472:
164:
171:
614:
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lava dome had grown between 100 and 200 m (330 and 660 ft) wide and 900 m (3,000 ft) long, a growth which continued in
February as the lava dome was also releasing gas and steam plumes from its top. By 22 March 2021, the lava dome was 105 m (344 ft) tall, 243 m (797 ft) wide and 921 m (3,022 ft) long.
57:
491:
inside the summit crater on 27 December. Government officials began outreach efforts to residents in the area throughout
December and January, in order to review evacuation plans in case volcanic activity at the volcano escalated. The effusive eruption continued into January, during which time the
504:
on April 9, 2021, with an ash plume reaching approximately 8,000 m (26,000 ft) and drifting eastward towards the
Atlantic Ocean. By then, approximately 16,000 people had evacuated the area surrounding the volcano. Subsequent explosive eruptions, created by multiple pulses of ash, were
1846:
Joseph, E. P.; Camejo-Harry, M.; Christopher, T.; Contreras-Arratia, R.; Edwards, S.; Graham, O.; Johnson, M.; Juman, A.; Latchman, J. L.; Lynch, L.; Miller, V. L.; Papadopoulos, I.; Pascal, K.; Robertson, R.; Ryan, G. A.; Stinton, A.; Grandin, R.; Hamling, I.; Jo, M-J.; Barclay, J.; Cole, P.;
781:
Joseph, E. P.; Camejo-Harry, M.; Christopher, T.; Contreras-Arratia, R.; Edwards, S.; Graham, O.; Johnson, M.; Juman, A.; Latchman, J. L.; Lynch, L.; Miller, V. L.; Papadopoulos, I.; Pascal, K.; Robertson, R.; Ryan, G. A.; Stinton, A.; Grandin, R.; Hamling, I.; Jo, M-J.; Barclay, J.; Cole, P.;
496:
emissions were being generated from the top of the dome. On 8 April 2021, after a sustained increase of volcanic and seismic activity over the preceding days, a red alert was declared and an evacuation order issued as an explosive phase of the eruption was deemed to be imminent.
309:. It is the highest peak on Saint Vincent, and has had eight recorded eruptions since 1718. The latest eruptive activity began on 27 December 2020 with the slow extrusion of a dome of lava, and culminated in a series of explosive events between 9 and 22 April 2021.
457:, 160 km (100 mi) to the east of the volcano. A newspaper report stated that two infants had died during the evacuation of some 1,500 people, though the report was not confirmed. Financial and material aid was provided by the United Kingdom and USA.
1510:
1484:
1601:
1119:
Our West Indian
Neighbors: The Islands of the Caribbean Sea, " America's Mediterranean": Their Picturesque Features, Fascinating History, and Attractions for the Traveler, Nature-lover, Settler and Pleasure-seeker
2317:
1506:
1480:
1057:"The Eruption of the Soufrière Mountains in the Island of St Vincent, at Midnight, on the 30th of April, 1812, from a Sketch Taken at the Time by Hugh P. Keane, by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851)"
1064:
509:. Explosions continued over the following days, with plumes reaching nearby Barbados and covering the island with ash. Residents were also faced with power outages and cut off water supplies, and the
1669:
840:
453:
An eruption on April 13, 1979 caused no casualties as advance warning allowed thousands of local residents to evacuate to nearby beaches. The 1979 eruption created a large ash plume that reached
321:
and is the island's youngest and northernmost volcano. During periods of inactivity, visitors can view the volcanic crater by following a hiking trail that ascends through rainforest to the rim.
163:
1824:
1793:
2010:
759:
429:
that killed 29,000. On St. Vincent, a further 600 people were injured or burned and some 4,000 were left homeless. The death zone, where almost all persons were killed, was mainly within
317:
At 1,235 m (4,052 ft), La Soufrière is the highest peak on Saint
Vincent as well as the highest point in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Soufrière is a stratovolcano with a
97:
1031:
2337:
2312:
437:
in the
Caribbean. This last large remnant of Carib culture was destroyed as a result of the volcano. By 1907, the volcano was considered inactive, and the crater lake had reformed.
1044:
an oil painting by Turner showing a spectacular erupting volcano in the
Caribbean that is requested for so many exhibitions around the world it has its own custom-made travel case.
1540:
1702:
1593:
2019:
1342:
1942:
1571:
1402:
397:
La Soufrière has had five explosive eruptions during the recorded historical period. It violently erupted in 1718, 1812, 1902, 1979, and 2021. A famous painting by
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2003:
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over the island was closed due to the presence of smoke and thick plumes of volcanic ash. There were further reports of continued explosive activity and
938:
1635:
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1983:
1816:
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1996:
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999:. Edinburgh: Printed for Archibald Constable & Co., Hurst, Robinson & Co., London, and Thomas Ward, Philadelphia. 1822. pp. 680–682.
900:
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1481:"Soufrière St. Vincent volcano (West Indies, St. Vincent): activity remains unchanged; growing lava dome continues in lateral direction"
1532:
103:
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466:
306:
203:
184:
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1332:
506:
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1934:
1265:
Shepherd, J. B.; Aspinall, W. P.; Rowley, K. C.; Pereira, J.; Sigurdsson, H.; Fiske, R. S.; Tomblin, J. F. (1 November 1979).
966:. ST. AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: SEISMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES. 8 April 2021. Archived from
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1394:
350:
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402:
242:
113:
668:
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2246:
1507:"Soufrière St. Vincent volcano (West Indies, St. Vincent): twice length and volume of new lava dome since last update"
1302:
249:
1904:
17:
2191:
1364:
386:
1086:
967:
2292:
870:
374:
370:
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2186:
2027:
1175:
721:
690:
1424:
1205:
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598:. The first significant offer of long-term funding, of US$ 20 million, was announced on 13 April 2021 by the
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726:
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406:
362:
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501:
338:
334:
302:
219:
199:
79:
35:
572:
556:
520:
The eruption, rated as VEI-4 on the
Explosivity Index, was comparable in size to the eruptions of 1979.
382:
342:
1849:"Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020–2021 eruption of la Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent"
1724:
784:"Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020–2021 eruption of la Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent"
2256:
1860:
1594:"Saint-Vincent : éruption impressionnante du volcan de la Soufrière, des milliers d'évacuations"
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318:
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2251:
2155:
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330:
716:
685:
2140:
2105:
1294:
358:
89:
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2201:
2050:
31:
2120:
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821:
561:
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378:
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Assistance and emergency financial support was being provided by several nearby islands, the
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1868:
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811:
803:
633:
619:
544:
514:
2196:
2181:
2110:
2100:
1817:"More and Larger Explosions Rock St. Vincent as La Soufrière Lets Loose Pyroclastic Flows"
1754:
672:
567:
540:
434:
398:
289:
1864:
1282:
799:
2236:
2226:
2221:
2211:
2125:
2080:
2040:
1881:
1848:
1725:"Ash Covers St. Vincent and Nearby Barbados Town After a Weekend of Eruptions (PHOTOS)"
1337:
841:"Science news - Why the volcano erupting in the Caribbean has such a deadly reputation"
816:
783:
595:
591:
493:
422:
366:
2281:
2231:
2065:
2045:
548:
445:
A minor event occurred in 1971, altering the structure of the volcano's crater lake.
430:
237:
224:
417:
The Saint
Vincent eruption of 6 May 1902 killed 1,680 people, just hours before the
2095:
1298:
264:
233:
1988:
571:
to each transport up to 1,500 residents to neighbouring islands. The cruise line
2241:
2166:
2130:
2075:
2055:
543:
encouraged people evacuating to shelters elsewhere on Saint
Vincent to take the
528:
476:
207:
1967:
1872:
807:
665:
627:
2115:
2035:
1978:
609:
599:
426:
135:
122:
2176:
488:
298:
1890:
1266:
825:
1979:
Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program | Soufrière St. Vincent
555:
that his country would be sending humanitarian supplies and risk experts.
2171:
510:
454:
39:
552:
536:
532:
294:
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A 4,991 ha site encompassing the mountain has been designated an
56:
2145:
1564:"St Vincent orders evacuations as volcanic eruption appears imminent"
1533:"Evacuation Order Given As La Soufriere Could Erupt In Hours Or Days"
1290:
69:
1695:"La Soufriere Volcano Erupts On The Caribbean Island Of St Vincent"
929:
Tatiana Arias; Anne Claire Stapleton; Steve Almasy (9 April 2021).
505:
reported in the afternoon and evening of 9 April, according to the
1905:"Overall Orange alert Volcanic eruption for Soufriere St. Vincent"
1628:"St Vincent rocked by explosive eruptions at La Soufrière volcano"
470:
1395:"New Dome Forms At La Soufriere, Experts Cannot Predict Eruption"
483:
Increased seismic activity was detected in December 2020; and an
1755:"St Vincent volcano: Power cuts after another 'explosive event'"
1236:"Island's leader urges calm as St. Vincent volcano boils (1971)"
1992:
1972:
1267:"The eruption of Soufrière volcano, St Vincent April–June 1979"
1176:"St. Vincent volcano erupts; Villages ordered evacuated (1979)"
752:"'Huge' explosion rocks St. Vincent as volcano keeps erupting"
1662:"Explosive eruption rocks volcano on Caribbean's St. Vincent"
997:
The Edinburgh Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, Volume 5
539:
and Barbados all agreed to take in evacuees. Prime Minister
931:"St. Vincent on red alert for 'imminent' volcanic eruption"
1935:"US$ 20m for St. Vincent volcano response from World Bank"
27:
Active stratovolcano on the Caribbean island Saint Vincent
1968:
The University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre
1911:. Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS).
2318:
Important Bird Areas of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1365:"Little Activity Recorded at St. Vincent Volcano (1979)"
1786:"Another explosive volcano eruption rocks St. Vincent"
507:
University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre
18:
List of volcanoes in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
961:"La Soufriѐre Eruption 2020/2021 - Media Fact Sheet"
2154:
2026:
1455:"Scientists warn of possible La Soufriere eruption"
517:. The final explosion took place on 22 April 2021.
263:
258:
248:
231:
218:
213:
195:
151:
112:
88:
78:
68:
63:
49:
1689:
1687:
1621:
1619:
401:of the eruption on 30 April 1812 belongs to the
1087:"St. Vincent volcano is now less active (1902)"
337:because it supports significant populations of
871:"St. Vincent sparkles in the Caribbean (2001)"
750:Deane, Kristin; Coto, Dánica (12 April 2021).
2338:Volcanoes of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2313:Mountains of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2004:
8:
1425:"Alert raised as SVG's volcano oozes magma"
1331:Ernesto Cooke; Oscar Lopez (9 April 2021).
475:Volcanic plume seen on 9 April 2021 by the
2011:
1997:
1989:
1973:National Emergency Management Organisation
745:
743:
717:"Soufrière St. Vincent – Eruptive History"
500:An explosive eruption occurred at 8:41 AM
46:
1880:
815:
1847:Davies, B. V.; Sparks, R. S. J. (2022).
1024:"Fine & Decorative Arts Collections"
782:Davies, B. V.; Sparks, R. S. J. (2022).
642:List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
653:
1483:. VolcanoDiscovery. 12 February 2021.
1333:"Volcano Erupts in Southern Caribbean"
1206:"St. Vincent has Volcano Alert (1971)"
839:Andrews, Robin George (9 April 2021).
2222:Navassa / U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
1655:
1653:
1487:from the original on 18 February 2021
924:
922:
433:habitat, an indigenous people of the
288:
7:
661:
659:
657:
170:
1509:. VolcanoDiscovery. 22 March 2021.
254:December 27, 2020 – April 22, 2021
2136:Saint Vincent & the Grenadines
1945:from the original on 13 April 2021
1915:from the original on 12 April 2021
1827:from the original on 12 April 2021
1796:from the original on 13 April 2021
1765:from the original on 13 April 2021
1735:from the original on 12 April 2021
1672:from the original on 12 April 2021
1638:from the original on 12 April 2021
1604:from the original on 11 April 2021
1574:from the original on 12 April 2021
1543:from the original on 10 April 2021
1513:from the original on 23 March 2021
1461:from the original on 28 March 2021
1435:from the original on 10 April 2021
1405:from the original on 10 April 2021
1375:from the original on 15 April 2021
1345:from the original on 10 April 2021
1305:from the original on 11 April 2021
1246:from the original on 15 April 2021
1216:from the original on 15 April 2021
1186:from the original on 15 April 2021
1156:from the original on 15 April 2021
1126:from the original on 11 April 2021
1097:from the original on 15 April 2021
1067:from the original on 10 April 2021
1034:from the original on 11 April 2021
1003:from the original on 11 April 2021
941:from the original on 11 April 2021
881:from the original on 15 April 2021
762:from the original on 14 April 2021
25:
1975:of St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1705:from the original on 9 April 2021
271:From the windward (Atlantic) side
2358:Stratovolcanoes of North America
1815:Klemetti, Erik (12 April 2021).
1784:Guzman, Joseph (12 April 2021).
1626:Hodgson, Martin (9 April 2021).
1562:Hodgson, Martin (8 April 2021).
1242:. 24 November 1971. p. 13.
1022:Draper, Amanda (19 March 2019).
666:"La Soufrière" on Peakbagger.com
626:
612:
307:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
204:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
185:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
169:
162:
55:
2020:Highest points of North America
1212:. 23 November 1971. p. 1.
1116:Ober, Frederick Albion (1907).
1660:Coto, Dánica (10 April 2021).
907:. BirdLife International. 2024
547:. Venezuelan Foreign Minister
351:Antillean crested hummingbirds
1:
1457:. NationNews. 25 March 2021.
1182:. 14 April 1979. p. 81.
467:2021 eruption of La Soufrière
403:Victoria Gallery & Museum
2353:18th-century volcanic events
2348:19th-century volcanic events
2343:21st-century volcanic events
2288:20th-century volcanic events
1371:. 16 April 1979. p. 5.
1146:"St. Vincent Volcano (1907)"
901:"La Soufrière National Park"
877:. 13 May 2001. p. 199.
387:lesser Antillean bullfinches
243:Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc
84:1,234 m (4,049 ft)
74:1,235 m (4,052 ft)
2247:Saint Pierre & Miquelon
1152:. 4 April 1907. p. 8.
2374:
2323:Mountains of the Caribbean
1873:10.1038/s41467-022-31901-4
1122:. J. Pott. pp. 375–.
1093:. 26 May 1902. p. 1.
808:10.1038/s41467-022-31901-4
464:
375:lesser Antillean euphonias
371:rufous-throated solitaires
290:[sufʁjɛʁsɛ̃vɛ̃sɑ̃]
29:
1984:UND Soufriere St. Vincent
594:and agencies such as the
313:Geography and environment
156:
54:
40:Soufrière Volcanic Center
2328:Holocene stratovolcanoes
2146:United States of America
722:Global Volcanism Program
691:Global Volcanism Program
675:Retrieved 1 October 2011
363:scaly-breasted thrashers
30:Not to be confused with
2126:Saint Kitts & Nevis
1091:The Fort Wayne Sentinel
1028:University of Liverpool
727:Smithsonian Institution
696:Smithsonian Institution
686:"Soufrière St. Vincent"
671:28 October 2020 at the
407:University of Liverpool
339:lesser Antillean swifts
282:Soufrière Saint Vincent
2187:British Virgin Islands
524:Support of inhabitants
480:
383:Saint Vincent tanagers
335:BirdLife International
98:North America isolated
2333:Volcanic crater lakes
2141:Trinidad & Tobago
1853:Nature Communications
788:Nature Communications
573:Royal Caribbean Group
557:Carnival Cruise Lines
474:
355:Saint Vincent amazons
347:green-throated caribs
286:French pronunciation:
1431:. 29 December 2020.
1401:. 29 December 2020.
993:"Souffrier Mountain"
584:Celebrity Reflection
578:Serenade of the Seas
487:began to form a new
2267:U.S. Virgin Islands
2036:Antigua and Barbuda
1865:2022NatCo..13.4129J
1729:The Weather Channel
1283:1979Natur.282...24S
845:National Geographic
800:2022NatCo..13.4129J
359:Grenada flycatchers
331:Important Bird Area
325:Important Bird Area
132: /
36:La Grande Soufrière
2303:Phreatic eruptions
2262:Turks & Caicos
2076:Dominican Republic
905:BirdLife Data Zone
481:
461:2020–2021 activity
379:whistling warblers
104:Country high point
64:Highest point
2275:
2274:
2160:other territories
1941:. 13 April 2021.
1821:Discover Magazine
1761:. 11 April 2021.
1731:. 12 April 2021.
1210:The Tampa Tribune
562:Carnival Paradise
515:pyroclastic flows
485:effusive eruption
275:
274:
136:13.333°N 61.183°W
16:(Redirected from
2365:
2308:Peléan eruptions
2293:Active volcanoes
2237:Saint Barthelemy
2028:Sovereign states
2013:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1955:
1954:
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1931:
1925:
1924:
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1920:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1884:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1812:
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1801:
1781:
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1772:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1701:. 9 April 2021.
1691:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:. 8 April 2021.
1529:
1523:
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1471:
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1315:
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1312:
1310:
1291:10.1038/282024a0
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1240:The Miami Herald
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1202:
1196:
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1180:The Miami Herald
1172:
1166:
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1161:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1113:
1107:
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1083:
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1072:
1053:
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1041:
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983:
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972:
965:
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950:
948:
946:
926:
917:
916:
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912:
897:
891:
890:
888:
886:
875:Arizona Republic
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
851:on 10 April 2021
847:. Archived from
836:
830:
829:
819:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
747:
738:
737:
735:
733:
713:
707:
706:
704:
702:
682:
676:
663:
636:
634:Volcanoes portal
631:
630:
622:
620:Caribbean portal
617:
616:
615:
545:COVID-19 vaccine
449:Eruption of 1979
441:Activity in 1971
413:Eruption of 1902
393:Eruptive history
299:Caribbean island
292:
287:
267:
173:
172:
166:
147:
146:
144:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
59:
47:
21:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2298:VEI-4 volcanoes
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2159:
2150:
2022:
2017:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
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1474:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1277:(5734): 24–28.
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1037:
1035:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
991:
990:
986:
976:
974:
973:on 9 April 2021
970:
963:
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
928:
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910:
908:
899:
898:
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882:
869:
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864:
854:
852:
838:
837:
833:
780:
779:
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763:
749:
748:
741:
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1409:30 December
1369:Daily Press
1309:30 December
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477:Sentinel-3B
423:Mount Pelée
319:crater lake
208:West Indies
139: /
114:Coordinates
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2207:Guadeloupe
2061:Costa Rica
732:20 October
648:References
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427:Martinique
80:Prominence
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2091:Guatemala
1909:gdacs.org
1130:3 October
559:sent the
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333:(IBA) by
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152:Geography
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1949:13 April
1943:Archived
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606:See also
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419:eruption
259:Climbing
227:(active)
196:Location
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2177:Bermuda
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2086:Grenada
2041:Bahamas
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1861:Bibcode
1709:9 April
1699:News784
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1666:AP NEWS
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756:AP NEWS
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297:on the
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214:Geology
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