251:(SARFT) has allowed local television and other media in Guangdong Province to be broadcast in Cantonese since 1988 in order to countermeasure against Hong Kong influence. Meanwhile, usage of the country's other dialects in media is rigorously restricted by the SARFT, with permission from national or local authorities being required for a dialect to be the primary programming language at radio and television stations. Despite its unique standing relative to other Chinese dialects, Cantonese has also been targeted by the SARFT in attempts to curb its usage on local television in Guangdong. This was most exemplified by
461:) is officially discouraged by the government and nearly all education and media is conducted in the standard variant, with a notable exception being Cantonese in Guangdong media and public transportation. As a result, younger populations are increasingly losing knowledge of their local dialects. While there was limited activity in reintroducing local languages at schools through cultural programs and a slight uplifting of broadcasting restrictions on dialects during the 2000s, the Chinese government has stopped and in most cases, reversed these developments since the mid-2010s.
283:
30:
313:
1303:
349:
181:
207:
441:. This situation arose because Wa lacks an agreed standardisation (the dialects are very different and three different scripts are used for the language) and because of the significant presence of non-Wa minorities. Consequently, Chinese is used in the government, army, and business, and is taught in many schools.
96:
as an official language, as the term "Chinese" is considered a group of related language varieties rather than a homogeneous language, of which many are not mutually intelligible, in the context of the spoken language such designations are usually understood as one standard form of
Chinese variety,
472:
are widely spoken and used in media. Additionally, they are taught at the primary school level and are used in public transportation announcements. A thriving literary scene for both
Taiwanese and Hakka also exists alongside Mandarin. In December 2017, Hakka was recognised as a national minority
603:
Inclusion of
Chinese among the working languages of the General Assembly, its committees and its subcommittees and inclusion of Arabic among the official and the working languages of the General Assembly and its Main Committees: amendments to rules 51 to 59 of the rules of procedure of the
480:(SMC) since the 1980s and forbids non-cable broadcasting and Chinese language medium of instruction in non-Mandarin varieties. However, since the mid-1990s, there has been a relaxation in allowing non-Mandarin broadcasting via cable networks and a massive following of
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1129:
1439:
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1016:
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1283:
1261:
661:(1990) - Article 9: In addition to the Chinese language, English may also be used as an official language by the executive authorities, legislature and judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
690:(1993) - Article 9: In addition to the Chinese language, Portuguese may also be used as an official language by the executive authorities legislature and judiciary of the Macao Special Administrative Region.
473:
language, allowing it to be used for official purposes in townships where speakers form at least half of the population. Taiwanese was also granted national language status after a legislative act in 2018.
1716:
1384:
949:
727:(1982) - Article 4, Section 4: All ethnic groups shall have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and to preserve or reform their own traditions and customs.
1341:
1220:
878:
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English and
Chinese were established as both the official languages of Hong Kong for the purposes of communication between the Government and the general public
1895:
1154:
1112:
1039:
1659:
1334:
1124:
617:
476:
In
Singapore, the public usage of varieties other than Standard Mandarin is discouraged as in China. The Singaporean government has actively promoted the
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1482:
252:
700:
596:
577:
137:
229:
1327:
536:
1868:
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383:
consists of closely related varieties of
Chinese spoken natively across most of northern and southwestern China, a form based on the
120:
Today, Chinese has an official language status in three countries and two territories. In China, it is the sole official language as
133:
17:
781:
1778:
1574:
739:(1963) - Part XIII, Article 153A, Section 1: Malay, Mandarin, Tamil and English shall be the 4 official languages in Singapore.
1721:
407:
326:
194:
132:
it is co-official as
Cantonese, alongside English and Portuguese respectively. Chinese is also an official language in the
1887:
388:
296:
403:
236:
and Macau list the ambiguous "Chinese" as one of their official languages, although in practice, the regionally spoken
109:
is usually understood to be the official standard, though different territories use different standard scripts, namely
1914:
764:
584:
Inclusion of
Chinese among the working languages of the General Assembly and the Security Council (18 December 1973)
1783:
1704:
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497:
481:
366:
330:
300:
106:
1773:
736:
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dialect is used by the government as the official variant of
Chinese rather than Mandarin as on the mainland.
704:
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477:
29:
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1100:
977:
110:
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879:大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法 (An act for the protection of equality of languages for public transport announcements)
593:
574:
1825:
1686:
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703:(in Chinese). State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT). 2005-02-07. Archived from
371:
93:
912:
1666:
1615:
749:
658:
643:"A Paper Discussing Cases Where the Two Language Texts of an Enactment are Alleged to be Different"
247:, where the language originated. Despite Mandarin's status as the official language of China, the
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88:
84:
676:
A língua chinesa tem em Macau estatuto oficial e a mesma força legal que a língua portuguesa.
537:"What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic Terms"
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402:(Republic of China), Taiwanese Mandarin is the de facto language for official use.
1841:
1817:
1807:
1319:
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507:
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1879:
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the official language, even though the government tries to promote the use of
1227:
1189:
999:
765:"Language Planning in Action: Singapore"s Multilingual and Bilingual Policy"
502:
485:
392:
354:
244:
237:
233:
186:
125:
65:
47:
826:"Para-nationalism: Sovereignty and authenticity in the Wa State of Myanmar"
430:
243:
Cantonese is also highly influential in the southern
Chinese province of
128:(as Mandarin) it is one of the four official languages. In Hong Kong and
841:
399:
387:
has been established as the national standard and is official in the
318:
51:
701:"Code of Professional Ethics of Radio and Television Hosts of China"
148:
in 1973, when the General Assembly made Chinese a working language.
450:
288:
212:
129:
69:
43:
18:
List of territorial entities where Chinese is an official language
464:
Although Mandarin is the official variant of Chinese in Taiwan,
33:
Countries/territories in which Chinese is an official language.
1949:
Countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
1595:
1366:
1323:
931:
124:; in Taiwan, it is the de facto official language; while in
550:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Archived from
92:. While those countries or territories that designate any
1717:
Countries by the number of recognized official languages
1385:
Countries by the number of recognized official languages
913:
National languages development act passed by Legislature
255:
that resulted in the eventual rejection of the plans.
1907:
1804:
1763:
1730:
1697:
1606:
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1377:
1208:
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1140:
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249:
State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television
144:. Chinese was added as an official language in the
398:Despite there is no de jure official languages in
76:in Singapore alongside English, Malay, and Tamil.)
426:as its provisional "National Languages" in 2019.
725:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
1869:Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa
1335:
943:
620:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from
8:
1896:International Organization of Turkic Culture
453:, the public usage of varieties other than
1863:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
1603:
1592:
1478:Countries and capitals in native languages
1374:
1363:
1342:
1328:
1320:
982:
950:
936:
928:
262:
160:
105:. In the context of the written language,
83:list of countries and territories where
28:
524:
152:Chinese varieties as official languages
958:Geographical distribution of languages
199:N/A (Not mentioned by the government)
612:
610:
359:5,888,926 (~3,000,000 ethnic Chinese)
7:
824:Steinmüller, Hans (21 March 2021).
1483:Country names in various languages
863:The Slow Death of China’s Dialects
25:
892:"Hakka made an official language"
134:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1302:
1301:
445:Status of other Chinese variants
347:
311:
281:
205:
179:
1779:List of Indo-European languages
1575:Languages of the European Union
107:written modern standard Chinese
60: Co-official language (As
508:List of varieties of Cantonese
484:and pop culture, which are in
230:special administrative regions
1:
1888:Organization of Turkic States
1738:By number of native speakers
788:. 2021-01-16. Archived from
38: Official language (As
1750:By number of total speakers
867:McGill International Review
482:Hong Kong television dramas
253:mass demonstrations in 2010
1965:
1784:List of Mongolic languages
752:. 中国理论法学研究信息网. 2022-09-20.
498:East Asian cultural sphere
389:People's Republic of China
319:Republic of China (Taiwan)
289:People's Republic of China
1602:
1591:
1373:
1362:
1297:
963:
737:Constitution of Singapore
265:
163:
72:alongside Portuguese. As
1794:List of Uralic languages
1789:List of Turkic languages
1710:by country and territory
594:Resolution 3191 (XXVIII)
575:Resolution 3189 (XXVIII)
1850:Three Linguistic Spaces
1834:Commonwealth of Nations
1088:Germanic-speaking world
830:Nations and Nationalism
478:Speak Mandarin Campaign
978:Romance-speaking world
433:, Mandarin Chinese is
381:Mandarin dialect group
138:six official languages
136:, and also one of the
111:traditional characters
78:
68:alongside English, in
1755:Languages in censuses
1378:By official languages
1269:Uralic-speaking world
1182:Celtic-speaking world
1142:Slavic-speaking world
408:Ministry of Education
115:simplified characters
32:
1826:Dutch Language Union
1470:Endonyms and exonyms
674:. 澳門特別行政區印務局. 1992.
618:"The World Factbook"
599:13 July 2015 at the
580:13 July 2015 at the
544:Sino-Platonic Papers
372:Singaporean Mandarin
1845:(Romance languages)
1722:Number of languages
921:, 26 December 2018.
782:"文化部推金曲獎項正名 國語改為華語"
763:Patrick Ng (2011).
659:Hong Kong Basic Law
404:Ministry of Culture
364:Traditional Chinese
327:Traditional Chinese
220:Traditional Chinese
195:Traditional Chinese
81:The following is a
1920:Category:Languages
1915:Lists of languages
1899:(Turkic languages)
1891:(Turkic languages)
1705:Official languages
968:Language geography
842:10.1111/nana.12709
813:. 立法院. 2018-09-13.
750:"陈斌：论语言的国家塑造与宪法意义"
412:Taiwanese Mandarin
362:Simplified Chinese
340:Taiwanese Mandarin
297:Simplified Chinese
275:Standardised form
173:Standardised form
94:variety of Chinese
79:
1936:
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1931:
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1927:
1774:Language families
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1317:
1316:
1082:
1081:
645:. 電子版香港法例. 1998.
513:Tangwang language
466:Taiwanese Hokkien
455:Standard Mandarin
416:Taiwanese Hokkien
377:
376:
305:Standard Chinese
269:Population (2017)
226:
225:
167:Population (2017)
103:Standard Mandarin
89:official language
16:(Redirected from
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811:"推動「雙語國家」政策問題研析"
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367:Written Mandarin
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336:Standard Chinese
331:Written Mandarin
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301:Written Mandarin
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263:
211:
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122:Standard Chinese
59:
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1766:language family
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1400:Dutch/Afrikaans
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1279:Hindustani list
1209:Other languages
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688:Macau Basic Law
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533:Mair, Victor H.
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420:Taiwanese Hakka
385:Beijing dialect
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272:Written variety
261:
232:of China, both
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170:Written variety
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1805:Language-based
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1660:Southeast Asia
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894:. Taipei Times
883:
871:
869:, 21 Feb 2019.
854:
836:(3): 880–894.
816:
802:
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770:. 立命館アジア太平洋大学.
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146:United Nations
142:United Nations
56:
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1811:organizations
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1736:
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1731:By population
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1873:(Portuguese)
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1855:Francophonie
1808:geopolitical
1607:By continent
1394:
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1289:Swahili list
1232:
1045:Francophonie
918:Taiwan Today
916:
908:
896:. Retrieved
886:
881:(in Chinese)
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866:
861:Wong, Wing.
857:
845:. Retrieved
833:
829:
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794:. Retrieved
790:the original
776:
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709:. Retrieved
705:the original
695:
683:
675:
672:"第455/91號法令"
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622:the original
589:
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559:. Retrieved
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1842:Latin Union
1818:Arab League
1274:Esperantujo
1257:Malay world
1240:Persosphere
898:29 December
410:designated
1880:Hispanidad
1698:By country
1682:Micronesia
1655:South Asia
1440:Portuguese
1420:Hindustani
1284:Tamil list
1252:Indosphere
1216:Arab world
1150:Macedonian
1101:Anglophone
995:Portuguese
987:Iberophone
796:2021-06-25
711:2010-07-26
628:2013-07-20
561:2013-07-21
519:References
323:23,508,428
1883:(Spanish)
1837:(English)
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1631:Caribbean
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1000:Lusophone
503:Sinophone
486:Cantonese
459:Putonghua
393:Singapore
355:Singapore
245:Guangdong
238:Cantonese
234:Hong Kong
191:7,191,503
187:Hong Kong
157:Cantonese
126:Singapore
99:Cantonese
66:Hong Kong
62:Cantonese
48:Singapore
1943:Category
1908:See also
1858:(French)
1821:(Arabic)
1621:Americas
1508:Cambodia
1445:Romanian
1308:Category
604:Assembly
597:Archived
578:Archived
535:(1991).
492:See also
435:de facto
431:Wa State
266:Location
259:Mandarin
164:Location
74:Mandarin
40:Mandarin
1829:(Dutch)
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1568:Vietnam
1553:Myanmar
1523:Iceland
1518:Germany
1455:Spanish
1450:Russian
1435:Persian
1425:Italian
1405:English
1395:Chinese
1160:Russian
1096:English
1057:Italian
1024:Catalan
1012:Spanish
847:22 July
217:648,550
140:of the
97:namely
85:Chinese
1743:Europe
1667:Europe
1616:Africa
1548:Kosovo
1415:German
1410:French
1390:Arabic
1155:Polish
1113:German
1040:French
422:, and
400:Taiwan
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316:
286:
210:
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87:is an
58:
52:Taiwan
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1543:Korea
1538:Japan
1528:India
1513:China
1460:Tamil
1430:Malay
1357:lists
1200:Welsh
1190:Irish
1125:Dutch
1033:Other
786:中央通訊社
768:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
540:(PDF)
470:Hakka
451:China
213:Macau
130:Macau
70:Macau
44:China
1645:Asia
1353:and
1262:list
1245:list
1233:list
1221:list
1165:list
1130:list
1118:list
1106:list
1072:list
1062:list
1050:list
1017:list
1005:list
900:2017
849:2023
468:and
406:and
391:and
379:The
113:and
101:and
50:and
1764:By
1503:Q–Z
1498:J–P
1493:D–I
1488:A–C
838:doi
449:In
429:In
228:As
64:in
42:in
1945::
915:,
865:,
834:27
832:.
828:.
784:.
609:^
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439:Wa
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457:(
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20:)
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