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era (4th to 6th century AD). In the ballad, Mulan disguises herself as a man and takes her father's place in war to protect him. Since it was first written, the original story has been retold many times by different authors. Hua Mulan was further popularized, especially in the United States, through
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The woman warrior is part of a long tradition in many different cultures including
Chinese and Japanese martial arts films, but their reach and appeal to Western audiences is possibly much more recent, coinciding with the greatly increased number of female heroes in American media since 1990. Films
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displayed female warrior rulers among the leaders he defeated. Scythian lifestyle included equality among the sexes, and some women took the opportunities that a warrior lifestyle offered to both men and women. Scythian culture touched on both Greece and India, both of whom have tales of warrior
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still have the power to function positively, equipping women for real-life situations that require outward aggression. Beyond the individual level, fictional depictions of violence by women can be a political tool to draw attention to real-world issues of violence, such as the ongoing violence
1156:
also explores the idea of a warrior woman railing against deadly sexual inequity, using either passive or active violence in order to restore some sense of justice to a world skewed towards sympathy for sexually violent men. Often the violence is only implicit, or threatened, and exists in
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fought off several contenders for her throne by personally leading the army in its battles as well as defending her home from her own warring family members, until she eventually commits suicide due to grief. Another example in ancient
British history is the historical Queen
248:
792:. She wore a masculine attire during her lifetime and by doing so, challenged patriarchy and started the debate around 'Role of Women' among Scholars and Philosophers. She was honored the title of being the bodyguard of Guru Gobind Singh during his exhile in
466:
is a subject of study in history, literary studies, film studies, folklore history, and mythology. The archetypal figure of the woman warrior is an example of a normal thing that happens in some cultures, while also being a
471:, opposing the normal construction of war, violence and aggression as masculine. This convention-defying position makes the female warrior a prominent site of investigation for discourses surrounding female power and
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Women warriors have been taken up as a symbol for feminist empowerment, emphasizing women's agency and capacity for power instead of the common pattern of female victim-hood. Professor
Sherrie Inness in
641:
1835:
760:. Joan of Arc alleged that she had a connection to the saints of her church and that they communicated with her to tell her to join the war effort of the French in 1429. Her effort in the battle of
628:
was a princess who learned "archery, martial arts, war-techniques" and fought to avenge herself for past wrongs in another life; she eventually became a man (through supernatural intervention).
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against
Indigenous women. Others say that a violent heroine undermines the feminist ethics against male violence, even when she is posited as a defender of women, for example in films such as
42:
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In many cases, the disguised maiden enters the service of a king and discovers the queen's infidelity. The queen is punished and the king marries the warrior maiden. One example is
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ATU 551, "The Water of Life", where the hero quests for an object of the fairy/warrior princess (mirror, flower, fountain, etc.) and she goes after the prince with her army.
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The narrative of the woman warrior sometimes involves the motif of crossdressing or disguising herself as a man or a male soldier. These stories belong to the cycle of
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Infante, Joyce
Rodrigues Ferraz (2017). "Revisitando o tema da donzela-guerreira em Grande sertĂŁo: veredas". In Rivas HernĂĄndez, AscensiĂłn (ed.).
1061:, originally the love interest of King Arthur. In this iteration, Guinevere is portrayed as a warrior of equal strength as her male counterparts.
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Women warriors have also grown in recent years in part due to the popularity of comics and franchises inspired by them, most notably films by
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1673:. Translated, edited, and with an introduction by Fan Pen Li Chen. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 2017. p. 31.
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1999:
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1125:. In the introduction to their text, Early and Kennedy discuss what they describe as a link between the image of women warriors and
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579:, warrior women were not unknown. Archaeologists have uncovered more than 40 graves of female warrior leaders. The Roman general,
2994:
1088:, a female iteration of the hero Thor, originally were superheroines in popular DC and Marvel comics series, as well as others.
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31:
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Although there is a distinction between positive aggression and violence, fictional representations of female violence like
38:
2394:
Dugaw, Dianne M. (1986). "Structural
Analysis of the Female Warrior Ballads: The Landscape of a World Turned Upside down".
2595:
2118:
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810:
388:
154:
81:
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was a prominent woman Muslim warrior in the 7th century, leading battles in what are today Syria, Jordan and
Palestine.
86:
17:
1611:, translated into English by Kenneth J. DeWoskin and James Irving Crump. Stanford University Press, 1996. pp. 230-231.
3019:
3009:
2959:
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2623:
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Greenhill, Pauline (1995). "'Neither a Man nor a Maid': Sexualities and
Gendered Meanings in Cross-Dressing Ballads".
1218:
1528:
788:
during the siege of
Anandpur Sahib to refight. She, alongside 40 soldiers confronted the Mughal Army and fought the
506:
were an entire tribe of woman warriors in Greek legend. The earliest known recording of the
Amazons can be found in
1771:
847:
770:
1717:
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Srirangam, India. Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the
3014:
2969:
2885:
2429:
243:
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Prandi, Julie D. (1985). "Woman Warrior as Hero: Schiller's "Jungfrau von Orleans" and Kleist's "Penthesilea"".
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1228:
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373:
149:
114:
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1858:"Essai d'identification d'un type de conte. DeuxiÚme partie: Antoine, la princesse muette et l'amour médecin"
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286:
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888:
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413:
139:
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Edwards, Louise. âWomen Warriors and Amazons of the Mid Qing Texts Jinghua Yuan and Honglou Mengâ. In:
1935:
Hooker, Jessica (January 1990). "The Hen Who Sang: Swordbearing Women in Eastern European Fairytales".
757:
726:
was an Arab woman in the late 6th and early 7th centuries who converted to Islam. She took part in the
723:
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2639:
2276:
Future Females, the Next Generation: New Voices and Velocities in Feminist Science Fiction Criticism.
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in May 1429 contributed to the retreat of the English from the city. She was later canonized as a
2840:
2771:
2742:
2682:
Magoulick, Mary (2006). "Frustrating Female Heroism: Mixed Messages in Xena, Nikita, and Buffy".
2520:
2490:
Warrior Women of Television: A Feminist Cultural Analysis of the New Female Body in Popular Media
2477:
2403:
2334:
2025:
The Warrior Women of Television: A Feminist Cultural Analysis of the Female Body in Popular Media
2005:
1641:
1579:
552:
468:
303:
2155:
948:
The female character of the tales classified as ATU 519, "The Strong Woman as Bride (Brunhilde)"
871:
index as ATU 513, "The Extraordinary Companions" and subtypes, and ATU 514, "The Shift of Sex".
679:
Sculpture of warrior woman from the Vijayanagar period, 16th century, Sesha Mandapa hall of the
1691:
Personal Salvation and Filial Piety: Two Precious Scroll Narratives of Guanyin and Her Acolytes
2989:
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2324:
1995:
1966:
1906:
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1740:"Essai d'identification d'un type de conte. PremiĂšre partie. Le sauvage et la fille travestie"
1694:
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920:
840:
789:
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Genealogies of Fiction: Women Warriors and the Medieval Imagination in the 'Orlando furioso'
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juxtaposition to the film's pastel colour palette and stereotypically feminine aesthetic.
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was a Sikh warrior of 18th century. She encouraged and rallied the soldiers who abandoned
717:
463:
253:
202:
159:
1550:
951:
The female hero of ATU tale type 300, "The Dragon-Slayer", in variants from Latin America
756:
was a warrior in the 15th century and considered a heroine in France for her role in the
520:, a term with multiple translations including "the equal of men." "Amazon" has become an
41:
that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
2338:
796:. Many ballads and folksongs glorify her bravery and she is revered as a Feminist Icon.
2801:
2440:
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1065:
1005:
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528:
263:
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651:. Woman with bow, an attendant removing a thorn from her foot. Early 16th century C.E.
2953:
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2009:
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119:
768:. In modern popular culture, Joan of Arc has been depicted many times, including in
1258:
1248:
1243:
1073:
705:
537:
472:
447:
437:
361:
187:
169:
1948:
2754:
Raber, Karen L. (2000). "Warrior Women in the Plays of Cavendish and Killigrew".
1801:
1390:
2644:: Making women warriors â a transnational reading of Asian female action heroes"
2497:
1085:
1001:
860:
753:
625:
605:
556:
2592:
2524:
2115:
825:, or The Warrior Maiden. One popular instance of this is the legendary heroine
808:, a girl named Li Ji slays a serpent who devoured many maidens in her village (
2792:
2532:
2255:
2057:
1253:
1126:
1015:
967:
829:
of Chinese history. Mulan's earliest records date back to the time of China's
778:. The film depicts the real trial of Joan of Arc leading up to her execution.
761:
621:
617:
459:
238:
2347:"Pilosités héroïques et femmes travesties : archéologie d'un stratagÚme"
1991:
2844:
2612:"Lara Croft: Feminist Icon or Cyberbimbo? On the Limits of Textual Analysis"
2365:
2267:
2244:
1139:
1058:
997:
826:
781:
564:
2926:
2873:
2611:
1874:
1857:
1756:
1739:
730:
in 636, fighting the Romans and encouraging the male soldiers to join her.
632:
was the wife of a king who drove his chariot in battle and saved his life.
2320:
1314:
1263:
1238:
975:
743:
601:
576:
548:
2746:
2292:
1645:
2775:
2407:
1711:
1213:
1019:
805:
739:
709:
629:
533:
503:
455:
2562:. In Addison, Heather; Goodwin-Kelly, Mary Kate; Roth, Elaine (eds.).
2481:
2313:
Hopeless Love: Boiardo, Ariosto, and Narratives of Queer Female Desire
2305:
Warrior Women: An Archaeologist's Search for History's Hidden Heroines
2426:
1268:
992:
613:
580:
560:
521:
258:
212:
2767:
1803:
Mulan: Five Versions of a Classic Chinese Legend, with Related Texts
524:
for woman warriors and athletes in both modern and ancient society.
2473:
2058:"Women Warriors Are the Rage in Hollywood--But What Was the Truth?"
635:
Other examples of warrior women in India may be seen in sculpture.
2560:, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: 'I'm Not My Mother'"
983:
846:
713:
694:
India. A warrior woman sacrifices herself, cutting her own throat.
648:
512:
507:
482:
1963:
Baba Yaga: The Ambiguous Mother and Witch of the Russian Folktale
2564:
Motherhood Misconceived: Representing the Maternal in U.S. Films
2386:
Deuber-Mankowsky, Astrid and Dominic J. Bonfiglio (Translator).
2282:
Clayton, Sally Pomme (2001). "The woman Warrior: fact or tale".
1982:
Bierhorst, John (2019). "Myths and Folktales in Latin America".
1106:
164:
2548:
Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture
2235:
Alvarez, Maria (14 August 1998). "Feminist icon in a catsuit".
2116:
Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture
1923:
Russian fairy tales: a choice collection of Muscovite folk-lore
1099:
Tough Girls: Women Warriors and Wonder Women in Popular Culture
333:
329:
1551:"Joan of Arc | Biography, Death, Accomplishments, & Facts"
1495:"Arab Women at War: Battles, Assassinations, and Army Leaders"
708:
as participating in wars or battles, including the prophetess
620:
was a warrior wife of the god Krishna who led an army against
1046:
have brought women warriors to the silver screen, such as in
2311:
DeCoste, Mary-Michelle (2009). "Warrior Woman/Lovely Lady".
1295:"From Victim to Vigilante: Gender, Violence, and Revenge in
746:
was also a commander in battle, making famous generals like
2541:
Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture
1828:"Mulan: the history of the Chinese legend behind the film"
1469:"Discovering the Forgotten Female Warriors of Mahabharata"
1671:
Journey of a Goddess: Chen Jinggu Subdues the Snake Demon
2867:
Spectacular Bodies: Gender, Genre, and the Action Cinema
2727:
Action TV: Tough-Guys, Smooth Operators and Foxy Chicks.
2509:. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. pp. 205â224.
2087:"Avenging Women | Avengers | Marvel Comic Reading Lists"
18:
List of women warriors in literature and popular culture
2709:. Pompton Plains, N.J. : Limelight Editions, 2006.
2550:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
2043:
Spectacular Bodies: Gender, Genre and the Action Cinema
1340:"The Amazon Women: Is There Any Truth Behind the Myth?"
970:" (Persian: گ۱ۯ۹Ù۱ÙŰŻ) in the ancient Persian epic poem
2860:
Working Girls: Gender and Sexuality in Popular Culture
1392:
Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology
2725:
Osgerby, Bill, Anna Gough-Yates, and Marianne Wells.
2675:
The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts
2593:
The Third Wave's Final Girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer
1197:
Women in warfare and the military in the 19th century
863:'s Goddaughter"), a Portuguese folktale collected by
487:
Medieval women helping to defend the city from attack
2201:"For Indigenous Women, Radical Art as a Last Resort"
1369:"Plutarch âą On the Bravery of Women â Sections IâXV"
2507:
JoĂŁo GuimarĂŁes Rosa: Un exiliado del lenguaje comĂșn
2416:
Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors
2390:. Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota Press, 2005.
2184:
Push Comes to Shove: New Images of Aggressive Women
2136:
Athenaâs Daughters: Televisionâs New Women Warriors
1905:. University of California Press. 1977. pp. 53-55.
1713:
Critical Fantasies: Structure of Chinese Folk Tales
1103:
Athena's Daughters: Television's New Women Warriors
624:; she was an archer and expert in wartime tactics.
2181:
1609:In Search of the Supernatural: The Written Record
774:, a silent historical film from Danish director
2315:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 23â36.
1305:. In Radner, Hilary; Stringer, Rebecca (eds.).
600:Accounts of martial women were included in the
1772:"'The Ballad of Mulan': A Rhyming Translation"
2498:Girl Heroes: the New Force in Popular Culture
1925:. New York: Pollard & Moss. 1887. p. 108.
1693:. University of Hawai'i Press. 2008. p. 205.
891:(French literary fairy tale by MMe. d'Aulnoy)
345:
311:
8:
2756:SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500â1900
2278:Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
1965:. New York: Peter Lang. 2010 . pp. 144â145.
1806:. Hackett Publishing Company, Incorporated.
1452:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1422:Smith, Patrick Scott, M. A. (30 June 2020).
1395:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 33.
616:, was the commander of her father's armies.
2707:The Modern Amazons: Warrior Women on Screen
1800:Kwa, Shiamin; Idema, Wilt L. (2010-08-13).
2975:Female stock characters in anime and manga
1288:
1286:
1284:
1101:and Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy in
592:women in their histories and mythologies.
516:, in which Homer described them as Amazon
352:
338:
330:
318:
304:
51:
2291:
1873:
1755:
1177:List of female action heroes and villains
962:List of female action heroes and villains
750:flee. Her courage was extolled in poems.
2893:Marano, Hara Estroff (2 November 2002).
1105:, for example, focus on figures such as
436:
2869:. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
1280:
637:
59:
1628:Ch, Russell Maeth (1 September 1990).
1521:"15 Important Muslim Women in History"
1445:
932:, the warrior princess of the tale of
867:. These stories are classified in the
771:The Passion of Joan of Arc (1928 film)
2414:Early, Frances and Kathleen Kennedy,
7:
2812:from the original on 20 October 2021
2211:from the original on 8 December 2015
2199:Verstraten, Katelyn (22 June 2013).
1892:. London: E. Stock. 1882. pp. 53-59.
1652:from the original on 24 October 2021
2717:"I hate Strong Female Characters ."
2610:Kennedy, Helen W. (December 2002).
1434:from the original on 7 October 2022
923:(Italian folktale heroine) and her
879:Belle-Belle ou Le Chevalier Fortuné
704:Several women are described in the
2785:"Warrior queens and blind critics"
2427:http://www.jstor.org/stable/312812
2418:, Syracuse University Press, 2003.
1921:Ralston, William Ralston Shedden.
1501:from the original on 21 April 2017
1172:List of women warriors in folklore
804:In one Chinese legend recorded by
608:(ca. 400 BCE) In Hindu mythology,
536:, who led a rebellion against the
493:List of women warriors in folklore
25:
2789:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
966:Literary women warriors include "
2931:Lothene Experimental Archaeology
2800:Spicuzza, Mary (27 March 2001).
2696:10.1111/j.1540-5931.2006.00326.x
2566:. SUNY Press. pp. 177â196.
2462:The Journal of American Folklore
1862:MĂ©langes de la Casa de VelĂĄzquez
1744:MĂ©langes de la Casa de VelĂĄzquez
956:Literature, film, and television
907:(Italian literary fairy tale by
897:(Italian literary fairy tale by
687:
672:
656:
640:
583:defeated Scythians fighting for
282:Women in Refrigerators (website)
2783:Rowland, Robin (31 July 2004).
2658:from the original on 2022-02-25
2626:from the original on 2010-03-16
2580:from the original on 2022-02-25
2441:Strong women can be heroes, too
2375:from the original on 2017-04-15
2307:. New York: Warner Books, 2001.
2162:from the original on 2007-06-10
2097:from the original on 2021-06-07
2068:from the original on 2021-02-05
1838:from the original on 2021-02-26
1782:from the original on 2020-11-29
1720:from the original on 2022-03-03
1590:from the original on 2021-03-03
1561:from the original on 2019-01-30
1475:from the original on 2021-07-11
1350:from the original on 2022-03-31
1187:Women in post-classical warfare
851:18th century depiction of Mulan
2684:The Journal of Popular Culture
2642:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
2554:Karlyn, Kathleen Rowe (2009).
2501:, Pluto Press Australia, 2002.
2247:in defunct 1960s UK TV series
647:India, Bala Krishna Temple at
443:Britomart Redeems Faire Amoret
32:Warrior woman (disambiguation)
1:
1949:10.1080/0015587X.1990.9715792
1109:, from the television series
1032:and (reluctantly) Erminia in
899:Giovanni Francesco Straparola
811:Li Ji Slays the Giant Serpent
2965:Cultural depictions of women
2853:Action and Adventure Cinema.
2829:. Fordham University Press.
2396:Journal of Folklore Research
1580:"The Passion of Joan of Arc"
1493:Azmy, Ahmed (7 March 2017).
1192:Women in warfare (1500â1699)
941:The Princess in variants of
547:, the Greco-Roman historian
498:Greek legends of the Amazons
2927:"Women Warriors in History"
2825:Stoppino, Eleonora (2012).
2543:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
1219:Birka female Viking warrior
874:Other fairy tales include:
838:Disney's 1998 feature film
551:describes how the women of
3036:
2919:World History Encyclopedia
2855:New York: Routledge, 2004.
2678:. New York: Vintage, 1975.
2492:, New York: P. Lang, 2003.
2425:29, no. 2 (1995): 225â55.
2345:Delpech, François (1998).
2284:Estudos de Literatura Oral
1856:Delpech, François (1985).
1776:Society of Classical Poets
1738:Delpech, François (1984).
1428:World History Encyclopedia
1293:Stringer, Rebecca (2011).
959:
921:Fanta-ghirĂČ, The Beautiful
869:AarneâThompsonâUther Index
681:Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple
665:Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple
567:in the fifth century BCE.
490:
36:
29:
3000:Topics in popular culture
2985:Fictional female warriors
2886:Turner Network Television
2539:Inness, Sherrie A. (ed.)
2388:Lara Croft: Cyber Heroine
2256:Supercop as Woman Warrior
1634:Estudios de Asia y Ăfrica
369:
244:Gaylactic Spectrum Awards
2862:. London: Routledge 1998
2729:London: Routledge, 2001.
2339:10.3138/9781442697447.5.
2023:Dawn, Heinecken (2003).
1992:10.4324/9781315108407-17
1584:The Criterion Collection
1182:Women in ancient warfare
1122:Buffy the Vampire Slayer
816:Li Chi Slays the Serpent
115:Feminist science fiction
2995:Mythological archetypes
2366:10.3406/hispa.1998.4963
2301:Davis-Kimball, Jeannine
2243:(female lead character
2027:. New York: Peter Lang.
1710:He, Saihanjula (2000).
1555:Encyclopedia Britannica
1371:. penelope.uchicago.edu
1035:La Gerusalemme liberata
857:A afilhada de SĂŁo Pedro
545:On the Bravery of Women
2453:Democrat and Chronicle
2045:. New York: Routledge.
1888:Pedroso, Consiglieri.
1875:10.3406/casa.1985.2446
1757:10.3406/casa.1984.2419
1307:Feminism at the Movies
1112:Xena: Warrior Princess
1084:, and, more recently,
980:Arabic epic literature
852:
587:of Pontus, and in his
527:In British mythology,
488:
479:Folklore and mythology
451:
249:Lambda Literary Awards
37:This article contains
2670:Kingston, Maxine Hong
2321:10.3138/9781442697447
1890:Portuguese folk-tales
1315:10.4324/9780203152416
1153:Promising Young Woman
1072:. Characters such as
1068:and films within the
935:Koschei the Deathless
917:(Romanian fairy tale)
889:Princess Belle-Etoile
850:
734:Khawlah bint al-Azwar
563:under the command of
486:
440:
2939:"Females in Fantasy"
2895:"A Case of Catch-22"
2874:Girls with Gauntlets
2802:"Butt-Kicking Babes"
2722:(Retrieved 8-24-13.)
2423:Modern Asian Studies
2180:Lavin, Maud (2010).
2091:Marvel Entertainment
2062:History News Network
1986:. pp. 199â209.
1984:The Fairy Tale World
1630:"El cuento de Li Ji"
1389:Plant, I.M. (2004).
1344:Smithsonian Magazine
1070:DC Extended Universe
943:AarneâThompsonâUther
938:(Russian fairy tale)
823:La Doncella Guerrera
800:Folk and fairy tales
766:Roman Catholic saint
555:fought against King
198:Single-gender worlds
61:Sex and sexuality in
43:adding missing items
30:For other uses, see
2546:Inness, Sherrie A.
2354:Bulletin Hispanique
2254:Au, Wagner James. "
2056:Gaboury, Jennifer.
909:Giambattista Basile
895:Costanza / Costanzo
883:literary fairy tale
865:Consiglieri Pedroso
794:Nanded, Maharashtra
716:, and the unnamed "
63:speculative fiction
55:Part of a series on
3020:Gender and society
3010:Women in mythology
2960:Combat occupations
2879:2012-02-18 at the
2720:The New Statesman.
2715:(August 15, 2013)
2638:Kim, L.S. (2006).
2598:2005-06-20 at the
2446:2007-12-27 at the
2432:2022-07-17 at the
2261:2000-08-19 at the
2141:2008-05-16 at the
2121:2008-05-11 at the
1525:Islamophobia Today
853:
835:Southern Dynasties
758:Hundred Years' War
604:(ca. 500 BCE) and
489:
469:counter stereotype
452:
182:Recurring elements
2872:Trickey, Helyn. "
2836:978-0-8232-4037-1
2713:McDougall, Sophia
2703:Mainon, Dominique
2606:1:2 (March 2002).
2573:978-1-4384-2815-4
2516:978-84-9012-766-7
2488:Heinecken, Dawn.
2330:978-0-8020-9684-5
2274:Barr, Marleen S.
1971:978-0-8204-6769-6
1901:Thompson, Stith.
1813:978-1-60384-871-8
1699:978-0-8248-3215-5
1531:on 6 October 2021
1467:Rashmi Vajpayee.
1338:Foreman, Amanda.
1324:978-0-203-15241-6
1224:Counterstereotype
1011:The Faerie Queene
885:by MMe. d'Aulnoy)
790:Battle of Muktsar
786:Guru Gobind Singh
728:Battle of Yarmouk
510:'s epic poem the
454:The portrayal of
434:
433:
328:
327:
234:Gaylactic Network
155:In horror fiction
77:Sex and sexuality
27:Archetypal figure
16:(Redirected from
3027:
3015:Women and sports
2970:Cultural studies
2946:
2934:
2922:
2915:"Scythian Women"
2902:
2899:Psychology Today
2851:Tasker, Yvonne.
2848:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2796:
2795:on 16 July 2004.
2791:. Archived from
2779:
2750:
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2666:
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2663:
2634:
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2631:
2591:Karras, Irene. "
2588:
2586:
2585:
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2495:Hopkins, Susan,
2485:
2468:(428): 156â177.
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1203:Related articles
1150:. The 2020 film
1040:Grendel's mother
905:The Three Crowns
724:Hind bint âUtbah
691:
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160:Lesbian vampires
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47:reliable sources
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2937:
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2892:
2881:Wayback Machine
2865:Tasker, Yvonne.
2858:Tasker, Yvonne.
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2768:10.2307/1556254
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2525:j.ctt1z27gt1.14
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2448:Wayback Machine
2439:Garner, Jack. "
2434:Wayback Machine
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