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bacteria, which has been responsible for significant numbers of human deaths, spreads through fecal transmission. The strain's low infectious dose, survival under adverse conditions, and potential for extreme disease severity prompt scientific attention. Radish, alfalfa sprouts, green onions as well
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as the contaminant of municipal wellwater used for human consumption. Because of the relative infancy of industrial-scale vegetable fertilization by liquid manure, processes to minimize the infection risks were not final by 2007.
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era. Powerful motorised tractors allowed farmers to haul large, heavy tanks on trailers around their fields, allowing liquids such as liquid manure to be easily and evenly applied near the plant root.
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farmers had noticed the improved fertility of manured land. Her team investigated
European digs for crops of cereals such as wheat and barley, as well as
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Liquid manure was developed in the 20th-century as an alternative to fermented manure. Manure in both forms is used as a nutrient-enriched
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is a mixture of animal waste and organic matter used as an agricultural fertilizer, sometimes thinned with water. It can be aged in a
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present in farm animals' excretions and originating from the food they consume.
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Guide to
Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
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Rear view of a liquid manure spreader at a trade fair in
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Since at least 1982, health authorities have recognised that the
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as leafy green vegetables like lettuce, spinach are prone to be
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such as peas and lentils. Modern-day scholars think that the
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A liquid manure spreader at a trade fair in
Belgium in 2009
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A liquid manure storage silo in the
Netherlands in 2012
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Current
American fertilizer practice dates back to the
132:just prior to harvest. In 1998, the United States
23:Joskin brand liquid manure spreader at Belgium's
428:"Reducing Risk of E. coli O157:H7 Contamination"
414:"Researchers Discover First Use of Fertilizer"
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213:Post-agribusiness era liquid manure spreader
128:, particularly when they are exposed to the
361:. Farm Journal, Inc. AgPRO. 23 March 2015.
225:A liquid manure trailer in Austria in 2017
169:Spreading manure in 1906, photographed by
359:"A historical overview of fertilizer use"
435:Nutrient Management Technical Note No. 7
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437:. USDA. September 2007. Archived from
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109:Post–World War II economic expansion
373:"Farmer's Handbook: Liquid Manure"
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134:Food and Drug Administration
115:Role in disease transmission
68:, an archaeobotanist at the
402:. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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146:Walkerton E. coli outbreak
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473:at Wikimedia Commons
237:Liquid manure trailer
82:Babylonian Chronicles
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86:Egyptian hieroglyphs
70:University of Oxford
511:Foodborne illnesses
486:Organic fertilizers
378:. Permaculture News
189:manuring implements
38:to concentrate it.
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104:practices.
66:Amy Bogaard
480:Categories
448:2019-07-08
382:2015-07-10
338:References
327:Slurry pit
317:Cow manure
185:Iowan pre-
51:phosphorus
43:fertilizer
36:slurry pit
74:Stone Age
55:potassium
400:"Manure"
306:See also
130:pathogen
47:nitrogen
153:Gallery
121:O157:H7
61:History
516:Manure
102:Teuton
78:pulses
53:, and
496:Feces
442:(PDF)
431:(PDF)
376:(PDF)
332:Feces
98:Roman
100:and
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