medicine in Clinical Practice
1273:
1177:extract popularized by American author
269:characterized by the trace presence of
3616:Johnson, Frederick Neil (1984-06-18).
3102:
3092:
2695:. Transaction Publishers. p. 54.
2033:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 30–31.
1618:
693:: supposed pain medication containing
369:: originally marketed as a remedy for
363:, a mood-stabilizing drug, until 1948.
309:: before modern sanitation practices,
4723:"Nyponextrakt, tuggummi och fusioner"
4605:from the original on October 24, 2021
4572:from the original on December 7, 2019
4473:(3rd ed.). J. Allen, D. Francis.
4430:from the original on 9 September 2016
4386:from the original on 10 February 2012
2828:. New York: Basic Books. p. 32.
2747:from the original on 29 December 2013
2301:
2299:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1761:
1759:
1639:
789:: laxatives containing more than 50%
7:
4786:Chríodáin, Louise Ní (15 Nov 2018).
4261:The Pox in Eighteenth-Century France
4164:Parascandola, John (May–June 1995).
4022:from the original on 18 October 2018
3838:Canadian Bulletin of Medical History
3597:from the original on 30 January 2015
3533:British Medical Association (1909).
3490:California State Journal of Medicine
3008:"History of the Mentholatum Company"
2857:. Emmis Communications. p. 78.
2728:Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
2364:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
1556:
1554:
1475:
1473:
1396:
1394:
1308:
1306:
1103:Seven Sutherland Sisters Hair Grower
687:from the 17th to the 19th centuries.
5180:. Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy.
5128:. Infobase Publishing. p. 98.
4624:Hamblin, James (January 31, 2013).
4380:"Speech before National Press Club"
4342:. Psychology Press. pp. 487–.
4047:. Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy.
3771:Duncan, Dayton; Burns, Ken (1997).
3183:Jarvis, Alice-Azania (2014-07-08).
3041:National Museum of American History
2773:from the original on 23 August 2019
2358:Calvert, Robert Noah (April 2002).
1286:National Museum of American History
1013:: a coca wine invented by druggist
383:: a mixture of saline aperient and
160:pre-scientific medical preparations
5103:. Simon and Schuster. p. 32.
5082:. Harper & brothers. pp.
4693:"Vad är egentligen ett läkemedel?"
3644:"Daffys elixir - Dawsons lozenges"
3585:Hensley, Scott (20 January 2011).
3227:. Simon and Schuster. p. 52.
2247:Times, CHARLES PERRY Los Angeles.
2220:Lestrange, Aymon de (2018-12-18).
2087:(7th ed.), Wiley, p. 2,
621:Advertising poster from about 1890
414:: originally touted as a cure for
14:
4691:Johannisson, Karin (2001-06-24).
4636:from the original on June 4, 2014
4626:"Why we took cocaine out of soda"
4137:McNamara, Brooks (October 1995).
3221:D'Antonio, Michael (2007-01-09).
1318:Digital Public Library of America
1005:diseases of the respiratory tract
807:: the name of this cure-all is a
4721:Hake, Carl-Magnus (2002-02-24).
4655:Sullivan, Jack (May–June 2007).
4522:Gambaccini, Piero (2003-11-20).
4467:FRANCIS, George William (1853).
4219:10.1097/00132981-200410000-00045
3977:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 152.
3941:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07623.x
3796:Sullivan, Catherine (May 1984).
3455:10.1001/jama.1905.02510040024010
3037:"Minard's King of Pain Liniment"
1135:Soloman's Cordial Balm of Gilead
335:Early 20th-century advertisement
70:Patent medicines often included
5058:from the original on 2021-10-24
5020:from the original on 2017-02-23
5000:"Chapter 5: Hercules and Hydra"
4942:from the original on 2021-10-24
4904:from the original on 2021-10-24
4890:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
4866:from the original on 2019-11-01
4836:from the original on 2021-10-24
4816:Wynbrandt, James (2015-01-27).
4798:from the original on 2018-11-15
4764:from the original on 2021-10-24
4673:from the original on 2018-12-23
4542:from the original on 2021-10-24
4504:from the original on 2021-10-24
4424:"Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup"
4356:from the original on 2017-03-19
4336:Smith, Mickey C. (1988-12-31).
4318:from the original on 2019-09-03
4288:from the original on 2019-09-01
4107:from the original on 2019-08-23
4095:Stinnett, Chuck (Feb 2, 2010).
3814:from the original on 2020-11-27
3654:from the original on 2019-08-23
3302:from the original on 2019-12-16
3260:from the original on 2019-09-02
3203:from the original on 2019-09-02
3132:from the original on 2019-01-27
3047:from the original on 2019-09-03
3018:from the original on 2019-12-19
2989:from the original on 2019-09-03
2959:from the original on 2019-08-23
2929:from the original on 2019-08-23
2861:from the original on 2021-01-26
2825:For God, Country, and Coca-Cola
2632:Barnett, Richard (2012-04-14).
2588:. G. P. Engelhard. p. 266.
2568:Nostrums & Patent Medicines
2548:from the original on 2019-12-16
2509:Mackintosh, Alan (2017-12-04).
2464:from the original on 2007-11-18
2434:from the original on 2017-02-23
2259:from the original on 2019-09-24
2193:Platt, Jerome J. (2000-05-05).
1904:from the original on 2017-08-18
1894:"Definition of PATENT MEDICINE"
1844:The American Journal of Nursing
1540:from the original on 2019-12-19
1353:from the original on 2019-08-22
1324:from the original on 2019-10-13
1292:from the original on 2019-11-01
1003:promoted as a cure for various
5006:. Princeton University Press.
4101:Evansville Courier & Press
3928:British Journal of Haematology
3619:The History of Lithium Therapy
3369:Fisher, O D. (November 1954).
3120:Waugh, Danielle (2018-08-29).
2420:. Princeton University Press.
2166:Feiling, Thomas (2012-02-15).
1766:Sfetcu, Nicolae (2014-05-02).
1165:corrosive sublimate of mercury
311:intestinal parasite infections
1:
5282:The Medical Times and Gazette
5097:Lee, Martin A. (2013-08-13).
4884:Stewart, Susan (2017-12-15).
2921:Kreidler, Marc (2014-04-23).
2793:"Carter's Little Liver Pills"
2689:Watson, Wilbur (1998-01-01).
2651:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60586-8
1037:Southern Methodist University
975:Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup
783:for much of the 20th century.
777:Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills
327:Surviving brands and products
154:1889 lithograph advertisement
4998:Young, James Harvey (1961).
4729:(in Swedish). Archived from
4699:(in Swedish). Archived from
4591:Blood, C. L. (May 1, 1867).
3437:Graves, W. H. (1905-07-22).
2947:Curtis, Wayne (2008-11-01).
2412:Young, James Harvey (1961).
2199:. Harvard University Press.
2027:Twitchell, James B. (2000).
1785:BMJ: British Medical Journal
1450:Agnew, Jeremy (2010-04-23).
1420:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.021
1343:"History of Patent Medicine"
1314:"Patent Medicine, 1860-1920"
1011:Pemberton's French Wine Coca
969:Food and Drug Administration
919:: popular during the era of
769:Dr. Bateman's Pectoral Drops
629:A bottle of Radithor at the
391:, historically popular with
229:, taken as a medical remedy.
5335:Social problems in medicine
5228:Inciardi, James A. (1992).
3798:"Dr. Thomas' Eclectric Oil"
3591:Shots: Health News from NPR
3439:"The Dangers of Acetanilid"
3336:The British Medical Journal
2741:"History of the Tonic Wine"
1732:Ensuring Global Food Safety
1561:Parascandola, John (1999).
1371:Janik, Erika (2014-01-07).
709:British Medical Association
556:: created around 1876 as a
470:: originally consisting of
412:Carter's Little Liver Pills
5351:
5076:Ludlow, Fitz Hugh (1857).
5004:The Toadstool Millionaires
4922:Wilson, Ben (2014-03-20).
4562:"Persecution of New Ideas"
4528:. McFarland. p. 144.
4484:Gentilcore, David (1998).
4239:Louis-Courvoisier M (2007)
3891:10.1177/014107689308600515
3484:Rowell, Hubert N. (1907).
3150:Wu, Tim (September 2017).
2849:Bloom, John (April 1978).
2822:Pendergrast, Mark (2000).
2797:Lowcountry Digital Library
2482:Romm, Aviva (2017-01-25).
2418:The Toadstool Millionaires
1061:radioactive quack medicine
839:Godbold's Vegetable Balsam
799:Lewis and Clark Expedition
797:and famously taken on the
580:Smith Brothers Cough Drops
482:, and is still sold today.
430:, now marketed as a basic
129:
3998:C., T. E. (1 June 1970).
3486:"Poisoning by Antikamnia"
3321:Everybody's Family Doctor
2896:Crellin, John K. (2004).
2851:"Business: Sweet Revenge"
2306:Crellin, John K. (2004).
2129:10.1017/S0041977X03000119
2054:Silverstein, Ken (2005).
1534:American Chemical Society
941:, used to treat syphilis.
805:Dr. Thomas' Eclectric Oil
540:Newfoundland and Labrador
317:, were sold as treatment.
94:. Other ingredients like
45:over-the-counter medicine
4598:Lewiston Evening Journal
3873:Jolliffe, D. M. (1993).
3715:10.5479/si.00810258.22.1
3622:. Springer. p. 21.
2515:. Springer. p. 96.
2385:Bullard, Loring (2004).
2093:10.1002/14356007.a23_073
899:for its alcohol content.
787:Dr. Rush's Bilious Pills
500:, and remains a popular
162:, some based on folk or
146:Types of patent medicine
117:consumer protection laws
53:consumer protection laws
4426:. Wood Library Museum.
4207:Emergency Medicine News
3348:10.1136/bmj.1.435.399-a
3065:Crellin, J. K. (1994).
2977:May, Lee (1989-12-04).
2289:Encyclopædia Britannica
1898:www.merriam-webster.com
1740:10.1016/C2009-0-01854-6
1581:(inactive 2024-06-22).
1482:"Chlorodyne dependence"
1407:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
1237:Chinese patent medicine
1089:Sequah Medicine Company
57:evidence-based medicine
4822:. St. Martin's Press.
4068:Anderson, Ann (2000).
3648:British History Online
3554:Spiegl, Fritz (1996).
2949:"The Bitter Beginning"
2582:Hiss, A. Emil (1898).
2226:. Simon and Schuster.
1498:10.1136/bmj.1.5905.427
737:: this combination of
648:
633:
622:
614:
606:
468:Father John's Medicine
344:
336:
155:
32:
5325:Health fraud products
4928:. Faber & Faber.
4568:. Asher & Adams.
4560:Blood, C. L. (1875).
4282:culturewaitaki.org.nz
3922:Doyle, Derek (2009).
3851:10.3138/cbmh.16.1.125
3560:. CRC Press. p.
2337:. CABI. p. 823.
1947:10.1353/ria.2008.0006
1929:Kelly, James (2008).
1579:10.1093/phr/114.4.318
1567:Public Health Reports
1055:: American socialite
1027:: sold as a cure for
971:of the United States.
875:Green's August Flower
639:
628:
620:
612:
604:
597:Discontinued products
342:
334:
153:
125:alternative medicines
121:deceptive advertising
21:
5124:Kelly, Kate (2010).
3805:Parks Canada History
1232:Alternative medicine
1015:John Stith Pemberton
913:in the 19th century.
843:sublimate of mercury
781:Morristown, New York
729:Buffalo Lithia Water
679:tree, used to treat
526:Mentholatum Ointment
164:traditional remedies
136:adding missing items
5230:The War on Drugs II
4965:Pharmacy in History
4961:Helfand, William H.
3971:Lane, Joan (2001).
3832:Loeb, Lori (1999).
2803:on 3 September 2014
2644:(9824): 1384–1385.
2458:Scientific American
1986:Pharmacy in History
1191:Turlington's Balsam
993:and other maladies.
903:Hamlin's Wizard Oil
759:Dalby's Carminative
508:Fletcher's Laxative
399:Buckfast Tonic Wine
322:Notable brand names
5320:Drug-related lists
4664:Bottles and Extras
4454:2019-11-28 at the
4378:(August 8, 2003).
4246:2019-09-01 at the
2743:. Buckfast Abbey.
2722:2019-08-22 at the
1734:. Academic Press.
1215:Warburg's tincture
1184:The Hasheesh Eater
1175:medicinal cannabis
1161:oil of wintergreen
1157:sarsaparilla syrup
1017:, the inventor of
959:Londonderry Lithia
889:vitamin supplement
672:Água de Inglaterra
649:
634:
623:
615:
607:
442:morphine addiction
345:
337:
257:topical medication
227:active ingredients
187:in plant-specific
183:of plant-specific
156:
113:universal remedies
33:
5266:978-981-14-3272-9
5160:978-0-931292-17-0
5135:978-0-8160-7208-8
5110:978-1-4391-0261-9
4860:Collectors Weekly
4760:. April 2, 1932.
4727:LäkemedelsVärlden
4697:LäkemedelsVärlden
4376:McClellan, Mark B
4306:Holmes, Richard.
4259:Conner, Susan P.
3571:978-1-85070-627-4
3342:(1833): 399–400.
3254:Hudson Valley One
3163:978-0-385-35202-4
2983:Los Angeles Times
2730:Paper 149, p. 24.
2715:Crowder, Steve, "
2452:Graber, Cynthia.
2172:. Pegasus Books.
2102:978-3-527-30673-2
1797:10.1136/bmj.b5415
1749:978-0-12-374845-4
1181:in his 1857 book
1129:mercury poisoning
1111:: a 16th-century
1049:, sugar and milk.
865:Godfrey's Cordial
829:Fowler's solution
536:Minard's Liniment
393:African Americans
367:Angostura bitters
289:: the archetypal
158:Various types of
63:but not actually
5342:
5330:Patent medicines
5299:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
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4688:
4682:
4681:
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4678:
4672:
4661:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4593:"Oxygenized Air"
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4458:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4410:Internet Archive
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
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4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
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4230:
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4196:
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4185:
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4155:
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4134:
4128:
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4112:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3968:
3962:
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3943:
3919:
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3902:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3829:
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3802:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3702:
3696:
3689:
3683:
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3669:
3663:
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3660:
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3613:
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3582:
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3551:
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3481:
3475:
3474:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3290:Thomas, Jeremy.
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
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3111:
3110:
3104:
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3098:
3090:
3062:
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3055:
3053:
3052:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
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3004:
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2994:
2974:
2968:
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2965:
2964:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2893:
2887:
2884:Pendergrast 2000
2881:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2799:. Archived from
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2737:
2731:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2653:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2606:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2506:
2500:
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2479:
2473:
2472:
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2449:
2443:
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2409:
2403:
2402:
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2355:
2349:
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2328:
2322:
2321:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2253:Sun-Sentinel.com
2244:
2238:
2237:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1850:(9): 1031–1032.
1839:
1833:
1832:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1700:
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1526:
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1509:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1422:
1413:(9): e127–e128.
1398:
1389:
1388:
1377:. Beacon Press.
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1278:
1179:Fitz Hugh Ludlow
1171:Tilden's Extract
1097:Native Americans
911:American Midwest
887:: marketed as a
488:: this brand of
480:dextromethorphan
387:prescribed as a
247:herbal medicines
140:reliable sources
49:patent medicines
41:nostrum remedium
5350:
5349:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5339:
5305:
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5279:
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5215:
5200:
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5188:
5173:
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5096:
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4853:
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4848:
4839:
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4830:
4815:
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4810:
4801:
4799:
4792:The Irish Times
4785:
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4456:Wayback Machine
4447:
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4248:Wayback Machine
4238:
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3758:
3743:
3742:
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3704:
3703:
3699:
3695:, Vol. VI, 807.
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2724:Wayback Machine
2714:
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2207:
2192:
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2165:
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2114:
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2109:
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2080:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2026:
2025:
2021:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1856:10.2307/3425579
1841:
1840:
1836:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1729:
1728:
1724:
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1702:
1701:
1697:
1666:10.2307/4053198
1651:
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1646:
1638:
1634:
1617:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1492:(5905): 427–9.
1479:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1370:
1369:
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1356:
1354:
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1340:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1242:Herbal medicine
1228:
1153:Swaim's Panacea
1109:Soliman's Water
1043:Phospho-Energon
945:Lane's Emulsion
909:throughout the
869:opium poisoning
841:: a mixture of
705:Beecham's Pills
653:A.B.C. Liniment
599:
558:patent medicine
514:Hires Root Beer
361:lithium citrate
329:
324:
301:herbal medicine
148:
143:
37:patent medicine
12:
11:
5:
5348:
5346:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
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5301:
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5288:
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5068:
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5030:
5012:
4990:
4952:
4934:
4914:
4896:
4876:
4846:
4828:
4808:
4778:
4757:New York Times
4743:
4713:
4683:
4647:
4616:
4583:
4552:
4534:
4514:
4496:
4476:
4459:
4441:
4415:
4397:
4367:
4348:
4328:
4312:The Derry News
4298:
4269:
4252:
4232:
4197:
4176:(3): 361–363.
4170:PHS Chronicles
4156:
4149:
4129:
4127:, p. 112.
4117:
4087:
4080:
4060:
4053:
4033:
3990:
3983:
3963:
3934:(3): 309–317.
3914:
3885:(5): 287–289.
3865:
3824:
3788:
3781:
3763:
3756:
3736:
3697:
3684:
3664:
3635:
3628:
3608:
3577:
3570:
3546:
3525:
3476:
3429:
3418:(5): 404–408.
3402:
3381:(2): 124–131.
3361:
3326:
3312:
3282:
3270:
3240:
3233:
3213:
3175:
3162:
3142:
3112:
3103:|journal=
3077:
3057:
3028:
3014:. 2017-03-26.
3012:Buffalo Rising
2999:
2969:
2939:
2913:
2906:
2888:
2871:
2841:
2834:
2814:
2784:
2758:
2732:
2708:
2701:
2681:
2624:
2618:978-0470864036
2617:
2591:
2574:
2558:
2542:pantagraph.com
2528:
2521:
2501:
2494:
2474:
2444:
2426:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2370:
2350:
2343:
2323:
2316:
2295:
2283:"Elixir"
2280:, ed. (1911).
2278:Chisholm, Hugh
2269:
2239:
2232:
2212:
2205:
2185:
2178:
2158:
2123:(2): 193–209.
2107:
2101:
2073:
2066:
2046:
2039:
2019:
1976:
1914:
1885:
1834:
1791:(7735): 1396.
1775:
1755:
1748:
1722:
1715:
1695:
1660:(3): 409–410.
1644:
1642:, p. 118.
1632:
1573:(4): 320–321.
1550:
1521:
1469:
1462:
1442:
1390:
1383:
1363:
1349:. 2017-04-10.
1334:
1302:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1198:
1188:
1168:
1150:
1147:cardamom seeds
1132:
1106:
1100:
1086:
1064:
1050:
1040:
1022:
1008:
997:Oxygenized air
994:
984:
978:
972:
962:
956:
947:: invented in
942:
935:mercuric oxide
931:Keyser's Pills
928:
917:Jamaica ginger
914:
907:medicine shows
900:
882:
872:
862:
836:
826:
812:
802:
784:
774:
766:
756:
753:Daffy's Elixir
750:
741:, tincture of
732:
726:
712:
702:
688:
668:
598:
595:
594:
593:
583:
577:
571:
565:
551:
533:
523:
517:
511:
505:
483:
465:
455:
449:
435:
409:
406:fortified wine
396:
378:
364:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
304:
294:
284:
278:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
210:
207:Angelo Mariani
200:
193:essential oils
174:
147:
144:
31:(June 3, 1905)
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5347:
5336:
5333:
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5323:
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5284:
5283:
5276:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5249:
5246:
5241:
5239:1-55934-016-9
5235:
5231:
5224:
5221:
5216:
5214:9780470514252
5210:
5206:
5205:
5197:
5194:
5189:
5187:9780931292262
5183:
5179:
5178:
5170:
5167:
5162:
5156:
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5145:
5142:
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5131:
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5112:
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5101:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5072:
5069:
5057:
5053:
5051:9780931292262
5047:
5043:
5042:
5034:
5031:
5019:
5015:
5013:9780691646855
5009:
5005:
5001:
4994:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4941:
4937:
4935:9780571317202
4931:
4927:
4926:
4918:
4915:
4903:
4899:
4897:9781445654003
4893:
4889:
4888:
4880:
4877:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4847:
4835:
4831:
4829:9781466890145
4825:
4821:
4820:
4812:
4809:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4733:on 2010-08-26
4732:
4728:
4724:
4717:
4714:
4703:on 2010-08-21
4702:
4698:
4694:
4687:
4684:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4648:
4635:
4631:
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4600:
4599:
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4587:
4584:
4571:
4567:
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4541:
4537:
4535:9780786416066
4531:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4515:
4503:
4499:
4497:9780719041990
4493:
4489:
4488:
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4477:
4472:
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4463:
4460:
4457:
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4450:
4445:
4442:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4355:
4351:
4349:9780866569354
4345:
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4340:
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4309:
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4198:
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4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4150:9780878058310
4146:
4142:
4141:
4140:Step right up
4133:
4130:
4126:
4125:Anderson 2000
4121:
4118:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4081:9781476601120
4077:
4073:
4072:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4054:9780931292361
4050:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4034:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3991:
3986:
3984:9781135119270
3980:
3976:
3975:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
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3925:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3844:(1): 125–45.
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3825:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3782:9780679454502
3778:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3757:9781438110233
3753:
3749:
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3649:
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3629:9781349072897
3625:
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3609:
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3507:
3503:
3499:
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3487:
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3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
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3406:
3403:
3398:
3394:
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3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3301:
3297:
3296:Business Live
3293:
3286:
3283:
3280:, p. 72.
3279:
3274:
3271:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3234:9780743264105
3230:
3226:
3225:
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3214:
3202:
3198:
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3190:
3186:
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3176:
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3146:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3078:9780773511972
3074:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3058:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2907:9780789018458
2903:
2899:
2892:
2889:
2886:, p. 13.
2885:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2860:
2856:
2855:Texas Monthly
2852:
2845:
2842:
2837:
2835:9780465046997
2831:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2815:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
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2759:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2702:9781412818773
2698:
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1712:
1709:. Routledge.
1708:
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1459:
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1455:
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1247:Medicine show
1245:
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1220:
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1213:
1210:
1209:Thomas Edison
1206:
1205:Pope Leo XIII
1202:
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801:of 1803–1806.
800:
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795:Benjamin Rush
793:, created by
792:
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506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Fernet-Branca
484:
481:
477:
476:licorice root
473:
472:cod-liver oil
469:
466:
463:
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381:Black Draught
379:
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316:
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272:
271:lithium salts
268:
267:mineral water
264:
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5071:
5060:. Retrieved
5040:
5033:
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5003:
4993:
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4944:. Retrieved
4924:
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4886:
4879:
4868:. Retrieved
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4849:
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4800:. Retrieved
4791:
4781:
4772:
4766:. Retrieved
4755:
4746:
4735:. Retrieved
4731:the original
4726:
4716:
4705:. Retrieved
4701:the original
4696:
4686:
4675:. Retrieved
4663:
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4630:The Atlantic
4629:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4596:
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4565:
4555:
4544:. Retrieved
4524:
4517:
4506:. Retrieved
4486:
4479:
4469:
4462:
4444:
4432:. Retrieved
4418:
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4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4338:
4331:
4320:. Retrieved
4311:
4301:
4290:. Retrieved
4281:
4272:
4264:
4255:
4235:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4139:
4132:
4120:
4109:. Retrieved
4100:
4090:
4070:
4063:
4043:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4007:
4003:
3993:
3973:
3966:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3816:. Retrieved
3804:
3791:
3772:
3766:
3746:
3739:
3709:(22): 1–48.
3706:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3673:
3667:
3656:. Retrieved
3647:
3638:
3618:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3590:
3580:
3556:
3549:
3535:
3528:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3446:
3442:
3432:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3378:
3375:Ulster Med J
3374:
3364:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3320:
3315:
3304:. Retrieved
3295:
3285:
3278:Crellin 1994
3273:
3262:. Retrieved
3253:
3243:
3223:
3216:
3205:. Retrieved
3189:The Guardian
3188:
3178:
3167:. Retrieved
3152:
3145:
3134:. Retrieved
3126:NBC10 Boston
3125:
3115:
3067:
3060:
3049:. Retrieved
3040:
3031:
3020:. Retrieved
3011:
3002:
2991:. Retrieved
2982:
2972:
2961:. Retrieved
2953:The Atlantic
2952:
2942:
2931:. Retrieved
2916:
2897:
2891:
2863:. Retrieved
2854:
2844:
2824:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2801:the original
2796:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2735:
2727:
2711:
2691:
2684:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2602:
2594:
2584:
2577:
2567:
2561:
2550:. Retrieved
2541:
2531:
2511:
2504:
2484:
2477:
2466:. Retrieved
2457:
2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2387:
2380:
2360:
2353:
2333:
2326:
2307:
2287:
2272:
2261:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2222:
2215:
2195:
2188:
2168:
2161:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2083:
2076:
2056:
2049:
2029:
2022:
1992:(2): 65–69.
1989:
1985:
1979:
1938:
1934:
1906:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1768:
1731:
1725:
1705:
1698:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1635:
1621:cite journal
1570:
1566:
1542:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1489:
1485:
1452:
1445:
1410:
1406:
1373:
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1294:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1195:royal patent
1182:
1083:beef extract
1047:calf's brain
1001:laughing gas
999:: a form of
953:tuberculosis
897:dry counties
879:tuberculosis
772:
670:
646:Jules Chéret
590:South Africa
462:antacid drug
420:constipation
346:
291:quack remedy
263:Lithia water
243:Herbal tonic
237:effervescent
157:
132:dynamic list
109:
96:sarsaparilla
69:
40:
34:
26:
23:E. W. Kemble
15:
4854:Hix, Lisa.
4609:October 21,
4576:October 21,
4434:5 September
3601:15 February
3496:(12): 326.
2807:1 September
2751:26 December
2726:." (2001).
2060:. Villard.
1201:Vin Mariani
1113:facial peel
1075:coca leaves
949:New Zealand
939:acetic acid
809:portmanteau
564:soft drink.
562:New England
548:common cold
544:home remedy
428:biliousness
403:caffeinated
377:ingredient.
371:seasickness
350:soft drinks
275:World War I
171:Aphrodisiac
105:advertising
100:wintergreen
61:trademarked
5309:Categories
5296:The Lancet
5062:2020-11-18
5024:2019-10-17
4971:(4): 155.
4946:2020-11-18
4908:2020-11-18
4870:2019-09-18
4840:2020-11-18
4802:2019-09-02
4768:2011-10-01
4737:2008-08-06
4707:2008-08-06
4677:2019-09-02
4640:August 30,
4546:2020-11-18
4508:2020-11-18
4390:10 January
4322:2019-09-03
4292:2019-09-01
4213:(10): 48.
4111:2019-08-23
4004:Pediatrics
3818:2020-02-15
3723:10088/2421
3658:2019-08-23
3449:(4): 252.
3306:2019-12-16
3264:2019-09-02
3207:2019-09-02
3169:2019-09-02
3136:2019-01-26
3051:2019-09-03
3022:2019-12-18
2993:2019-09-03
2963:2019-08-23
2933:2019-08-23
2865:2019-08-31
2638:The Lancet
2552:2019-12-16
2468:2019-09-24
2438:2019-12-16
2263:2019-09-23
1908:2019-12-18
1640:Janik 2014
1544:2019-12-18
1357:2019-08-22
1328:2019-09-13
1296:2019-09-13
1268:References
1143:lemon peel
1125:turpentine
1057:Eben Byers
927:by weight.
847:gum Arabic
747:chloroform
735:Chlorodyne
715:Bile Beans
695:acetanilid
691:Antikamnia
665:chloroform
661:belladonna
642:lithograph
494:overeating
233:Fruit salt
197:prehistory
130:This is a
5315:Deception
4977:0031-7047
4360:1 January
4227:1054-0725
4026:23 August
4016:0031-4005
3502:0093-402X
3463:0098-7484
3197:0261-3077
3105:ignored (
3095:cite book
2777:23 August
2660:0140-6736
2153:163105374
2137:0041-977X
1998:0031-7047
1971:245846177
1955:0035-8991
1864:0002-936X
1805:0959-8138
1674:0095-1390
1587:0033-3549
1429:0025-6196
1079:kola nuts
1019:Coca-Cola
991:poisoning
981:Nine oils
823:chlorosis
574:Sanatogen
498:hangovers
452:Dr Pepper
446:impotence
438:Coca-Cola
424:dyspepsia
389:purgative
385:blue mass
307:Vermifuge
287:Snake oil
203:Coca wine
28:Collier's
5056:Archived
5018:Archived
4985:41111251
4940:Archived
4902:Archived
4864:Archived
4834:Archived
4796:Archived
4762:Archived
4668:Archived
4634:Archived
4603:Archived
4570:Archived
4540:Archived
4502:Archived
4452:Archived
4428:Archived
4384:Archived
4354:Archived
4316:Archived
4286:Archived
4244:Archived
4105:Archived
4020:Archived
3950:19298591
3860:14531402
3809:Archived
3731:11633173
3652:Archived
3595:Archived
3520:18734242
3471:71963503
3424:44438162
3397:20476409
3356:19739440
3300:Archived
3258:Archived
3201:Archived
3130:Archived
3087:11618571
3045:Archived
3016:Archived
2987:Archived
2957:Archived
2927:Archived
2859:Archived
2771:Archived
2745:Archived
2720:Archived
2668:22509528
2546:Archived
2462:Archived
2432:Archived
2257:Archived
2014:11623341
2006:41111519
1963:40657923
1902:Archived
1829:22420837
1821:20008435
1813:25673512
1690:18300407
1613:10501130
1538:Archived
1486:Br Med J
1437:28870369
1351:Archived
1322:Archived
1290:Archived
1252:Quackery
1226:See also
1115:made of
1053:Radithor
987:Orvietan
859:syphilis
833:leukemia
743:cannabis
739:laudanum
719:laxative
685:Portugal
677:cinchona
546:for the
502:digestif
432:laxative
416:headache
375:cocktail
315:santonin
297:Tincture
253:Liniment
217:liqueurs
189:solvents
181:solution
78:such as
65:patented
4382:. FDA.
4267:, p. 25
4192:7610232
4183:1382135
3958:6676910
3909:8505753
3900:1294007
3593:. NPR.
3511:1652258
3388:2480209
2145:4145845
1880:3638913
1872:3425579
1682:4053198
1604:1308491
1595:4598417
1516:4816855
1507:1633222
1219:malaria
1117:mercury
1093:cowboys
1029:catarrh
925:ethanol
891:in the
885:Hadacol
791:mercury
761:: this
681:malaria
657:aconite
586:Zam-Buk
530:menthol
281:Panacea
213:Cordial
92:mercury
84:arsenic
72:alcohol
5263:
5236:
5211:
5184:
5157:
5132:
5107:
5048:
5010:
4983:
4975:
4932:
4894:
4826:
4532:
4494:
4346:
4225:
4190:
4180:
4147:
4078:
4051:
4014:
3981:
3956:
3948:
3907:
3897:
3858:
3779:
3754:
3729:
3626:
3568:
3518:
3508:
3500:
3469:
3461:
3422:
3395:
3385:
3354:
3231:
3195:
3160:
3085:
3075:
2904:
2832:
2699:
2676:791211
2674:
2666:
2658:
2615:
2519:
2492:
2424:
2395:
2368:
2341:
2314:
2230:
2203:
2176:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2099:
2064:
2037:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1941:: 78.
1878:
1870:
1862:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1746:
1713:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1611:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1514:
1504:
1460:
1435:
1427:
1381:
1347:Hagley
1163:, and
1139:brandy
1123:, and
1121:sulfur
1081:, and
1033:mascot
1025:Peruna
853:, and
819:anemia
745:, and
663:, and
520:Lithia
426:, and
223:Elixir
185:resins
177:Balsam
90:, and
4981:JSTOR
4671:(PDF)
4660:(PDF)
4263:, in
4010:(6).
3954:S2CID
3812:(PDF)
3801:(PDF)
3467:S2CID
3420:JSTOR
3352:S2CID
2672:S2CID
2149:S2CID
2141:JSTOR
2002:JSTOR
1967:S2CID
1959:JSTOR
1868:JSTOR
1825:S2CID
1809:JSTOR
1678:JSTOR
1591:JSTOR
1071:Irish
1069:: an
1067:Sedna
855:syrup
851:honey
763:opium
723:tonic
568:Pepsi
554:Moxie
542:as a
490:amaro
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