61:
232:
159:
217:
205:
147:
1039:
1386:
1113:
193:
181:
135:
1257:, the IDF military operation killed approximately 1,100 people, most of them Palestinian and Lebanese. According to IDF reporting and internal investigation, at least 550 of the casualties were Palestinian militants initially holding the front line and killed by the IDF ground operation. According to other sources about 2000 Lebanese and Palestinian were killed.
1306:(UNIFIL) was created to enforce this mandate, specifically "for the purpose of confirming the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restoring international peace and security and assisting the Government of Lebanon in ensuring the return of its effective authority in the area". UNIFIL forces arrived in Lebanon on 23 March 1978, setting up headquarters in
1287:
1273:, this use of the cluster bombs violated the legal agreement between Israel and the U.S. because the weapons had been provided for defensive purposes against an attack on Israel. Israel also transferred American weapons to Saad Haddad's Lebanese militia, a violation of American law. Carter's administration prepared to notify
1229:
the
Lebanese border with Israel. The ground forces were led by two division commanders, and attacked simultaneously along the entire front. Paratroopers landed from helicopters to capture all the bridges on the Litani River, cutting off the possibility of retreat by the PLO, and later expanded north to the Litani River.
1353:(Privates Barrett, Smallhorne and O'Mahoney) were kidnapped and two of them murdered by Christian gunmen. Private O'Mahoney survived (being shot by a sub-machine gun during the incident) in SLA territory; in a separate incident another Irish soldier, Private S. Griffin, was shot by Haddad's men, and was
1228:
The operation began with air, artillery, and naval bombardment, after which IDF infantry and armor forces, comprising about 25,000 soldiers, entered south
Lebanon. The Israelis first captured a belt of land approximately 10 kilometers deep, by launching a ground attack on all PLO positions along
1313:
Resolution 425 didn't result in an immediate end to hostilities. The
Israelis continued military operations for 2 more days until they ordered a ceasefire. The PLO's initial reaction was that the resolution didn't apply to them because it didn't mention the PLO. The PLO leadership finally ordered a
1707:
1277:
that
American weapons were being used illegally, which would have resulted in military aid to Israel being cut off. The American consul in Jerusalem informed the Israeli government of their plans and, according to Carter, Prime Minister Begin said that the operation was over.
1745:
1260:
Estimates for the number of people displaced by the military operations range from at least 100,000 to 250,000. Syrian troops deployed inside
Lebanon, some of which were within visual range of the IDF, but did not take part in the fighting. The
670:
1322:
has described the agreement as "a turning-point in the history of the
Palestinian resistance moment" because it was the first open acceptance of a ceasefire agreement with Israel that was endorsed by all official PLO bodies.
3172:
1240:
The IDF did not succeed in engaging large numbers of PLO forces, who retreated to the north. Many
Lebanese civilians were killed by heavy Israeli shelling and air strikes, which also caused extensive property damage and
2464:
1063:
In
November 1977, an exchange of gunfire led to the deaths of several people on both sides of the Israel–Lebanon border and led to Israel's bombing of targets in southern Lebanon that killed 70 people, mainly
663:
2254:
1742:
2682:
656:
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287:
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3281:
2247:
2216:
3459:
2830:
864:
3673:
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538:
332:
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1369:
Hostilities continued as the
Lebanese civil war escalated as fighting intensified in the south. Continued attacks in Israel from the Lebanese based PLO culminated in a
4395:
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2240:
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3621:
3617:
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1416:
1412:
3504:
3498:
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3479:
3469:
3463:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3417:
1401:
1299:
962:
958:
1209:
On 14 March 1978, Israel launched
Operation Litani, after the Coastal Road Massacre. Its stated goals were to push Palestinian militant groups, particularly the
4172:
2459:
1019:
as well as terror attacks on diaspora Israelis and other targets worldwide. This violence was exacerbated by an influx of some 3,000 PLO militants who had fled
356:
3733:
1445:
militias. On 26 April 2005, after 29 years of Syrian military presence in Lebanon, the last of the Syrian troops withdrew in accordance with the resolution.
1130:
280:
2668:
3400:
3394:
3725:
3715:
830:
740:
635:
1290:
Map showing the Blue Line demarcation line between Lebanon and Israel, established by the UN after the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 1978
3136:
2979:
1031:; the Palestinian political cause began to regroup in southern Lebanon and re-shifted the focus of its attacks to Israeli targets, and did so via the
3720:
3274:
2691:
4425:
3926:
3874:
3154:
2030:"A/56/898-S/2002/345 Letter dated 2 April 2002 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General"
2209:
1948:
Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. A Political, Social, and Military. ABC-CLIO. p. 623.
2780:
2037:
1303:
1012:
978:
966:
854:
680:
273:
48:
3844:
2937:
1374:
1217:, because of the attacks against Lebanese Christians and Jews and because of the relentless shelling into northern Israel. The area south of the
33:
1326:
Parts of the Palestinian resistance movement opposed the agreement and tried to violate the ceasefire. In April 1978, second-level Fatah leader
3770:
1479:
837:
3204:
3188:
4027:
4000:
3084:
2122:
2100:
2078:
1987:
1970:
1953:
1900:
1857:
1802:
1774:
1717:
1690:
1656:
1616:
4157:
3048:
620:
477:
454:
3267:
1577:
1366:
Palestinian factions also attacked UNIFIL, kidnapping an Irish UNIFIL soldier in 1981 and continuing to occupy areas in southern Lebanon.
1177:
4064:
3128:
3001:
1438:
1149:
3388:
3312:
3180:
3144:
2202:
4420:
2540:
2454:
1295:
578:
568:
4208:
3064:
2449:
1196:
996:
946:
553:
499:
163:
3886:
3232:
3214:
3196:
1156:
992:
3965:
3635:
2840:
2721:
2479:
1397:
954:
585:
487:
3561:
3555:
3291:
1992:
The operation was called Operation Peace for Galilee and was launched in reply to ongoing PLO attacks from its Lebanese bases.
1056:
towns and camps in southern Lebanon were totally leveled. It is estimated that by October 1977, about 300,000 refugees—mainly
3631:
3433:
1163:
1134:
1000:
926:
795:
482:
449:
3483:
3340:
3074:
52:
1916:
4400:
4221:
3808:
3779:
2469:
504:
3222:
2167:
4415:
4130:
3919:
2788:
2505:
2444:
2374:
1434:
1145:
859:
842:
707:
610:
397:
949:
as the latter was forced to withdraw from southern Lebanon, preventing it from launching attacks on Israel from across
4059:
4005:
3427:
2997:
1242:
849:
630:
3551:
1099:. After a lengthy chase and shootout, 38 Israeli civilians, including 13 children, were killed and 76 were wounded.
4390:
4309:
3970:
3955:
3763:
3639:
3573:
3487:
1441:
demanding the remaining 14,000 (of 50,000 originally) Syrian troop withdrawal and the dismantling of Hezbollah and
697:
493:
3790:
3318:
2713:
2225:
1123:
60:
4167:
3539:
3423:
3370:
3019:
2439:
1494:
1474:
1035:. Israel responded to Palestinian attacks from Lebanon with extensive air raids against PLO bases of operations.
765:
725:
3868:
3120:
3102:
1330:(Abu Daoud) organized cells of about 70 to 80 fighters with the intention of breaking the ceasefire. Arafat and
4410:
3995:
3334:
3330:
3009:
2903:
2289:
1489:
790:
719:
548:
514:
337:
320:
3376:
2189:
965:
on 19 March 1978, which called on Israel to immediately withdraw its troops from Lebanon and established the
4405:
4284:
4262:
4236:
4135:
4120:
4074:
3912:
3601:
2404:
1534:
1469:
1349:. On 19 April 1978, the SLA shelled UNIFIL headquarters, killing 8 UN soldiers. (Fisk, 138). In April 1980,
1250:
1246:
934:
714:
702:
2004:"Security Council Endorses Secretary-General's Conclusion on Israeli Withdrawal From Lebanon as of 16 June"
1357:
to Israel where he subsequently died during medical treatment. The Israeli press at the time, particularly
4198:
4145:
4049:
3583:
3579:
3056:
2987:
2963:
2337:
1274:
1024:
825:
780:
745:
590:
573:
509:
362:
1170:
4324:
4152:
4125:
3756:
3679:
3352:
2874:
2530:
2495:
2384:
2327:
1334:
ordered the arrest of all involved and Abu Daoud was later accused of collaborating with Fatah renegade
1072:
1057:
984:
942:
914:
869:
770:
625:
3892:
3242:
1982:
Martin, Gus (2013). Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Sage Publications.
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4289:
4231:
4162:
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4037:
3661:
3567:
3110:
2945:
2814:
2647:
2590:
2515:
2500:
2389:
2177:
1937:
1743:
Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa-Tel Aviv Road
1327:
785:
755:
730:
524:
404:
326:
94:
1400:
concluded that, as of 16 June 2000, Israel had withdrawn its forces from Lebanon in accordance with
4314:
4140:
4108:
4094:
3796:
3439:
3364:
3346:
3324:
2848:
2003:
1917:"Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970–1978)"
1032:
950:
750:
519:
467:
1302:
calling for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon were both adopted on 19 March 1978. The
4355:
4348:
4250:
4226:
4186:
4017:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3947:
3939:
3649:
3605:
3473:
2856:
2706:
2545:
2434:
2149:
1554:
1484:
1464:
1442:
1359:
1354:
1342:
1214:
760:
605:
343:
297:
151:
1682:
1341:
Israeli forces withdrew later in 1978, turning over positions inside Lebanon to their ally, the
2183:
1965:
Bickerton, Ian J. (2009). The Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 151.
4267:
3611:
3516:
3306:
2806:
2772:
2525:
2312:
2118:
2096:
2074:
1983:
1966:
1949:
1896:
1853:
1798:
1770:
1713:
1686:
1652:
1612:
1254:
879:
874:
735:
414:
376:
90:
1892:
1849:
4364:
4329:
4319:
4304:
4272:
4089:
4022:
3862:
3838:
3820:
3699:
3522:
3094:
2921:
2764:
2294:
2141:
1546:
1459:
1454:
1370:
1350:
1315:
1038:
988:
906:
800:
543:
472:
444:
434:
116:
4294:
4203:
4012:
3856:
3705:
3358:
3040:
2971:
2911:
2822:
2424:
2308:
1749:
1648:
1065:
1028:
930:
820:
805:
563:
391:
369:
350:
197:
648:
4369:
4213:
3990:
3850:
3826:
2955:
2929:
2798:
2626:
2621:
2595:
2429:
1675:
1385:
1222:
1084:
439:
429:
419:
3748:
1265:
retreated north of the Litani River, continuing to fire at the Israelis. The IDF used
4384:
4277:
4079:
3880:
3164:
2748:
2600:
2369:
2062:
1885:
1842:
1837:
1677:
The Newest Explosions of Terrorism: Latest Sites of Terrorism in the 1990s and Beyond
1641:
1408:
1319:
1266:
558:
236:
221:
185:
4084:
4054:
3545:
2864:
2642:
2419:
2332:
2145:
1936:
Private Kevin Joyce was kidnapped and is presumed dead. See Guardian article here
1880:
1550:
1426:
1331:
1270:
1218:
1053:
910:
424:
315:
2474:
1213:, away from the border with Israel, and to bolster Israel's ally at the time, the
2172:
3814:
3802:
3595:
2756:
2729:
2585:
2379:
2088:
1762:
1586:
1346:
1234:
1230:
1112:
1004:
209:
66:
17:
3382:
2303:
2110:
1429:) was explicitly rejected by the UN's Secretary-General's report which led to
1938:
20-year hunt for kidnapped Irish soldier almost over | UK news | The Observer
1314:
ceasefire on 28 March 1978, after a meeting between UNIFIL commander General
941:, and the internal displacement of 100,000 to 250,000 people in Lebanon. The
3960:
3510:
2414:
2364:
2190:
www.lebanon-israel.info An ongoing discussion on the Lebanon-Israel conflict
2132:
Ahmad Beydoun (1992). "The South Lebanon Border Zone: A Local Perspective".
2070:
1422:
1335:
1088:
615:
1052:
As a consequence of Israeli aerial attacks from 1968 to 1977, some of the
1096:
1076:
938:
918:
2194:
27:
Invasion of southern Lebanon by Israel as part of the Lebanese Civil War
3935:
3589:
2580:
2535:
2510:
2153:
1795:
Risk taking and decisionmaking: foreign military intervention decisions
1558:
1307:
1137: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1008:
922:
2570:
2565:
2322:
2317:
1709:
The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinians
1517:
Israel's Wars of Attrition: Attrition Challenges to Democratic States
1419:. Israel has lodged multiple complaints regarding Lebanon's conduct.
1389:
1020:
1016:
902:
265:
140:
1844:
The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics
1286:
3904:
1537:; Jillian Schwedler (1993). "(In)security Zones in South Lebanon".
1091:
tourist at a beach before hijacking a bus on the Coastal Road near
2605:
2575:
2520:
2409:
2399:
2341:
2298:
1384:
1285:
1092:
1080:
1037:
1095:; the group later also hijacked a second bus that was bound for
3908:
3752:
3263:
2664:
2236:
2198:
652:
269:
1262:
1210:
1106:
258:
1,100 to 2,000 killed in total (both combatants and civilians)
1294:
In response to the invasion, the UN Security Council adopted
1269:
provided by the United States. According to U.S. President
65:
Israeli soldiers meeting with Lebanese ex-military officer
2173:
Lebanese civil war 1978 Full of Pictures and Information
1579:
Israeli Violations of Human Rights of Lebanese Civilians
1087:
travelled from Lebanon to Israel, where they killed an
1363:, accused the Irish of pro-PLO bias. (Fisk, 152–154).
1225:, was invaded and occupied in a week long offensive.
929:. The conflict resulted in the deaths of 1,100–2,000
1071:
The proximate cause of the Israeli invasion was the
4249:
4185:
4107:
4036:
3946:
3688:
3531:
3409:
3298:
3032:
2895:
2740:
2698:
2635:
2614:
2558:
2488:
2357:
2350:
2280:
1887:
The blood of Abraham: insights into the Middle East
865:
1973 Athens Hellinikon International Airport attack
1884:
1841:
1674:
1640:
1425:'s claim that Israel has not fully withdrawn (see
1237:to attack targets on the northern Lebanese coast.
953:. In response to the outbreak of hostilities, the
1048:Light Green – controlled by Palestinian militias
991:, Operation Litani arose from the long-running
41:
1924:Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs
1788:
1786:
1752:. Historical Documents Archive: 12 March 1978.
1083:members led by the 18-year-old female fighter
1079:on 11 March 1978. On that day, 11 Palestinian
1023:following the defeat of Palestinian groups to
995:. After 1968, militant groups that formed the
983:Though it took the form of an invasion by the
3920:
3764:
3275:
2676:
2248:
2210:
664:
281:
8:
2140:(3). University of California Press: 35–53.
1545:(1). University of California Press: 61–79.
1529:
1527:
1525:
1042:Map showing power balance in Lebanon, 1976:
1345:(SLA) militia under the leadership of Maj.
4255:
4191:
4113:
4042:
3927:
3913:
3905:
3771:
3757:
3749:
3734:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement
3282:
3268:
3260:
2683:
2669:
2661:
2354:
2255:
2241:
2233:
2217:
2203:
2195:
1797:. Stanford University Press. p. 328.
1233:vessels were used as carrier platform for
671:
657:
649:
288:
274:
266:
38:
3444:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
3418:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
2093:Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon
1891:. University of Arkansas Press. pp.
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1767:Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon
1197:Learn how and when to remove this message
2115:The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1572:
1570:
1568:
4396:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
2781:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
1848:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1511:
1509:
1505:
1046:Purple – controlled by Maronite groups;
979:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
967:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
855:Attack on the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum
260:100,000 to 250,000 internally displaced
49:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
3726:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
3716:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
1732:Cobban, p. 94, Shlaim p. 369
1480:Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon
1411:, though it was called on to do so by
1407:Lebanon has not extended control over
945:gained a military victory against the
838:Israeli Bangkok Embassy hostage crisis
4028:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon
4001:Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
1741:Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1377:that persisted over the next decade.
7:
3721:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
3460:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement
3137:Southern Israel cross-border attacks
3049:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
2980:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel
1611:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 728.
1609:The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars
1135:adding citations to reliable sources
621:Civil Administration of the Mountain
478:1982 kidnapping of Iranian diplomats
3875:Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip
3780:Wars and conflicts involving Israel
2067:Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947
1439:UN Security Council Resolution 1559
3711:Israel–UAE normalization agreement
3602:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
2455:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
913:in March 1978, in response to the
34:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
25:
1044:Dark Green – controlled by Syria:
997:Palestine Liberation Organization
947:Palestine Liberation Organization
554:January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
3640:Agreement on Movement and Access
1111:
1013:attacks against civilian targets
230:
215:
203:
191:
179:
157:
145:
133:
59:
4426:Military occupations of Lebanon
3674:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
3668:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
3636:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
2841:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
2722:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
2480:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2168:Operation Litani, ALS.Miniature
2034:United Nations General Assembly
2028:Lancry, Yehuda (3 April 2002).
1607:Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2010).
1122:needs additional citations for
955:United Nations Security Council
488:Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
3313:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
3129:Palestinian militancy campaign
2146:10.1525/jps.1992.21.3.00p01145
2117:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1551:10.1525/jps.1993.23.1.00p0030t
559:Assassination of Rashid Karami
483:Multinational Force in Lebanon
1:
3401:American trusteeship proposal
2470:Popular Resistance Committees
1926:. United Nations. p. 69.
1681:. New Horizon Press. p.
1318:and Yasser Arafat in Beirut.
1146:"1978 South Lebanon conflict"
905:) began after Israel invaded
2134:Journal of Palestine Studies
1712:. Pluto Press. p. 191.
1539:Journal of Palestine Studies
1435:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
1060:—had fled southern Lebanon.
993:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
951:its land border with Lebanon
860:1973 New York City bomb plot
586:Assassination of René Moawad
115:Palestinian withdrawal from
32:Not to be confused with the
4006:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
2998:Palestinian suicide attacks
2178:Terrorist attacks in Israel
1793:Yaacov Vertzberger (1998).
1392:road block in Lebanon, 1981
1304:UN Interim Force in Lebanon
895:1978 South Lebanon conflict
850:Sabena Flight 571 hijacking
776:1978 South Lebanon conflict
631:South Lebanon security belt
410:1978 South Lebanon conflict
42:1978 South Lebanon conflict
4442:
3574:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
3562:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
3556:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
3488:Palestinian autonomy talks
976:
698:El Al Flight 426 hijacking
539:U.S. embassy annex bombing
494:Sabra and Shatila massacre
31:
4421:March 1978 events in Asia
4342:
4258:
4194:
4116:
4045:
3786:
3484:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
3341:Faisal–Weizmann agreement
3259:
2660:
2375:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
2232:
1495:Operation Grapes of Wrath
1475:Israeli casualties of war
1338:to break the ceasefire.
1011:, using it as a base for
766:Kfar Yuval hostage crisis
726:Avivim school bus bombing
690:
611:People's Republic of Tyre
599:Cantons and puppet states
398:St George's Church attack
307:
257:
242:
169:
126:
73:
58:
53:Israeli–Lebanese conflict
46:
3996:Emirate of Mount Lebanon
3523:Israel–Lebanon agreement
3335:Anglo-French Declaration
3331:Declaration to the Seven
2904:Misgav Am hostage crisis
1490:Operation Accountability
1029:Black September conflict
1001:other Palestinian groups
791:Misgav Am hostage crisis
720:TWA Flight 840 hijacking
549:1985 Beirut car bombings
357:1976 Syrian intervention
3887:Israel–Palestine crisis
3215:Israel–Palestine crisis
3066:Bringing Home the Goods
2405:Guardians of the Cedars
1673:Grosscup, Beau (1998).
1589:. 2000. pp. 12–13.
1535:Augustus Richard Norton
1470:Israel-Lebanon conflict
1373:in 1982 resulting in a
1371:second Israeli invasion
1351:three Irish UN soldiers
1251:international relations
1247:Augustus Richard Norton
815:International incidents
796:1981 bombing of Lebanon
715:El Al Flight 432 attack
703:El Al Flight 253 attack
532:Fourth phase: 1984–1990
384:Second phase: 1977–1982
4209:International rankings
4050:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
3845:South Lebanon conflict
3833:South Lebanon conflict
3632:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
3552:Gaza–Jericho Agreement
3434:Tripartite Declaration
3057:Ain es Saheb airstrike
2938:South Lebanon conflict
1706:Chomsky, Noam (1999).
1639:Chomsky, Noam (1983).
1393:
1291:
1049:
826:Operation Wrath of God
746:Kiryat Shmona massacre
681:Palestinian insurgency
574:Dahr al-Wahsh massacre
461:Third phase: 1982–1984
363:Siege of Tel al-Zaatar
310:First phase: 1975–1977
170:Commanders and leaders
4173:Speaker of Parliament
3680:John Kerry Parameters
3353:Churchill White Paper
3319:Sykes–Picot Agreement
2875:Coastal Road massacre
2496:Arab Higher Committee
2385:Arab Liberation Front
2328:Palestinian Authority
2226:Arab–Israeli conflict
1415:of 2002 and urged by
1388:
1289:
1243:internal displacement
1075:that took place near
1073:Coastal Road massacre
1058:Lebanese Shia Muslims
1041:
1033:Israel–Lebanon border
943:Israel Defense Forces
927:Palestinian militants
915:Coastal Road massacre
870:TWA Flight 841 (1974)
771:Coastal Road massacre
626:State of Free Lebanon
455:Iraqi Embassy bombing
243:Casualties and losses
4401:Invasions of Lebanon
3662:Annapolis Conference
3656:UNSC Resolution 1701
3646:UNSC Resolution 1850
3628:UNSC Resolution 1583
3622:UNSC Resolution 1566
3618:UNSC Resolution 1559
3568:Wye River Memorandum
3424:Armistice agreements
3181:Gaza border protests
3103:Gaza–Israel conflict
2815:Lod Airport massacre
2648:United Arab Republic
2591:United Arab Emirates
2501:Arab Liberation Army
1748:24 June 2009 at the
1643:The Fateful Triangle
1328:Mohammad Daoud Oudeh
1131:improve this article
786:1979 Nahariya attack
756:1974 Nahariya attack
731:Lod Airport massacre
525:1984 Sohmor massacre
500:U.S. embassy bombing
450:1981 Israeli bombing
327:Battle of the Hotels
95:Nabatieh Governorate
4416:Invasions by Israel
3797:Reprisal operations
3505:UNSC Resolution 497
3499:UNSC Resolution 478
3493:UNSC Resolution 452
3480:UNSC Resolution 446
3470:UNSC Resolution 425
3464:UNSC Resolution 350
3454:UNSC Resolution 339
3450:UNSC Resolution 338
3440:Khartoum Resolution
3428:Lausanne Conference
3377:Morrison–Grady Plan
3347:San Remo conference
3325:Balfour Declaration
3197:Gaza–Israel clashes
3189:Gaza–Israel clashes
2964:Mothers' Bus attack
2541:Revolutionary Cells
2184:Conflict in Lebanon
2040:on 21 February 2009
1398:UN Security Council
1282:UNSC Resolution 425
781:1979 Ma'alot attack
520:February 6 Intifada
468:1982 Beirut bombing
338:Black Saturday
321:Black Thursday
69:during the invasion
4222:Telecommunications
3863:Second Lebanon War
3650:Quartet Principles
3584:Clinton Parameters
3474:Camp David Accords
2857:Savoy Hotel attack
2707:1948 Palestine war
2546:South Lebanon Army
2435:Muslim Brotherhood
1485:Lebanese Civil War
1465:History of Lebanon
1394:
1381:Israeli withdrawal
1360:The Jerusalem Post
1343:South Lebanon Army
1292:
1215:South Lebanon Army
1103:Course of fighting
1050:
761:Savoy Hotel attack
606:East Beirut canton
579:War of Elimination
344:Karantina massacre
299:Lebanese Civil War
4391:Conflicts in 1978
4378:
4377:
4338:
4337:
4245:
4244:
4181:
4180:
4158:Political parties
4131:Foreign relations
4103:
4102:
3902:
3901:
3839:First Lebanon War
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3612:Geneva Initiative
3580:Camp David Summit
3540:Madrid Conference
3517:Reagan peace plan
3490:
3395:UN Partition Plan
3389:London Conference
3371:London Conference
3307:Damascus Protocol
3255:
3254:
3156:Pillar of Defense
2807:Sabena Flight 571
2773:Battle of Karameh
2692:Armed engagements
2656:
2655:
2554:
2553:
2526:Japanese Red Army
2281:Primary countries
2124:978-0-393-32112-8
2102:978-1-56025-442-3
2080:978-0-415-28716-6
1988:978-1-4522-0582-3
1971:978-1-86189-527-1
1954:978-1-85109-841-5
1902:978-1-55728-862-2
1859:978-0-521-27216-2
1804:978-0-8047-2747-1
1776:978-1-56025-442-3
1719:978-0-7453-1530-0
1692:978-0-88282-163-4
1658:978-0-89608-187-1
1618:978-1-85109-947-4
1255:Boston University
1207:
1206:
1199:
1181:
888:
887:
880:Operation Entebbe
875:Pan Am Flight 110
736:Sabena Flight 571
646:
645:
569:War of Liberation
515:Battle of Tripoli
510:Mountain War
505:Barracks bombings
415:Battle of Kaukaba
405:Hundred Days' War
377:Aishiyeh massacre
264:
263:
122:
121:
91:South Governorate
16:(Redirected from
4433:
4358:
4351:
4256:
4217:
4192:
4114:
4090:Southern Lebanon
4043:
4023:Cedar Revolution
3929:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3893:Israel–Hamas war
3821:War of Attrition
3791:Arab–Israeli War
3773:
3766:
3759:
3750:
3700:Trump peace plan
3692:
3486:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3246:
3243:Israel–Hamas war
3238:
3234:Shield and Arrow
3228:
3218:
3210:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3173:Wave of violence
3168:
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2951:
2941:
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2907:
2888:
2878:
2870:
2860:
2852:
2849:Ma'alot massacre
2844:
2836:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2765:War of Attrition
2760:
2752:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2714:Arab–Israeli War
2709:
2685:
2678:
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2662:
2559:Other countries
2355:
2295:Egyptian Kingdom
2257:
2250:
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2234:
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2196:
2186:, GlobalSecurity
2180:, GlobalSecurity
2157:
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2106:
2095:. Nation Books.
2084:
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2049:
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2036:. Archived from
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1460:2006 Lebanon War
1455:1982 Lebanon War
1316:Emmanuel Erskine
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1191:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1139:
1115:
1107:
1025:Jordanian forces
989:southern Lebanon
985:Israeli military
907:southern Lebanon
899:Operation Litani
801:1982 Lebanon War
751:Ma'alot massacre
708:retaliation raid
685:
683:in South Lebanon
673:
666:
659:
650:
544:War of the Camps
496:
473:1982 Lebanon War
445:Battle of Zahleh
435:At Tiri incident
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18:Litani Operation
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4411:1978 in Lebanon
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4310:Public holidays
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3966:Hellenistic era
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3857:Second Intifada
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3747:
3738:
3706:Abraham Accords
3690:
3684:
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3509:1981–1982
3405:
3359:Peel Commission
3294:
3292:peace proposals
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3041:Second Intifada
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3021:Grapes of Wrath
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2823:Munich massacre
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2338:Syrian Republic
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1417:Resolution 1496
1413:Resolution 1391
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1249:, professor of
1245:. According to
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1183:
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1138:
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1116:
1105:
1047:
1045:
1043:
981:
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821:Munich massacre
812:
806:siege of Beirut
686:
682:
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677:
647:
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601:
596:
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591:Battle of Sidon
564:War of Brothers
534:
527:
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392:Chouf massacres
390:
386:
375:
370:Chekka massacre
368:
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351:Damour massacre
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4406:1978 in Israel
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3991:Ottoman Empire
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3895:(2023–present)
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3851:First Intifada
3848:
3842:
3836:
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3827:Yom Kippur War
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3809:War over Water
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4237:Drug industry
4235:
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4080:Mount Lebanon
4078:
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3425:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3387:1946–47
3386:
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3378:
3374:
3372:
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3266:
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3262:
3258:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:Breaking Dawn
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3202:
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3096:
3092:
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3086:Autumn Clouds
3082:
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2791:
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2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:Samu incident
2746:
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2743:
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2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2703:
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2679:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:Former states
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:Transnational
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:United States
2599:
2597:
2594:
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2587:
2584:
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2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Holy War Army
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
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2493:
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2487:
2481:
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2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
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2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Army of Islam
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2351:Organizations
2349:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:Iraqi Kingdom
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:All-Palestine
2288:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2272:Organizations
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
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2239:
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2235:
2231:
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2201:
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2191:
2188:
2185:
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2179:
2176:
2174:
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2165:
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2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
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2120:
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2104:
2098:
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2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:Helena Cobban
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1800:
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1468:
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1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:south Lebanon
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:In 2000, the
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1320:Helena Cobban
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:cluster bombs
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1198:
1190:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148: –
1147:
1143:
1142:Find sources:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1120:This section
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
972:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
819:
818:
817:
816:
807:
804:
803:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
741:1972 air raid
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
721:
718:
716:
713:
709:
706:
705:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
689:
684:
674:
669:
667:
662:
660:
655:
654:
651:
637:
634:
633:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
600:
592:
589:
587:
584:
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577:
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572:
571:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
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540:
537:
536:
535:
533:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
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495:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
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471:
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462:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
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423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
399:
396:
395:
393:
389:
388:
387:
385:
378:
374:
371:
367:
364:
360:
358:
355:
352:
348:
345:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
328:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
311:
306:
301:
291:
286:
284:
279:
277:
272:
271:
268:
256:
252:
247:
246:
241:
238:
237:Yasser Arafat
228:
223:
222:Antoine Lahad
213:
211:
201:
199:
189:
187:
186:Mordechai Gur
177:
176:
174:
173:
168:
165:
155:
153:
142:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:South Lebanon
114:
109:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
62:
57:
54:
50:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
4285:Demographics
4263:Architecture
4204:Central Bank
4136:Human rights
4121:Constitution
4085:Shebaa farms
4075:Governorates
4055:Beqaa Valley
3981:Crusader era
3832:
3648: /
3638: /
3634: /
3630: /
3620: /
3604: /
3582: /
3554: /
3546:Oslo Accords
3491: /
3482: /
3472: /
3462: /
3452: /
3442: /
3426: /
3333: /
3233:
3223:
3205:
3155:
3145:
3111:
3085:
3076:Summer Rains
3075:
3065:
3020:
3010:
3000:(1993–2008;
2989:Bramble Bush
2988:
2946:
2912:
2883:
2882:
2865:
2831:
2789:
2643:Soviet Union
2333:Saudi Arabia
2137:
2133:
2114:
2092:
2089:Fisk, Robert
2066:
2042:. Retrieved
2038:the original
2033:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1991:
1978:
1961:
1944:
1932:
1923:
1911:
1886:
1881:Jimmy Carter
1843:
1794:
1766:
1763:Fisk, Robert
1757:
1737:
1728:
1708:
1701:
1676:
1668:
1642:
1608:
1578:
1542:
1538:
1516:
1515:Kober, Avi:
1427:Shebaa Farms
1421:
1406:
1395:
1368:
1365:
1358:
1340:
1332:Khalil Wazir
1325:
1312:
1293:
1271:Jimmy Carter
1259:
1239:
1227:
1221:, excepting
1219:Litani River
1208:
1193:
1184:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1141:
1129:Please help
1124:verification
1121:
1070:
1062:
1051:
1015:in northern
1007:in southern
982:
935:Palestinians
911:Litani River
898:
894:
892:
890:
814:
813:
775:
692:
598:
597:
531:
530:
460:
459:
425:Qaa massacre
409:
383:
382:
316:Bus massacre
309:
127:Belligerents
47:Part of the
29:
4199:Agriculture
3871:(2008–2009)
3859:(2000–2005)
3853:(1987–1993)
3847:(1985–2000)
3841:(1982–1985)
3823:(1967–1970)
3815:Six-Day War
3811:(1964–1967)
3803:Suez Crisis
3799:(1951–1956)
3793:(1948–1949)
3596:Taba Summit
3365:White Paper
3245:(2023–2024)
3175:(2015–2016)
3123:(2008–2009)
3115:(2007–2008)
3095:Lebanon War
3043:(2000–2005)
2958:(1987–1993)
2922:Lebanon War
2835:(1972–1979)
2783:(1968–1982)
2767:(1967–1970)
2757:Six-Day War
2730:Suez Crisis
2724:(1949–1956)
2716:(1948–1949)
2586:North Korea
2380:Arab League
2269:Authorities
2111:Shlaim, Avi
1443:Palestinian
1347:Saad Haddad
1235:helicopters
1231:Shayetet 11
1054:Palestinian
1027:during the
1005:quasi-state
897:(codenamed
693:Engagements
250:113 wounded
210:Saad Haddad
110:Territorial
67:Saad Haddad
4385:Categories
4325:Television
4216:(currency)
4126:Corruption
3986:Mamluk era
3732:2022
3704:2020
3698:2019
3678:2016
3672:2013
3666:2010
3660:2007
3654:2006
3644:2006
3626:2005
3616:2004
3610:2003
3600:2002
3594:2001
3588:2000
3578:2000
3572:1999
3566:1998
3560:1995
3550:1994
3544:1993
3538:1991
3521:1983
3515:1982
3503:1981
3497:1980
3478:1979
3468:1978
3458:1974
3448:1973
3438:1967
3432:1950
3422:1949
3416:1948
3399:1948
3393:1947
3383:Bevin Plan
3381:1947
3375:1946
3369:1939
3363:1939
3357:1937
3351:1922
3345:1920
3339:1919
3329:1918
3323:1917
3317:1916
3311:1915
3305:1914
3299:Background
3206:Black Belt
3112:Hot Winter
2972:Tunis raid
2947:Wooden Leg
2304:Hamas Gaza
2069:. London:
1501:References
1187:March 2018
1157:newspapers
999:(PLO) and
973:Background
969:(UNIFIL).
909:up to the
4300:Languages
4290:Education
4232:Transport
4163:President
4070:Districts
4038:Geography
4018:Civil War
3971:Roman era
3961:Phoenicia
3532:1991–2016
3511:Fahd Plan
3410:1948–1983
3033:2000–2021
2896:1980–1999
2741:1960–1979
2699:1947–1959
2475:as-Sa'iqa
2415:Hezbollah
2365:Abu Nidal
2266:Countries
2071:Routledge
1423:Hezbollah
1355:evacuated
1336:Abu Nidal
843:1973 raid
831:1972 raid
616:Fatahland
248:18 killed
4365:Category
4315:Religion
4153:Military
4141:Abortion
4109:Politics
4095:Wildlife
3976:Arab era
3940:articles
3881:Gaza War
3869:Gaza War
3606:Road map
3165:Gaza War
3121:Gaza War
2299:Republic
2113:(2001).
2091:(2002).
2065:(2002).
2044:14 March
2013:14 March
1883:(1993).
1840:(1984).
1765:(2002).
1746:Archived
1587:B'Tselem
1449:See also
1375:flare-up
1275:Congress
1097:Tel Aviv
1089:American
1077:Tel Aviv
1066:Lebanese
957:adopted
939:Israelis
931:Lebanese
919:Tel Aviv
86:Location
51:and the
4349:Outline
4273:Cuisine
4251:Culture
4227:Tourism
4187:Economy
4060:Borders
3956:Ancient
3948:History
3936:Lebanon
3691:present
3590:Isratin
3105:(2006–)
3051:(2001–)
2866:Entebbe
2832:Bayonet
2581:Morocco
2536:Palmach
2511:Haganah
2465:PFLP-GC
2154:2537518
1559:2537858
1519:, p. 64
1437:led to
1308:Naqoura
1171:scholar
1009:Lebanon
925:-based
923:Lebanon
112:changes
4370:Portal
4320:Sports
4268:Cinema
4214:Pound
4065:Cities
3938:
3889:(2021)
3883:(2014)
3877:(2012)
3865:(2006)
3835:(1978)
3829:(1973)
3817:(1967)
3805:(1956)
3237:(2023)
3227:(2022)
3217:(2021)
3209:(2019)
3199:(2019)
3191:(2018)
3183:(2018)
3167:(2014)
3159:(2012)
3149:(2012)
3139:(2011)
3131:(2010)
3097:(2006)
3089:(2006)
3079:(2006)
3069:(2006)
3059:(2003)
3024:(1996)
3014:(1993)
2992:(1992)
2982:(1991)
2974:(1988)
2966:(1988)
2950:(1985)
2940:(1985)
2932:(1984)
2924:(1982)
2916:(1981)
2906:(1980)
2887:(1978)
2884:Litani
2877:(1978)
2869:(1976)
2859:(1975)
2851:(1974)
2843:(1973)
2825:(1972)
2817:(1972)
2809:(1972)
2801:(1973)
2793:(1968)
2775:(1968)
2759:(1967)
2751:(1966)
2732:(1956)
2571:Kuwait
2566:France
2489:Former
2420:Kataeb
2358:Active
2323:Jordan
2318:Israel
2152:
2121:
2099:
2077:
2008:un.org
1986:
1969:
1952:
1899:
1856:
1801:
1773:
1716:
1689:
1655:
1615:
1557:
1433:. The
1390:UNIFIL
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1021:Jordan
1017:Israel
903:Israel
722:(1969)
141:Israel
138:
102:Result
4356:Index
4330:Women
4305:Music
3689:2019–
2913:Opera
2606:Yemen
2576:Libya
2521:Irgun
2410:Hamas
2400:Fatah
2150:JSTOR
1920:(PDF)
1893:92–93
1850:95–96
1663:p.192
1583:(PDF)
1555:JSTOR
1178:JSTOR
1164:books
1093:Haifa
1081:Fatah
937:, 20
917:near
4295:Flag
4278:wine
4146:LGBT
3002:list
2790:Gift
2531:Lehi
2460:PFLP
2395:DFLP
2370:Amal
2340:and
2311:and
2297:and
2119:ISBN
2097:ISBN
2075:ISBN
2046:2016
2015:2016
1984:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1854:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1687:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1298:and
1223:Tyre
1150:news
961:and
933:and
893:The
93:and
78:Date
2450:PLO
2445:PLF
2440:PIJ
2142:doi
1683:272
1547:doi
1263:PLO
1253:at
1211:PLO
1133:by
987:of
921:by
901:by
164:PLO
152:SLA
4387::
2148:.
2138:21
2136:.
2073:.
2032:.
2006:.
1990:.
1922:.
1895:.
1868:^
1852:.
1813:^
1785:^
1685:.
1651:.
1647:.
1627:^
1595:^
1585:.
1567:^
1553:.
1543:23
1541:.
1524:^
1508:^
1404:.
1310:.
1068:.
3928:e
3921:t
3914:v
3772:e
3765:t
3758:v
3283:e
3276:t
3269:v
3004:)
2684:e
2677:t
2670:v
2256:e
2249:t
2242:v
2218:e
2211:t
2204:v
2156:.
2144::
2127:.
2105:.
2083:.
2048:.
2017:.
1973:.
1956:.
1905:.
1862:.
1807:.
1779:.
1722:.
1695:.
1661:.
1621:.
1561:.
1549::
1200:)
1194:(
1189:)
1185:(
1175:·
1168:·
1161:·
1154:·
1127:.
672:e
665:t
658:v
289:e
282:t
275:v
36:.
20:)
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