19:
1192:
89:, the courts have consistently declined to put limits on the president's discretion. The president can issue a full pardon, reversing a criminal conviction (along with its legal effects) as if it never happened. A pardon can be issued from the time an offense is committed, and can even be issued after the full sentence has been served. The president can issue a reprieve, commuting a criminal sentence, lessening its severity, its duration, or both while leaving a record of the conviction in place. Additionally, the president can make a pardon conditional, or vacate a conviction while leaving parts of the sentence in place, like the payment of fines or restitution.
3053:. He was convicted on two counts of second-degree murder for ordering soldiers in his platoon to open fire at three men sitting on a motorcycle in southern Afghanistan in July 2012 while his platoon was on combat patrol. During the trial all platoon members testified that the men were sitting, unmoving on a motorcycle while the defendant claimed the motorcycle was approaching at a high speed. He was sentenced to 19 years in prison in August 2013, and sent to
6569:
6593:
6581:
6532:
6393:
6383:
6373:
3627:
3153:, a New York–based Dutch lawyer who was convicted on a guilty plea in Feb. 2018 of making false statements to law enforcement officers in the investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election. Mr. van der Zwaan served his 30-day jail sentence, paid a $ 20,000 fine, and was deported after his release from jail. Trump pardoned him on December 23, 2020.
6557:
1986:
It is important to note that "until the
Eisenhower Administration, each pardon grant was evidenced by its own separate warrant signed by the president. President Eisenhower began the practice of granting pardons by the batch, through the device of a "master warrant" listing all of the names of those
2838:
member sentenced in 1981 to 55 years in prison for seditious conspiracy, use of force to commit robbery, interstate transportation of firearms, and conspiracy to transport explosives with intent to destroy government property, and subsequently to an additional 15 years for attempted escape in 1988.
1976:– military court-martial for brutal murder in 1954; death sentence commuted to life imprisonment in 1960, with the condition that he would never be released. Legal challenge went to the Supreme Court, questioning the constitutionality of the punishment "Life Imprisonment Without Parole". Decided in
914:
the court stated: "A pardon is a deed, to the validity of which delivery is essential, and delivery is not complete without acceptance. It may then be rejected by the person to whom it is tendered; and if it is rejected, we have discovered no power in this court to force it upon him." While Wilson
3262:
Reza
Sarhangpour Kafrani, for conspiracy to unlawfully export goods to Iran via the United Arab Emirates, and to defraud the United States; unlawful exports and attempted unlawful export of goods to Iran via the United Arab Emirates (two counts); failure to file electronic export information;
3085:, pleaded guilty to tax fraud and perjury in 2010 for concealing apartment renovations paid for by a contractor that the city had blacklisted because of suspected ties to organized crime. Was sentenced to four years in prison in 2010; was released in May 2013. Pardoned on February 18, 2020.
100:'s first term (1885–89) were handwritten by the president; thereafter, pardons were prepared for the president by administrative staff requiring only that the president sign it. The records of these presidential acts were openly available for public inspection until 1934. In 1981 the
3704:
p. 34, Vallandigham, Clement Laird. The Trial Hon. Clement L. Vallandigham by a
Military Commission: and the Proceedings Under His Application for a Writ of Habeas Corpus in the Circuit Court of the US for the Southern District of Ohio. Cincinnati, OH: Rickey and Carroll,
1214:– On Christmas Day, 1868, Johnson issued a full and unconditional pardon and amnesty to all former Confederates of the rebellion (earlier amnesties requiring signed oaths and excluding certain classes of people were issued by both Lincoln and Johnson). Among them were:
6046:
6229:
6344:
6307:
6354:
6327:
4691:
6337:
1911:
6349:
3159:, an American rapper who confessed to lying on background checks associated with purchasing firearms during two separate instances in 2019. Commuted on January 20, 2021, after already having served "nearly half" of his 46-month sentence.
3218:
On
October 6, 2022, Biden pardoned all those convicted of what was previously the federal offense of simple possession of marijuana, totaling 6,500, via Proclamation 10467. This excluded non-U.S. citizens and those who were considered
6281:
5233:
6291:
6098:
6031:
5887:
1666:; President Wilson then granted him a full pardon for all of his federal offenses, which he refused. He continued to plead the 5th, at which he was sentenced by a federal judge for contempt. It was then that the Supreme Court (in
6317:
6158:
6332:
2953:, an unemployed parcel delivery worker and first-time drug offender sentenced to life without parole in 1996 for conspiracy to possess cocaine, attempted possession of cocaine, and money laundering. Commuted on June 6, 2018.
6219:
4614:
6322:
6103:
2724:. Was sentenced to 30 months in prison and fined him $ 250,000 on June 5, 2007. Libby received commutation of his prison sentence, not a full pardon, on July 2, 2007. Libby later received a full pardon from President
5709:
6224:
5797:
5762:
6143:
6138:
6068:
6014:
5892:
5834:
4945:
5802:
6133:
5819:
4180:"Statement of U.S. Attorney Johnny Sutton Following Today's Oral Argument Before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Re: United States of America V. Ignacio Ramos and Jose Alonso Compean"
3039:. He was accused of murder after the 2010 killing of an unarmed Afghan bomb maker who was a prisoner of war, and the U.S. Army had opened an investigation of him in 2016. Pardoned on November 15, 2019.
6429:
6163:
6148:
5839:
751:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 119 people. One of his first acts upon taking office was to issue a general pardon for any person convicted under the
Sedition Act. Among them are:
3955:
1672:) reinforced the necessity of accepting a pardon to be valid; the federal judge had imprisoned Burdick on the grounds that he was claiming falsely his need for protection against self-incrimination.
6271:
6153:
5824:
6276:
5986:
2163:" – convicted of treason in 1949, paroled in 1956. She was pardoned on January 19, 1977, Ford's last day in office. The only U.S. citizen convicted of treason during World War II to be pardoned.
3133:
wrote that accepting the offer of a pardon would wrongly validate the trial proceedings in the same manner that paying the original fine would have, noting
Anthony's former outrage and refusal.
919:
of
Philadelphia dated January 14, 1841, suggests that he was in prison for ten years until released. He received another pardon from President Martin Van Buren, which he accepted. However, the
6286:
6256:
5941:
5807:
5167:
2835:
2532:
6128:
5902:
5880:
5792:
1987:
pardoned, which also delegated to the
Attorney General (or, later, the Deputy Attorney General or Pardon Attorney) authority to sign individual warrants evidencing the president's action."
6481:
6476:
6108:
5976:
5875:
5844:
2904:
2849:
2761:
4528:
2513:. He had agreed to plead guilty to a misdemeanor for mishandling government secrets on January 19, 2001, but President Clinton pardoned him in his last day in office, two days before the
6261:
6121:
5991:
5914:
5897:
5812:
5702:
3499:
History of the second war between the United States of
America and Great Britain: declared by act of Congress, the 18th of June, 1812, and concluded by peace, the 15th of February, 1815
2486:
4923:
18:
6623:
5870:
5492:
3126:
2078:
2601:– business partners; indicted by U.S. Attorney on charges of tax evasion and illegal trading with Iran in 1983 and fled the country that year. Pardoned in 2001 after Rich's ex-wife,
6168:
6073:
5787:
4179:
6063:
5981:
5946:
3111:. He was sentenced to 40 months in prison, but on July 10, 2020, President Trump commuted the sentence before Stone reported to prison. Trump pardoned Stone on December 23, 2020.
6613:
6536:
6053:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5909:
5434:
6093:
6026:
5951:
5929:
5695:
5553:
3683:
1499:– On January 4, 1893, granted amnesty and pardon for the offense of engaging in polygamous or plural marriage to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
6019:
1191:
4763:
3075:. Was convicted of soliciting bribes, extortion, and wire fraud on June 27, 2011, and sentenced to 14 years in prison. Was commuted to time served on February 18, 2020.
1663:
5190:
2987:, a British newspaper publisher convicted in 2007 of fraud and obstruction of justice for scheming to siphon off millions of dollars from the sale of newspapers, spent
1092:– a free black man who was tried and convicted of assisting slaves to escape, convicted in 1851; pardoned in 1854; only known presidential pardon of a Black person for
6116:
3046:
1496:
3640:
6248:
5865:
5782:
4937:
2248:
1896:– Louisiana building contractor convicted in 1940 of income tax evasion and bribery for requiring kickbacks from contractors, paroled the following year; pardoned
6415:
6266:
6239:
6178:
63:
4596:
3259:
Amin
Hasanzadeh, for conspiracy to unlawfully export technology to Iran and to defraud the United States; unlawful export of technology to Iran (seven counts).
2897:
sailor pleaded guilty to unauthorized possession and retention of national defense information in 2016, released the following year. Pardoned on March 9, 2018.
5464:
5384:
3236:
Charlie Byrnes Jackson, Gary Parks Davis, Edward Lincoln De Coito III, and John Dix Nock III, for the illegal distribution of marijuana, cocaine, and whiskey.
2741:, convicted of making false statements to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in 2001; pardoned in 2008 and the pardon revoked one day later.
6454:
6058:
5732:
2365:
2317:– FBI officials convicted in December 1980 of authorizing illegal break-ins and fined. Pardoned on March 20, 1981. Mark Felt later in life admitted to being
4364:
3272:
as part of a prisoner exchange. Saab was detained on charges of conspiracy to commit money laundering and laundering of monetary instruments (eight counts).
6041:
4469:
3824:"Proclamation 346 – Granting Amnesty and Pardon for the Offense of Engaging in Polygamous or Plural Marriage to Members of the Church of Latter-Day Saints"
4302:
2251:, was arrested and accused of treason in 1865. Charges were brought in 1868 but was absolved of any guilt for participation in the Civil War by President
6312:
5757:
5282:
4406:
2194:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 566 people, and in addition to that pardoned over 200,000 Vietnam War draft evaders. Among them are:
1953:
1907:
3256:
Kaveh Lotfolah Afrasiabi, for conspiracy to act as an unregistered agent of a foreign principal; acting as an unregistered agent of a foreign principal.
1207:
were pardoned just before the election of 1864. President Andrew Johnson pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 654 people. Among them are:
5376:
6519:
6471:
5936:
5924:
5849:
4450:
2657:
2408:
2037:– reputed organized crime member convicted of mail fraud in 1939, released in 1949, scheduled to be deported. Pardoned in 1962 after investigation by
5163:
5137:
4727:
2937:, which made it illegal to transport women across state lines for "immoral" purposes, released after one year. Posthumously pardoned on May 24, 2018.
6628:
4320:
3122:
1528:
75:
4632:
6459:
6196:
5767:
5727:
5500:
4900:
4241:
2644:
2535:– commuted the sentences of 16 members of FALN, a Puerto Rican clandestine paramilitary organization operating mostly in Chicago and New York City
2463:
767:
735:; convicted of treason due to opposition to a tax; Fries and others were pardoned, and a general amnesty was issued for everyone involved in 1800.
4981:
4542:
6618:
2584:
2404:
2115:– convicted of conspiracy to commit murder and extortion in March 1970; was pardoned in late 1972 due to poor health, died on October 20, 1973.
1655:
3125:
who was convicted of voting in the 1872 election. Posthumously pardoned on August 18, 2020, the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the
1949:– hotel executive and Democratic Party campaign financier, convicted of tax evasion and mail fraud in 1940, released in 1942; pardoned in 1947
1611:– ice shipping magnate convicted in 1909 of violations of federal banking laws; pardoned in 1912 due to ill health (later found to be feigned)
78:: "The president shall ... have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment".
6201:
6186:
4915:
4012:
3608:
3555:
3522:
3104:
2944:
2510:
755:
6438:
5996:
5777:
4709:
4186:
3282:
2071:– Former Alabama Congressman convicted of bribery in 1963; pardoned in 1965 at the request of departing Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.
2004:
1893:
2784:, he pleaded guilty to giving false statements to federal investigators in 2016 and was awaiting sentencing. Pardoned on January 17, 2017.
6422:
6211:
5615:
3956:"Proclamation 2762--Granting pardon to certain persons convicted of violating the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 as amended"
2828:, pleaded guilty to tax evasion in 1979 and received three and a half years in prison and a $ 20,000 fine. Pardoned on January 17, 2017.
2514:
2276:
1659:
5205:
4339:
3880:
904:
George Wilson – convicted of robbing the United States mails. Strangely, Wilson refused to accept the pardon. The case went before the
3477:
3096:
2920:
2421:
1394:
71:
5407:
2235:, had pleaded guilty to a morals charge involving a 14-year-old girl in 1970 and served three months in prison, was pardoned in 1980.
5919:
5650:
3139:, retired United States Army lieutenant general and the 25th National Security Advisor. Flynn withdrew his original guilty plea for
3082:
2717:
2624:
2178:
1973:
1541:– Atheist newspaper publisher jailed for sending obscene material in the mail in 1899; sentence commuted after six months in prison
4582:
3810:
Proclamation 179 – Granting Full Pardon and Amnesty for the Offense of Treason Against the United States During the Late Civil War
2449:– 1957 conviction of Conspiracy to Receive and Obtain National Defense Information and transmit same to foreign government in the
1203:
pardoned about 7,000 people in the "over $ 20,000" class (taxable property over $ 20,000) by May 4, 1866. More than 600 prominent
5523:
3419:
3187:
2606:
2506:
2238:
2172:
1903:
1132:
893:
4185:(Press release). U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office, Western District of Texas. December 3, 2007. Archived from
2818:
player, pleaded guilty to tax evasion in 1995 and received two years probation and a $ 5,000 fine. Pardoned on January 17, 2017.
6464:
5971:
5582:
4432:
1704:. Convicted of Murder on January 24, 1903, he was sentenced to life in prison. His sentence was commuted on November 10, 1914.
1433:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,107 (est.) people during his two, non-consecutive terms. Among them are:
5182:
3894:
3665:
2542:
1930:
1920:
1369:
59:
4669:
4154:
6504:
3743:
3242:
John Dix Nock III, for renting and making for use, as an owner, a place for the purpose of manufacturing marijuana plants.
3026:
2489:. Pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count for lying to the FBI in 1999 about payments to a mistress, and was fined $ 10,000.
2440:
1852:
evidence used against him constituted a violation of his constitutional rights to privacy and against self-incrimination;
1694:
1686:
in June 1918, pardoned after serving nine months. Only person convicted under this law to receive a full executive pardon.
1222:
1162:
101:
6547:
5668:
5342:
4745:
4513:
4090:
3183:
2634:
2336:
2020:
1940:
5687:
6509:
6036:
4038:
3858:
2748:
2678:
2443:
just before his pardon. Pardoned for illegally contributing $ 54,000 to Richard Nixon's presidential campaign in 1972.
1437:
1341:
1309:
1211:
905:
744:
331:
5610:
3572:
5662:
4063:
2450:
2150:
1679:
961:
67:
5111:
5085:
4692:"Trump has commuted the life sentence of Alice Marie Johnson, a woman whose case was championed by Kim Kardashian"
2028:
5772:
5308:
5259:
4494:
4013:"A CODE TO KEEP: The True Story of America's Longest-Held Civilian Prisoner of War in Vietnam by Ernest C. Brace"
3982:
2685:
1858:
1602:
1417:
1287:
1277:
3715:
2355:– Convicted of illegal Nixon campaign contributions and obstruction of justice in 1974; pardoned in January 1989
3684:"Abraham Lincoln: Deciding the Fate of 300 Indians Convicted of War Crimes in Minnesota's Great Sioux Uprising"
2866:
1845:
1668:
1578:
1237:
1232:
4387:
4212:
2627:
and pleaded guilty to mail fraud in 1996. Served his entire 17-month sentence, then pardoned in December 2000.
2577:– former naval intelligence officer, convicted of espionage and theft of government property in 1985; pardoned
2571:
land deal. Guilty of contempt of court, she served her entire sentence starting in 1998 and was then pardoned.
3330:
2551:– Convicted of bank robbery in 1976 after being kidnapped and allegedly brainwashed. Prison term commuted by
6514:
4982:"Trump grants clemency to 2 Army officers accused of war crimes, restores rank to Navy SEAL Eddie Gallagher"
3493:
3338:
3140:
3100:
2738:
2318:
2136:
2132:
1731:
1690:
1178:
Various men who enlisted in the army, but who were, among other circumstances, underage, bounty jumpers, or
989:
910:
763:
719:
27:
4564:
2379:
2335:
convicted of mail fraud and racketeering in 1977; granted clemency in 1981; conviction later overturned in
4650:
3130:
3091:, a longtime political operative and friend of Donald Trump, was convicted in November 2019 on charges of
2912:
2887:
meatpacking magnate sentenced to 27 years in prison for bank fraud in 2010. Commuted on December 20, 2017.
2568:
2156:
1575:
sentenced to life in prison for robbery in 1899, freed on technicality three years later; pardoned in 1904
1455:
1390:
965:
949:
920:
226:
86:
2647:
of the early 1970s, was convicted of illegal explosives possession in 1984, commuted on January 20, 2001.
2211:
figure. Convicted for 20 years for conspiracy, burglary, and illegal wiretapping; commuted after serving
1535:
political activist convicted of contempt of court in 1901; pardoned after spending three months in prison
5656:
5493:"Biden pardons thousands of people convicted of marijuana possession, orders review of federal pot laws"
2815:
2602:
2574:
2272:
1824:
1725:
1538:
1471:
1441:
1297:
1272:
1252:
1158:
1025:
781:
497:
4892:
3248:
Gary Parks Davis, for illegal use of communication facility to facilitate unlawful cocaine transaction.
2831:
6573:
6486:
6396:
5025:
4131:
3230:
3204:
3064:
2933:, a champion boxer who was convicted in 1913 while traveling with his white girlfriend for violating
2930:
2874:
2731:
2538:
2476:
2436:
2332:
2232:
2082:
1966:
1916:
1257:
1169:
1154:
1148:
1093:
805:
732:
728:
521:
3768:
1978:
1022:
in 1848. Frémont later became the 1856 Republican candidate for the Presidency of the United States.
6191:
4533:
3881:"The Bulletin 15 May 1920 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program"
3220:
2950:
2352:
1797:
1763:
1591:
1358:
1345:
1217:
869:
813:
437:
350:
6392:
6382:
6372:
5051:
4959:
2523:– convicted of wire fraud, filing false income tax returns, and securities fraud in 1992; pardoned
3211:. Among the released American detainees were five oil executives, part of the group known as the
3150:
3050:
3036:
3032:
3018:
2974:
2956:
2682:
2630:
2610:
2492:
2282:
2169:– Confederate general during the Civil War, full rights of citizenship were posthumously restored
1853:
1838:
convicted of violating Prohibition laws in 1932; pardoned in 1933 after the repeal of Prohibition
1755:
1551:
1282:
1227:
1089:
929:
773:
424:
1011:
4960:"Trump pardons Zay Jeffries, World War II scientist who helped develop tank-piercing artillery"
4764:"Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Clemency for Dwight and Steven Hammond"
4615:"Trump pardons conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, suggests others also could receive clemency"
3862:
3795:
2201:– Attempted assassination of President Harry S. Truman in 1950; commuted to time served in 1979
1161:
Congressman from Ohio sentenced for disloyalty in 1863; sentence commuted, and deported to the
5350:
5316:
5059:
4260:
3614:
3604:
3551:
3518:
3473:
3208:
3200:
3144:
3092:
2940:
2870:
2781:
2637:
convicted of bank fraud in 1997, the conviction was overturned in 1999; subsequently pardoned.
2520:
2417:
2371:
2140:
2074:
2061:
2038:
1849:
1714:
1619:
1614:
1598:
1558:
1488:
1406:
1386:
1173:
969:
861:
723:
697:
689:
609:
590:
545:
461:
399:
374:
362:
190:
130:
105:
93:
55:
3983:"Of Pardons, Politics and Collar Buttons: Reflections on the President's Duty to be Merciful"
3641:"Sold – Only Known Presidential Pardon of a Black Person For Underground Railroad Activities"
3547:
3540:
3497:
1581:– convicted of land fraud in 1906; pardoned after 18 months so he could turn state's evidence
6561:
6376:
5558:
5531:
4865:
4839:
4813:
4787:
4538:
4279:
3114:
3054:
3022:
2890:
2880:
2794:
for murdering two taxi drivers in 1988. Commuted to life without parole on January 17, 2017.
2787:
2774:
2616:
2314:
2268:
2181:– military court-martial for brutal murder; commuted to life with the possibility of parole.
1926:
1807:
1793:
1675:
1608:
1521:
1461:
1430:
1413:
1334:
1267:
1058:
942:
748:
708:
411:
386:
338:
274:
214:
154:
97:
5138:"NY Times, NowThis accused of trying to 'cancel' Susan B. Anthony, Dems blast Trump pardon"
5002:
4938:"Ex-Glendale Assemblyman Pat Nolan pardoned by President Trump for racketeering conviction"
3597:
Various (2013). Feller, Daniel; Moss, Laura-Eve; Coens, Thomas; Alexander, Erik B. (eds.).
1344:– All but 500 former top Confederate leaders were pardoned when President Grant signed the
6585:
6386:
5611:"Office of the Pardon Attorney | Pardons Granted by President Joseph Biden (2021-Present)"
3060:
2970:
2797:
2778:
2744:
2640:
2389:
2244:
2204:
2146:
2068:
1996:
1886:
1835:
1814:
veteran, convicted of conspiring to defraud the U.S. government in 1927; pardoned in 1933.
1744:
1444:
indicted for manslaughter in 1883; pardoned in 1886 after lobbying from his fellow Rangers
1321:
1302:
1247:
1242:
1136:
1082:
1033:
770:, receiving the harshest sentence of anyone; pardoned along with all violators of the act.
533:
509:
473:
310:
286:
4114:
2545:
cadet was found guilty of "conduct unbecoming an officer" in 1882. Posthumously pardoned.
2499:
of Bill Clinton. After serving a year in federal prison (1985–86) for cocaine possession.
1800:
convicted of Mail Fraud in 1924, paroled in 1927; pardoned in 1930 after learning of the
3823:
2873:
for refusing to end the practice of "immigrant round ups," and was awaiting sentencing.
6407:
5234:"In Mueller probe, son-in-law of Russian businessman pleads guilty to false statements"
5007:
4768:
3788:
3446:
3179:
3108:
2977:
First Lieutenant who was convicted in 2009 of murdering an unarmed prisoner during the
2924:
2811:
2705:
2663:
2564:
2529:– Puerto Rican artist and activist, convicted of seditious conspiracy in 1980; pardoned
2526:
2482:
2479:– Nutritional supplement magnate, convicted of mail fraud and perjury in 1983; pardoned
2384:
2342:
2252:
2112:
2010:
1869:
1831:
1786:
1721:
1647:
1561:– Filipino general received death sentence in 1902 for anti-American activities in the
1447:
1204:
1200:
1106:
1066:
1046:
915:
refused the pardon, he avoided being hanged unlike his accomplice who was. A report in
897:
823:
633:
485:
449:
322:
298:
262:
202:
6580:
5112:"Susan B. Anthony: Trump pardons suffragist arrested for voting before 19th Amendment"
3423:
2688:
on February 17, 2005, and tried to cover up the incident received commutation in 2009.
2277:
opened fire in the U.S. House of Representatives and wounding five Congressmen in 1954
1554:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 981 (est.) people. Among them are:
1524:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 918 (est.) people. Among them are:
696:
Philip Vigol (or Wigle) and John Mitchel, convicted of treason for their roles in the
6607:
5645:
5640:
5587:
3136:
3078:
3042:
2981:. Sentenced to 25 years in military prison, paroled in 2014. Pardoned on May 7, 2019.
2900:
2801:
2721:
2701:
2691:
2674:
2558:
2432:
2425:
2412:
2328:
2303:
2198:
2166:
2095:
2044:
2015:
1946:
1936:
1899:
1773:
1769:
1751:
1697:
and was sentenced to one year's imprisonment. He served four months and was pardoned.
1683:
1572:
1475:
1373:
1195:
President Andrew Johnson pardoning Rebels at the White House, sketched by Stanley Fox
1144:
1113:
1029:
1015:
1004:
882:
794:
597:
557:
250:
166:
47:
31:
5086:"Trump Gives Clemency to More Allies, Including Manafort, Stone and Charles Kushner"
2804:
in July 2013, sentenced to 35 years in prison for providing classified documents to
2751:
heavy bombers to Israel in the late 1940s; served 18 months in prison; died in 1984.
2591:. Convicted of bank fraud and obstruction of justice in 1997; sentence was commuted.
2293:
in 1977; jailed for 16 months. His sentence was commuted by Carter in December 1980.
2255:'s Fourth Amnesty Proclamation on Christmas Day of that year. Posthumously pardoned.
5554:"US Puts Conditions on Clemencies for 3 Iranians Staying in US After Prisoner Swap"
3845:
3304:
3147:
had ruled the matter to be placed on hold. Flynn was pardoned on November 25, 2020.
3072:
3014:
3008:
2984:
2964:
2916:
2855:
2821:
2767:
2725:
2713:
2670:
2598:
2580:
2552:
2548:
2496:
2469:
2394:
2262:
2258:
2228:
2191:
1841:
1801:
1532:
1365:
1292:
844:
819:
809:
801:
777:
657:
645:
621:
581:
178:
5260:"Alex van der Zwaan, only person to serve time in Mueller investigation, deported"
5011:, Helene Cooper and Dave Phillips, November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
2770:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the conviction of 1,927 people. Among them were:
2265:
in 1976 after being kidnapped and allegedly brainwashed; sentence commuted in 1979
2064:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 1,187 people. Among them are:
1734:– convicted of sedition under the Espionage Act of 1917; sentence commuted in 1921
4470:"Trump pardons sailor convicted of photographing sub's nuclear propulsion system"
3626:
2858:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 237 people. Among them were:
2666:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 200 people. Among them were:
1889:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 2,044 people. Among them are:
1789:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,385 people. Among them are:
1747:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,545 people. Among them are:
1650:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 2,480 people. Among them are:
1337:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,332 people. Among them are:
868:
Captain L. O. Helland – arrested for having more passengers on board the vessel (
44:
list of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
6592:
5469:
3933:
3156:
3088:
3068:
2709:
2555:
and was released from prison in 1979. She was fully pardoned by Clinton in 2001.
2502:
2472:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 459 people. Among them are:
2306:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 406 people. Among them are:
2128:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 409 people. Among them are:
2125:
2106:
2102:
2098:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 926 people. Among them are:
2034:
1999:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 575 people. Among them are:
1969:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,157 people. Among them is:
1811:
1701:
1568:
1562:
1315:
831:
569:
70:; the only limits mentioned in the Constitution are that pardons are limited to
35:
23:
4433:"Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio, Who Became Face of Crackdown on Illegal Immigration"
3809:
3470:
Liberty's First Crisis: Adams, Jefferson, and the Misfits Who Saved Free Speech
3239:
Vincente Ray Flores, for consuming drugs while serving in the military in 2006.
3172:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded several convictions, including the following:
2374:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 77 people. Among them are:
1717:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 800 people. Among them are:
1594:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 758 people. Among them are:
1491:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 613 people. Among them are:
1139:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 343 people. Among them are:
1109:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 150 people. Among them are:
1061:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 170 people. Among them are:
1007:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 268 people. Among them are:
984:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 209 people. Among them are:
945:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 168 people. Among them are:
864:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 183 people. Among them are:
847:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 419 people. Among them are:
797:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 196 people. Among them are:
692:
pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 16 people. Among them are:
6597:
5672:
4710:"Trump commutes life sentence for drug offender backed by Kim Kardashian West"
3666:"President James Buchanan, on His Next to Last Day in Office, Pardons a Judge"
3118:
2862:
2567:– business partner with Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton in the failed
2446:
2399:
2160:
1409:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 337 people. Among them is:
1361:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 893 people. Among them is:
1262:
981:
900:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 386 people. Among them is:
715:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 20 people. Among them are:
712:
238:
142:
5354:
5320:
5063:
4651:"Dinesh D'Souza, Pardoned by Trump, Claims Victory Over Obama Administration"
3598:
3029:
and fined; died in 1965. Posthumously pardoned by Trump on October 10, 2019.
2561:– NASCAR team owner & champion; convicted of mail fraud in 1997; pardoned
5164:"Susan B. Anthony Museum Rejects President Trump's Pardon Of The Suffragist"
3936:. US Department of Justice – Office of the Pardon Attorney. October 10, 2013
3269:
3212:
3169:
3004:
2927:
in July 2007, shortly after Libby's conviction. Pardoned on April 13, 2018.
2894:
2825:
2805:
2594:
2322:
2310:
2286:
2208:
1863:
1654:
George Burdick – a New York newspaper editor, who had refused to testify in
1451:
1179:
669:
3898:
3515:
A Comprehensive Catalogue of the Correspondence and Papers of James Monroe
5183:"On News of a Presidential Pardon for Susan B. Anthony on August 18, 2020"
3199:
On October 1, 2022, Biden granted clemency to two Venezuelans, nephews of
3186:
agent and the first African-American Secret Service agent assigned to the
1910:
in 1950; Commuted death sentence to life sentence; also see listing under
5408:"Venezuela frees seven jailed Americans in swap for two Maduro relatives"
5210:
4303:"Obama Pardons James Cartwright, General Who Lied to F.B.I. in Leak Case"
3011:
in 1994, served 2 years and 2 months in prison. Pardoned on May 16, 2019.
2978:
2934:
2735:
2620:
2588:
2290:
2031:; was fined but received no prison time. Received a full pardon in 1961.
2007:– pardoned all, in effect overturning much of the law passed by Congress.
1117:
878:
759:
5050:
Rogers, Katie; Taylor, Derrick Bryson; Murphy, Heather (July 11, 2020).
4893:"Trump pardons former Army soldier sentenced for killing Iraqi prisoner"
1468:
charges; spent 3 months in prison; full and unconditional pardon in 1885
5412:
3191:
2908:
2695:
1873:
1658:
regarding the sources used in his article concerning the collection of
1465:
988:
Alexander William Holmes – sailor convicted of voluntary manslaughter (
82:
4746:"Trump grants clemency to woman after Kim Kardashian pressed her case"
4633:"Trump to Pardon Pundit Dinesh D'Souza for Campaign Finance Violation"
1389:
was one of only two presidents who issued no pardons, the other being
968:
was one of only two presidents who issued no pardons, the other being
926:
has written that Wilson was hanged as a result of refusing the pardon.
812:
during the War of 1812; pardoned due to his heroic conduct during the
5283:"Trump pardons individuals charged in Russia probe, ex-GOP lawmakers"
2346:
2048:
2024:
1416:– former Army officer court-martialed in 1863 for his actions at the
1019:
827:
51:
5718:
Lists related to presidents and vice presidents of the United States
5026:"Trump commutes Blagojevich sentence, pardons junk bond king Milken"
4242:"President Trump pardons former Cheney chief of staff Scooter Libby"
3603:. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press. p. 697.
3245:
Edward Lincoln De Coito III, for conspiracy to distribute marijuana.
3176:
On April 26, 2022, Biden issued 3 full pardons and 75 commutations.
2959:, father and son Oregon ranchers convicted in 2012 of two counts of
1876:-born actor arrested for illegal entry into the US in 1933; pardoned
5663:
Presidential pardons page at University of Pittsburgh School of Law
5435:"Governors Split on Biden's Call to Pardon Low-Level Pot Offenders"
4728:"Trump Commutes Sentence of Drug Offender Championed by Kardashian"
4407:"Obama commutes sentence for political prisoner Oscar López Rivera"
2619:– Former Democratic member of the US House of Representatives from
2109:) in 1964; sentence commuted (with conditions) on December 23, 1971
1827:
granted 3,687 pardons in his four terms in office. Among them are:
5343:"Lil Wayne and Kodak Black Among 4 Hip-Hop Figures Trump Pardoned"
4280:"Obama grants clemency to 231 individuals, largest single day act"
3129:
which gave American women the right to vote. The president of the
2960:
2791:
2175:– Ford offered conditional amnesty to over 50,000 draft resisters.
1776:
spy and saboteur convicted in 1918; pardoned and deported in 1923.
1190:
17:
3253:
On September 14, 2023, Biden issued 2 pardons and 1 commutation.
2143:. This was the only time that a U.S. president received a pardon.
1393:. This is because Garfield only served a few months before being
5669:"Presidential Pardons: Presidential Clemency Actions, 1789–2001"
5052:"Trump Adds Roger Stone to His List of Pardons and Commutations"
4773:
4597:"Boxer Jack Johnson is posthumously pardoned by President Trump"
4245:
3618:
2884:
1759:
1601:– attorney and politician convicted in 1908 for his role in the
972:. This was due to Harrison's death shortly after taking office.
6411:
5691:
2105:– prominent labor union leader convicted of fraud and bribery (
1085:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 142 people.
3899:"Annual Report of the United States Attorney General for 1915"
2241:– Unconditional amnesty issued in the form of a pardon in 1977
1617:– steamboat captain convicted for criminal negligence for the
1049:
pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 38 people.
5651:
Presidential Clemency Actions By Administration: 1945 To 2001
4388:"On Obama's Pardon List: A Hotel Magnate Who Owned Studio 54"
1923:, convicted of fraud and mail fraud in 1947; pardoned in 1950
4495:"Trump Pardons Scooter Libby in a Case That Mirrors His Own"
4451:"Breaking News: Sholom Rubashkin Has Been Freed From Prison"
3067:, was charged with attempting to sell an appointment to the
784:. He received the lightest sentence of anyone under the Act.
5583:"Estas son las condiciones para que indultaran a Alex Saab"
4583:"Trump posthumously pardons heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson"
3502:. Vol. 2. Lippincott, Grambo & Co. pp. 82–83.
3268:
On December 20, 2023, Biden pardoned Colombian businessman
3007:, former California state legislator who pleaded guilty to
3001:
years in prison and was deported. Pardoned on May 15, 2019.
2453:; served four years, pardoned in 1991, died one year later.
1682:
political candidate convicted for alleged violation of the
677:
Excludes 6,500 pardoned for simple possession of marijuana
5646:
Presidential Clemency Actions By Fiscal Year: 1900 To 1945
5442:
4529:"'It's about time': Trump pardons late boxer Jack Johnson"
3846:
Presidential pardons page at Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt
1123:
Daniel Vandersmith – a former judge, pardoned for forgery.
4565:"Trump Pardons Jack Johnson, Heavyweight Boxing Champion"
4321:"Obama commutes death sentence for ex-soldier from Texas"
4039:"Commutations granted by President Gerald Ford (1974–77)"
2905:
chief of staff to the vice president of the United States
2850:
List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump
2762:
List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama
2349:
driver convicted of moonshining in 1956; pardoned in 1986
5377:"Biden pardons former Secret Service agent and 2 others"
5003:"Trump Clears Three Service Members in War Crimes Cases"
2694:– Hip-hop singer and songwriter sentenced for smuggling
1943:
convicted of accepting bribes in 1947; pardoned in 1952.
4431:
Hirschfeld, Julie; Haberman, Maggie (August 25, 2017).
3962:. Office of the Federal Register (OFR). August 15, 2016
3127:
19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
2153:
in light of his almost eight years as a POW in Vietnam.
2079:
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
1758:
and founder of Universal Negro Improvement Association
5206:"Trump pardons former national security adviser Flynn"
4213:"Talent and friends get singer John Forte out of jail"
1848:
in 1926, released in 1931; appealed, arguing that the
6545:
6537:
Category: Recipients of American presidential pardons
6355:
Unsuccessful major party vice presidential candidates
3794:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. pp.
3542:
Uncommon Defense: Indian Allies in the Black Hawk War
874:) than were allowed by American law; pardoned in 1825
5465:"Statement from President Biden on Marijuana Reform"
5406:
Pamuk, Humeyra; Spetalnick, Matt (October 1, 2022).
5189:. The National Susan B. Anthony Museum & House.
3233:
in alleged self-defense against her husband in 1977.
1065:
Daniel Drayton and Edward Sayres – convicted in the
6497:
6445:
6300:
6247:
6238:
6210:
6177:
6086:
6005:
5858:
5748:
5741:
5309:"Kodak Black Sentenced to Nearly 4 Years in Prison"
4365:"Willie McCovey pardoned by President Barack Obama"
4340:"Obama Commutes Bulk of Chelsea Manning's Sentence"
4259:Stout, David; Lichtblau, Eric (December 24, 2008).
3934:"Presidential Clemency Statistics: 1900 to Present"
2003:First-time offenders convicted of crimes under the
1933:, convicted of mail fraud in 1940; pardoned in 1947
932:– Convicted of perjury, pardoned November 16, 1831.
5204:Cheney, Kyle; Gerstein, Josh (November 25, 2020).
4668:Diamond, Jeremy; Collins, Kaitlan (June 6, 2018).
3812:. presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
3787:
3539:
1072:(transporting slaves to freedom) in 1848; pardoned
2943:, author and documentary filmmaker, convicted of
1700:Ben Reeves – Son of Deputy United States Marshal
952:– violation of American neutrality laws; pardoned
6350:Unsuccessful major party presidential candidates
4670:"Trump commutes sentence of Alice Marie Johnson"
3722:. A&E Television Networks. November 13, 2009
2712:was convicted of perjury in connection with the
3047:4th Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division
3025:. He was convicted in 1948 of violating of the
2289:, convicted of bribing government officials in
1766:in 1923; sentence commuted and deported in 1927
1497:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1168:Emilie Todd Helm – wife of Confederate General
6624:Lists relating to the United States presidency
3226:On December 30, 2022, Biden issued 6 pardons.
2249:President of the Confederate States of America
2149:– pardoned of his 1961 court-martial from the
1856:upheld the conviction in the landmark case of
6423:
5703:
5581:Mozo Zambrano, Reynaldo (December 22, 2023).
4240:Calia, Mike; Pramuk, Jacob (April 13, 2018).
3928:
3863:"Burdick v. United States 236 U.S. 79 (1915)"
3716:"President Lincoln pardons his sister-in-law"
3600:The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume IX, 1831
3420:"Federal Executive Clemency in United States"
2019:, who was convicted in 1950 of violating the
830:, granted due to their assistance during the
8:
4514:"Trump pardons ex-Cheney aide Scooter Libby"
4261:"Pardon Lasts One Day for Man in Fraud Case"
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3305:"Constitutional Topic: Presidential Pardons"
3263:international money laundering (six counts).
2366:List of people pardoned by George H. W. Bush
2051:charges in 1958; Executive Clemency in 1963.
1724:– Socialist convicted of sedition under the
85:, and the power to grant them challenged by
6614:Recipients of American presidential pardons
5671:. Jurist Legal Intelligence. Archived from
5019:
5017:
4916:"Trump pardons ex-media mogul Conrad Black"
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
2509:, former Provost and University Professor,
1982:that to be so sentenced was constitutional.
1844:– a bootlegger convicted for violating the
1623:steamship disaster of 1904, pardoned after
1324:– charged with conspiring to murder Lincoln
1318:– charged with conspiring to murder Lincoln
1312:– charged with conspiring to murder Lincoln
6430:
6416:
6408:
6244:
5745:
5710:
5696:
5688:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3168:As of December 2023, Democratic president
3131:National Susan B. Anthony Museum and House
3121:and long-time proponent and organizer for
2824:, former co-owner of the famed dance club
2790:, U.S. Army private sentenced to death in
2487:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
1954:Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
115:
6520:National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation
5657:Pardons Granted by President Donald Trump
4110:
4108:
2967:. Commuted and pardoned on July 10, 2018.
2658:List of people pardoned by George W. Bush
851:Numerous individuals convicted of piracy.
4134:. Levin & Zeiger LLP. April 25, 2010
4058:
4056:
3299:
3297:
2747:– Posthumous pardon for smuggling three
2139:just before he could be indicted in the
1952:1,523 people convicted of violating the
6552:
4386:Nir, Sarah Maslin (December 20, 2017).
3472:. Atlantic Monthly Press. p. 232.
3418:Ruckman, P. S. Jr. (November 4, 1995).
3293:
3143:to the FBI, and federal district judge
3105:the investigation of the Trump campaign
2800:, U.S. Army whistleblower convicted by
2464:List of people pardoned by Bill Clinton
881:leaders pardoned for their role in the
104:was created and records from President
5281:Chalfant, Morgan (December 22, 2020).
5181:Hughes, Deborah L. (August 18, 2020).
5084:Haberman, Maggie (December 24, 2020).
3822:Harrison, Benjamin (January 4, 1893).
3808:Johnson, Andrew. (December 25, 1868).
3517:. ABC-CLIO/Greenwood. pp. 788ff.
3335:The Heritage Guide to The Constitution
3035:, a US Army officer who served in the
2585:United States House of Representatives
808:, sentenced to death for surrendering
5522:Watson, Kathryn (December 30, 2022).
5491:Wilkie, Christina (October 6, 2022).
5307:Coscarelli, Joe (November 13, 2019).
5193:from the original on August 21, 2020.
5170:from the original on August 21, 2020.
5110:Schmidt, Samantha (August 18, 2020).
4301:Savage, Charlie (December 20, 2017).
4235:
4233:
3123:women's suffrage in the United States
3045:, a former first lieutenant with the
1509:
776:– Convicted with Brown of erecting a
7:
6439:Federal pardons in the United States
6345:Received at least one electoral vote
5341:Coscarelli, Joe (January 20, 2021).
5136:Wulfsohn, Joseph (August 18, 2020).
4338:Savage, Charlie (January 17, 2017).
3769:"Abraham Lincoln Exercises Clemency"
3742:Soodalter, Ron (December 15, 2013).
3546:. Harvard University Press. p.
3283:Federal pardons in the United States
3049:in the U.S. Army and veteran of the
1804:'s role in his arrest and conviction
826:and the Baratarian Pirates for past
6282:National Republican / Whig
5616:United States Department of Justice
4278:Malloy, Allie (December 20, 2016).
3331:"Essays on Article II:Pardon Power"
2135:– granted a full and unconditional
1147:who attacked white settlers in the
92:Pardons granted by presidents from
6292:Third party / independent
5524:"Biden announces year-end pardons"
5441:. October 28, 2022. Archived from
5232:Hsu, Spencer (December 23, 2020).
4948:from the original on May 16, 2019.
4926:from the original on May 19, 2019.
4064:"Texts of Documents on the Pardon"
3790:Reconstruction After the Civil War
3190:. He was charged and convicted of
3097:obstructing an official proceeding
2947:in 2014. Pardoned on May 31, 2018.
2583:– Former Democratic member of the
1472:"Billy Wilson" (David L. Anderson)
806:Governor of the Michigan Territory
591:pardoned for Vietnam draft evasion
14:
5375:Madhani, Aamer (April 26, 2022).
5258:Polantz, Katelyn (June 5, 2018).
5024:Mason, Jeff (February 18, 2020).
4903:from the original on May 7, 2019.
4091:"11 notable presidential pardons"
3573:"11 notable presidential pardons"
3083:New York City Police Commissioner
3057:. Pardoned on November 15, 2019.
2957:Dwight Hammond and Steven Hammond
2625:Congressional Post Office scandal
74:, and that they cannot affect an
6591:
6579:
6567:
6555:
6531:
6530:
6391:
6381:
6371:
5763:Assassination attempts and plots
4512:Liptak, Kevin (April 13, 2018).
4211:Rose, Lisa (November 30, 2008).
3625:
3188:Presidential Protective Division
2643:– a former radical activist and
2517:could file the case against him.
2507:Director of Central Intelligence
1372:convicted of violating the 1873
1116:– pardoned for role in the 1857
860:Democratic-Republican president
843:Democratic-Republican president
793:Democratic-Republican president
766:because of his criticism of the
6629:Lists of people by legal status
5162:Ulaby, Neda (August 20, 2020).
4405:Levin, Sam (January 17, 2017).
4153:Rudin, Ken (January 26, 2001).
4089:Trex, Ethan (January 5, 2009).
3981:Love, Margaret Colgate (2000).
3686:. historynet.com. June 12, 2006
3447:"How Presidential Pardons Work"
2808:. Commuted on January 17, 2017.
2623:, indicted for his role in the
2439:, contributed $ 110,000 to the
64:Article II, Section 2, Clause 1
4891:Sullivan, Kate (May 7, 2019).
4468:Olson, Wyatt (March 9, 2018).
4041:. Justice.gov. January 8, 2018
3895:United States Attorney General
3445:Clark, Josh (August 9, 2007).
2605:, made large donations to the
2013:– editor and publisher of the
1921:Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts
1689:Mike Boyle – Convicted before
1:
6619:Clemency in the United States
6505:Office of the Pardon Attorney
4984:. Fox News. November 15, 2019
4527:Colvin, Jill (May 25, 2018).
4132:"Federal Presidential Pardon"
3773:Shapell Manuscript Collection
3670:Shapell Manuscript Collection
3027:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
3021:and former vice president of
2839:Commuted on January 17, 2017.
2441:Republican National Committee
2005:Narcotics Control Act of 1956
1906:, Collazo attempted Truman's
102:Office of the Pardon Attorney
4962:. Fox News. October 10, 2019
4914:Beech, Eric (May 15, 2019).
4772:. July 10, 2018 – via
3786:Franklin, John Hope (1961).
3732:"Author History.com Editors"
3223:at the time of their arrest.
3184:United States Secret Service
3103:in the course of inhibiting
2919:. The sentence was already
2437:Occidental Petroleum Company
2275:, Irving Flores Rodriguez –
6510:Pardons for ex-Confederates
6169:U.S. Senate bust collection
3859:United States Supreme Court
3229:Beverly Ann Ibn-Tamas, for
3071:to succeed President-elect
2945:campaign finance violations
2875:Pardoned on August 25, 2017
2321:, the informant during the
2239:Vietnam war draft resisters
2173:Vietnam war draft resisters
1728:; sentence commuted in 1921
1420:; sentence commuted in 1886
834:; granted February 6, 1815.
332:pardons for ex-Confederates
34:, September 8, 1974, in an
6647:
2847:
2759:
2655:
2461:
2363:
2151:United States Marine Corps
2077:– former president of the
1474:– outlaw and associate of
6528:
6367:
5835:Post-presidency campaigns
5723:
3987:Fordham Urban Law Journal
2704:– Assistant to President
2409:National Security Adviser
1859:Olmstead v. United States
1810:– former Congressman and
1603:Oregon land fraud scandal
1458:in 1882; pardoned in 1887
1418:Second Battle of Bull Run
1376:; pardoned after 6 months
1278:Eugenius Aristides Nisbet
81:Though pardons have been
6333:Number of votes received
6230:Winner lost popular vote
6220:Electoral College margin
6032:Educational institutions
4367:. ESPN. January 17, 2017
3513:Preston, Daniel (2000).
3494:Ingersoll, Charles Jared
3203:'s wife involved in the
2867:Maricopa County, Arizona
2720:who 'outed' CIA officer
2047:– musician convicted of
1846:National Prohibition Act
1669:Burdick v. United States
1579:Stephen A. Douglas Puter
1565:; pardoned after 2 years
1233:Horatio Washington Bruce
877:Wekau and Chickhonsic –
83:challenged in the courts
6515:Pardon of Richard Nixon
5733:List of vice presidents
3844:More are listed at the
3468:Slack, Charles (2015).
3339:The Heritage Foundation
3141:making false statements
3101:making false statements
2921:commuted to time served
2915:in connection with the
2378:For their roles in the
2231:– Singer-songwriter of
1904:Puerto Rico nationalist
911:United States v. Wilson
768:U.S. federal government
4942:Los Angeles Daily News
3538:Hall, John W. (2009).
2913:obstruction of justice
2708:and Chief of Staff to
2686:Osvaldo Aldrete Dávila
1695:Sherman Anti-Trust Act
1391:William Henry Harrison
1342:Ex-Confederate leaders
1196:
966:William Henry Harrison
957:William Henry Harrison
950:William Lyon Mackenzie
722:, for his role in the
589:Excludes over 200,000
330:Excludes thousands of
227:William Henry Harrison
39:
38:address to the nation.
28:his decision to pardon
6328:Lost their home state
6262:Democratic-Republican
6249:Political affiliation
6149:Religious affiliation
5977:Religious affiliation
5803:Judicial appointments
3826:. presidency.ucsb.edu
3182:, an American former
3099:, and five counts of
2901:Lewis "Scooter" Libby
2854:Republican president
2816:professional baseball
2766:Democratic president
2739:real estate developer
2716:involving members of
2702:Lewis "Scooter" Libby
2698:in 2000 was commuted.
2662:Republican president
2603:Denise Eisenberg Rich
2575:Samuel Loring Morison
2468:Democratic president
2370:Republican president
2302:Republican president
2273:Rafael Cancel Miranda
2190:Democratic president
2124:Republican president
2094:Republican president
2060:Democratic president
2029:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1995:Democratic president
1965:Republican president
1931:Governor of Louisiana
1885:Democratic president
1825:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1823:Democratic president
1819:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1785:Republican president
1743:Republican president
1726:Espionage Act of 1917
1713:Republican president
1646:Democratic president
1590:Republican president
1550:Republican president
1539:Charles Chilton Moore
1520:Republican president
1510:list under first term
1487:Republican president
1429:Democratic president
1405:Republican president
1385:Republican president
1357:Republican president
1333:Republican president
1298:Alexander H. Stephens
1273:Andrew Gordon Magrath
1253:Augustus Hill Garland
1199:Democratic president
1194:
1105:Democratic president
1081:Democratic president
1026:Gideon Johnson Pillow
1003:Democratic president
941:Democratic president
782:Dedham, Massachusetts
745:Democratic-Republican
498:Franklin D. Roosevelt
21:
6487:pardon of Joe Arpaio
6397:United States portal
6192:Designated survivors
5562:. September 20, 2023
4585:. CNN. May 24, 2018.
4457:. December 20, 2017.
3337:. Washington, D.C.:
3231:second-degree murder
3205:Narcosobrinos affair
3065:Governor of Illinois
2865:, former Sheriff of
2749:B-17 Flying Fortress
2732:Issac Robert Toussie
2477:Almon Glenn Braswell
2422:Secretary of Defense
2333:Governor of Maryland
2233:Peter, Paul and Mary
2083:Contempt of Congress
2023:in shipping arms to
1967:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1961:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1917:James Michael Curley
1732:Kate Richards O'Hare
1258:Benjamin Harvey Hill
1170:Benjamin Hardin Helm
1155:Clement Vallandigham
1149:Great Sioux Uprising
1094:Underground Railroad
917:The National Gazette
764:Sedition Act of 1798
522:Dwight D. Eisenhower
108:forward are listed.
6225:Popular vote margin
6134:Impeachment efforts
6074:U.S. postage stamps
5840:Previous experience
5798:International trips
5793:Impeachment efforts
5788:Historical rankings
5768:Control of Congress
5641:Clemency Statistics
5534:on November 7, 2023
5503:on November 7, 2023
5387:on November 7, 2023
5238:The Washington Post
5116:The Washington Post
4840:"Grant of clemency"
4814:"Grant of clemency"
4788:"Grant of Clemency"
4696:The Washington Post
4619:The Washington Post
4601:The Washington Post
4534:The Virginian-Pilot
4327:. January 17, 2017.
4192:on January 14, 2008
4159:The Washington Post
4155:"I Beg Your Pardon"
4019:. February 23, 1988
3744:"All in the Family"
3449:. howstuffworks.com
2869:, was convicted of
2681:agents who wounded
2635:Governor of Arizona
2353:George Steinbrenner
2337:U.S. district court
2157:Iva Toguri D'Aquino
1798:Governor of Indiana
1615:William Van Schaick
1592:William Howard Taft
1586:William Howard Taft
1359:Rutherford B. Hayes
1353:Rutherford B. Hayes
1346:Amnesty Act of 1872
1223:Richard H. Anderson
1218:Charles D. Anderson
1172:and half-sister of
814:American Revolution
438:William Howard Taft
351:Rutherford B. Hayes
76:impeachment process
6159:Tie-breaking votes
6139:Other offices held
6047:in other countries
5825:Other offices held
5728:List of presidents
5619:. January 22, 2021
5347:The New York Times
5313:The New York Times
5090:The New York Times
5056:The New York Times
4655:The New York Times
4569:The New York Times
4499:The New York Times
4437:The New York Times
4392:The New York Times
4344:The New York Times
4307:The New York Times
4265:The New York Times
4070:. January 22, 1977
4068:The New York Times
3309:usconstitution.net
3221:illegal immigrants
3151:Alex van der Zwaan
3051:War in Afghanistan
3037:War in Afghanistan
3033:Mathew L. Golsteyn
2975:United States Army
2832:Oscar López Rivera
2645:domestic terrorist
2631:Fife Symington III
2611:Clinton Foundation
2541:– The first black
2515:Justice Department
2493:Roger Clinton, Jr.
2451:Rosenberg spy ring
2380:Iran–Contra affair
2283:Frederic B. Ingram
1854:U.S. Supreme Court
1756:Jamaican immigrant
1693:for violating the
1552:Theodore Roosevelt
1546:Theodore Roosevelt
1529:Alexander McKenzie
1478:; pardoned in 1896
1283:James Byeram Owens
1228:Eli Metcalfe Bruce
1197:
930:Fontaine H. Pettis
774:Benjamin Fairbanks
731:, for his role in
425:Theodore Roosevelt
58:is granted to the
42:This is a partial
40:
6543:
6542:
6455:George H. W. Bush
6405:
6404:
6363:
6362:
6187:Acting presidents
6144:Ran for president
6082:
6081:
5820:Official vehicles
5473:, October 6, 2022
4774:National Archives
4714:Chicago Sun-Times
4501:. April 13, 2018.
4474:Stars and Stripes
4455:The Yeshiva World
4325:Houston Chronicle
4115:Ingram Chronicles
3960:National Archives
3610:978-1-62190-004-7
3557:978-0-674-03518-8
3524:978-0-313-31426-1
3426:on March 26, 2011
3329:Pfiffner, James.
3209:prisoner exchange
3145:Emmet G. Sullivan
3093:witness tampering
2871:contempt of court
2782:four-star general
2521:Edward Downe, Jr.
2418:Caspar Weinberger
2372:George H. W. Bush
2360:George H. W. Bush
2179:Maurice L. Schick
2141:Watergate scandal
2085:in 1957; pardoned
2075:Maurice Hutcheson
2062:Lyndon B. Johnson
2056:Lyndon B. Johnson
2039:Robert F. Kennedy
1974:Maurice L. Schick
1715:Warren G. Harding
1709:Warren G. Harding
1662:. He pleaded the
1599:John Hicklin Hall
1559:Servillano Aquino
1489:Benjamin Harrison
1483:Benjamin Harrison
1407:Chester A. Arthur
1401:Chester A. Arthur
1387:James A. Garfield
1381:James A. Garfield
1205:North Carolinians
1174:Mary Todd Lincoln
970:James A. Garfield
862:John Quincy Adams
856:John Quincy Adams
733:Fries's Rebellion
724:Whiskey Rebellion
698:Whiskey Rebellion
690:George Washington
684:George Washington
681:
680:
610:George H. W. Bush
546:Lyndon B. Johnson
462:Warren G. Harding
400:Benjamin Harrison
375:Chester A. Arthur
363:James A. Garfield
191:John Quincy Adams
131:George Washington
106:George H. W. Bush
94:George Washington
30:former president
6636:
6596:
6595:
6584:
6583:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6551:
6534:
6533:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6409:
6395:
6385:
6377:Biography portal
6375:
6313:Campaign slogans
6308:African American
6245:
6054:Military vessels
6015:Actor portrayals
5808:Military service
5783:Executive orders
5746:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5689:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5675:on July 24, 2010
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5559:Voice of America
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5530:. Archived from
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5499:. Archived from
5488:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5445:on June 25, 2023
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5383:. Archived from
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5021:
5012:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4944:. May 16, 2019.
4934:
4928:
4927:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4545:on June 12, 2018
4541:. Archived from
4524:
4518:
4517:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4237:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4184:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4128:
4122:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3930:
3903:
3902:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3855:
3849:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3819:
3813:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3793:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3545:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3422:. Archived from
3415:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3301:
3115:Susan B. Anthony
3055:Fort Leavenworth
3023:General Electric
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2917:CIA leak scandal
2891:Kristian Saucier
2881:Sholom Rubashkin
2788:Dwight J. Loving
2775:James Cartwright
2718:State Department
2714:CIA leak scandal
2679:US Border Patrol
2617:Dan Rostenkowski
2607:Democratic Party
2539:Henry O. Flipper
2424:under President
2405:Robert McFarlane
2315:Edward S. Miller
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
1927:Richard W. Leche
1836:newspaper editor
1808:Thomas W. Miller
1794:Warren T. McCray
1676:Frederick Krafft
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1609:Charles W. Morse
1522:William McKinley
1516:William McKinley
1504:Grover Cleveland
1462:David King Udall
1452:Latter-Day Saint
1431:Grover Cleveland
1425:Grover Cleveland
1414:Fitz John Porter
1335:Ulysses S. Grant
1329:Ulysses S. Grant
1268:Enoch Louis Lowe
1059:Millard Fillmore
1053:Millard Fillmore
943:Martin Van Buren
937:Martin Van Buren
749:Thomas Jefferson
740:Thomas Jefferson
412:William McKinley
387:Grover Cleveland
339:Ulysses S. Grant
275:Millard Fillmore
215:Martin Van Buren
155:Thomas Jefferson
116:
98:Grover Cleveland
72:federal offenses
6646:
6645:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6604:
6603:
6602:
6590:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6556:
6554:
6546:
6544:
6539:
6524:
6493:
6441:
6436:
6406:
6401:
6387:Politics portal
6359:
6296:
6234:
6206:
6173:
6087:Vice presidents
6078:
6007:
6001:
5957:Multilingualism
5881:autobiographies
5854:
5758:Approval rating
5750:
5737:
5719:
5716:
5678:
5676:
5667:
5637:
5632:
5622:
5620:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5565:
5563:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5506:
5504:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5476:
5474:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5448:
5446:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5359:
5357:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5291:
5289:
5280:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5242:
5240:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5146:
5144:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5094:
5092:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5015:
5001:
4997:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4870:www.justice.gov
4864:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4844:www.justice.gov
4838:
4837:
4833:
4823:
4821:
4818:www.justice.gov
4812:
4811:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4792:www.justice.gov
4786:
4785:
4781:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4752:. June 6, 2018.
4744:
4743:
4739:
4734:. June 6, 2018.
4726:
4725:
4721:
4716:. June 6, 2018.
4708:
4707:
4703:
4698:. June 6, 2018.
4690:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4657:. June 1, 2018.
4649:
4648:
4644:
4639:. May 31, 2018.
4631:
4630:
4626:
4621:. May 31, 2018.
4613:
4612:
4608:
4603:. May 24, 2018.
4595:
4594:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4571:. May 24, 2018.
4563:
4562:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4217:The Star-Ledger
4210:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4113:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3906:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3807:
3803:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3645:Raab Collection
3639:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3611:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3452:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3417:
3416:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3279:
3207:, as part of a
3166:
3061:Rod Blagojevich
3019:mining engineer
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2971:Michael Behenna
2907:, convicted of
2852:
2846:
2798:Chelsea Manning
2779:US Marine Corps
2764:
2758:
2745:Charles Winters
2660:
2654:
2641:Susan Rosenberg
2466:
2460:
2390:Duane Clarridge
2368:
2362:
2300:
2261:– Convicted of
2245:Jefferson Davis
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2205:G. Gordon Liddy
2188:
2147:Ernest C. Brace
2122:
2092:
2069:Frank W. Boykin
2058:
1997:John F. Kennedy
1993:
1991:John F. Kennedy
1963:
1894:George Caldwell
1887:Harry S. Truman
1883:
1881:Harry S. Truman
1821:
1783:
1762:, convicted of
1745:Calvin Coolidge
1741:
1739:Calvin Coolidge
1711:
1644:
1637:years in prison
1633:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1588:
1548:
1518:
1506:
1485:
1464:– convicted on
1427:
1403:
1383:
1355:
1331:
1322:Edmund Spangler
1303:George Trenholm
1248:Harris Flanagin
1243:Jefferson Davis
1212:Ex-Confederates
1189:
1137:Abraham Lincoln
1130:
1128:Abraham Lincoln
1103:
1083:Franklin Pierce
1079:
1077:Franklin Pierce
1057:Whig president
1055:
1045:Whig president
1043:
1034:insubordination
1028:– convicted by
1014:– convicted by
1012:John C. Frémont
1001:
980:Whig president
978:
959:
939:
891:
858:
841:
791:
758:– convicted of
742:
706:
686:
534:John F. Kennedy
510:Harry S. Truman
474:Calvin Coolidge
311:Abraham Lincoln
287:Franklin Pierce
114:
12:
11:
5:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6632:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6564:
6541:
6540:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6479:
6474:
6472:George W. Bush
6469:
6468:
6467:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6427:
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6389:
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6360:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6341:
6340:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6253:
6251:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6216:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6183:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6166:
6164:Time in office
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6111:
6106:
6101:
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6084:
6083:
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6034:
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6011:
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6000:
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5974:
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5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5876:Bibliographies
5873:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5845:Time in office
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
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5770:
5765:
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5754:
5752:
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5735:
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5724:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5665:
5660:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5636:
5635:External links
5633:
5631:
5630:
5602:
5573:
5545:
5514:
5483:
5456:
5426:
5398:
5367:
5333:
5299:
5273:
5250:
5224:
5196:
5173:
5154:
5128:
5102:
5076:
5042:
5013:
5008:New York Times
4995:
4973:
4951:
4929:
4906:
4883:
4857:
4831:
4805:
4779:
4769:whitehouse.gov
4755:
4737:
4719:
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4683:
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4378:
4356:
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4293:
4270:
4251:
4229:
4203:
4171:
4145:
4123:
4121:, June 9, 1999
4104:
4081:
4052:
4030:
4017:Kirkus Reviews
4004:
3973:
3947:
3904:
3886:
3872:
3850:
3837:
3814:
3801:
3778:
3760:
3734:
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3609:
3589:
3563:
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3530:
3523:
3505:
3485:
3479:978-0802123428
3478:
3460:
3437:
3351:
3321:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
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3275:
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3260:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3224:
3216:
3201:Nicolás Maduro
3197:
3196:
3195:
3180:Abraham Bolden
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3134:
3112:
3109:Robert Mueller
3086:
3076:
3058:
3040:
3030:
3012:
3002:
2982:
2968:
2954:
2948:
2941:Dinesh D'Souza
2938:
2928:
2925:George W. Bush
2898:
2888:
2878:
2848:Main article:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2829:
2819:
2812:Willie McCovey
2809:
2795:
2785:
2760:Main article:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2729:
2706:George W. Bush
2699:
2689:
2664:George W. Bush
2656:Main article:
2653:
2652:George W. Bush
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2628:
2614:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2565:Susan McDougal
2562:
2556:
2546:
2536:
2530:
2527:Elizam Escobar
2524:
2518:
2500:
2490:
2483:Henry Cisneros
2480:
2462:Main article:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2415:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Elliott Abrams
2364:Main article:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2343:Junior Johnson
2340:
2326:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2280:
2266:
2256:
2253:Andrew Johnson
2242:
2236:
2226:
2225:years in 1977.
2202:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2137:pardon in 1974
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:Angelo DeCarlo
2110:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2072:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2032:
2021:Neutrality Act
2011:Hank Greenspun
2008:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1979:Schick v. Reed
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1897:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1870:Duncan Renaldo
1867:
1862:; pardoned on
1839:
1832:George R. Dale
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1787:Herbert Hoover
1782:
1781:Herbert Hoover
1779:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1722:Eugene V. Debs
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1687:
1673:
1660:customs duties
1648:Woodrow Wilson
1643:
1642:Woodrow Wilson
1640:
1639:
1638:
1620:General Slocum
1612:
1606:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1566:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1517:
1514:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1448:Rudger Clawson
1445:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1402:
1399:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:Walter Preston
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1201:Andrew Johnson
1188:
1187:Andrew Johnson
1185:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1166:
1152:
1145:Dakota Indians
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1107:James Buchanan
1102:
1101:James Buchanan
1099:
1098:
1097:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1054:
1051:
1047:Zachary Taylor
1042:
1041:Zachary Taylor
1039:
1038:
1037:
1023:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
991:U.S. v. Holmes
977:
974:
958:
955:
954:
953:
938:
935:
934:
933:
927:
898:Andrew Jackson
890:
889:Andrew Jackson
887:
886:
885:
875:
857:
854:
853:
852:
840:
837:
836:
835:
824:Pierre Lafitte
817:
790:
787:
786:
785:
771:
741:
738:
737:
736:
726:
720:David Bradford
705:
702:
701:
700:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:
672:
666:
665:
663:
660:
654:
653:
651:
648:
642:
641:
639:
636:
634:George W. Bush
630:
629:
627:
624:
618:
617:
615:
612:
606:
605:
603:
600:
594:
593:
587:
584:
578:
577:
575:
572:
566:
565:
563:
560:
554:
553:
551:
548:
542:
541:
539:
536:
530:
529:
527:
524:
518:
517:
515:
512:
506:
505:
503:
500:
494:
493:
491:
488:
486:Herbert Hoover
482:
481:
479:
476:
470:
469:
467:
464:
458:
457:
455:
452:
450:Woodrow Wilson
446:
445:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
427:
421:
420:
417:
414:
408:
407:
405:
402:
396:
395:
392:
389:
383:
382:
380:
377:
371:
370:
368:
365:
359:
358:
356:
353:
347:
346:
344:
341:
335:
334:
328:
325:
323:Andrew Johnson
319:
318:
316:
313:
307:
306:
304:
301:
299:James Buchanan
295:
294:
292:
289:
283:
282:
280:
277:
271:
270:
268:
265:
263:Zachary Taylor
259:
258:
256:
253:
247:
246:
244:
241:
235:
234:
232:
229:
223:
222:
220:
217:
211:
210:
208:
205:
203:Andrew Jackson
199:
198:
196:
193:
187:
186:
184:
181:
175:
174:
172:
169:
163:
162:
160:
157:
151:
150:
148:
145:
139:
138:
136:
133:
127:
126:
123:
120:
113:
110:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6642:
6641:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6575:
6574:United States
6565:
6563:
6553:
6549:
6538:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
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6496:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6433:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6419:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
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6243:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6197:Inaugurations
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
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6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6104:Coats of arms
6102:
6100:
6099:Burial places
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6069:U.S. counties
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:Coats of arms
5891:
5889:
5888:Burial places
5886:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5859:Personal life
5857:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5713:
5708:
5706:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5634:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5590:
5589:
5588:Efecto Cocuyo
5584:
5577:
5574:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5518:
5515:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5487:
5484:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5457:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5430:
5427:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5402:
5399:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5368:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5337:
5334:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5303:
5300:
5288:
5284:
5277:
5274:
5261:
5254:
5251:
5239:
5235:
5228:
5225:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5200:
5197:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5177:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5158:
5155:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5129:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5103:
5091:
5087:
5080:
5077:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5043:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4996:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4884:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4793:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4775:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4671:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4523:
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2457:
2452:
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2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:– CEO of the
2434:
2433:Armand Hammer
2431:
2427:
2426:Ronald Reagan
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Ronald Reagan
2411:to President
2410:
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2329:Marvin Mandel
2327:
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2304:Ronald Reagan
2298:Ronald Reagan
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2269:Lolita Lebrón
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2199:Oscar Collazo
2197:
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2167:Robert E. Lee
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2133:Richard Nixon
2131:
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2100:
2099:
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2096:Richard Nixon
2090:Richard Nixon
2089:
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2080:
2076:
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2055:
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2046:
2045:Hampton Hawes
2043:
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2033:
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2026:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2016:Las Vegas Sun
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1956:; full pardon
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:Seymour Weiss
1945:
1942:
1938:
1937:Andrew J. May
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
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1918:
1915:
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1909:
1908:assassination
1905:
1901:
1900:Oscar Collazo
1898:
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1864:Christmas Day
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1684:Espionage Act
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1656:federal court
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1114:Brigham Young
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1030:court martial
1027:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:court martial
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:James K. Polk
999:James K. Polk
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906:Supreme Court
903:
902:
901:
899:
895:
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883:Winnebago War
880:
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833:
829:
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803:
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799:
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796:
795:James Madison
789:James Madison
788:
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772:
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631:
628:
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623:
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619:
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613:
611:
608:
607:
604:
601:
599:
598:Ronald Reagan
596:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
561:
559:
558:Richard Nixon
556:
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252:
251:James K. Polk
249:
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168:
167:James Madison
165:
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84:
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69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:plenary power
45:
37:
33:
32:Richard Nixon
29:
25:
20:
16:
6482:Donald Trump
6477:Barack Obama
6460:Bill Clinton
6447:By president
6446:
6338:in primaries
6301:Distinctions
6154:Slave owners
5992:Slave owners
5925:first ladies
5829:
5749:Professional
5677:. Retrieved
5673:the original
5623:December 28,
5621:. Retrieved
5614:
5605:
5595:December 28,
5593:. Retrieved
5591:(in Spanish)
5586:
5576:
5566:December 28,
5564:. Retrieved
5557:
5548:
5538:December 30,
5536:. Retrieved
5532:the original
5527:
5517:
5505:. Retrieved
5501:the original
5496:
5486:
5475:, retrieved
5468:
5459:
5449:November 10,
5447:. Retrieved
5443:the original
5438:
5429:
5417:. Retrieved
5411:
5401:
5389:. Retrieved
5385:the original
5380:
5370:
5358:. Retrieved
5346:
5336:
5324:. Retrieved
5312:
5302:
5292:December 26,
5290:. Retrieved
5286:
5276:
5266:December 26,
5264:. Retrieved
5253:
5243:December 26,
5241:. Retrieved
5237:
5227:
5217:November 25,
5215:. Retrieved
5209:
5199:
5186:
5176:
5157:
5147:November 26,
5145:. Retrieved
5141:
5131:
5121:November 26,
5119:. Retrieved
5115:
5105:
5095:December 24,
5093:. Retrieved
5089:
5079:
5067:. Retrieved
5055:
5045:
5035:November 26,
5033:. Retrieved
5029:
5006:
4998:
4988:February 24,
4986:. Retrieved
4976:
4966:November 26,
4964:. Retrieved
4954:
4941:
4932:
4919:
4909:
4896:
4886:
4876:November 30,
4874:. Retrieved
4869:
4860:
4850:November 30,
4848:. Retrieved
4843:
4834:
4824:November 30,
4822:. Retrieved
4817:
4808:
4798:November 30,
4796:. Retrieved
4791:
4782:
4767:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4731:
4722:
4713:
4704:
4695:
4686:
4674:. Retrieved
4663:
4654:
4645:
4636:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4577:
4568:
4559:
4549:December 23,
4547:. Retrieved
4543:the original
4532:
4522:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4477:. Retrieved
4473:
4463:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4426:
4414:. Retrieved
4411:The Guardian
4410:
4400:
4391:
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4359:
4347:. Retrieved
4343:
4333:
4324:
4315:
4306:
4296:
4286:December 20,
4284:. Retrieved
4273:
4264:
4254:
4220:. Retrieved
4216:
4206:
4194:. Retrieved
4187:the original
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4158:
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4126:
4118:
4095:. Retrieved
4084:
4072:. Retrieved
4067:
4045:February 24,
4043:. Retrieved
4033:
4021:. Retrieved
4016:
4007:
3995:. Retrieved
3990:
3986:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3959:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3889:
3875:
3866:
3853:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3817:
3804:
3789:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3753:February 28,
3751:. Retrieved
3747:
3737:
3724:. Retrieved
3719:
3710:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3678:
3669:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3644:
3635:
3599:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3576:
3566:
3541:
3533:
3514:
3508:
3498:
3488:
3469:
3463:
3451:. Retrieved
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3424:the original
3342:. Retrieved
3334:
3324:
3312:. Retrieved
3308:
3167:
3073:Barack Obama
3015:Zay Jeffries
3009:racketeering
2985:Conrad Black
2965:federal land
2935:the Mann Act
2931:Jack Johnson
2856:Donald Trump
2853:
2844:Donald Trump
2822:Ian Schrager
2768:Barack Obama
2765:
2756:Barack Obama
2726:Donald Trump
2671:José Compeán
2661:
2599:Pincus Green
2581:Mel Reynolds
2553:Jimmy Carter
2549:Patty Hearst
2497:Half-brother
2485:– Clinton's
2470:Bill Clinton
2467:
2458:Bill Clinton
2395:Clair George
2369:
2301:
2285:– Heir from
2263:bank robbery
2259:Patty Hearst
2229:Peter Yarrow
2192:Jimmy Carter
2189:
2186:Jimmy Carter
2123:
2093:
2059:
2014:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1964:
1884:
1857:
1842:Roy Olmstead
1822:
1784:
1742:
1712:
1691:Judge Landis
1667:
1645:
1618:
1589:
1573:train robber
1549:
1533:North Dakota
1519:
1507:
1486:
1442:Texas Ranger
1438:James Brooks
1428:
1404:
1395:assassinated
1384:
1374:Comstock Act
1366:Ezra Heywood
1356:
1332:
1293:James Seddon
1198:
1131:
1104:
1080:
1067:
1056:
1044:
1002:
990:
979:
960:
940:
921:
916:
909:
892:
871:Restauration
870:
859:
845:James Monroe
842:
839:James Monroe
820:Jean Lafitte
810:Fort Detroit
802:William Hull
792:
778:Liberty Pole
743:
707:
687:
658:Donald Trump
646:Barack Obama
622:Bill Clinton
582:Jimmy Carter
179:James Monroe
91:
80:
68:Constitution
43:
41:
15:
6465:controversy
6277:Libertarian
6202:Transitions
5952:Left-handed
5915:Facial hair
5470:White House
5360:November 4,
5326:November 4,
4416:January 17,
4371:January 18,
4349:January 17,
4196:December 8,
3940:October 10,
3748:Opinionator
3720:History.com
3314:February 4,
3157:Kodak Black
3089:Roger Stone
3069:U.S. Senate
2893:, a former
2710:Dick Cheney
2503:John Deutch
2345:– a former
2319:Deep Throat
2126:Gerald Ford
2120:Gerald Ford
2107:tax evasion
2103:Jimmy Hoffa
2035:John Factor
2027:during the
1941:Congressman
1850:wiretapping
1812:World War I
1702:Bass Reeves
1569:Al Jennings
1563:Philippines
1495:Members of
1316:Samuel Mudd
1163:Confederacy
1143:265 of 303
1096:activities.
1090:Noah Hanson
994:); pardoned
922:Smithsonian
832:War of 1812
756:David Brown
570:Gerald Ford
50:to grant a
36:Oval Office
24:Gerald Ford
6608:Categories
6287:Republican
6267:Federalist
6257:Democratic
6240:Candidates
6179:Succession
6129:Home state
6064:Sculptures
6008:and honors
6006:Depictions
5982:Residences
5947:Home state
5942:Freemasons
5742:Presidents
5679:August 27,
5507:October 6,
5477:October 6,
5419:October 2,
5187:SusanB.org
4222:August 28,
4164:August 28,
4138:August 27,
3966:October 7,
3867:justia.com
3830:August 27,
3690:August 27,
3453:August 27,
3289:References
3119:suffragist
2863:Joe Arpaio
2777:, retired
2692:John Forté
2569:Whitewater
2543:West Point
2447:Myra Soble
2400:Alan Fiers
2279:; clemency
2161:Tokyo Rose
2081:; held in
1764:mail fraud
1605:; pardoned
1263:Wade Keyes
1159:Copperhead
1135:president
1133:Republican
982:John Tyler
976:John Tyler
964:president
896:president
894:Democratic
762:under the
747:president
729:John Fries
713:John Adams
711:president
709:Federalist
704:John Adams
688:President
239:John Tyler
143:John Adams
119:President
26:announces
22:President
6562:Biography
6212:Elections
6113:Families
6109:Education
6059:Portraits
6042:Memorials
6037:Libraries
6020:fictional
5997:Vacations
5967:Nicknames
5962:Net worth
5910:Education
5903:in office
5778:Doctrines
5391:April 26,
5355:0362-4331
5321:0362-4331
5064:0362-4331
4732:Bloomberg
4637:Bloomberg
4479:March 10,
4074:April 17,
3997:March 13,
3993:(5): 1491
3726:April 17,
3650:March 14,
3430:March 19,
3270:Alex Saab
3213:Citgo Six
3170:Joe Biden
3164:Joe Biden
3081:, former
3063:, former
3005:Pat Nolan
2973:, former
2903:, former
2895:U.S. Navy
2826:Studio 54
2806:WikiLeaks
2595:Marc Rich
2331:– former
2323:Watergate
2311:Mark Felt
2287:Tennessee
2209:Watergate
2159:, aka – "
1939:– former
1929:– former
1680:Socialist
1571:– former
1370:Anarchist
908:, and in
670:Joe Biden
432:Estimate
419:Estimate
394:Estimate
60:president
6586:Politics
6122:children
6027:Currency
5930:children
5920:Families
5871:Ancestry
5528:CBS News
5287:The Hill
5211:POLITICO
5191:Archived
5168:Archived
5142:Fox News
5069:July 11,
4946:Archived
4924:Archived
4901:Archived
4866:"Pardon"
4750:The Hill
4097:March 3,
3619:79015078
3582:June 18,
3496:(1852).
3277:See also
3194:in 1964.
2979:Iraq War
2736:Brooklyn
2728:in 2018.
2621:Illinois
2609:and the
2589:Illinois
2291:Illinois
1874:Romanian
1456:polygamy
1151:of 1862.
1118:Utah War
1070:incident
1036:in 1848.
924:magazine
879:Ho-Chunk
804:– while
760:sedition
122:Pardons
87:Congress
56:reprieve
6548:Portals
6117:spouses
5830:Pardons
5439:pew.org
5413:Reuters
5381:AP NEWS
5166:. NPR.
5030:Reuters
4920:Reuters
4676:June 6,
4023:June 5,
3344:June 3,
3192:bribery
2996:⁄
2909:perjury
2696:cocaine
2325:affair.
2220:⁄
1866:of 1935
1632:⁄
1466:perjury
112:Summary
66:of the
6535:
6498:Topics
6323:Height
6318:Female
5987:Scouts
5937:Firsts
5850:Vetoes
5751:career
5353:
5319:
5062:
4872:. 2018
4846:. 2018
4820:. 2018
4794:. 2018
4516:. CNN.
4119:Forbes
3775:. SMF.
3672:. SMF.
3623:
3617:
3607:
3554:
3521:
3476:
2677:– Two
2347:NASCAR
2049:heroin
2025:Israel
1912:Carter
1774:German
1020:mutiny
828:piracy
125:Notes
96:until
52:pardon
46:. The
6272:Green
5898:Death
5773:Desks
5659:2017-
5262:. CNN
4672:. CNN
4282:. CNN
4190:(PDF)
4183:(PDF)
4093:. CNN
3705:1863.
2961:arson
2883:, an
2792:Texas
2587:from
1368:– an
1068:Pearl
54:or a
5972:Pets
5813:rank
5681:2012
5655:DOJ
5625:2023
5597:2023
5568:2023
5540:2022
5509:2022
5497:CNBC
5479:2022
5451:2022
5421:2022
5393:2022
5362:2021
5351:ISSN
5328:2021
5317:ISSN
5294:2020
5268:2020
5245:2020
5219:2020
5149:2020
5123:2020
5097:2020
5071:2020
5060:ISSN
5037:2020
4990:2020
4968:2020
4878:2020
4852:2020
4826:2020
4800:2020
4678:2018
4551:2020
4481:2018
4418:2017
4373:2017
4351:2017
4288:2016
4246:CNBC
4224:2012
4198:2007
4166:2012
4140:2012
4099:2013
4076:2018
4047:2020
4025:2013
3999:2018
3968:2022
3942:2013
3832:2012
3798:–34.
3755:2023
3728:2023
3692:2012
3652:2018
3615:LCCN
3605:ISBN
3584:2020
3552:ISBN
3519:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3455:2012
3432:2011
3346:2018
3316:2017
3017:, a
2911:and
2885:Iowa
2836:FALN
2673:and
2533:FALN
2313:and
1902:– A
1760:UNIA
1508:See
1450:– A
1180:AWOL
962:Whig
822:and
650:1927
550:1187
526:1157
514:2044
502:3687
490:1385
478:1545
454:2480
391:1107
343:1332
6598:Law
6094:Age
5866:Age
4897:CNN
3577:CNN
3107:by
2963:on
2511:MIT
1802:KKK
1032:of
1018:of
780:in
662:237
638:200
626:459
602:406
586:566
574:409
562:926
538:575
466:800
442:758
429:981
416:918
404:613
379:337
355:893
327:654
315:343
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291:142
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