6316:
63:
45:
7358:
53:
5297:
These volcanoes experienced a 'rejuvenation' phase significantly after their primary eruptions ended, for reasons unknown. Ko'olau originally erupted from 2.5-1.7 MYA, before entering into a dormancy period until roughly 500,000 years ago, and may possibly remain active. Kaua'i similarly erupted
190:
The
Emperor and Hawaiian chains are separated by a large L-shaped bend that causes the orientations of the chains to differ by about 60 degrees. This bend was long attributed to a relatively sudden change in the direction of plate motion, but research conducted in 2003 suggests that it was the
176:, the constituents of which are between 7.2 and 27.7 million years old. Erosion has long since overtaken volcanic activity at these islands, and most of them are atolls, atoll islands, and extinct islands. They contain many of the most northerly atolls in the world, including
148:
consist of the eight youngest and easternmost
Hawaiian islands. This is the youngest part of the chain and includes volcanoes with ages ranging from 400,000 years to 5.1 million years. The island of Hawaiʻi comprises five volcanoes, of which two
5809:
Initiation of the bend near Kimmei seamount about 50 million years ago (MA) was coincident with realignment of
Pacific spreading centers and early magmatism in western Pacific arcs, consistent with formation of the bend by changed Pacific plate
34:
5261:, or shortest distance from Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount at the southern end of the chain to Meiji Seamount at the northern end of the chain, via the chain bend at Daikakuji Seamount, is 5,976 km (3,713 mi). (source:
6492:
Sinton, John M.; Eason, Deborah E.; Tardona, Mary; Pyle, Douglas; Zander, Iris van der; Guillou, Hervé; Clague, David; Mahoney, John J. (2 May 2014). "Ka'ena
Volcano—A precursor volcano of the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i".
7043:
Dalrymple, G.B.; Garcia, M.O.; Jackson, E.D.; Koizumi, I.; Avdeiko, G.; Butt, A.; Clague, D.; Greene, H.G.; Karpoff, A.M.; Kirkpatrick, R.J.; Kono, M.; Hsin Yi, L.; McKenzie, J.; Morgan, J.; Takayama, T. (1980).
609:
548:
110:
As the oceanic crust moves the volcanoes farther away from their source of magma, their eruptions become less frequent and less powerful until they eventually cease to erupt altogether. At that point,
2910:
730:
487:
429:
3661:
3370:
4488:
1925:
4612:
1980:
1295:
1231:
1171:
1106:
791:
314:
5179:
Well-documented seamount, second-oldest. Rock from lava flows show that while
Detroit Seamount was on the hotspot, activity coming from the volcano continued for the next 18 million years.
3015:
1047:
984:
5199:
5144:
5085:
5031:
4969:
4910:
4851:
4792:
4733:
4674:
4550:
4262:
3901:
3840:
3780:
3604:
3545:
3488:
3427:
3315:
3260:
670:
369:
3720:
1616:
3067:
2963:
2858:
2806:
2756:
2706:
2604:
2552:
2502:
2450:
2293:
2188:
2136:
2084:
2032:
1873:
1823:
1773:
1723:
1673:
1564:
406:
Kīlauea, was in near-continuous eruption on its East Rift Zone from
January 3, 1983, to September 4, 2018, making it the longest-lived rift-zone eruption of the last six centuries.
3126:
2345:
1355:
48:
The
Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain. The two straight sections, the Emperor and Hawaiian strands, are separated by a large L-shaped bend at the Northwestern Hawaiian islands.
3178:
1481:
1418:
917:
4434:
4322:
349:
The seamount is a submarine volcano approximately 35 km (22 mi) southeast of Hawaiʻi. It may eventually breach sea level and become the newest
Hawaiian island.
5462:. This is the pre-press version of a paper that was published on 2006-05-16 as "Geochemistry, and Earthquake History of Lōʻihi Seamount, Hawaiʻi's youngest volcano", in
2656:
3960:
2397:
230:
6648:
6618:
6588:
6558:
6424:
5471:
141:
This list documents the most significant volcanoes in the chain, ordered by distance from the hotspot, but there are many others that have yet to be properly studied.
3105:
Consists of a ring-shaped barrier reef and two large islets; named "Midway" because of its strategic location in the center of the
Pacific Ocean, and was the site of
6790:
4374:
4199:
4140:
4081:
4022:
2240:
854:
6283:
5713:
5856:
1913:
7710:
6957:
7158:
6931:
6554:
6827:
6622:
6983:
6879:
6528:
6428:
5285:(95% of data contained within this range). Each of the dates is an average of dates from each of two separate volcanic cones that are part of Māhukona.
2691:
A small island surrounded by a huge coral reef nearly the size of Oahu; named after a captain in the
Russian navy whose ship ran aground there in 1805
257:
5772:
5604:
5505:
252:
7083:
7735:
6336:
247:
7106:
This abstract contains preliminary data for several of the seamount dates; these dates are revised in the subsequent paper (as reported above):
7750:
6117:
6753:
5458:; Eric H. De Carlo; M.D. Kurz; N. Becker (September 20, 2005). "Geology, geochemistry and earthquake history of Lōʻihi Seamount, Hawaiʻi".
1206:
A fragmented remnant of the eastern or windward shield volcano, which also suffered a large collapse sometime before the Molokaʻi collapse
7627:
7433:
73:
2948:
A collection of small, sandy islands, with a lagoon and coral reef; named after two whaling ships which were wrecked on the reef in 1822
5992:
6390:
Xu, G.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Clague, D. A.; Cousens, B.; Frey, F. A.; Moore, J. G. (2007). "Penguin Bank: A Loa-Trend Hawaiian Volcano".
1022:
The northern half of this volcano suffered a large collapse 1.5 million years ago. Only the southern half remains above the sea today.
7622:
194:
All of the volcanoes in this part of the chain have long since subsided below sea level, becoming seamounts and guyots (see also: the
7053:
6364:
6783:
6463:
5986:
5920:
5425:
6678:
6652:
6592:
5575:
7531:
7151:
242:
7612:
6459:
6257:
6160:
6086:
5946:
5912:
5882:
3171:
3119:
3060:
3008:
2956:
2903:
2851:
2799:
2749:
2699:
2649:
2597:
2545:
2495:
2443:
2390:
2338:
2286:
2233:
2181:
2129:
2077:
2025:
1973:
1918:
1866:
1816:
1766:
1716:
1666:
1609:
1557:
199:
195:
162:
122:
66:
Map of the Hawaiian Islands and some of the Emperor seamounts showing progression in selected erupted lava ages along the chain
5390:
The age of the volcano is unknown, but will be somewhere between the ages of the volcanoes on either side of it in the chain.
6730:
30:
5686:
187:
The oldest and most heavily eroded part of the chain are the Emperor seamounts, which are 39 to 85 million years old.
7740:
7730:
7368:
2435:
Originally named "Kauō" meaning egg, referring to its shape, and home to one of only five natural lakes in all of Hawaiʻi
169:
17:
6905:
6261:
38:
7725:
7720:
7642:
7637:
7195:
6295:
6082:
6060:
6056:
5916:
5714:"Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma"
5417:
296:
158:
62:
5746:
7745:
7715:
7657:
7144:
7017:
6823:
5848:
6953:
6704:
5826:
211:
6853:
6186:
Clague, David A.; Calvert, Andrew T. (2008). "Postshield stage transitional volcanism on Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii".
5950:
7617:
7551:
7541:
7536:
7119:
5265:
7561:
7342:
7190:
6927:
3530:
7546:
7021:
5776:
6819:
6562:
6018:
7591:
7222:
6979:
6875:
6614:
5886:
56:
Map of the youngest Hawaiian Islands showing progression in selected erupted lava ages along the island chain
7682:
6532:
6420:
6291:
6234:
5780:
5600:
5502:
7423:
7413:
5455:
5000:
4643:
4581:
4519:
4405:
4293:
3991:
3871:
3811:
3751:
3098:
2941:
2898:
2490:
2428:
2271:
1956:
1647:
1512:
1449:
1386:
1263:
1078:
1015:
948:
885:
822:
701:
3646:
2176:
7378:
7078:
6757:
5258:
2592:
1968:
4007:
2791:
pair of guyots at a depth of 115 m (377 ft) and 1,207 m (3,960 ft) below sea level
1658:; features over 80 cultural sites, including religious places, agricultural terraces, and burial caves
6329:
4718:
3412:
7310:
7305:
7123:
6502:
6399:
6195:
5728:
5654:
5475:
5016:
4659:
4058:
3467:
3463:
1141:
The seamount is a submarine volcano, southwest of Molokaʻi. The submarine volcano used to be part of
1027:
5070:
4184:
724:
between A.D. 1480 and 1600, oldest currently active volcano in the Hawaiian - Emperor seamount chain
7556:
7290:
4117:
4066:
3114:
3003:
770:
191:
movement of the hotspot itself that caused the bend. As of 2006, the issue is still under debate.
5298:
mainly 5 MYA, with a notably short period of secondary eruptions 1,430,000 to 1,410,000 years ago.
7327:
6211:
6113:
5678:
5282:
4836:
2846:
2124:
2072:
2020:
135:
Once a seamount is 600 m (2,000 ft) or more under the surface, it is also classed as a
7571:
7566:
6761:
4895:
4413:
4125:
3999:
1330:
The eroded remains of a shield volcano west of Waiʻanae that has since subsided below sea level
161:(formerly Lōʻihi) continues to grow offshore, and is the only known volcano in the chain in the
7632:
7468:
7383:
7247:
7013:
6149:
5982:
5670:
4239:
3581:
2228:
956:
588:
104:
5976:
7513:
7493:
7463:
7458:
7448:
7398:
7337:
7180:
6510:
6203:
5736:
5662:
5491:
5483:
5129:
4828:
4769:
4710:
4597:
4589:
3945:
3705:
3589:
3106:
2644:
203:
145:
6164:
7478:
7453:
7443:
7205:
7087:
7045:
6455:
6368:
5908:
5509:
5413:
5269:
4651:
4247:
3825:
3765:
1520:
593:
532:
474:
417:
359:
215:
7677:
7046:"Age and chemistry of volcanic rocks dredged from Jingu Seamount, Emperor seamount chain"
4527:
3700:(born Jozef De Veuster), a Roman Catholic Priest in Hawaii during the late 19th century.
7127:
6674:
6644:
6584:
6506:
6403:
6199:
5732:
5658:
5643:"50-Ma Initiation of Hawaiian-Emperor Bend Records Major Change in Pacific Plate Motion"
5571:
5479:
33:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
7672:
7586:
7576:
7508:
7503:
7488:
7473:
7214:
7167:
5184:
4954:
4777:
4535:
4301:
3886:
1162:
782:
661:
600:
539:
96:
5823:"The Emperor and Hawaiian Volcanic Chains: How well do they fit the plume hypothesis?"
7704:
7687:
7647:
7498:
7347:
7218:
6794:
6726:
6215:
5235:
5121:
5008:
4473:
3937:
3697:
1270:
The eroded remains of a shield volcano that comprised the western half of the island
1211:
85:
7607:
5682:
52:
7667:
7408:
7300:
7136:
4946:
4235:
4176:
3055:
1150:
1089:
964:
207:
100:
7285:
6901:
713:
129:. Further subsidence causes the volcano to sink below the sea surface, becoming a
6398:. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #V33A-1174: V33A–1174.
5741:
5487:
7662:
7652:
7332:
7237:
7200:
5642:
1393:
Tiny crescent-shaped barren island; uninhabited except for divers and fishermen
1275:
649:
469:
92:
6253:
7483:
7388:
7210:
6700:
6207:
6090:
6045:
4359:
3879:
3166:
1655:
1473:
1410:
1347:
1287:
1223:
1039:
976:
909:
846:
354:
177:
144:
The chain can be divided into three subsections. The first, the main windward
115:
6849:
5943:"The Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, 1983 to 2003"
5214:
5201:
5159:
5146:
5100:
5087:
5046:
5033:
4984:
4971:
4925:
4912:
4866:
4853:
4807:
4794:
4748:
4735:
4689:
4676:
4627:
4614:
4565:
4552:
4503:
4490:
4449:
4436:
4389:
4376:
4337:
4324:
4277:
4264:
4214:
4201:
4155:
4142:
4096:
4083:
4037:
4024:
3975:
3962:
3916:
3903:
3855:
3842:
3795:
3782:
3735:
3722:
3676:
3663:
3619:
3606:
3560:
3547:
3503:
3490:
3442:
3429:
3385:
3372:
3330:
3317:
3275:
3262:
3193:
3180:
3141:
3128:
3082:
3069:
3030:
3017:
2978:
2965:
2925:
2912:
2873:
2860:
2821:
2808:
2771:
2758:
2721:
2708:
2671:
2658:
2619:
2606:
2567:
2554:
2517:
2504:
2465:
2452:
2412:
2399:
2360:
2347:
2308:
2295:
2255:
2242:
2203:
2190:
2151:
2138:
2099:
2086:
2047:
2034:
1995:
1982:
1940:
1927:
1888:
1875:
1838:
1825:
1788:
1775:
1738:
1725:
1688:
1675:
1631:
1618:
1579:
1566:
1496:
1483:
1433:
1420:
1370:
1357:
1310:
1297:
1246:
1233:
1186:
1173:
1121:
1108:
1062:
1049:
999:
986:
932:
919:
869:
856:
806:
793:
745:
732:
685:
672:
624:
611:
563:
550:
502:
489:
444:
431:
384:
371:
329:
316:
7581:
7403:
7253:
7242:
7232:
7226:
6367:. Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. February 5, 2009. Archived from
5666:
2333:
839:
834:
527:
412:
154:
44:
7267:
6148:
David R. Sherrod; John M. Sinton; Sarah E. Watkins; Kelly M. Brunt (2007).
5674:
3878:
Located at the bend in the L-shaped chain of seamounts. Also the name of a
1340:
1335:
7110:
Sharp, W.D.; Clague, D.A. (2002). "An Older, Slower Hawaii-Emperor Bend".
7094:, Boulder, Geological Society of America, page 199. Accessed July 23, 2010
5942:
5822:
5189:
5134:
4959:
4887:
4723:
4664:
4312:
4252:
4189:
3770:
3710:
3651:
3594:
3535:
3478:
1142:
1094:
654:
302:
130:
81:
5262:
5238:, former ruler of Japan (1867–1912); oldest known seamount in the chain
7295:
1032:
969:
150:
111:
77:
6820:"Voyage to Kure: The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Gardner Pinnacles"
6150:"USGS Open-File Report 2007–1089 (pamphlet to accompany geologic map)"
5849:"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Daily Update (Monday, October 10, 2022)"
7393:
7316:
6514:
5496:
2385:
1403:
1398:
829:
Very eroded shield volcano that makes up the western quarter of Maui
219:
202:
of Hawaiian volcanoes). Many of the volcanoes are named after former
7005:
6014:
1963:
Small deserted island with Hawaiian religious shrines and artifacts
1533:
5878:
7418:
7274:
7260:
7080:
Tectonics, geochronology, and origin of the Hawaiian-Emperor Chain
6017:. United States Geological Survey – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
5712:
Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W.; Galer, S.J.G. (2003).
5075:
5021:
4900:
4841:
4782:
4602:
4540:
4478:
4424:
4408:
48.1±0.8, 50.4±0.1 (south side), and 52.6±0.8 (north side) million
4364:
4130:
4071:
4012:
3950:
3891:
3830:
3417:
3360:
3305:
3250:
1654:
Small rocky island which supported a small population around 1000
1604:
1466:
1461:
902:
897:
136:
126:
61:
51:
43:
5981:(Illustrated ed.). School Specialty Publishing. p. 13.
404:
Kīlauea is considered one of the most active volcanoes on Earth.
7322:
7280:
6904:. Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project.
6852:. Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project.
6729:. Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project.
6703:. Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Education Project.
6053:
5421:
1280:
1216:
1155:
775:
718:
7140:
1523:, one of the wettest areas on Earth in terms of precipitation
5003:
59.6±0.6 (southern), 64.7±1.1 (central), and 60.9±0.3 million
7356:
5773:"Hot Spot That Spawned Hawaii Was on the Move, Study Finds"
2998:
at a depth of 1,640 m (5,380 ft) below sea level
2841:
at a depth of 1,233 m (4,045 ft) below sea level
1519:
Oldest and fourth largest of the main islands, and home to
583:
World's tallest mountain if below-sea elevation is counted
892:
Smallest of the 8 principal Hawaiian islands; uninhabited
644:
Oldest volcano that remains part of the island of Hawaiʻi
18:
List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
6254:"East Maui, or Haleakala—A Potentially Hazardous Volcano"
3223:
2587:
at a depth of 872 m (2,861 ft) below sea level
1908:
at a depth of 413 m (1,355 ft) below sea level
1145:, a prehistoric island made from seven shield volcanoes.
272:
118:
of the seafloor cause the volcano to gradually diminish.
84:
extending about 6,200 km (3,900 mi) across the
2380:
Largest coral reef of the northwestern Hawaiian islands
6531:. Offshore Island Restoration Committee. Archived from
1758:
at a depth of 229 m (751 ft) below sea level
5449:
5447:
5445:
5443:
3161:
at a depth of 67 m (220 ft) below sea level
3050:
at a depth of 64 m (210 ft) below sea level
2893:
at a depth of 54 m (177 ft) below sea level
2741:
at a depth of 67 m (220 ft) below sea level
2067:
at a depth of 51 m (167 ft) below sea level
1858:
at a depth of 44 m (144 ft) below sea level
1599:
at a depth of 40 m (130 ft) below sea level
708:
Submerged, having long since disappeared into the sea
6982:. Public Broadcasting System – KQED. March 22, 2006.
6956:. Public Broadcasting System – KQED. March 22, 2006.
6930:. Public Broadcasting System – KQED. March 22, 2006.
6878:. Public Broadcasting System – KQED. March 22, 2006.
5603:. Public Broadcasting System – KQED. March 22, 2006.
2485:
at a depth of 1 m (3.3 ft) below sea level
2328:
at a depth of 13 m (43 ft) below sea level
2223:
at a depth of 20 m (66 ft) below sea level
2171:
at a depth of 24 m (79 ft) below sea level
2119:
at a depth of 29 m (95 ft) below sea level
1708:
at a depth of 10 m (33 ft) below sea level
121:
As the volcano sinks and erodes, it first becomes an
7050:
Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 55: 685–693
2639:
at a depth of 5 m (16 ft) below sea level
2537:
at a depth of 6 m (20 ft) below sea level
1808:
at a depth of 5 m (16 ft) below sea level
7600:
7522:
7432:
7367:
7179:
5879:"Kilauea - Perhaps the World's Most Active Volcano"
2015:Largest atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian islands
6501:(9–10). Geological Society of America: 1219–1244.
5909:"Volcano Watch: The most active volcano on Earth?"
5408:
5406:
6784:"French Frigate Shoals Reserve Preservation Area"
6248:
6246:
6244:
6231:Geology and Petrology of Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii
6649:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
6619:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
6589:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
6559:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
6425:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
6040:
6038:
6036:
5595:
5593:
5472:School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
4238:, the protagonist of the classic Japanese work,
168:The second part of the chain is composed of the
6791:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
6529:"Offshore Island Restoration Committee – Kaula"
6317:Block Group 9, Census Tract 303.02, Maui County
5636:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5293:
5291:
2278:Two barren rock outcrops surrounded by a reef
91:The chain was produced by the movement of the
7152:
5970:
5968:
5885:- Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. May 7, 2009.
8:
7073:
7071:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6135:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
7090:in Winterer, E. L. et al. (editors) (1989)
6450:
6448:
6446:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5263:NOAA Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculator
522:Lies on the western edge of the Big Island
7159:
7145:
7137:
7077:Clague, D. A. and Dalrymple, G. B. (1989)
6046:"Hualalai: Hawai'i's Third Active Volcano"
5707:
5705:
5703:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
6359:
6357:
5740:
5495:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6415:
6413:
6934:from the original on September 30, 2007
6675:"The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands"
6655:from the original on September 19, 2009
6595:from the original on September 19, 2009
6229:Clague, D.A. & Moore, J.G. (1991).
5572:"The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands"
5402:
5250:
3241:
1548:
290:
7024:from the original on November 22, 2012
6960:from the original on December 24, 2007
6908:from the original on December 17, 2019
6495:Geological Society of America Bulletin
5923:from the original on December 11, 2011
3213:Northernmost coral atoll in the world
955:Sixth-largest island The only town is
6986:from the original on October 12, 2008
6882:from the original on October 10, 2008
6264:from the original on January 15, 2007
6167:from the original on January 18, 2016
6157:Geological Map of the State of Hawaii
6083:"Mauna Kea Hawai'i's Tallest Volcano"
5995:from the original on October 21, 2022
5829:from the original on January 16, 2012
5821:G. R. Foulger & Don L. Anderson.
5607:from the original on January 20, 2022
5428:from the original on February 8, 2012
7:
7092:The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii
6330:"The State of Hawaii Data Book 2004"
5975:School Specialty Publishing (2006).
5281:The error estimate is given for two
4890:, former ruler of Japan (1926–1989)
4772:, former ruler of Japan (1318–1339)
4179:, former ruler of Japan (1107–1123)
4120:, former ruler of Japan (1068–1073)
4061:, former ruler of Japan (1155–1158)
206:. The seamount chain extends to the
6830:from the original on 30 August 2008
6625:from the original on March 30, 2009
6342:from the original on March 25, 2009
6021:from the original on August 9, 2015
6015:"Mauna Loa Earth's Largest Volcano"
4654:, former ruler of Japan (~313–399)
4592:, former ruler of Japan (~201–269)
4530:, former ruler of Japan (~270–310)
4002:, former ruler of Japan (~456–479)
464:Largest subaerial volcano on Earth
7056:from the original on July 16, 2011
6733:from the original on July 20, 2008
6707:from the original on July 20, 2008
6681:from the original on March 9, 2008
6431:from the original on July 15, 2009
6288:Photo Gallery of Kahoʻolawe island
6120:from the original on April 2, 2016
5889:from the original on March 1, 2013
5578:from the original on March 9, 2008
5124:, former ruler of Japan (661–672)
5011:, former ruler of Japan (592–628)
4949:, former ruler of Japan (809–823)
4831:, former ruler of Japan (540–587)
4416:, former ruler of Japan (884–887)
4304:, former ruler of Japan (539–571)
3940:, former ruler of Japan (781–806)
172:, collectively referred to as the
25:
6856:from the original on July 5, 2008
6677:. Hawaii Center for Volcanology.
6466:from the original on May 10, 2009
5953:from the original on May 11, 2009
5641:Sharp, W. D.; Clague, DA (2006).
5574:. Hawaii Center for Vulcanology.
5414:"Evolution of Hawaiian Volcanoes"
3470:. Also named Zapadnaya Seamount.
704:298,000±25,000 and 310,000±31,000
184:northernmost atoll in the world.
7532:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
6585:"Main Hawaiian Islands: Ni'ihau"
6063:from the original on 27 May 2010
7711:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
7628:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
7623:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
7613:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
6460:United States Geological Survey
6258:United States Geological Survey
6161:United States Geological Survey
6114:"Highest Mountain in the World"
6087:United States Geological Survey
5947:United States Geological Survey
5913:United States Geological Survey
5883:United States Geological Survey
5859:from the original on 2022-10-10
5689:from the original on 2020-01-11
4713:, a god in Japanese mythology.
74:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
7736:Volcanoes of the Pacific Ocean
6727:"Necker Island (Mokumanamana)"
5771:John Roach (August 14, 2003).
5464:Chemie der Erde – Geochemistry
5460:Chemie der Erde - Geochemistry
4017:3,203 m (10,509 ft)
1:
6752:Darby Dyar (April 22, 2008).
6555:"Hawaii's Coastline – Niihau"
5194:2,720 m (8,920 ft)
5139:1,498 m (4,915 ft)
5080:1,599 m (5,246 ft)
5026:1,680 m (5,510 ft)
4728:1,560 m (5,120 ft)
4669:1,549 m (5,082 ft)
4296:39.9±1.2 and 47.9±0.2 million
4194:2,550 m (8,370 ft)
4076:2,620 m (8,600 ft)
3874:42.4±2.3 and 46.7±0.1 million
3835:1,050 m (3,440 ft)
3775:1,680 m (5,510 ft)
3584:, a prominent oceanographer.
1530:Northwestern Hawaiian islands
170:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
7751:Lists of landforms of Hawaii
7638:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
6615:"Hawaii's Coastline – Kauai"
6456:"O'ahu, Ni'ihau, and Kaua'i"
6057:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
5917:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
5488:10.1016/j.chemer.2005.09.002
5470:(2). University of Hawaii –
5418:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
765:Forms more than 75% of Maui
7018:National Science Foundation
6754:"Hotspots and Plate Motion"
6421:"Hawaii's Coastline – Oahu"
6319:United States Census Bureau
4964:995 m (3,264 ft)
4846:387 m (1,270 ft)
4787:543 m (1,781 ft)
4607:589 m (1,932 ft)
4545:588 m (1,929 ft)
4135:963 m (3,159 ft)
3955:492 m (1,614 ft)
3896:319 m (1,047 ft)
3656:474 m (1,555 ft)
3483:506 m (1,660 ft)
1456:Smallest inhabited island;
888:> 1.03±0.18 million
258:GPX (secondary coordinates)
7767:
7552:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
7542:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
7537:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
7120:American Geophysical Union
7112:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
6392:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
5801:
5742:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113
163:submarine pre-shield stage
28:
7354:
7343:North Arch volcanic field
7191:South Arch volcanic field
6647:. University of Hawaii –
6617:. University of Hawaii –
6587:. University of Hawaii –
6557:. University of Hawaii –
6423:. University of Hawaii –
6208:10.1007/s00445-008-0240-z
4483:197 m (646 ft)
4369:247 m (810 ft)
4257:222 m (728 ft)
3715:232 m (761 ft)
3599:298 m (978 ft)
3540:209 m (686 ft)
3422:159 m (522 ft)
3365:254 m (833 ft)
3310:182 m (597 ft)
3255:124 m (407 ft)
951:date of 1.28±0.04 million
297:Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount
253:GPX (primary coordinates)
228:Map all coordinates using
159:Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount
7547:2018 lower Puna eruption
6954:"Pearl and Hermes Atoll"
6850:"Maro Reef (Ko'anako'a)"
5777:National Geographic News
4905:68 m (223 ft)
4888:Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa)
4429:84 m (276 ft)
4317:82 m (269 ft)
1081:date of 1.9±0.06 million
640:~ 120,000–1 million
236:Download coordinates as:
210:, and terminates at the
7683:Puna Geothermal Venture
7618:Haleakalā National Park
6292:Oregon State University
6235:Bulletin of Volcanology
6188:Bulletin of Volcanology
5667:10.1126/science.1128489
5456:Jackie Caplan-Auerbanch
3475:East Townsend Cromwell
7424:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
7361:
6462:. September 29, 1995.
5424:). September 8, 1995.
4450:36.79583°N 171.36389°E
4338:34.95000°N 171.59444°E
3677:30.37500°N 177.56667°E
3466:, a researcher at the
3386:28.83056°N 179.13056°W
3142:27.96528°N 177.96389°W
3031:28.52917°N 176.66667°W
2899:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
2672:26.06361°N 173.96583°W
1941:23.57639°N 164.70000°W
959:, a small settlement.
746:20.70972°N 156.25333°W
625:20.08611°N 155.71722°W
564:19.82056°N 155.46806°W
503:19.69222°N 155.86722°W
445:19.47944°N 155.60278°W
364:2021–ongoing (active)
212:Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
69:
59:
49:
7379:French Frigate Shoals
7360:
7118:. San Francisco, CA:
6758:Mount Holyoke College
6365:"Hawaiian Landslides"
5259:great-circle distance
3696:possibly named after
1969:French Frigate Shoals
423:2022-ongoing (active)
248:GPX (all coordinates)
101:upwelling of hot rock
65:
55:
47:
7741:Cretaceous volcanoes
7731:Volcanoes of Oceania
7311:East Molokai Volcano
7306:West Molokai Volcano
6335:. Hawaii.gov. 2004.
6284:"Kahoʻolawe, Hawaii"
5949:. December 2, 2002.
5853:US Geological Survey
5825:. MantlePlumes.org.
5721:Journal of Petrology
4941:56.2 to 59.6 million
4882:56.2 to 59.6 million
4823:56.2 to 59.6 million
4764:56.2 to 59.6 million
4705:56.2 to 59.6 million
4628:41.0800°N 170.5700°E
4504:37.9700°N 170.3800°E
4465:48.1 to 55.2 million
4059:Emperor Go-Shirakawa
3976:32.6700°N 172.2700°E
3932:42.4 to 43.4 million
3692:27.7 to 38.7 million
3635:27.7 to 38.7 million
3576:27.7 to 38.7 million
3519:27.7 to 38.7 million
3468:University of Hawaii
3458:27.7 to 38.7 million
3401:27.7 to 38.7 million
3391:28.83056; -179.13056
3346:27.7 to 38.7 million
3291:27.7 to 38.7 million
3209:27.7 to 38.7 million
3157:27.7 to 38.7 million
3147:27.96528; -177.96389
3109:during World War II
3046:20.6 to 27.7 million
3036:28.52917; -176.66667
2994:20.6 to 27.7 million
2889:19.9 to 20.6 million
2837:19.9 to 20.6 million
2787:19.9 to 20.6 million
2737:19.9 to 20.6 million
2687:19.9 to 20.6 million
2677:26.06361; -173.96583
2635:19.9 to 20.6 million
2583:19.9 to 20.6 million
2533:19.9 to 20.6 million
2491:Northampton Seamount
2481:19.9 to 20.6 million
2413:25.7675°N 171.7334°W
2376:12.3 to 19.9 million
2324:12.3 to 19.9 million
1996:23.8689°N 166.2860°W
1946:23.57639; -164.70000
751:20.70972; -156.25333
630:20.08611; -155.71722
569:19.82056; -155.46806
508:19.69222; -155.86722
450:19.47944; -155.60278
269:Hawaiian archipelago
157:) are still active.
68:(Ma = million years)
58:(Ma = million years)
35:adding missing items
7726:Volcanoes of Hawaii
7721:Submarine volcanoes
7658:Mauna Loa eruptions
7557:Keanakakoi eruption
7128:2002AGUFM.T61C..04S
6507:2014GSAB..126.1219S
6404:2007AGUFM.V33A1174X
6298:on January 25, 2009
6237:. pp. 159–172.
6200:2009BVol...71..533C
6093:on October 21, 2006
5733:2003JPet...44..113R
5659:2006Sci...313.1281S
5480:2006ChEG...66...81G
5454:Michael O. Garcia;
5283:standard deviations
5211: /
5156: /
5097: /
5043: /
4981: /
4922: /
4863: /
4804: /
4745: /
4686: /
4624: /
4562: /
4500: /
4455:36.79583; 171.36389
4446: /
4386: /
4343:34.95000; 171.59444
4334: /
4274: /
4211: /
4152: /
4093: /
4034: /
3972: /
3913: /
3852: /
3792: /
3732: /
3682:30.37500; 177.56667
3673: /
3616: /
3557: /
3500: /
3439: /
3382: /
3327: /
3272: /
3190: /
3138: /
3079: /
3027: /
2975: /
2922: /
2870: /
2818: /
2768: /
2718: /
2668: /
2616: /
2564: /
2514: /
2462: /
2409: /
2357: /
2305: /
2252: /
2200: /
2177:Saint Rogatien Bank
2148: /
2096: /
2073:Central Brooks Bank
2044: /
1992: /
1937: /
1904:7.2 to 10.3 million
1885: /
1854:7.2 to 10.3 million
1835: /
1804:7.2 to 10.3 million
1785: /
1754:7.2 to 10.3 million
1735: /
1704:7.2 to 10.3 million
1685: /
1628: /
1576: /
1493: /
1430: /
1367: /
1307: /
1243: /
1183: /
1118: /
1059: /
996: /
929: /
866: /
803: /
742: /
682: /
621: /
560: /
499: /
441: /
381: /
326: /
114:of the volcano and
7746:Cenozoic volcanoes
7716:Lists of volcanoes
7362:
7168:Hawaiian volcanism
7086:2011-06-11 at the
7010:Seamounts database
7006:"Seamount Catalog"
6902:"Lisianski Island"
6535:on January 6, 2009
6163:. pp. 41–43.
5919:. March 12, 2002.
5508:2013-11-05 at the
5268:2020-05-29 at the
5215:53.200°N 164.500°E
5160:51.483°N 167.600°E
5101:48.833°N 168.500°E
5047:48.167°N 168.333°E
4985:44.583°N 170.333°E
4926:43.400°N 169.983°E
4867:42.983°N 170.350°E
4808:42.300°N 170.400°E
4749:41.850°N 170.550°E
4690:41.733°N 170.200°E
4566:38.833°N 171.250°E
4390:35.250°N 171.583°E
4353:same as Koko Guyot
4278:33.683°N 171.633°E
4215:33.333°N 172.233°E
4156:33.233°N 171.650°E
4097:32.900°N 171.567°E
4038:32.650°N 171.567°E
3917:32.167°N 173.000°E
3856:32.083°N 172.300°E
3796:31.800°N 174.300°E
3736:31.250°N 176.000°E
3620:30.250°N 178.833°E
3561:29.783°N 179.050°E
3504:29.683°N 179.333°E
3443:28.900°N 179.567°W
3331:28.850°N 178.867°W
3276:28.900°N 178.617°W
3194:28.417°N 178.333°W
3083:28.200°N 177.350°W
2979:28.083°N 176.900°W
2926:27.800°N 175.850°W
2874:26.933°N 176.417°W
2822:27.150°N 176.167°W
2772:26.933°N 175.600°W
2746:Unnamed seamounts
2722:26.300°N 174.533°W
2620:25.983°N 173.400°W
2593:Pioneer Tablemount
2568:25.650°N 172.933°W
2518:25.500°N 172.400°W
2466:25.367°N 172.050°W
2418:25.7675; -171.7334
2361:25.417°N 170.583°W
2309:25.550°N 169.450°W
2256:25.017°N 167.983°W
2219:12 to 12.3 million
2204:24.317°N 167.133°W
2167:12 to 12.3 million
2152:24.200°N 166.950°W
2115:12 to 12.3 million
2100:24.117°N 166.817°W
2063:12 to 12.3 million
2048:23.983°N 166.700°W
2001:23.8689; -166.2860
1889:23.300°N 163.267°W
1839:23.200°N 163.167°W
1789:23.233°N 162.950°W
1739:23.233°N 162.617°W
1689:22.983°N 162.233°W
1632:23.050°N 161.917°W
1595:5.1 to 7.2 million
1580:22.700°N 161.033°W
1497:22.083°N 159.500°W
1434:21.900°N 160.167°W
1371:21.650°N 160.533°W
1311:21.700°N 158.367°W
1262:~1.7–3.9 million;
1247:21.500°N 158.150°W
1187:21.317°N 157.767°W
1165:(possibly dormant)
1122:20.917°N 157.667°W
1063:21.150°N 157.233°W
1000:21.117°N 156.850°W
933:20.833°N 156.933°W
870:20.550°N 156.600°W
807:20.900°N 156.617°W
781:less than 320,000
686:20.017°N 156.017°W
385:19.417°N 155.283°W
299:(formerly Lōʻihi)
70:
60:
50:
7696:
7695:
7643:Kīlauea eruptions
7633:Hawaiian eruption
7562:ʻAilāʻau eruption
7523:Notable eruptions
7384:Gardner Pinnacles
6928:"Lisanski Island"
6826:. 22 March 2006.
6651:. June 17, 2008.
6260:. February 2003.
5653:(5791): 1281–84.
5503:Pre-press version
5242:
5241:
5175:~ 81 million
4633:41.0800; 170.5700
4509:37.9700; 170.3800
4309:Unnamed Seamount
4240:The Tale of Genji
3981:32.6700; 172.2700
3582:Townsend Cromwell
3531:Townsend Cromwell
3302:Academician Berg
3220:Emperor seamounts
3217:
3216:
2953:Unnamed seamount
2796:Unnamed seamount
2696:Unnamed seamount
2542:Unnamed seamount
2440:Unnamed seamount
2229:Gardner Pinnacles
1863:Unnamed seamount
1813:Unnamed seamount
1763:Unnamed seamount
1713:Unnamed seamount
1663:Unnamed seamount
1554:Unnamed seamount
1527:
1526:
1452:4.89±0.11 million
1018:1.76±0.04 million
825:1.32±0.04 million
518:> 300,000
460:700,000–1 million
218:at the border of
204:emperors of Japan
16:(Redirected from
7758:
7399:Lisianski Island
7359:
7196:Kamaʻehuakanaloa
7161:
7154:
7147:
7138:
7131:
7095:
7075:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7040:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6976:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6915:
6913:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6799:
6793:. Archived from
6788:
6780:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6760:. Archived from
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6723:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6611:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6565:on March 5, 2012
6561:. Archived from
6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6515:10.1130/B30936.1
6489:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6452:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6417:
6408:
6407:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6341:
6334:
6326:
6320:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6294:. Archived from
6280:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6250:
6239:
6238:
6233:. Vol. 53.
6226:
6220:
6219:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6172:
6154:
6145:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6089:. Archived from
6079:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6059:. 18 June 2001.
6042:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5972:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5818:
5812:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5783:on March 5, 2014
5779:. Archived from
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5752:on July 19, 2011
5751:
5745:. Archived from
5744:
5718:
5709:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5638:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5597:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5567:
5512:
5501:
5499:
5451:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5410:
5391:
5388:
5299:
5295:
5286:
5279:
5273:
5255:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5004:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4883:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4770:Emperor Go-Daigo
4765:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4711:Ninigi-no-Mikoto
4706:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4647:
4646:56.2±0.6 million
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4585:
4584:55.4±0.9 million
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4523:
4522:55.2±0.7 million
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4409:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4118:Emperor Go-Sanjō
4113:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
3995:
3994:43.4±1.6 million
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3933:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3815:
3814:41.5±0.3 million
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3755:
3754:38.7±0.2 million
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:28.900; -179.567
3444:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:28.850; -178.867
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3281:28.900; -178.617
3277:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3224:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:28.417; -178.333
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3102:
3101:27.7±0.6 million
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:28.200; -177.350
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:28.083; -176.900
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2945:
2944:20.6±2.7 million
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:27.800; -175.850
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:26.933; -176.417
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:27.150; -176.167
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2788:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2777:26.933; -175.600
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2727:26.300; -174.533
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2645:Lisianski Island
2636:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:25.983; -173.400
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:25.650; -172.933
2569:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:25.500; -172.400
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2471:25.367; -172.050
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2432:
2431:19.9±0.3 million
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:25.417; -170.583
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:25.550; -169.450
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2275:
2274:12.3±1.0 million
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2261:25.017; -167.983
2257:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2209:24.317; -167.133
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2157:24.200; -166.950
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2125:West Brooks Bank
2116:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:24.117; -166.817
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:23.983; -166.700
2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2021:East Brooks Bank
2012:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1960:
1959:10.3±0.4 million
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1894:23.300; -163.267
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:23.200; -163.167
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1794:23.233; -162.950
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:23.233; -162.617
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:22.983; -162.233
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1637:23.050; -161.917
1633:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:22.700; -161.033
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1534:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:22.083; -159.500
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1476:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:21.900; -160.167
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1413:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:21.650; -160.533
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1350:
1327:
1326:~3.5–4.9 million
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:21.700; -158.367
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1290:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:21.500; -158.150
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1226:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:21.317; -157.767
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1166:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:20.917; -157.667
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:21.150; -157.233
1064:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1042:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:21.117; -156.850
1001:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:
979:
952:
944:
943:
941:
940:
939:
938:20.833; -156.933
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
912:
889:
881:
880:
878:
877:
876:
875:20.550; -156.600
871:
867:
864:
863:
862:
859:
849:
826:
818:
817:
815:
814:
813:
812:20.900; -156.617
808:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
786:
762:
761:~ 2 million
757:
756:
754:
753:
752:
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
725:
705:
697:
696:
694:
693:
692:
691:20.017; -156.017
687:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
665:
641:
636:
635:
633:
632:
631:
626:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
604:
580:
575:
574:
572:
571:
570:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
543:
519:
514:
513:
511:
510:
509:
504:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
482:
461:
456:
455:
453:
452:
451:
446:
442:
439:
438:
437:
434:
424:
401:
396:
395:
393:
392:
391:
390:19.417; -155.283
386:
382:
379:
378:
377:
374:
346:
341:
340:
338:
337:
336:
331:
330:18.92°N 155.27°W
327:
324:
323:
322:
319:
309:
273:
146:Hawaiian islands
140:
39:reliable sources
21:
7766:
7765:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7701:
7700:
7697:
7692:
7663:Pāhoehoe (lava)
7596:
7572:Kīlauea Caldera
7524:
7518:
7435:
7428:
7370:
7363:
7357:
7352:
7182:
7175:
7165:
7109:
7103:
7098:
7088:Wayback Machine
7076:
7069:
7059:
7057:
7042:
7041:
7037:
7027:
7025:
7004:
7003:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6963:
6961:
6952:
6951:
6947:
6937:
6935:
6926:
6925:
6921:
6911:
6909:
6900:
6899:
6895:
6885:
6883:
6876:"Laysan Island"
6874:
6873:
6869:
6859:
6857:
6848:
6847:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6777:
6767:
6765:
6764:on June 7, 2011
6751:
6750:
6746:
6736:
6734:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6710:
6708:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6684:
6682:
6673:
6672:
6668:
6658:
6656:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6628:
6626:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6598:
6596:
6583:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6566:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6538:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6491:
6490:
6479:
6469:
6467:
6454:
6453:
6444:
6434:
6432:
6419:
6418:
6411:
6389:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6371:on May 27, 2009
6363:
6362:
6355:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6315:
6311:
6301:
6299:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6267:
6265:
6252:
6251:
6242:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6170:
6168:
6152:
6147:
6146:
6133:
6123:
6121:
6116:. Geology.com.
6112:Staff authors.
6111:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6094:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6066:
6064:
6050:Other Volcanoes
6044:
6043:
6034:
6024:
6022:
6013:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5989:
5974:
5973:
5966:
5956:
5954:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5926:
5924:
5907:
5906:
5902:
5892:
5890:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5832:
5830:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5800:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5701:
5692:
5690:
5640:
5639:
5620:
5610:
5608:
5599:
5598:
5591:
5581:
5579:
5569:
5568:
5515:
5510:Wayback Machine
5466:(66) 2:81–108.
5453:
5452:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5302:
5296:
5289:
5280:
5276:
5270:Wayback Machine
5256:
5252:
5247:
5229:
5220:53.200; 164.500
5219:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5174:
5165:51.483; 167.600
5164:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5115:
5106:48.833; 168.500
5105:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5061:
5052:48.167; 168.333
5051:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5029:
4999:
4990:44.583; 170.333
4989:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4940:
4931:43.400; 169.983
4930:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4881:
4872:42.983; 170.350
4871:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4822:
4813:42.300; 170.400
4812:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4763:
4754:41.850; 170.550
4753:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4704:
4695:41.733; 170.200
4694:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4652:Emperor Nintoku
4642:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4580:
4571:38.833; 171.250
4570:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4404:
4395:35.250; 171.583
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4292:
4283:33.683; 171.633
4282:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4229:
4220:33.333; 172.233
4219:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4170:
4161:33.233; 171.650
4160:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4111:
4102:32.900; 171.567
4101:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4052:
4043:32.650; 171.567
4042:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4000:Emperor Yūryaku
3990:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3931:
3922:32.167; 173.000
3921:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3880:Japanese temple
3870:
3861:32.083; 172.300
3860:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3820:
3810:
3801:31.800; 174.300
3800:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3760:
3750:
3741:31.250; 176.000
3740:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3641:
3634:
3625:30.250; 178.833
3624:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3575:
3566:29.783; 179.050
3565:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3525:
3518:
3509:29.683; 179.333
3508:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3464:Charles Helsley
3457:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3407:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3352:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3297:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3222:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3013:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1650:7.2±0.3 million
1646:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1532:
1521:Mount Waialeale
1515:5.1±0.2 million
1511:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1389:4.0±0.2 million
1385:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1266:3.7±0.1 million
1261:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
995:
990:
987:
985:
983:
982:
974:
947:
937:
935:
931:
928:
923:
920:
918:
916:
915:
907:
884:
874:
872:
868:
865:
860:
857:
855:
853:
852:
844:
821:
811:
809:
805:
802:
797:
794:
792:
790:
789:
780:
760:
750:
748:
744:
741:
736:
733:
731:
729:
728:
723:
700:
690:
688:
684:
681:
676:
673:
671:
669:
668:
659:
639:
629:
627:
623:
620:
615:
612:
610:
608:
607:
598:
578:
568:
566:
562:
559:
554:
551:
549:
547:
546:
537:
517:
507:
505:
501:
498:
493:
490:
488:
486:
485:
480:
459:
449:
447:
443:
440:
435:
432:
430:
428:
427:
422:
400:300,000–600,000
399:
389:
387:
383:
380:
375:
372:
370:
368:
367:
344:
334:
332:
328:
325:
320:
317:
315:
313:
312:
307:
271:
266:
265:
264:
263:
262:
216:subduction zone
134:
97:Hawaiʻi hotspot
76:is a series of
67:
57:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7764:
7762:
7754:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7703:
7702:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7589:
7587:Powers Caldera
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7528:
7526:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7440:
7438:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7375:
7373:
7365:
7364:
7355:
7353:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7187:
7185:
7177:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7156:
7149:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7132:
7102:
7101:External links
7099:
7097:
7096:
7067:
7035:
6997:
6980:"Midway Atoll"
6971:
6945:
6919:
6893:
6867:
6841:
6811:
6800:on May 6, 2009
6775:
6744:
6718:
6701:"Nihoa Island"
6692:
6666:
6636:
6606:
6576:
6546:
6520:
6477:
6442:
6409:
6382:
6353:
6321:
6309:
6275:
6240:
6221:
6194:(5): 553–559.
6178:
6131:
6104:
6074:
6032:
6006:
5987:
5964:
5934:
5900:
5870:
5840:
5813:
5794:
5763:
5727:(1): 113–140.
5699:
5618:
5589:
5513:
5439:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5300:
5287:
5274:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5227:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5140:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5118:
5113:
5081:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5059:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5005:
4997:
4965:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4943:
4938:
4906:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4879:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4825:
4820:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4761:
4729:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4670:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4640:
4608:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4516:
4484:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4430:
4427:
4422:
4421:Unnamed Guyot
4418:
4417:
4410:
4402:
4370:
4367:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4318:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4302:Emperor Kimmei
4298:
4290:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4232:
4227:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4168:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4109:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4050:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3876:
3868:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3808:
3776:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3689:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3455:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3357:West Windward
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3311:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3247:East Windward
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2938:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2834:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2684:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2425:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2268:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2008:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1953:
1921:
1919:Extinct Island
1916:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1612:
1610:Extinct Island
1607:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1446:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1383:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1212:Waiʻanae Range
1208:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1012:
980:
972:
967:
961:
960:
953:
945:
913:
905:
900:
894:
893:
890:
882:
850:
842:
837:
831:
830:
827:
819:
787:
778:
773:
767:
766:
763:
758:
726:
721:
716:
710:
709:
706:
698:
666:
657:
652:
646:
645:
642:
637:
605:
596:
591:
585:
584:
581:
576:
544:
535:
530:
524:
523:
520:
515:
483:
477:
472:
466:
465:
462:
457:
425:
420:
415:
409:
408:
402:
397:
365:
362:
357:
351:
350:
347:
342:
335:18.92; -155.27
310:
305:
300:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
282:Last eruption
280:
277:
270:
267:
261:
260:
255:
250:
245:
239:
233:
226:
225:
224:
105:Earth's mantle
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7763:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7699:
7689:
7688:Volcano House
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7648:Lava fountain
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7431:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7414:Necker Island
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7372:
7366:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7318:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7219:Pauahi Crater
7216:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7178:
7173:
7169:
7162:
7157:
7155:
7150:
7148:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7074:
7072:
7068:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7039:
7036:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7001:
6998:
6985:
6981:
6975:
6972:
6959:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6920:
6907:
6903:
6897:
6894:
6881:
6877:
6871:
6868:
6855:
6851:
6845:
6842:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6815:
6812:
6796:
6792:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6748:
6745:
6732:
6728:
6722:
6719:
6706:
6702:
6696:
6693:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6667:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6640:
6637:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6607:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6580:
6577:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6550:
6547:
6534:
6530:
6524:
6521:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6386:
6383:
6370:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6338:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6318:
6313:
6310:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6232:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6182:
6179:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6119:
6115:
6108:
6105:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
5994:
5990:
5988:0-7696-4260-8
5984:
5980:
5979:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5904:
5901:
5888:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5871:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5828:
5824:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5806:
5803:
5798:
5795:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5767:
5764:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5577:
5573:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5498:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5236:Emperor Meiji
5233:
5228:
5224:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5122:Emperor Tenji
5119:
5116:60–81 million
5114:
5110:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5062:60–81 million
5060:
5056:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5009:Empress Suiko
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4935:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4829:Emperor Yōmei
4826:
4821:
4817:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4590:Empress Jingū
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4347:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3938:Emperor Kammu
3935:
3930:
3926:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:Father Damien
3695:
3690:
3686:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3522:
3517:
3513:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3235:
3233:Summit Depth
3232:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Nero Seamount
3113:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Ladd Seamount
3002:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:Necker Island
1912:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Koʻolau Range
1149:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:~ 2.2 million
1135:
1131:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:West Molokaʻi
1026:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
981:
978:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
914:
911:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
851:
848:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
788:
784:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
764:
759:
755:
727:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
667:
663:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
643:
638:
634:
606:
602:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
582:
577:
573:
545:
541:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
521:
516:
512:
484:
481:1801 (active)
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
463:
458:
454:
426:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
407:
403:
398:
394:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
343:
339:
311:
308:1996 (active)
306:
304:
301:
298:
295:
294:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
274:
268:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
232:
231:OpenStreetMap
229:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
188:
185:
183:
179:
175:
174:Leeward isles
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
142:
138:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
89:
87:
86:Pacific Ocean
83:
79:
75:
64:
54:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
7698:
7678:Pele's tears
7668:Pele (deity)
7567:Halemaʻumaʻu
7409:Midway Atoll
7315:
7301:Penguin Bank
7273:
7266:
7259:
7252:
7171:
7115:
7111:
7091:
7079:
7058:. Retrieved
7049:
7038:
7026:. Retrieved
7009:
7000:
6988:. Retrieved
6974:
6962:. Retrieved
6948:
6936:. Retrieved
6922:
6910:. Retrieved
6896:
6884:. Retrieved
6870:
6858:. Retrieved
6844:
6832:. Retrieved
6814:
6802:. Retrieved
6795:the original
6778:
6766:. Retrieved
6762:the original
6747:
6735:. Retrieved
6721:
6709:. Retrieved
6695:
6683:. Retrieved
6669:
6657:. Retrieved
6639:
6627:. Retrieved
6609:
6597:. Retrieved
6579:
6567:. Retrieved
6563:the original
6549:
6537:. Retrieved
6533:the original
6523:
6498:
6494:
6468:. Retrieved
6433:. Retrieved
6395:
6391:
6385:
6373:. Retrieved
6369:the original
6344:. Retrieved
6324:
6312:
6300:. Retrieved
6296:the original
6287:
6278:
6266:. Retrieved
6230:
6224:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6169:. Retrieved
6156:
6122:. Retrieved
6107:
6095:. Retrieved
6091:the original
6077:
6065:. Retrieved
6049:
6023:. Retrieved
6009:
5999:December 13,
5997:. Retrieved
5977:
5955:. Retrieved
5937:
5927:December 11,
5925:. Retrieved
5903:
5891:. Retrieved
5873:
5861:. Retrieved
5852:
5843:
5831:. Retrieved
5816:
5808:
5804:
5797:
5785:. Retrieved
5781:the original
5766:
5754:. Retrieved
5747:the original
5724:
5720:
5691:. Retrieved
5650:
5646:
5609:. Retrieved
5601:"Kure Atoll"
5580:. Retrieved
5570:Rubin, Ken.
5467:
5463:
5459:
5430:. Retrieved
5277:
5253:
5234:Named after
5120:Named after
5007:Named after
4947:Emperor Saga
4945:Named after
4886:Named after
4827:Named after
4768:Named after
4709:Named after
4650:Named after
4588:Named after
4528:Emperor Ōjin
4526:Named after
4414:Emperor Kōkō
4412:Named after
4300:Named after
4236:Hikaru Genji
4234:Named after
4177:Emperor Toba
4175:Named after
4116:Named after
4057:Named after
3998:Named after
3936:Named after
3580:Named after
3462:Named after
3236:Coordinates
3107:a key battle
3061:Atoll Island
3056:Midway Atoll
2904:Atoll Island
2650:Atoll Island
2391:Atoll Island
2234:Atoll Island
1543:Coordinates
1276:Kaʻena Ridge
1090:Penguin Bank
965:East Molokai
405:
288:Age (years)
285:Coordinates
235:
234:
227:
208:West Pacific
200:guyot stages
193:
189:
186:
181:
173:
167:
143:
125:and then an
123:atoll island
120:
109:
90:
71:
31:dynamic list
26:
7673:Pele's hair
7653:Limu o Pele
7608:ʻAʻā (lava)
7577:Kīlauea Iki
7215:Kīlauea Iki
7122:: T61C–04.
5978:World Atlas
5218: /
5163: /
5104: /
5050: /
4988: /
4929: /
4870: /
4811: /
4752: /
4693: /
4631: /
4569: /
4507: /
4453: /
4441:171°21′50″E
4393: /
4341: /
4329:171°35′40″E
4281: /
4230:~40 million
4218: /
4171:~40 million
4159: /
4112:~40 million
4100: /
4053:~40 million
4041: /
4008:Goshirakawa
3979: /
3920: /
3859: /
3799: /
3739: /
3680: /
3668:177°34′00″E
3623: /
3564: /
3507: /
3446: /
3389: /
3377:179°07′50″W
3334: /
3279: /
3197: /
3145: /
3133:177°57′50″W
3086: /
3034: /
3022:176°40′00″W
2982: /
2929: /
2877: /
2847:Salmon Bank
2825: /
2775: /
2725: /
2675: /
2663:173°57′57″W
2623: /
2571: /
2521: /
2469: /
2416: /
2404:171°44′00″W
2364: /
2312: /
2283:Raita Bank
2259: /
2207: /
2155: /
2103: /
2051: /
1999: /
1987:166°17′10″W
1944: /
1892: /
1842: /
1792: /
1742: /
1692: /
1635: /
1583: /
1500: /
1437: /
1374: /
1314: /
1250: /
1202:2.7 million
1190: /
1161:<32,000
1125: /
1066: /
1003: /
957:Lānaʻi City
936: /
873: /
810: /
749: /
737:156°15′12″W
689: /
628: /
616:155°43′02″W
567: /
555:155°28′05″W
506: /
494:155°52′02″W
448: /
436:155°36′10″W
388: /
333: /
93:ocean crust
7705:Categories
7389:Kure Atoll
7254:Kahoʻolawe
6067:23 January
5863:10 October
5693:2019-08-25
5474:: 81–108.
5398:References
5230:85 million
4619:170°34.2′E
4495:170°22.8′E
4438:36°47′45″N
4326:34°57′00″N
3967:172°16.2′E
3665:30°22′30″N
3647:De Veuster
3374:28°49′50″N
3167:Kure Atoll
3130:27°57′55″N
3019:28°31′45″N
2401:25°46′03″N
2011:12 million
1984:23°52′08″N
1932:164°42′0″W
1929:23°34′35″N
840:Kahoʻolawe
835:Kahoʻolawe
734:20°42′35″N
613:20°05′10″N
594:Big Island
579:~1 million
552:19°49′14″N
533:Big Island
491:19°41′32″N
475:Big Island
433:19°28′46″N
418:Big Island
360:Big Island
178:Kure Atoll
116:subsidence
29:This is a
7592:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
7582:Mauna Ulu
7525:and vents
7454:Daikakuji
7436:Seamounts
7404:Maro Reef
7291:West Maui
7286:Haleakalā
7243:Mauna Kea
7233:Mauna Loa
7227:Mauna Ulu
7223:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
7028:April 10,
7020:project.
6685:March 10,
6216:128983099
6171:April 12,
5497:1912/1102
5017:Winnebago
4492:37°58.2′N
3964:32°40.2′N
3826:Daikakuji
2660:26°3′49″N
2334:Maro Reef
785:(extinct)
771:West Maui
714:Haleakalā
664:(extinct)
603:(extinct)
542:(dormant)
528:Mauna Kea
413:Mauna Loa
155:Mauna Loa
103:from the
95:over the
82:seamounts
78:volcanoes
7348:Waiʻanae
7328:Honolulu
7296:Molokaʻi
7238:Hualālai
7201:Māhukona
7181:Windward
7170:topics (
7084:Archived
7060:April 4,
7054:Archived
7022:Archived
7014:EarthRef
6990:June 13,
6984:Archived
6964:June 13,
6958:Archived
6938:June 13,
6932:Archived
6912:June 14,
6906:Archived
6886:June 13,
6880:Archived
6860:June 13,
6854:Archived
6828:Archived
6804:June 13,
6768:April 4,
6737:June 13,
6731:Archived
6711:June 14,
6705:Archived
6679:Archived
6659:June 13,
6653:Archived
6645:"Kaua'i"
6623:Archived
6599:June 13,
6593:Archived
6539:June 11,
6470:June 13,
6464:Archived
6429:Archived
6375:June 13,
6337:Archived
6302:April 4,
6262:Archived
6165:Archived
6118:Archived
6061:Archived
6019:Archived
5993:Archived
5951:Archived
5921:Archived
5887:Archived
5857:Archived
5833:April 1,
5827:Archived
5807:, 2006,
5787:March 9,
5756:July 23,
5687:Archived
5683:43601673
5675:16946069
5611:June 13,
5605:Archived
5576:Archived
5506:Archived
5432:March 7,
5426:Archived
5266:Archived
5206:164°30′E
5190:Seamount
5151:167°36′E
5135:Seamount
5092:168°30′E
5038:168°20′E
4976:170°20′E
4960:Seamount
4917:169°59′E
4858:170°21′E
4799:170°24′E
4740:170°33′E
4724:Seamount
4681:170°12′E
4665:Seamount
4616:41°4.8′N
4557:171°15′E
4381:171°35′E
4313:Seamount
4269:171°38′E
4253:Seamount
4206:172°14′E
4190:Seamount
4147:171°39′E
4088:171°34′E
4029:171°34′E
3908:173°00′E
3847:172°18′E
3787:174°18′E
3771:Seamount
3711:Seamount
3652:Seamount
3611:178°50′E
3595:Seamount
3552:179°03′E
3536:Seamount
3495:179°20′E
3479:Seamount
3434:179°34′W
3322:178°52′W
3267:178°37′W
3185:178°20′W
3074:177°21′W
2970:176°54′W
2917:175°51′W
2865:176°25′W
2813:176°10′W
2763:175°36′W
2713:174°32′W
2611:173°24′W
2559:172°56′W
2509:172°24′W
2457:172°03′W
2352:170°35′W
2300:169°27′W
2247:167°59′W
2195:167°08′W
2143:166°57′W
2091:166°49′W
2039:166°42′W
1880:163°16′W
1830:163°10′W
1780:162°57′W
1730:162°37′W
1680:162°14′W
1623:161°55′W
1571:161°02′W
1488:159°30′W
1425:160°10′W
1362:160°32′W
1302:158°22′W
1286:<3.0
1238:158°09′W
1178:157°46′W
1143:Maui Nui
1113:157°40′W
1095:Seamount
1054:157°14′W
1033:Molokaʻi
991:156°51′W
970:Molokaʻi
924:156°56′W
861:156°36′W
798:156°37′W
677:156°01′W
660:470,000
655:Seamount
650:Māhukona
599:120,000
470:Hualālai
376:155°17′W
321:155°16′W
303:Seamount
196:seamount
131:seamount
7514:Yuryaku
7494:Nintoku
7464:Hancock
7459:Detroit
7449:Colahan
7434:Emperor
7369:Leeward
7338:Koʻolau
7317:Niʻihau
7211:Kīlauea
7206:Hawaiʻi
7124:Bibcode
6629:May 18,
6569:May 18,
6503:Bibcode
6435:May 18,
6400:Bibcode
6346:May 17,
6268:May 13,
6196:Bibcode
6124:July 4,
6097:May 14,
6025:July 3,
5957:June 7,
5893:May 12,
5810:motion.
5729:Bibcode
5655:Bibcode
5647:Science
5582:May 18,
5476:Bibcode
5203:53°12′N
5148:51°29′N
5130:Detroit
5089:48°50′N
5035:48°10′N
4973:44°35′N
4914:43°24′N
4855:42°59′N
4796:42°18′N
4737:41°51′N
4719:Godaigo
4678:41°44′N
4598:Nintoku
4554:38°50′N
4378:35°15′N
4266:33°41′N
4203:33°20′N
4144:33°14′N
4085:32°54′N
4067:Gosanjo
4026:32°39′N
3946:Yuryaku
3905:32°10′N
3844:32°05′N
3784:31°48′N
3727:176°0′E
3724:31°15′N
3706:Colahan
3608:30°15′N
3590:Hancock
3549:29°47′N
3492:29°41′N
3431:28°54′N
3413:Helsley
3319:28°51′N
3264:28°54′N
3182:28°25′N
3071:28°12′N
2967:28°05′N
2914:27°48′N
2862:26°56′N
2810:27°09′N
2760:26°56′N
2710:26°18′N
2608:25°59′N
2556:25°39′N
2506:25°30′N
2454:25°22′N
2349:25°25′N
2297:25°33′N
2244:25°01′N
2192:24°19′N
2140:24°12′N
2088:24°07′N
2036:23°59′N
1877:23°18′N
1827:23°12′N
1777:23°14′N
1727:23°14′N
1677:22°59′N
1620:23°03′N
1568:22°42′N
1485:22°05′N
1422:21°54′N
1404:Niʻihau
1399:Niʻihau
1359:21°39′N
1299:21°42′N
1235:21°30′N
1175:21°19′N
1110:20°55′N
921:20°50′N
858:20°33′N
795:20°54′N
674:20°01′N
373:19°25′N
355:Kīlauea
345:400,000
318:18°55′N
279:Island
151:Kilauea
112:erosion
7601:Topics
7479:Kimmei
7444:Abbott
7394:Laysan
7333:Kaʻena
7275:Lānaʻi
7268:Kaʻula
7261:Kauaʻi
7248:Kohala
6214:
5985:
5805:et al.
5681:
5673:
4660:Ninigi
4248:Kimmei
3766:Abbott
3242:Notes
2386:Laysan
1549:Notes
1467:Kauaʻi
1462:Kauaʻi
1346:>2
1341:Kaʻula
1336:Kaʻula
1051:21°9′N
988:21°7′N
903:Lānaʻi
898:Lānaʻi
589:Kohala
291:Notes
220:Russia
7509:Yomei
7504:Suiko
7489:Meiji
7474:Kammu
7469:Jingū
7419:Nihoa
7371:Isles
7323:Oʻahu
7183:Isles
6834:1 May
6798:(PDF)
6787:(PDF)
6340:(PDF)
6333:(PDF)
6212:S2CID
6153:(PDF)
5802:Sharp
5750:(PDF)
5717:(PDF)
5679:S2CID
5245:Notes
5185:Meiji
5076:Guyot
5071:Tenji
5022:Guyot
4955:Suiko
4901:Guyot
4842:Guyot
4837:Showa
4783:Guyot
4778:Yomei
4603:Guyot
4541:Guyot
4536:Jingu
4479:Guyot
4425:Guyot
4365:Guyot
4185:Genji
4131:Guyot
4072:Guyot
4013:Guyot
3951:Guyot
3892:Guyot
3887:Kammu
3831:Guyot
3418:Guyot
3361:Guyot
3306:Guyot
3251:Guyot
3230:Type
3227:Name
3172:Atoll
3120:Guyot
3009:Guyot
2957:Guyot
2852:Guyot
2800:Guyot
2750:Guyot
2700:Guyot
2598:Guyot
2546:Guyot
2496:Guyot
2444:Guyot
2339:Atoll
2287:Guyot
2182:Guyot
2130:Guyot
2078:Guyot
2026:Guyot
1974:Atoll
1867:Guyot
1817:Guyot
1767:Guyot
1717:Guyot
1667:Guyot
1605:Nihoa
1558:Guyot
1540:Type
1537:Name
1472:1.41
1281:Oʻahu
1222:~2.5
1217:Oʻahu
1156:Oʻahu
1038:1.76
538:4460
479:1800–
276:Name
137:guyot
127:atoll
99:, an
37:with
7499:Ojin
7484:Koko
7281:Maui
7172:list
7062:2009
7030:2009
7016:, a
6992:2009
6966:2009
6940:2009
6914:2009
6888:2009
6862:2009
6836:2010
6806:2009
6770:2009
6739:2009
6713:2009
6687:2009
6661:2009
6631:2009
6601:2009
6571:2009
6541:2009
6472:2009
6437:2009
6396:2007
6377:2009
6348:2009
6304:2009
6270:2009
6173:2009
6126:2009
6099:2009
6069:2010
6054:USGS
6027:2009
6001:2009
5983:ISBN
5959:2009
5929:2011
5895:2009
5865:2022
5835:2009
5789:2009
5758:2010
5671:PMID
5613:2009
5584:2009
5434:2009
5422:USGS
5257:The
5001:K-Ar
4896:Soga
4644:K-Ar
4582:K-Ar
4520:K-Ar
4474:Ojin
4406:K-Ar
4360:Koko
4294:K-Ar
4126:Toba
3992:K-Ar
3872:K-Ar
3812:K-Ar
3752:K-Ar
3239:Age
3099:K-Ar
2942:K-Ar
2429:K-Ar
2272:K-Ar
1957:K-Ar
1648:K-Ar
1546:Age
1513:K-Ar
1450:K-Ar
1387:K-Ar
1264:K-Ar
1079:K-Ar
1016:K-Ar
975:1.3
949:K-Ar
908:1.2
886:K-Ar
823:K-Ar
776:Maui
719:Maui
702:K-Ar
214:, a
198:and
153:and
80:and
72:The
6824:PBS
6511:doi
6499:126
6204:doi
5737:doi
5663:doi
5651:313
5492:hdl
5484:doi
1474:MYA
1411:MYA
1348:MYA
1288:MYA
1224:MYA
1040:MYA
977:MYA
910:MYA
847:MYA
845:~1
243:KML
182:the
7707::
7225:,
7221:,
7217:,
7116:61
7114:.
7070:^
7052:.
7048:.
7012:.
7008:.
6822:.
6789:.
6756:.
6621:.
6591:.
6509:.
6497:.
6480:^
6458:.
6445:^
6427:.
6412:^
6394:.
6356:^
6290:.
6286:.
6256:.
6243:^
6210:.
6202:.
6192:71
6190:.
6159:.
6155:.
6134:^
6085:.
6052:.
6048:.
6035:^
5991:.
5967:^
5945:.
5915:–
5911:.
5881:.
5855:.
5851:.
5775:.
5735:.
5725:44
5723:.
5719:.
5702:^
5685:.
5677:.
5669:.
5661:.
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5621:^
5592:^
5516:^
5490:.
5482:.
5468:66
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5416:.
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5303:^
5290:^
5272:).
4242:.
1656:CE
1409:2
1163:BP
783:BP
662:BP
601:BP
540:BP
222:.
180:,
165:.
133:.
107:.
88:.
7229:)
7213:(
7174:)
7160:e
7153:t
7146:v
7130:.
7126::
7064:.
7032:.
6994:.
6968:.
6942:.
6916:.
6890:.
6864:.
6838:.
6808:.
6772:.
6741:.
6715:.
6689:.
6663:.
6633:.
6603:.
6573:.
6543:.
6517:.
6513::
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6439:.
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6402::
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6218:.
6206::
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3640:—
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3406:—
3351:—
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1100:—
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