1979:
33:
254:
1201:
3215:
2137:
1346:
3229:
768:
744:
3169:
3157:
3130:
2118:
2074:
2050:
3188:
2098:
1421:
1129:
1305:
1237:
1179:
3106:
1156:
1084:
saw the presence of no less than 15 separate factions, including the offshoot SNA branches of USC and SPM. It was a plethora of acronyms: SAMO, SDA, SDM, SNA, SNDU, SNF, SNU, SPM, SPM-(SNA), SSDF, SSNM-(SNA), USC-(SNA), USC, USF, USP. Aidid's four SNA-aligned factions comprised a powerful bloc.
1088:
The progressive tone of the proceedings was undercut by the actual lack of progress in the regions and on the streets of
Mogadishu. In time, new factions emerged as the Somali Civil War entered a new phase: disintegration into independent and autonomous states.
338:
Isaaq tribe members had founded the movement in 1981 as emigres to London with the express purpose of overthrowing the Barre regime. They eventually moved to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and gained the support of the
Ethiopian government.
185:
The SSDF also propped up and trained the SNM. Both SSDF and SNM leaders met in
Ethiopia’s capital in September 1987 to unite and devise a plan to topple Siad Barre’s regime but they failed to agree on a common strategy.
1063:
The "new" USP had no affiliation to the original group founded in the 1950s. The new group that bore their name were generally pro-Siad, but key participants in the
Reconciliation Conference of the Elders at
2208:
2366:
2054:
1749:
1267:
903:
The Issa clan is a Somali clan that spreads across northwest
Somaliland and the nation of Djibouti. The "new" USF especially sought to represent the interests of the Djibouti-based Iise.
1077:
848:, General Mohammed Hashi Gaani, General Ahmed Ali,'Gacaliye', General Omar Hagi Masallah, Dr. Ali Nur Mukhtar, Ahmed Sheikh Ali " Buraale ". Col. Abdirizak Isak Bihi, Mohamud Sayid.
2405:
1788:
1646:
232:"Gacaliye", Ahmed Sheikh Ali Ahmed "Burale", Dr. Ali Nur, General Mohammed Hashi Gaani, General Ahmed Warsame Col Barre Hiiraale, Gen Omar Hagi Massale, Col. Abdirizak Issak Bihi.
1940:
2201:
784:-dominated northern region of Somalia declared its independence in 1991, but has not been recognized by any country or international organization as a sovereign nation.
2410:
1793:
1081:
3006:
2351:
1901:
1734:
2420:
1803:
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In
November 1991, factionalism between Gen. Aidid and Ali Mahdi Mahammad caused a split in the USC. Mohamed Qanyare Afrah was chosen to be the Chairman of USC .
2651:
1472:
2194:
2590:
824:, Southern Somali National Movement, and other southern factions. His son, Hussein Aidid, assumed leadership upon his death. The SNA became the core of the
1861:
868:
Their intent and goal was to recapture
Mogadishu and reinstate the regime of Siad Barre, and to establish regional state in Gedo, Middle and Lower Jubba.
174:
Founded: 1978 by several army officers, it was the first of several opposition groups dedicated to ousting the authoritarian regime of
Mohamed Siad Barre.
2078:
490:
Leaders: Dr. Omar M. Hassan, Gen, ciise maqadeye
Hussein Ahmed Mohamed, Abdi Hilowle Hassan, Hassan Mohamud Moheddin, Hassan Omar Mohamed (Founders, 1989
1639:
1457:
3268:
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1798:
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179:
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2620:
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2217:
2175:
2861:
2781:
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1871:
1766:
2341:
1724:
1012:
A political party that was active in the 1960s but was forced into dissolution during the Barre regime. It revived after his downfall.
427:
2986:
2831:
2806:
1960:
1538:
3019:
2856:
2811:
2791:
2726:
2525:
2450:
1581:
1548:
1500:
118:
76:
54:
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2154:
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653:
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2761:
2721:
2023:
865:
Loyalists to Siad Barre and Ahmed Ali, the remnants of his army forces founded the SNF militia after his ouster from office.
581:
356:
By 1988, the SNM moved out of their camps in
Ethiopia and began operating in northern Somali republic, the area now known as
2395:
1778:
1672:
3134:
3045:
2751:
2696:
1945:
1610:
1490:
353:
Between 1985 and 1987, the SNM conducted many attacks on government facilities and troops based out of camps in Ethiopia.
3221:
2946:
2941:
2911:
2826:
2821:
2741:
364:
3081:
2981:
2916:
2901:
2771:
2666:
2510:
2465:
2030:
1881:
1831:
1366:
1312:
1257:
801:
455:
Leaders: Mohamed Farah Abdullahi, Mohamed Rashiid Sheekh also called sheekh malee, Zak Fergason, and Jamac Rabile(SDA)
235:
Area of Operations: Southern and Central Somalia; occasional forays to outskirts of Mogadishu and neighboring Regions.
1469:
1520:
3060:
2996:
2936:
2756:
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2445:
2388:
1876:
1771:
851:
Area of Operations: Upper Jubba (Gedo), Middle and Lower Jubba regions; occasional forays to outskirts of Mogadishu
576:
3050:
2961:
2851:
2706:
2440:
1950:
821:
729:
714:
446:
A key accomplishment was the seizure of Balli-Dogle air base in the days prior to Barre's flight from Mogadishu.
423:
410:
290:
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2520:
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1891:
788:
271:
246:
47:
41:
3161:
2991:
2881:
2711:
2701:
2656:
2550:
2515:
2485:
1914:
1866:
1614:
643:
2766:
2681:
2635:
2545:
2530:
2376:
2018:
1955:
1759:
1618:
817:
687:
557:
482:
403:
284:
253:
198:
94:
58:
3149:
3139:
2776:
2671:
2615:
2605:
2088:
2040:
1909:
1856:
1826:
1200:
845:
832:
507:
498:
Ali Mohamed Osoble (Ali Wardhiigley) And Dr. Ismael Jimaale) (Mogadishu section founder, 1989); General
229:
190:
134:
17:
2906:
2891:
2836:
2746:
2716:
2500:
2400:
2001:
1924:
1783:
1244:
1186:
1140:
797:
499:
278:
265:
217:
210:
495:
3024:
2926:
2866:
2625:
2610:
2580:
2127:
2011:
1016:
138:
3115:
3029:
2796:
2630:
2570:
2565:
2108:
2083:
2064:
2006:
1025:
724:
646:
627:
570:
517:
Tribal Affiliation: Hawiye (Habar Gidir, Xawaadle,Sheekhaal,duduble, Murusade and Abgaal clans)
3065:
3014:
2676:
2600:
2575:
2555:
2505:
1841:
1577:
1544:
1496:
503:
317:
3178:
2560:
2535:
2356:
2229:
2059:
1919:
1836:
1821:
1739:
1667:
1569:
663:
and General Mohammed Mohammud Hayd Ex-cabinet of President Dr.Abdiqasiman, and parliamentary
372:
90:
809:
Tribal affiliation: Habar Gidir, Ogaadeen, Raxanweyn, Sheekhaal, Duduble, Gugundhabe, Dir .
2540:
2495:
2455:
2346:
2159:
1886:
1851:
1846:
1729:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1476:
130:
3144:
2976:
2490:
2147:
1425:
734:
347:
3262:
3198:
3086:
2736:
2234:
2142:
2035:
1677:
624:
153:
1345:
900:
The original USF joined with the SNM in the creation of the Republic of Somaliland.
896:
Founded: prior to 1991 as a small liberation movement. "New" USF founded Summer 1991
3110:
1989:
1381:
926:
743:
719:
630:
478:
Pro-Barre faction. Fought against other liberation movements during Barre's reign.
2186:
767:
1606:
1994:
1290:
1045:
891:
781:
682:
Founded after the fall of Siad Barre through to the UN interventions (1991–1995)
587:
360:. They even temporarily occupied the provincial capitals of Burao and Hargeysa.
220:
forces after his ouster from office, the SNF's intent and goal was to recapture
1573:
1128:
3096:
1332:
1304:
1236:
1218:
1178:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1005:
1001:
991:
885:
841:
753:
739:
649:
463:
368:
357:
299:
213:
1624:
3091:
1226:
1191:
670:
657:
528:
469:
436:
Tribal Affiliation: Ogaden (SPM 'Ogadeni') and Wardey (known as SPM 'Harti')
379:
rocket launchers. They also operated various antiaircraft guns, such as the
221:
164:
102:
1096:
1072:
Those present at the 1993 Conference on National Reconciliation in Somalia
692:
350:
to free political prisoners while simultaneously raiding Cadaadle armory.
3193:
3173:
2122:
2103:
1984:
1338:
1285:
1136:
1114:
1035:
956:
948:
674:
387:
157:
3168:
3156:
3129:
2117:
2073:
2049:
1327:
1294:
1155:
1031:
855:
640:
636:
611:
399:
391:
380:
343:
206:
202:
98:
1595:
1273:
1251:
1222:
1169:
1065:
960:
149:
531:, taking control of the capital and forcing Siad Barre into exile.
1214:
1146:
1119:
952:
881:
777:
757:
749:
459:
395:
376:
252:
168:
145:
591:
527:
On January 26, 1991, the USC stormed the Presidential palace in
521:
2190:
1628:
418:
Leaders: Colonel Shukri Weyrah Kariye, Colonel Bashir Bililiqo,
363:
They captured government Toyota Land Cruisers turned them into
26:
1313:
Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations
1093:
Created after the departure of the UN Missions (1995–Present)
935:
Some of the tribes living the jubba and shabelle river banks
1268:
Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism
156:
regions in northeastern Somalia; 1991: northeast Somalia (
965:
Tribal Affiliation: Awrtable and Lelkase Darood sub-clans
1078:
Informal Preparatory Meeting on National Reconciliation
971:
Founding member of Puntland state, alongside the SSDF.
1458:
The Fall of Siad Barre and the Descent into Civil War
816:
Its constituents included Mohamed Aidid's breakaway
3074:
3038:
3005:
2644:
2431:
2334:
2243:
1969:
1941:
2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash
1933:
1900:
1814:
1717:
1686:
1564:"Somali Boundaries and the Question of Statehood",
1519:Country Information and Policy Unit (April 2001).
443:Begun by a group of disaffected Ogadeni officers.
1526:. European Country of Origin Information Network.
1082:Conference on National Reconciliation in Somalia
1507:(founded 1989, leader, Mohammed Farah Abdullah)
1164:Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council
113:Prior to the fall of Siad Barre (through 1991)
2652:2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu
2202:
1640:
8:
2591:2018 African Union base attack in Bulo Marer
1607:Warlords of the Somali Civil War (1988–1995)
944:Leaders: Ali Ismael Abdi and Abdullahi Azari
2352:Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
1735:Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa
1059:Founded: 1957 - 1969 (original group); 1991
974:Museum : Museum is available at Mudug.
209:. Initially made up of loyalists to former
141:, Mohammed Abshir Waldo (General Secretary)
2209:
2195:
2187:
1647:
1633:
1625:
1446:Somalia: issues, history, and bibliography
367:by mounting 12.7 mm and 14.5 mm
298:Area of Operations: Northwestern Somalia (
514:Area of Operations: South Central Somalia
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
2732:2015 Ministry of Higher Education attack
907:Somali Africans Muke Organization (SAMO)
109:control over vast areas within Somalia.
40:This article includes a list of general
18:List of warlords in the Somali Civil War
2787:December 2016 Mogadishu suicide bombing
1621:, Alabama, 2015. Introductory overview.
1437:
939:Somali National Democratic Union (SNDU)
666:an advocate of Somali indigenous clans.
1862:Battle of Mogadishu (March–April 2007)
2692:2013 Mogadishu Turkish embassy attack
2596:December 2018 airstrikes in Gandarshe
1401:Hawiye and Majeerteen (Ali Suleiman)
402:. On May 18, 1991, they declared the
7:
3056:Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim controversy
2621:2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia
1537:Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25).
433:Area of Operations: southern Somalia
257:Flag of the Somali National Movement
2862:28 February 2019 Mogadishu bombings
2782:November 2016 Mogadishu car bombing
2384:2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive
2367:Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts
1872:Battle of Mogadishu (November 2007)
1767:2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive
1750:Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts
1609:, Master's degree research report,
1470:The Liberation Movements of Somalia
994:; an Arabic, not ethnic Somali clan
639:: Mohammed Husen, Ex-parliamentary
386:By 1991, they had taken control of
342:On January 2, 1982, operating near
2987:Mogadishu military academy bombing
2832:2 September 2018 Mogadishu bombing
2807:14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings
2476:2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash
984:Leaders: Dr. Mohamed Ragis Mohamed
597:Religious Affiliations:Sunni Islam
46:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3020:Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt
2857:4 February 2019 Mogadishu bombing
2812:28 October 2017 Mogadishu attacks
2792:2 January 2017 Mogadishu bombings
2727:Garissa University College attack
2526:Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt
2451:Battle for Central Somalia (2009)
2406:Somali Reconciliation Conferences
1789:Somali Reconciliation Conferences
800:, Mohamed Nur Aliyou; 1996-2001:
605:Southern Somali National Movement
422:Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess, General
119:Somali Salvation Democratic Front
3269:Factions in the Somali Civil War
3227:
3213:
3186:
3167:
3155:
3128:
3104:
2957:October 2022 Beledweyne bombings
2952:September 2022 Beledweyne attack
2932:February 2022 Beledweyne bombing
2897:2020 Mogadishu army base bombing
2135:
2116:
2096:
2072:
2048:
1977:
1540:Historical Dictionary of Somalia
1448:, (Nova Publishers: 2002), p.25.
1419:
1344:
1303:
1235:
1199:
1177:
1154:
1127:
766:
742:
538:Somali Democratic Movement (SDM)
450:Somali Democratic Alliance (SDA)
31:
2967:October 2022 Mogadishu bombings
2922:November 2021 Mogadishu bombing
2887:December 2019 Mogadishu bombing
2842:December 2018 Mogadishu bombing
2817:February 2018 Mogadishu attacks
2802:February 2017 Mogadishu bombing
2586:November 2017 Somalia airstrike
2481:Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011)
2218:Somali civil war (2009–present)
2176:Somali Civil War (2009–present)
2079:Transitional Federal Parliament
1209:Transitional Federal Government
586:Area of Operations: Southwest (
125:First Somali resistance group.
3121:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki
2972:Siege of the Villa Rossa Hotel
2877:24 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing
2872:22 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing
2847:Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack
2762:February 2016 Mogadishu attack
2722:Makka al-Mukarama hotel attack
2342:History of Somalia (1991–2006)
2024:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki
1725:History of Somalia (1991–2006)
1479:Jack L. Davies, 27 August 1994
919:Leaders: Mohamed Ramadan Arbow
877:Leaders: Abdurahman Dualeh Al;
582:Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki
224:and reinstate Barre's regime.
148:region in central Somalia and
1:
3135:Federal Government of Somalia
3046:Death of Noramfaizul Mohd Nor
2752:January 2016 Mogadishu attack
2697:Westgate shopping mall attack
1961:2008 Hargeisa–Bosaso bombings
1946:February 2008 Bosaso bombings
1611:Air Command and Staff College
913:Somali Asal Muki Organization
806:Area of Operations: Mogadishu
577:Abdullahi Ali Afrah (aasbaro)
546:Area of Operations: Mogadishu
543:Leaders:Maxamed Qanyare Afrah
520:Founded: February 1, 1989 in
2947:August 2022 Mogadishu attack
2942:April 2022 Mogadishu bombing
2912:March 2021 Mogadishu bombing
2827:July 2018 Mogadishu bombings
2822:March 2018 Mogadishu bombing
2742:Jazeera Palace Hotel bombing
1568:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014,
922:Area of Operations: ???
549:Tribal Affiliation: Murusade
428:Mohammed Said Hersi "Morgan"
228:Leaders: General Ahmed Ali,
2982:2023 Mogadishu hotel attack
2917:June 2021 Mogadishu bombing
2902:2020 Mogadishu hotel attack
2772:June 2016 Mogadishu attacks
2667:May 2010 Mogadishu bombings
2511:Battle of Beledweyne (2011)
2466:Battle of Beledweyne (2010)
1882:Battle of Beledweyne (2008)
1832:Battle of Beledweyne (2006)
1356:Dhulbahante, Darwiish clan
979:Somali National Union (SNU)
802:Hussein Mohamed Farah Aidid
633:, non-violence organization
238:Tribal Affiliation: Marehan
3285:
3248:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
3061:Daallo Airlines Flight 159
2997:Mogadishu tea shop bombing
2937:March 2022 Somalia attacks
2757:Daallo Airlines Flight 159
2687:June 2013 Mogadishu attack
2446:Battle of Mogadishu (2009)
2389:Battle of Mogadishu (2006)
1877:Battle of Mogadishu (2008)
1656:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
1574:10.1057/9781137470751.0007
1566:Security, Clans and Tribes
1495:. Africa Journal Limited.
180:Ethiopian border offensive
144:Area of Operations: 1988:
3242:
3051:London Somalia Conference
2962:2022 Kismayo hotel attack
2852:Nairobi Latema Road blast
2707:2014 Villa Somalia attack
2441:Battle of South Mogadishu
2396:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
2224:
2170:
1951:Al-Hidaya Mosque massacre
1779:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
1673:Ethiopian–Somali conflict
1662:
872:United Somali Front (USF)
822:Somali Patriotic Movement
812:Founded: June 1992 - 2004
730:Ahmed M. Mahamoud Silanyo
715:Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
623:Founded 1991, represents
411:Somali Patriotic Movement
305:Tribal Affiliation: Isaaq
291:Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur
272:Sheikh Yusuf Ali Sh.Madar
3234:Islamic State in Somalia
2662:2009 Hotel Shamo bombing
2521:Battle of Kismayo (2012)
2461:Battle of Kismayo (2009)
1892:Battle of Kismayo (2008)
1772:2006 Battle of Mogadishu
1389:2009–2010 and 2012–2014
789:Somali National Alliance
677:indigenous Somali clans.
618:United Somali Root (USR)
332:Prof Abdisalan Gabeyhadi
285:Ahmed M.Mahamoud Silanyo
247:Somali National Movement
216:and the remnants of the
197:The SNF was a political
101:groups run by competing
2992:2023 Beledweyne bombing
2882:2019 Kenya bus shooting
2712:2014 Hotel Amalo attack
2702:2013 Beledweyne attacks
2657:2009 Beledweyne bombing
2551:Battle of Janale (2015)
2516:Battle of Yurkud (2012)
2486:Battle of Jubbada Hoose
1915:Battle of Bargal (2007)
1867:Battle of Bargal (2007)
1615:United States Air Force
1256:2006–2007 (replaced by
326:Hassan Aaddan wadaadiid
95:revolutionary movements
93:, there have been many
89:Over the course of the
61:more precise citations.
2767:Baidoa suicide bombing
2682:2011 Mogadishu bombing
2636:Battle of Buulo Mareer
2546:Battle of Leego (2015)
2531:Operation Indian Ocean
2019:al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
1956:2008 Mogadishu bombing
1619:Maxwell Air Force Base
1605:Major Gideon S. Hall,
1489:Uwechue, Raph (1991).
1371:Non Somali and Somali
818:United Somali Congress
558:Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
483:United Somali Congress
404:Republic of Somaliland
314:Ahmad Mahammad Culaid,
258:
199:revolutionary movement
3150:Mohamed Sheikh Hassan
3140:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
2777:2016 Galkayo bombings
2672:2010 Kampala bombings
2616:2021 Galmudug clashes
2606:2021 Mogadishu mutiny
2089:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
2041:Aden Hashi Farah Aero
1910:Battle of Ras Kamboni
1857:Battle of Ras Kamboni
1827:Battle of Bandiradley
846:Mohammed Said Samatar
833:Somali National Front
508:Mohamed Qanyare Afrah
346:, the group attacked
256:
230:Mohammed Said Samatar
191:Somali National Front
135:Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
3162:Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a
2907:2020 Galkayo bombing
2892:2020 Afgooye bombing
2837:Sahafi Hotel attacks
2747:Sahafi Hotel attacks
2717:Central Hotel attack
2501:Operation Linda Nchi
2401:Insurgency in Ogaden
2002:Islamic Courts Union
1925:Dhusamareb airstrike
1784:Insurgency in Ogaden
1521:"SOMALIA ASSESSMENT"
1460:Nations Encyclopedia
1444:Nina J. Fitzgerald,
1337:2007-2008 (rejoined
1245:Islamic Courts Union
1187:Southwestern Somalia
1141:Juba Valley Alliance
1044:Tribal Affiliation:
1030:Area of Operations:
990:Tribal Affiliation:
947:Area of Operations:
925:Tribal Affiliation:
890:Tribal Affiliation:
880:Area of Operations:
854:Tribal Affiliation:
798:Mohamed Farrah Aidid
796:Leaders: 1992-1996:
763:18 May 1991–Present
669:Tribal Affiliation:
600:Founded: Late 1980s.
500:Mohamed Farrah Aidid
468:Tribal Affiliation:
458:Area of Operations:
426:('Gabyow'), General
323:Mohamed Hashi cilmi,
279:Abdiqadir Kosar Abdi
266:Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid
218:Somali National Army
211:President of Somalia
178:Took part in a 1982
163:Tribal Affiliation:
3025:2013 raid on Barawe
2927:2022 Mandera attack
2867:Asasey Hotel attack
2611:2021 Golweyn ambush
2581:2017 Golweyn ambush
2128:Mohamed Warsame Ali
2012:Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
1543:. Scarecrow Press.
1103:Tribal Affiliation
1017:United Somali Party
987:Area of Operations:
861:Founded: March 1991
702:Tribal Affiliation
699:Area of Operations
552:Founded: April 1989
241:Founded: March 1991
139:Mohamed Abshir Musa
3116:Hassan Dahir Aweys
3030:2017 raid on Barii
2797:Dayah Hotel attack
2631:Battle of Runirgod
2571:2017 raid on Barii
2566:Battle of Kulbiyow
2109:Mohamud Muse Hersi
2084:Ali Mohammed Ghedi
2065:Mohamed Omar Habeb
2007:Hassan Dahir Aweys
1475:2006-12-10 at the
1426:Somalia portal
1026:Mohamed Abdi Hashi
725:Dahir Riyale Kahin
610:Clan affiliation:
571:Hassan Dahir Aweys
424:Aden Abdullahi Nur
259:
3256:
3255:
3066:Awdiinle massacre
3015:2009 Baraawe raid
2677:Muna Hotel attack
2601:Camp Simba attack
2576:Battle of Af Urur
2556:Battle of El Adde
2506:Battle of Deynile
2184:
2183:
1842:Fall of Mogadishu
1410:
1409:
1341:in January 2009)
840:Leaders: General
774:
773:
504:Ali Mahdi Mohamed
373:recoilless rifles
318:Ahmed Ismail Abdi
182:against Somalia.
87:
86:
79:
16:(Redirected from
3276:
3246:Previous phase:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3179:Abdi Hasan Awale
3172:
3171:
3160:
3159:
3133:
3132:
3109:
3108:
3107:
2626:Battle of Bal'ad
2561:Qandala campaign
2536:Galgala campaign
2471:2010 Ayn clashes
2357:Somali Civil War
2230:Somali Civil War
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2121:
2120:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2077:
2076:
2060:Abdi Hasan Awale
2053:
2052:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1920:Dobley airstrike
1837:Battle of Jowhar
1822:Battle of Baidoa
1740:Somali Civil War
1668:Somali Civil War
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1598:
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1239:
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1181:
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1131:
1097:
770:
746:
693:
510:(November 1991)
329:Hassan isse Jama
105:which have held
91:Somali Civil War
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
57:this article by
48:inline citations
35:
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3034:
3001:
2640:
2541:Battle of Baure
2496:Battle of Elwaq
2456:Battle of Wabho
2433:
2427:
2347:Greater Somalia
2330:
2239:
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2215:
2185:
2180:
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2160:Yoweri Museveni
2136:
2134:
2115:
2097:
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2071:
2047:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1929:
1896:
1887:Siege of Baidoa
1852:Fall of Kismayo
1847:Battle of Jilib
1810:
1730:Greater Somalia
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1068:in early 1993.
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1000:Ideology: Anti-
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909:
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733:2017- current:
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131:Hassan Ali Mire
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2977:Mahas bombings
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2491:Battle of Gedo
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2148:Jendayi Frazer
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1254:
1250:Predominately
1248:
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1212:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1183:
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1009:
998:
997:Founded: 1960s
995:
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977:
976:
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969:
966:
963:
945:
940:
937:
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849:
836:
830:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
792:
786:
772:
771:
764:
761:
747:
737:
735:Muse Bihi Abdi
710:
709:
706:
703:
700:
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667:
664:
661:
634:
619:
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496:ciise maqadeye
492:
491:
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475:
472:
466:
456:
451:
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441:
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408:
371:, 106 mm
348:Mandera Prison
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14:
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3199:Abdiweli Gaas
3197:
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3119:
3117:
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3112:
3102:
3098:
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3090:
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3087:Mukhtar Robow
3085:
3084:
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3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
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2750:
2748:
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2743:
2740:
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2737:Garowe attack
2735:
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2725:
2723:
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2715:
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2236:
2235:War on terror
2233:
2231:
2227:
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2223:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2198:
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2143:United States
2133:
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2110:
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2036:Mukhtar Robow
2034:
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2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
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1678:War on terror
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1583:9781137470751
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1550:9780810866041
1546:
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1502:9780903274197
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1398:
1397:Islamic State
1395:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:SSC movement
1352:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:2007–present
1319:
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1311:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1300:2006–present
1299:
1296:
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1266:
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1262:
1259:
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1234:
1232:2004–present
1231:
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1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
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1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:1999–Present
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:1998–Present
1123:
1121:
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1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
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1023:
1022:
1018:
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1013:
1007:
1003:
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993:
989:
986:
983:
982:
978:
973:
970:
968:Founded: 1991
967:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:
931:Founded: 1993
930:
928:
924:
921:
918:
917:
916:
914:
911:(also called
906:
904:
901:
895:
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871:
869:
866:
860:
857:
853:
850:
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843:
839:
838:
834:
831:
829:
827:
823:
820:faction, the
819:
811:
808:
805:
803:
799:
795:
794:
790:
787:
785:
783:
779:
769:
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762:
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748:
745:
741:
738:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
712:
711:
707:
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689:
686:
681:
676:
672:
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665:
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659:
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648:
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638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
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621:
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613:
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589:
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583:
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569:
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541:
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523:
519:
516:
513:
512:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
489:
488:
484:
481:
479:
474:Founded: 1989
473:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
454:
453:
449:
447:
444:
439:Founded: 1989
438:
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
425:
417:
416:
412:
409:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
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366:
361:
359:
354:
351:
349:
345:
340:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
312:
310:
308:Founded: 1981
307:
304:
301:
297:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
261:
260:
255:
248:
245:
240:
237:
234:
231:
227:
226:
225:
223:
219:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
192:
189:
187:
183:
181:
173:
170:
166:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
132:
129:Leaders: Dr.
128:
127:
126:
120:
117:
112:
110:
108:
104:
103:rebel leaders
100:
96:
92:
81:
78:
70:
60:
56:
50:
49:
43:
38:
29:
28:
19:
3111:Hizbul Islam
3039:Other events
2361:
2228:Part of the
2174:Next phase:
1990:Meles Zenawi
1934:Other events
1744:
1666:Part of the
1591:
1565:
1559:
1539:
1532:
1514:
1506:
1492:Africa Today
1491:
1484:
1465:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1382:Hizbul Islam
1087:
1075:
1062:
1011:
934:
912:
910:
902:
899:
867:
864:
815:
775:
756:
720:Ibrahim Egal
644:Transitional
533:
526:
493:
477:
445:
442:
421:
385:
362:
355:
352:
341:
337:
196:
184:
177:
124:
106:
88:
73:
67:January 2022
64:
45:
3075:Key players
2434:and battles
2377:Disarmament
1995:Gabre Heard
1970:Key players
1760:Disarmament
1317:Multi-clan
1293:Hawiye and
1291:Habar Gidir
1056:(Samaroon).
1046:Dhulbahante
858:(Mareehaan)
782:Dhulbahante
754:Dhulbahante
728:2010-2017:
723:2002-2010:
718:1993–2002:
713:1991–1993:
588:Ras Kamboni
369:machineguns
59:introducing
3097:Fuad Qalaf
3082:Al-Shabaab
2432:Operations
2372:Propaganda
2335:Background
2031:al-Shabaab
1755:Propaganda
1718:Background
1432:References
1367:Al-Shabaab
1333:Warsangeli
1258:Al-Shabaab
1196:2002–2006
1174:2001–2004
1054:Gadabuursi
1050:Warsangeli
1040:Somaliland
1006:Reer Hamar
1002:Siad Barre
992:Reer Hamar
886:Somaliland
844:, General
842:Siad Barre
740:Somaliland
688:Somaliland
650:Government
628:indigenous
464:Somaliland
365:technicals
358:Somaliland
300:Somaliland
287:1984-1990,
214:Siad Barre
201:and armed
137:, General
42:references
3092:Ali Dhere
1227:Rahanweyn
1192:Rahanweyn
1076:The 1993
1024:Leaders:
1008:interests
828:in 2001.
671:Muse clan
658:Mogadisho
529:Mogadishu
470:Gadabursi
311:Founders
293:1990-1991
281:1983–1984
274:1982–1983
268:1981–1982
262:Leaders:
222:Mogadishu
165:Majerteen
3263:Category
3194:Puntland
3174:Galmudug
2362:Factions
2244:Timeline
2123:Galmudug
2104:Puntland
1985:Ethiopia
1745:Factions
1687:Timeline
1473:Archived
1413:See also
1339:Puntland
1286:Galmudug
1270:(ARPCT)
1137:Jubaland
1115:Puntland
1100:Faction
1080:and the
1036:Las Anod
957:Burtinle
949:Galgadud
696:Leaders
675:madhiban
565:Leaders:
388:Hargeysa
158:Puntland
107:de facto
3222:AFRICOM
3007:OEF–HOA
2645:Attacks
1902:OEF–HOA
1815:Battles
1328:Maakhir
1295:Marehan
1166:(SRRC)
1032:Erigavo
856:Marehan
647:Federal
637:Leaders
612:Biimaal
400:Erigavo
392:Berbera
381:ZU-23-2
344:Berbera
207:Somalia
203:militia
99:militia
55:improve
3218:
3208:AMISOM
3191:
2155:AMISOM
2140:
2101:
1982:
1580:
1547:
1499:
1297:Darod
1274:Hawiye
1252:Hawiye
1247:(ICU)
1223:Hawiye
1211:(TFG)
1170:Hawiye
1147:Darood
1143:(JVA)
1139:under
1120:Darood
1106:Dates
1066:Borama
961:Nugaal
705:Dates
641:Somali
631:groups
625:Somali
560:(AIAI)
398:, and
375:, and
320:Duqsi,
169:Darood
150:Nugaal
121:(SSDF)
44:, but
2055:ARPCT
1524:(PDF)
1404:2015
1374:2009
1359:2008
1278:2006
1215:Darod
1109:Flag
1019:(USP)
953:Mudug
927:Bantu
882:Zeila
835:(SNF)
791:(SNA)
778:Isaaq
750:Isaaq
708:Flag
494:Gen,
485:(USC)
460:Awdal
413:(SPM)
396:Burao
377:BM-21
277:Col.
249:(SNM)
193:(SNF)
171:clans
146:Mudug
2421:2007
2416:2002
2411:1993
2326:2024
2321:2023
2316:2022
2311:2021
2306:2020
2301:2019
2296:2018
2291:2017
2286:2016
2281:2015
2276:2014
2271:2013
2266:2012
2261:2011
2256:2010
2251:2009
1804:2007
1799:2002
1794:1993
1709:2009
1704:2008
1699:2007
1694:2006
1596:SAMO
1578:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1386:Non
1229:4.5
1225:and
1034:and
892:Issa
826:SRRC
780:and
776:The
673:and
592:Luuq
522:Rome
167:and
154:Bari
152:and
97:and
1570:doi
1219:Dir
758:Dir
654:TFG
205:in
3265::
1617:,
1613:,
1576:,
1505:.
1260:)
1221:,
1217:,
1052:,
1048:,
1038:,
955:,
951:,
915:)
884:,
652:;
590:,
506:,
502:,
462:,
406:.
394:,
390:,
383:.
133:,
2210:e
2203:t
2196:v
1648:e
1641:t
1634:v
1572::
1553:.
959:-
660:,
594:)
573:,
302:)
160:)
80:)
74:(
69:)
65:(
51:.
20:)
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