1895:
of the lowered capacity formation is lithium plating. As mentioned above, low temperature lowers the diffusion rate of lithium ions within the electrodes, allowing for the lithium plating rate to compete with that of intercalation rate. The colder condition leads to higher growth rates and shifts the initial point to lower state of charge which means that the plating process starts earlier. Lithium plating uses up lithium which then compete with the intercalation of lithium into graphite, decreasing the capacity of the batteries. The aggregated lithium ions are deposited on the surface of electrodes in the form of âplatesâ or even dendrites which may penetrate the separators, short-circuiting the battery completely.
1269:
0.8C, the capacity of the lead acid battery is only 60% of the rated capacity. Therefore, in cyclic applications where the discharge rate is often greater than 0.1C, a lower rated lithium battery will often have a higher actual capacity than the comparable lead acid battery. This means that at the same capacity rating, the lithium will cost more, but a lower capacity lithium battery can be used for the same application at a lower price. The cost of ownership when considering the lifecycle further increases the value of the lithium battery when compared to a lead acid battery. They also have much poorer performance at lower temperatures, see below.
211:
138:
33:
655:. This structure is a useful contributor to the cathode of lithium rechargeable batteries. This is due to the olivine structure created when lithium is combined with manganese, iron, and phosphate (as described above). The olivine structures of lithium rechargeable batteries are significant, for they are affordable, stable, and can be safely used to store energy.
331:
1357:âą zM from Aleees a high capacitance and low impedance obtained by the stable control of the ferrites and crystal growth. This improved control is realized by applying strong mechanical stirring forces to the precursors in high oversaturation states, which induces crystallization of the metal oxides and LFP.
1877:
Generally, LFP chemistry batteries are less susceptible to thermal runaway reactions like those that occur in lithium cobalt batteries; LFP batteries exhibit better performance at an elevated temperature. Research has shown that at room temperature (23 °C), the initial capacity loss approximates
1419:
The USPTO issued a
Reexamination Certificate for the '382 patent on April 15, 2008, and for the '640 patent on May 12, 2009, by which the claims of these patents were amended. This allowed the current patent infringement suits filed by Hydro-Quebec against Valence and A123 to proceed. After a Markman
1447:
and the UT. In
October 2008, NTT announced that they would settle the case in the Japan Supreme Civil Court for $ 30 million. As part of the agreement, UT agreed that NTT did not steal the information and that NTT would share its LFP patents with UT. NTTâs patent is also for an olivine LFP, with the
1894:
91.2%, 74.5%, 63.6% and 61.3%. These losses are accounted for by the slow diffusion of lithium ions within electrodes and the formation of SEI that come with lower temperatures which subsequently increase the charge-transfer resistance on the electrolyte-electrode interfaces. Another possible cause
1256:
Lithium cobalt oxide based battery chemistries are more prone to thermal runaway if overcharged and cobalt is both expensive and not widely geographically available. Other chemistries such as nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) have supplanted LiCo chemistry cells in most applications. The original ratio
1881:
However, this is only true for a short cycling timeframe. Later yearlong study has shown that despite LFP batteries having double the equivalent full cycle, the capacity fade rate increased with increasing temperature for LFP cells but the increasing temperature does not impact NCA cells or have a
1268:
and are often being touted as a drop-in replacement for lead acid applications. The most notable difference between lithium iron phosphate and lead acid is the fact that the lithium battery capacity shows only a small dependence on the discharge rate. With very high discharge rates, for instance
24:
1952:
Chung, Hsien-Ching; Nguyen, Thi Dieu Hien; Lin, Shih-Yang; Li, Wei-Bang; Tran, Ngoc Thanh Thuy; Thi Han, Nguyen; Liu, Hsin-Yi; Pham, Hai Duong; Lin, Ming-Fa (December 2021). "Chapter 16 - Engineering integrations, potential applications, and outlooks of Li-ion battery industry".
1889:
LFP batteries are especially affected by decreasing temperature which possibly hamper their application in high-latitude areas. The initial discharge capacities for LFP/C samples at temperatures of 23, 0, -10, and -20 °C are 141.8, 92.7, 57.9 and 46.7 mAh/g with
1878:
40-50 mAh/g. However, at 40 °C and 60 °C, the capacity losses approximate 25 and 15 mAh/g respectively, but these capacity losses were spread over 20 cycles instead of a bulk loss like that in the case of room temperature capacity loss.
1179:
LFP's major commercial advantages are that it poses few safety concerns such as overheating and explosion, as well as long cycle lifetimes, high power density and has a wider operating temperature range. Power plants and automobiles use LFP.
1755:, after metal substitution, has higher reversibility of lithium ion insertion and extraction. During lithium extraction, Fe (II) is oxidized to Fe (III) and the lattice volume shrinks. The shrinking volume changes lithiumâs returning paths.
2927:
Hamid, N.A.; Wennig, S.; Hardt, S.; Heinzel, A.; Schulz, C.; Wiggers, H. (October 2012). "High-capacity cathodes for lithium-ion batteries from nanostructured LiFePO4 synthesized by highly-flexible and scalable flame spray pyrolysis".
1809:
In the emulsion drying process, the emulsifier is first mixed with kerosene. Next, the solutions of lithium salts and iron salts are added to this mixture. This process produces nanocarbon particles. Hydrothermal synthesis produces
2073:
Fedotov, Stanislav S.; Luchinin, Nikita D.; Aksyonov, Dmitry A.; Morozov, Anatoly V.; Ryazantsev, Sergey V.; Gaboardi, Mattia; Plaisier, Jasper R.; Stevenson, Keith J.; Abakumov, Artem M.; Antipov, Evgeny V. (2020-03-20).
1187:
has developed multi-trillion watt battery systems that are capable of subsidiary services of the power network, including spare capacity and frequency adjustment. In China, BAK and
Tianjin Lishen are active in the area.
2059:
1007:
2359:âPhospho-olivines as Positive-Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteriesâ A. K. Padhi, K. S. Nanjundaswamy, and J. B. Goodenough, J. Electrochem. Soc., Volume 144, Issue 4, pp. 1188â1194 (April 1997)
1593:
and raises its reversible capacity up to 95% of the theoretical values. However, addition of conductive additives also increases the "dead mass" present in the cell that does not contribute to energy storage.
1439:
revoked Dr. Goodenoughâs patent numbered 0904607. This decision basically reduced the patent risk of using LFP in
European automobile applications. The decision is believed to be based on the lack of novelty.
1052:
space group with a unit cell volume of 272.4 Ă
, only slightly smaller than that of its lithiated precursor. Extraction of lithium ions reduces the lattice volume, as is the case with lithium oxides.
2708:
Kwon, Sang Jun; Kim, Cheol Woo; Jeong, Woon Tae; Lee, Kyung Sub (October 2004). "Synthesis and electrochemical properties of olivine LiFePO4 as a cathode material prepared by mechanical alloying".
2778:
LeĂłn, B.; Vicente, C. PĂ©rez; Tirado, J. L.; Biensan, Ph.; Tessier, C. (2008). "Optimized
Chemical Stability and Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO Composite Materials Obtained by ZnO Coating".
1557:
LFP has two shortcomings: low conductivity (high overpotential) and low lithium diffusion constant, both of which limit the charge/discharge rate. Adding conducting particles in delithiated
2743:
Dominko, R.; Bele, M.; Gaberscek, M.; Remskar, M.; Hanzel, D.; Goupil, J.M.; Pejovnik, S.; Jamnik, J. (February 2006). "Porous olivine composites synthesized by solâgel technique".
1993:"The Long-Term Usage of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System with a Lithium-Ion Battery-Based Energy Storage System on High Mountains: A Case Study in Paiyun Lodge on Mt. Jade in Taiwan"
344:
1932:
Park, O. K.; Cho, Y.; Lee, S.; Yoo, H.-C.; Song, H.-K.; Cho, J., "Who Will Drive
Electric Vehicles, Olivine or Spinel?", Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, volume 4, pages 1621-1633.
2200:
Masquelier, Christian; Croguennec, Laurence (2013). "Polyanionic (Phosphates, Silicates, Sulfates) Frameworks as
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Li (or Na) Batteries".
1215:(e.g. nickel-cobalt-manganese, NCM) cathode materials, primarily due to its operational voltage (3.2 volts vs 3.7 for NCM-type cathode chemistries), it has 70% more than
2654:
Deb, Aniruddha; Bergmann, Uwe; Cairns, Elton J.; Cramer, Stephen P. (June 2004). "Structural
Investigations of LiFePO 4 Electrodes by Fe X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy".
1296:
690:
was then identified as a cathode material belonging to the polyanion class for use in batteries in 1996 by Padhi et al. Reversible extraction of lithium from
2805:
Liu, H.; Wang, G.X.; Wexler, D.; Wang, J.Z.; Liu, H.K. (January 2008). "Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode material coated with ZrO2 nanolayer".
2552:
1668:, has a better cycling lifetime, larger capacity and better characteristics under rapid discharge. The addition of a conductive carbon increases efficiency.
264:
3233:
4883:
6556:
3400:
1406:
2616:
Claim
Construction; Insights from the Lithium Battery Patent Infringement Case." Electrochemical Society Interface 29(2): 53-59; 10.1149.2/2.F07202if
2379:
1533:. At the heart of the case was that NTT engineer Okada Shigeto, who had worked in the UT labs developing the material, was accused of stealing UTâs
1393:
1382:
1257:
of Ni to Mn to Co was 3:3:3, whereas today, cells are being made with ratios of 8:1:1 or 6:2:2, whereby the Co content has been drastically reduced.
95:
5810:
5777:
4782:
2346:: A Novel Cathode Material for Rechargeable Batteries", A.K. Padhi, K.S. Nanjundaswamy, J.B. Goodenough, Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts,
1191:
The safety is a crucial property for application in specific environment. For example, in 2016 an LFP-based energy storage system was installed in
1330:
is the nano-LFP, which modifies its physical properties and adds noble metals in the anode, as well as the use of special graphite as the cathode.
6363:
2183:
Wang, J.; Sun, X., "Olivine Lifepo4: The
Remaining Challenges for Future Energy Storage", Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, volume 8, pages 1110-1138.
1428:'s patents from the UT (licensed to Hydro-Quebec) were infringed by A123, that had its own improved versions of LiFePO4 patents, that contained
875:
migrate in the lattice's one-dimensional free volume. During charge/discharge, the lithium ions are extracted concomitant with oxidation of Fe:
6346:
5726:
5700:
5680:
749:, lithium has a +1 charge, iron +2 charge balancing the â3 charge for phosphate. Upon removal of Li, the material converts to the ferric form
1544:
claims to own the key IP and offers licenses. It is a consortium between Johnson Matthey, the CNRS, University of Montreal, and Hydro Quebec.
5957:
3282:
1972:
6902:
5900:
881:
1424:
held that the claims of the reexamined patents had a narrower scope than as originally granted. The key question was whether the earlier
1874:
The effects of temperature on lithium iron phosphate batteries can be divided into the effects of high temperature and low temperature.
1401:
On April 7, 2006, A123 filed an action seeking a declaration of non-infringement and invalidity UT's patents. A123 separately filed two
1569:
raises its electron conductivity. For example, adding conducting particles with good diffusion capability like graphite and carbon to
225:
1250:
392:. It is a gray, red-grey, brown or black solid that is insoluble in water. The material has attracted attention as a component of
4905:
4824:
4184:
1684:
with 1 wt% of metal additives has a reversible capacity up to 140 mAh/g and better efficiency under high discharge current.
7909:
3226:
6543:
6391:
5603:
1904:
1444:
1163:
393:
2865:
Ni, J.F.; Zhou, H.H.; Chen, J.T.; Zhang, X.X. (August 2005). "LiFePO4 doped with ions prepared by co-precipitation method".
2431:
Love, Corey T.; Korovina, Anna; Patridge, Christopher J.; Swider-Lyons; Karen E.; Twigg, Mark E.; Ramaker, David E. (2013).
1626:
with oxide coating shows improved cycling performance. This coating also inhibits dissolution of Co and slows the decay of
6729:
5845:
5245:
3326:
3062:"A comparative study on the low-temperature performance of LiFePO4/C and Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathodes for lithium-ion batteries"
1361:
These patents underlie mature mass production technologies. The largest production capacity is up to 250 tons per month.
1282:
409:
351:
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5803:
4535:
3773:
3272:
5675:
3109:"Nondestructive detection, characterization, and quantification of lithium plating in commercial lithium-ion batteries"
1883:
1292:
1216:
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5220:
4382:
3954:
3946:
3913:
3534:
3520:
3416:
3255:
1672:
Zosen and Aleees reported that addition of conducting metal particles such as copper and silver increased efficiency.
1116:
189:
4158:
1299:(CNRS) own patents, that claim improvements of the original LiFePo4 by carbon coating that enhance its conductivity.
415:
Most lithium batteries (Li-ion) used in consumer electronics products use cathodes made of lithium compounds such as
4727:
3378:
3353:
573:â. However, more than one olivine-type phase may be used as a battery's cathode material. Olivine compounds such as
7894:
6697:
6175:
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4250:
4011:
3999:
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3308:
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from Phostech is increased capacitance and conductivity by an appropriate carbon coating. The special feature of
1222:
The major differences between LFP batteries and other lithium-ion battery types is that LFP batteries contain no
145:
4742:
4709:
4286:
3838:
3384:
2681:
Haas, O.; Deb, A.; Cairns, E. J.; Wokaun, A. (2005). "Synchrotron X-Ray Absorption Study of LiFePO Electrodes".
1398:. The patent claims involved a unique crystal structure and a chemical formula of the battery cathode material.
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7698:
7228:
6895:
4956:
4774:
3570:
7841:
7833:
7778:
7674:
4079:
1614:
Coating LFP with inorganic oxides can make LFPâs structure more stable and increase conductivity. Traditional
7518:
7197:
4691:
4502:
4031:
2892:
Cho, Tae-Hyung; Chung, Hoon-Taek (June 2004). "Synthesis of olivine-type LiFePO4 by emulsion-drying method".
7791:
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7754:
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7714:
7461:
7213:
7205:
7156:
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6573:
5796:
3895:
1421:
7849:
7762:
7682:
7558:
7450:
4059:
4047:
3675:
3643:
3164:"Thermal issues about Li-ion batteries and recent progress in battery thermal management systems: A review"
133:
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7134:
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7017:
6936:
5888:
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4326:
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3557:
1436:
726:
7362:
5623:
4414:
4402:
4314:
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3659:
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7186:
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675:
45:
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4807:
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1226:(removing ethical and economic questions about cobalt's availability) and have a flat discharge curve.
804:
octahedra sharing O corners. Lithium ions reside within the octahedral channels in a zigzag manner. In
718:
confirmed that LFP was able to ensure the security of large input/output current of lithium batteries.
7499:
5348:
4561:
4549:
3826:
3794:
3705:
3373:
3361:
3002:
Preger, Yulia; Barkholtz, Heather M.; Fresquez, Armado; Campbell, Danel L.; Juba, Benjamin W. (2020).
1389:
1378:
1183:
BAE has announced that their HybriDrive Orion 7 hybrid bus uses about 180 kW LFP battery cells.
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7291:
7275:
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Rechargeable Li-ion batteries based on Olivine-structured (LiFePO4) cathode materials - Kumar et al.
206:
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7251:
7100:
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5876:
5100:
4492:
4023:
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3434:
2580:
2076:"Titanium-based potassium-ion battery positive electrode with extraordinarily high redox potential"
1823:
1104:
A nearly close-packed hexagonal array of oxides centers provides relatively little free volume for
715:
397:
61:
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7236:
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2004:
1914:
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1413:
1285:(UT) patented the materials with the crystalline structure of LiFePo4 and their use in batteries.
667:
663:
375:
5530:
5360:
2834:"A Novel Concept for the Synthesis of an Improved LiFePO[sub 4] Lithium Battery Cathode"
2640:
2146:
23:
5554:
3004:"Degradation of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions"
2626:
2380:"A review of recent developments in the synthesis procedures of lithium iron phosphate powders"
1432:
dopant. The end results was licensing of Goodenough's patents by A123 under undisclosed terms.
721:
The material can be produced by heating a variety of iron and lithium salts with phosphates or
7586:
7323:
7114:
6838:
6669:
6657:
6531:
6502:
6438:
6207:
6187:
6131:
6126:
6039:
6031:
5611:
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4638:
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4172:
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3885:
3740:
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3452:
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3192:
3137:
3082:
3033:
2535:
2410:
2217:
2123:
2105:
1968:
1843:
817:
405:
115:
2506:"Charge and discharge profiles of repurposed LiFePO4 batteries based on the UL 1974 standard"
7422:
7032:
6976:
6551:
6494:
6275:
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6235:
6223:
6139:
6093:
6088:
6059:
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5628:
5464:
5180:
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3129:
3074:
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2909:
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2814:
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2690:
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2402:
2315:
2264:
2209:
2184:
2159:
2113:
2095:
2014:
1960:
1933:
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to the solution followed by thermal processing. Vapor phase deposition produces a thin film
287:
5633:
1581:
powders significantly improves conductivity between particles, increases the efficiency of
71:
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6925:
6769:
6685:
6629:
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5275:
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4242:
4234:
4208:
4126:
3994:
3752:
3718:
3634:
3610:
3565:
2627:"EPO Revokes Univ. Of Texas European Patent on Lithium Metal Phosphates; Boon for Valence"
2566:
2475:
Malik, R.; Abdellahi, A.; Ceder, G., "A Critical Review of the Li Insertion Mechanisms in
1803:
1783:
1184:
805:
722:
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210:
137:
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3125:
3019:
2941:
2905:
2756:
2721:
2398:
2311:
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1882:
negligible impact on the aging of NMC cells. This capacity fade is primarily due to the
1475:. Although chemically the materials are nearly the same, from the viewpoint of patents,
7307:
6850:
6609:
6526:
6443:
6075:
5819:
5762:
5026:
4847:
4110:
4092:
4087:
3466:
2965:
2832:
Croce, F.; D' Epifanio, A.; Hassoun, J.; Deptula, A.; Olczac, T.; Scrosati, B. (2002).
2530:
2505:
2118:
2075:
1234:
1169:
322:
32:
1854:. The mixture is then injected inside a flame and filtered to collect the synthesized
7888:
7121:
5435:
5385:
5151:
5089:
4347:
4225:
4217:
4200:
3045:
2320:
2283:
2268:
1791:
1173:
177:
126:
2445:
phase transition mechanisms and new observations from X-ray absorption spectroscopy"
5991:
5752:
5690:
5260:
5074:
5011:
4828:
3188:
3133:
3078:
2949:
2913:
2764:
2729:
2406:
1909:
1851:
1606:
shows good cycling performance even under charge/discharge current as large as 5C.
1327:
1192:
813:
525:
structure. M includes not only Fe but also Co, Mn and Ti. As the first commercial
2147:"Thermal Stability of Fe-Mn Binary Olivine Cathodes for Li Rechargeable Batteries"
1964:
1956:
First-Principles Calculations for Cathode, Electrolyte and Anode Battery Materials
2878:
2818:
1704:
can also raise efficiency. Substituting zinc for iron increases crystallinity of
5593:
5498:
5313:
1954:
1472:
1364:
In patent lawsuits in the US in 2005 and 2006, UT and Hydro-Québec claimed that
1230:
3028:
3003:
2521:
2100:
6869:
5588:
5574:
5564:
5559:
5520:
5430:
5375:
5365:
4837:
2019:
1992:
1409:(USPTO), in which they sought to invalidate the patents based upon prior art.
765:
476:
401:
310:
106:
3196:
3141:
3086:
2963:
Andersson, Anna S; Thomas, John O; Kalska, Beata; HÀggström, Lennart (2000).
2414:
2109:
1763:
Mass production with stability and high quality still faces many challenges.
1211:
Although LFP has 25% less specific energy (Wh/g) than lithium batteries with
6911:
6330:
5685:
5535:
5525:
5474:
5469:
5380:
3264:
1799:
1795:
1471:(A is for alkali metal and M for the combination of Co and Fe), now used by
1130:
is relatively low at ambient temperature. The details of the lithiation of
833:
671:
2539:
2221:
2127:
1154:
have been examined. Two phases of the lithiated material are implicated.
5549:
5484:
5390:
3059:
Rui, X.H.; Jin, Y.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, L.C.; Chen, C.H. (February 2011).
1402:
2599:
2492:
2461:
2432:
1416:, a company that commercializes LFP products that alleged infringement.
5772:
5420:
5405:
5343:
3161:
Liu, Huaqiang; Wei, Zhongbao; He, Weidong; Zhao, Jiyun (October 2017).
2487:
Electrodes", J. Electrochem. Soc. 2013, volume 160, pages A3179-A3197.
2188:
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1937:
1847:
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652:
522:
164:
146:
3037:
2982:
2850:
2833:
2791:
2694:
2667:
2213:
1886:(SEI) formation reaction being accelerated by increasing temperature.
3941:
1669:
1429:
1223:
1200:
1002:{\displaystyle {\ce {LiFe^{II}PO4 <=> Fe^{III}PO4 + Li+ + e-}}}
469:
465:
3211:
792:, are tetrahedral. The three-dimensional framework is formed by the
725:. Many related routes have been described including those that use
648:, and may replace it in a cathode. All may be referred to as âLFPâ.
321:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
2235:
Manthiram, A.; Goodenough, J. B. (1989). "Lithium insertion into Fe
2009:
1233:
of LFP, as well as the lower maximum charge/discharge voltage. The
475:
Lithium iron phosphate exists naturally in the form of the mineral
3926:
1212:
479:, but this material has insufficient purity for use in batteries.
94:
84:
5788:
1822:
with good crystallinity. Conductive carbon is obtained by adding
1229:
LFP batteries have drawbacks, originating from a high electronic
4138:
2060:"Google Looks to Batteries as Replacement for Diesel Generators"
1655:
6884:
5792:
3215:
1651:
6880:
1947:
1945:
244:
InChI=1S/Fe.Li.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+2;+1;/p-3
234:
InChI=1S/Fe.Li.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+2;+1;/p-3
1541:
194:
2036:"New Energy Storage Startup to Take Hawaii Homes Off-Grid"
1443:
The first major large settlement was the lawsuit between
969:
906:
1692:
Substituting other materials for the iron or lithium in
1277:
There are 4 groups of patents on LFP battery materials:
1778:
may be synthesized by a variety of methods, including:
780:, with the Fe ion at the center. The phosphate groups,
339:
1986:
1984:
1498:
of NTT is different from the materials covered by UT.
1176:, long cycle life and stability at high temperatures.
930:
884:
651:
Manganese, phosphate, iron, and lithium also form an
408:, solar energy installations and more recently large
6862:
6831:
6810:
6722:
6487:
6452:
6431:
6323:
6004:
5984:
5948:
5932:
5861:
5826:
5668:
5602:
5304:
4823:
3249:
1168:LFP cells have an operating voltage of 3.3 V,
1077:octahedra are separated by the oxygen atoms of the
3162:
3107:
3060:
2964:
2378:JugoviÄ, Dragana; UskokoviÄ, Dragan (2009-05-15).
2145:
1001:
839:In contrast to two traditional cathode materials,
561:is informally called âlithium iron phosphateâ or â
2641:"NTT Settles Lawsuit over Li-ion Battery Patents"
938:
937:
920:
919:
400:. This battery chemistry is targeted for use in
1716:because zinc and iron have similar ionic radii.
1203:). Up to now, the system still operates safely.
176:
4838:Hemolithin (extraterrestrial protein)
3106:Petzl, Mathias; Danzer, Michael A. (May 2014).
2567:"What You Need To Know About LiFePO4 Batteries"
70:
2966:"Thermal Stability of LiFePO4 -Based Cathodes"
1297:French National Center for Scientific Research
1115:ions to migrate within. For this reason, the
808:, this structure is thought to belong to the P
6896:
5804:
3227:
2158:(24). The Royal Society of Chemistry: 11964.
8:
2296:frameworks: Comparison of M = W with M = Mo"
1798:process, hydrothermal synthesis, ultrasonic
6903:
6889:
6881:
6719:
6320:
5945:
5811:
5797:
5789:
3234:
3220:
3212:
209:
136:
114:
15:
3027:
2849:
2529:
2460:
2319:
2282:Manthiram, A.; Goodenough, J. B. (1987).
2117:
2099:
2018:
2008:
1407:United States Patent and Trademark Office
992:
979:
968:
963:
953:
939:
932:
931:
929:
921:
914:
912:
911:
909:
905:
900:
890:
885:
883:
764:The iron atom and 6 oxygen atoms form an
6820:
5778:Environmentally friendly red light flare
3527:
3523:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3419:
1420:hearing, on April 27, 2011, the Western
1412:In a parallel court proceeding, UT sued
1376:as the cathode infringed their patents,
1089:tetrahedra and cannot form a continuous
2971:Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters
2838:Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters
2585:Power Sonic - Trusted Battery Solutions
2555:, Nov 15, 2015, retrieved April 1, 2020
2426:
2424:
1925:
913:
269:
230:
205:
6944:
5681:Heteroatom-promoted lateral lithiation
3008:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
2780:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
2683:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
2449:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
127:
7663:
2600:"Especialidades quĂmicas da Clariant"
1405:Reexamination Proceedings before the
251:Key: GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K
237:Key: GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K
7:
6921:
636:have the same crystal structures as
2656:The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
2368:Nature Materials, 2008, 7, 707-711.
1991:Chung, Hsien-Ching (13 June 2024).
167:
1650:with an inorganic coating such as
1540:As of 2020, an organization named
832:= 4.693 Ă
. The volume of the
49:iron(2+) lithium phosphate (1:1:1)
14:
2504:Chung, Hsien-Ching (2021-07-02).
497:With general chemical formula of
3169:Energy Conversion and Management
2581:"Lead Acid Vs LiFePO4 Batteries"
2565:Warren, Chris (March 12, 2016).
2300:Journal of Solid State Chemistry
1101:network, reducing conductivity.
733:Physical and chemical properties
394:lithium iron phosphate batteries
329:
31:
22:
2807:Electrochemistry Communications
1838:. In flame spray pyrolysis FePO
674:class of cathode materials for
325:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3189:10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.016
3134:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.060
3079:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.10.063
2950:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.047
2914:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.015
2765:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.033
2730:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.05.048
2407:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.074
2152:Journal of Materials Chemistry
1905:Lithium iron phosphate battery
1164:lithium iron phosphate battery
940:
915:
766:octahedral coordination sphere
702:and insertion of lithium into
1:
5768:Magnesiumâlithium alloys
1965:10.1088/978-0-7503-4685-6ch16
1790:, electrochemical synthesis,
1283:University of Texas at Austin
1199:(the highest alpine lodge in
452:), and lithium nickel oxide (
2879:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.02.080
2819:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.11.016
2321:10.1016/0022-4596(87)90242-8
2269:10.1016/0378-7753(89)80153-3
1786:, solution coprecipitation,
1448:general chemical formula of
1264:batteries are comparable to
1251:nickelâmetal hydride battery
1237:is significantly lower than
431:), lithium manganese oxide (
5437:Lithiophilite LiMnPO
2034:Ozawa, Ryan (7 July 2015).
1884:solid electrolyte interface
1766:Similar to lithium oxides,
1012:Extraction of lithium from
7928:
7665:
2522:10.1038/s41597-021-00954-3
2284:"Lithium insertion into Fe
2101:10.1038/s41467-020-15244-6
1266:sealed lead acid batteries
1249:(although higher than the
1161:
1036:with a similar structure.
6946:
6918:
6723:Organoiron(III) compounds
5537:Spodumene LiAl(SiO
5447:Lithiophosphate Li
5367:Eucryptite LiAlSiO
2020:10.3390/batteries10060202
1521:has higher capacity than
1435:On December 9, 2008, the
1217:nickel-hydrogen batteries
410:grid-scale energy storage
319:
280:
260:
221:
54:
44:
39:
30:
21:
6324:Organoiron(II) compounds
5676:Aluminiumâlithium alloys
5566:Triphylite LiFePO
5500:Pezzottaite Cs(Be
3114:Journal of Power Sources
3067:Journal of Power Sources
3029:10.1149/1945-7111/abae37
2930:Journal of Power Sources
2894:Journal of Power Sources
2745:Journal of Power Sources
2710:Journal of Power Sources
2387:Journal of Power Sources
2249:Journal of Power Sources
1172:of 170 mAh/g, high
1142:and the delithiation of
5392:Jadarite LiNaSiB
1422:District Court of Texas
368:lithium ferro-phosphate
17:Lithium iron phosphate
7910:Rechargeable batteries
5486:Petalite LiAlSi
5407:Keatite Li(AlSi
4843:Organolithium reagents
2144:Kim, Jongsoon (2012).
1870:Effects of temperature
1788:vapor-phase deposition
1437:European Patent Office
1293:Université de Montréal
1003:
727:hydrothermal synthesis
659:History and production
468:are generally made of
364:Lithium iron phosphate
2598:Basel, Clariant Ltd.
2080:Nature Communications
1780:solid-phase synthesis
1638:capacity. Similarly,
1535:intellectual property
1273:Intellectual property
1004:
828:= 10.334 Ă
, and
676:lithium ion batteries
670:first identified the
549:, the whole group of
315:157.757
6870:Hemolithin (protein)
5576:Zabuyelite Li
1892:coulombic efficiency
1333:The main feature of
882:
816:crystal system. The
417:lithium cobalt oxide
3181:2017ECM...150..304L
3126:2014JPS...254...80P
3020:2020JElS..167l0532P
2942:2012JPS...216...76H
2906:2004JPS...133..272C
2757:2006JPS...153..274D
2722:2004JPS...137...93K
2587:. 25 February 2020.
2493:10.1149/2.029305jes
2462:10.1149/2.023305jes
2399:2009JPS...190..538J
2312:1987JSSCh..71..349M
2261:1989JPS....26..403M
2092:2020NatCo..11.1484F
2062:. 16 December 2020.
1824:polyethylene glycol
1782:, emulsion drying,
1759:Synthesis processes
1302:The key feature of
971:
926:
908:
812:space group of the
716:Neutron diffraction
714:was demonstrated.
509:, compounds in the
18:
7900:Iron(II) compounds
5696:Lithium medication
5354:Fluor-liddicoatite
5270: Vinyllithium
2455:(5): A3153âA3161.
2350:, May, 1996, pp 73
2189:10.1039/C4EE04016C
2164:10.1039/C2JM30733B
1959:. IOP Publishing.
1938:10.1039/c0ee00559b
1915:Valence Technology
1718:Cyclic voltammetry
1688:Metal substitution
1414:Valence Technology
1117:ionic conductivity
999:
959:
945:
896:
863:, lithium ions of
668:John B. Goodenough
664:Arumugam Manthiram
376:inorganic compound
352:Infobox references
16:
7895:Lithium compounds
7882:
7881:
7876:
7875:
6878:
6877:
6806:
6805:
6427:
6426:
5980:
5979:
5786:
5785:
3243:Lithium compounds
2983:10.1149/1.1390960
2873:(18): 2361â2365.
2867:Materials Letters
2851:10.1149/1.1449302
2792:10.1149/1.2828039
2695:10.1149/1.1833316
2668:10.1021/jp036361t
2662:(22): 7046â7051.
2214:10.1021/cr3001862
1974:978-0-7503-4685-6
1850:and charged with
1844:lithium carbonate
1065:'s corner-shared
991:
978:
962:
956:
952:
947:
899:
893:
889:
836:is 291.4 Ă
.
818:lattice constants
653:olivine structure
521:family adopt the
406:electric vehicles
378:with the formula
360:Chemical compound
358:
357:
190:CompTox Dashboard
96:Interactive image
7917:
6922:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6882:
6823:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6788:
6787:
6779:
6778:
6720:
6321:
5946:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5790:
5758:Lithium Triangle
5669:Other Li-related
5584:
5570:
5545:
5516:
5494:
5465:Manganoneptunite
5455:
5441:
5416:
5401:
5371:
5349:Fluorine Elbaite
5296:
5294:
5293:
5285:
5284:
5271:
5256:
5241:
5227:
5216:
5198:
5176:
5162:
5147:
5125:
5110:
5096:
5085:
5070:
5055:
5037:
5022:
5007:
4989:
4970:
4952:
4937:
4915:
4901:
4879:
4861:
4803:
4738:
4723:
4705:
4261:
4168:
3937:
3853:
3780:
3577:
3553:
3530:
3516:
3502:
3488:
3462:
3448:
3422:
3344:
3314:
3304:
3278:
3258:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3166:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3111:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3073:(4): 2109â2114.
3064:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3031:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2786:(3): A211âA216.
2775:
2769:
2768:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2501:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2384:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2255:(3â4): 403â408.
2232:
2226:
2225:
2208:(8): 6552â6591.
2202:Chemical Reviews
2197:
2191:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2121:
2103:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2012:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1949:
1940:
1930:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1197:Mt.Jade (Yushan)
1153:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:
996:
989:
984:
983:
976:
970:
967:
960:
958:
957:
954:
950:
948:
946:
944:
943:
936:
928:
927:
925:
918:
910:
907:
904:
897:
895:
894:
891:
887:
874:
873:
872:
862:
861:
860:
850:
849:
848:
824:= 6.008 Ă
,
803:
802:
801:
791:
790:
789:
779:
778:
777:
760:
759:
758:
748:
747:
746:
713:
712:
711:
701:
700:
699:
689:
688:
687:
647:
646:
645:
635:
633:
632:
619:
618:
617:
609:
608:
595:
594:
593:
585:
584:
572:
571:
570:
560:
559:
558:
548:
547:
546:
536:
535:
534:
520:
519:
518:
508:
507:
506:
493:
492:
491:
463:
462:
461:
451:
450:
449:
441:
440:
430:
429:
428:
390:
389:
388:
342:
336:
333:
332:
304:
302:
301:
288:Chemical formula
214:
213:
198:
196:
180:
169:
148:
140:
129:
118:
98:
74:
35:
26:
19:
7927:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7877:
7853:
7845:
7837:
7826:
7822:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7795:
7782:
7774:
7766:
7758:
7750:
7742:
7734:
7726:
7718:
7710:
7702:
7694:
7686:
7678:
7590:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7566:
7562:
7551:
7522:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7495:
7491:
7472:
7467:
7465:
7454:
7446:
7442:
7438:
7430:
7426:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7384:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7358:
7354:
7327:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7255:
7250:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7232:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7209:
7201:
7190:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7164:
7160:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7120:
7118:
7104:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7080:
7076:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6980:
6975:
6973:
6962:
6958:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6929:
6914:
6909:
6879:
6874:
6858:
6854:
6846:
6842:
6827:
6822:
6818:
6802:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6718:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6693:
6689:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6665:
6661:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6637:
6633:
6625:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6589:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6569:
6547:
6539:
6535:
6522:
6514:
6506:
6498:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6467:
6463:
6448:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6271:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6231:
6227:
6219:
6211:
6203:
6195:
6191:
6183:
6179:
6171:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6135:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6084:
6071:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6035:
6027:
6023:
6015:
6000:
5995:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5944:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5884:
5880:
5872:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5822:
5817:
5787:
5782:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5645:
5637:
5619:
5615:
5598:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5565:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5436:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5370:
5366:
5339:Darrellhenryite
5300:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4855:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4783:Neodymium-doped
4778:
4770:
4766:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4659:
4651:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4594:
4586:
4582:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4553:
4544:
4531:
4527:
4519:
4515:
4506:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4454:
4446:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4422:
4418:
4410:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4386:
4377:
4364:
4360:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4322:
4318:
4310:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4238:
4229:
4221:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4180:
4176:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4134:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3936:
3932:
3921:
3917:
3908:
3899:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3713:
3709:
3700:
3692:
3683:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3254:
3245:
3240:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3089:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2510:Scientific Data
2503:
2502:
2498:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2166:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2028:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1901:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1804:spray pyrolysis
1784:sol-gel process
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1275:
1263:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1209:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1013:
988:
975:
949:
886:
880:
879:
871:
868:
867:
866:
864:
859:
856:
855:
854:
852:
847:
844:
843:
842:
840:
811:
806:crystallography
800:
797:
796:
795:
793:
788:
785:
784:
783:
781:
776:
773:
772:
771:
769:
768:, described as
757:
754:
753:
752:
750:
745:
742:
741:
740:
738:
735:
723:phosphoric acid
710:
707:
706:
705:
703:
698:
695:
694:
693:
691:
686:
683:
682:
681:
679:
661:
644:
641:
640:
639:
637:
631:
625:
624:
623:
621:
616:
613:
612:
611:
607:
601:
600:
599:
597:
592:
589:
588:
587:
583:
578:
577:
576:
574:
569:
566:
565:
564:
562:
557:
554:
553:
552:
550:
545:
542:
541:
540:
538:
533:
530:
529:
528:
526:
517:
514:
513:
512:
510:
505:
502:
501:
500:
498:
495:
490:
487:
486:
485:
483:
460:
457:
456:
455:
453:
448:
445:
444:
443:
439:
436:
435:
434:
432:
427:
424:
423:
422:
420:
387:
384:
383:
382:
380:
361:
354:
349:
348:
347: ?)
338:
334:
330:
326:
300:
297:
296:
295:
293:
290:
276:
273:
268:
267:
256:
253:
252:
246:
245:
239:
238:
235:
229:
228:
217:
199:
192:
183:
170:
158:
121:
101:
88:
77:
64:
50:
12:
11:
5:
7925:
7924:
7921:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7887:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7874:
7873:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7484:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7474:
7470:
7463:
7459:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7411:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7340:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7151:
7147:
7140:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7067:
7063:
7056:
7052:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7038:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7012:
7008:
7004:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6982:
6978:
6971:
6967:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6931:
6927:
6920:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6885:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6866:
6864:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6800:
6793:
6784:
6775:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6726:
6724:
6717:
6716:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6558:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6325:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6006:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5953:
5943:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5820:Iron compounds
5818:
5816:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5793:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5763:Lucifer yellow
5760:
5755:
5750:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5708:
5702:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5608:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5329:Cryolithionite
5326:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5290:
5281:
5273:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4991:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4848:Gilman reagent
4840:
4834:
4832:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3518:
3504:
3490:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3208:
3153:
3098:
3051:
3014:(12): 120532.
2994:
2955:
2919:
2900:(2): 272â276.
2884:
2857:
2844:(3): A47âA50.
2824:
2813:(1): 165â169.
2797:
2770:
2751:(2): 274â280.
2735:
2700:
2673:
2646:
2632:
2618:
2609:
2590:
2572:
2557:
2545:
2496:
2481:
2468:
2439:
2420:
2393:(2): 538â544.
2370:
2361:
2352:
2340:
2327:
2306:(2): 349â360.
2293:
2289:
2285:
2274:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2192:
2176:
2136:
2065:
2051:
2026:
1980:
1973:
1941:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1871:
1868:
1860:
1842:is mixed with
1839:
1832:
1816:
1772:
1760:
1757:
1749:
1738:
1726:
1720:confirms that
1710:
1698:
1689:
1686:
1678:
1661:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1600:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1527:
1515:
1504:
1492:
1481:
1465:
1454:
1370:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1339:
1331:
1320:
1308:
1300:
1286:
1274:
1271:
1261:
1243:
1235:energy density
1208:
1205:
1170:charge density
1159:
1156:
1148:
1136:
1125:
1110:
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1049:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1010:
1009:
995:
987:
982:
974:
966:
942:
935:
924:
917:
903:
869:
857:
845:
809:
798:
786:
774:
755:
743:
734:
731:
708:
696:
684:
660:
657:
642:
626:
614:
602:
590:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
515:
503:
494:
488:
481:
458:
446:
437:
425:
398:Li-ion battery
385:
359:
356:
355:
350:
328:
327:
323:standard state
320:
317:
316:
313:
307:
306:
298:
291:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
275:
274:
271:
263:
262:
261:
258:
257:
255:
254:
250:
249:
247:
243:
242:
240:
236:
233:
232:
224:
223:
222:
219:
218:
216:
215:
207:DTXSID20571409
202:
200:
188:
185:
184:
182:
181:
173:
171:
163:
160:
159:
157:
156:
152:
150:
142:
141:
131:
123:
122:
120:
119:
111:
109:
103:
102:
100:
99:
91:
89:
82:
79:
78:
76:
75:
67:
65:
60:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7923:
7922:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7871:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7848:
7846:
7840:
7838:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7798:
7796:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7783:
7777:
7775:
7769:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7753:
7751:
7745:
7743:
7737:
7735:
7729:
7727:
7721:
7719:
7713:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7695:
7689:
7687:
7681:
7679:
7673:
7670:
7669:
7662:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7585:
7583:
7569:
7567:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7498:
7496:
7486:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7466:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7433:
7431:
7421:
7418:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7387:
7385:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7361:
7359:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7322:
7320:
7306:
7304:
7290:
7288:
7274:
7272:
7258:
7256:
7249:
7235:
7233:
7226:
7212:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7167:
7165:
7154:
7143:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7099:
7097:
7083:
7081:
7070:
7059:
7049:
7048:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7030:
7015:
7000:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6974:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6924:
6923:
6917:
6913:
6906:
6901:
6899:
6894:
6892:
6887:
6886:
6883:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6847:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6830:
6824:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6799:
6768:
6766:
6748:
6746:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6696:
6694:
6684:
6682:
6668:
6666:
6656:
6654:
6640:
6638:
6628:
6626:
6608:
6606:
6592:
6590:
6572:
6570:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6480:
6470:
6468:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6420:
6406:
6404:
6390:
6388:
6362:
6360:
6345:
6343:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6322:
6316:
6306:
6304:
6290:
6288:
6274:
6272:
6254:
6252:
6234:
6232:
6222:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6206:
6204:
6198:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6174:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6150:
6148:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6066:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6018:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5974:
5956:
5954:
5952:(I) compounds
5951:
5947:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5925:
5899:
5897:
5887:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5844:
5842:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5814:
5809:
5807:
5802:
5800:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5648:
5646:
5640:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5573:
5571:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5497:
5495:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5444:
5442:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5404:
5402:
5389:
5387:
5386:Hsianghualite
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5274:
5272:
5259:
5257:
5244:
5242:
5230:
5228:
5219:
5217:
5201:
5199:
5179:
5177:
5165:
5163:
5150:
5148:
5128:
5126:
5113:
5111:
5099:
5097:
5088:
5086:
5073:
5071:
5058:
5056:
5040:
5038:
5025:
5023:
5010:
5008:
4992:
4990:
4973:
4971:
4955:
4953:
4940:
4938:
4918:
4916:
4904:
4902:
4882:
4880:
4864:
4862:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4741:
4739:
4726:
4724:
4708:
4706:
4690:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4637:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4613:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4560:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4482:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4449:
4447:
4437:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4264:
4262:
4249:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4183:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4157:
4155:
4137:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3977:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3912:
3910:
3903:
3901:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3856:
3854:
3837:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3751:
3749:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3704:
3702:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3674:
3672:
3658:
3656:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3533:
3531:
3519:
3517:
3505:
3503:
3491:
3489:
3481:
3479:
3465:
3463:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3413:
3399:
3397:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3307:
3305:
3281:
3279:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3154:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3099:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2995:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
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2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:frameworks".
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1825:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:irradiation,
1793:
1792:electron beam
1789:
1785:
1781:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1741:
1730:
1719:
1687:
1685:
1671:
1667:
1653:
1609:
1607:
1553:Power density
1552:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1507:
1484:
1474:
1457:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1380:
1362:
1332:
1329:
1312:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:power density
1171:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1118:
1102:
993:
985:
980:
972:
964:
933:
922:
901:
878:
877:
876:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
807:
767:
762:
732:
730:
728:
724:
719:
717:
677:
673:
669:
665:
658:
656:
654:
649:
630:
606:
582:
524:
482:
480:
478:
473:
471:
467:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
377:
373:
369:
365:
353:
346:
341:
324:
318:
314:
312:
309:
308:
292:
289:
285:
284:
279:
270:
266:
259:
248:
241:
231:
227:
220:
212:
208:
204:
203:
201:
191:
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
172:
166:
162:
161:
154:
153:
151:
149:
144:
143:
139:
135:
132:
130:
128:ECHA InfoCard
125:
124:
117:
113:
112:
110:
108:
105:
104:
97:
93:
92:
90:
86:
81:
80:
73:
69:
68:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
25:
20:
5753:Lithium soap
5741:
5735:
5729:
5715:
5709:
5703:
5691:Lithium atom
5604:Hypothetical
5319:Berezanskite
3931:
3200:. Retrieved
3172:
3168:
3156:
3145:. Retrieved
3117:
3113:
3101:
3090:. Retrieved
3070:
3066:
3054:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2986:. Retrieved
2977:(2): 66â68.
2974:
2970:
2958:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2716:(1): 93â99.
2713:
2709:
2703:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2635:
2621:
2612:
2604:Clariant Ltd
2603:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2560:
2548:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2471:
2452:
2448:
2390:
2386:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2347:
2330:
2303:
2299:
2277:
2252:
2248:
2230:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2179:
2167:. Retrieved
2155:
2151:
2139:
2131:
2083:
2079:
2068:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2000:
1996:
1955:
1928:
1910:A123 Systems
1888:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1852:electrolytes
1808:
1765:
1762:
1739:
1728:
1691:
1613:
1556:
1539:
1505:
1482:
1455:
1442:
1434:
1418:
1411:
1400:
1363:
1360:
1328:A123 Systems
1310:
1289:Hydro-Québec
1276:
1259:
1255:
1228:
1221:
1210:
1193:Paiyun Lodge
1190:
1182:
1178:
1167:
1158:Applications
1103:
1011:
838:
829:
825:
821:
814:orthorhombic
763:
736:
720:
662:
650:
628:
604:
580:
496:
474:
414:
396:, a type of
379:
371:
367:
363:
362:
55:Identifiers
5594:Zinnwaldite
5460:Manandonite
5426:Lavinskyite
5334:Darapiosite
5324:Brannockite
5314:Amblygonite
3639:CH(OH)COOLi
3175:: 304â330.
2689:(1): A191.
2433:"Review of
2086:(1): 1484.
2040:Hawaii Blog
1473:BYD Company
1231:resistivity
402:power tools
281:Properties
134:100.124.705
7905:Phosphates
7889:Categories
6912:Phosphates
6453:Fe(II,III)
5950:Organoiron
5642:(HeO)(LiF)
5589:Zektzerite
5560:Tourmaline
5531:Sogdianite
5521:Rossmanite
5431:Lepidolite
5376:Faizievite
5361:Emeleusite
3202:2021-11-18
3147:2021-11-18
3092:2021-11-18
2988:2021-11-18
2516:(1): 165.
2045:2015-07-09
2010:2405.04225
2003:(6): 202.
1921:References
1426:Goodenough
1390:US 6514640
1379:US 5910382
1207:Comparison
1162:See also:
1048:adopts a P
477:triphylite
311:Molar mass
107:ChemSpider
83:3D model (
72:15365-14-7
62:CAS Number
46:IUPAC name
6863:Purported
6432:Fe(0,III)
5686:LB buffer
5555:Tiptopite
5526:Saliotite
5475:Neptunite
5470:Nambulite
5381:Hectorite
3251:Inorganic
3197:0196-8904
3142:0378-7753
3120:: 80â87.
3087:0378-7753
3046:225506214
2936:: 76â83.
2415:0378-7753
2110:2041-1723
1997:Batteries
1800:pyrolysis
1796:microwave
1610:Stability
1024:produces
994:−
941:⇀
934:−
923:−
916:↽
834:unit cell
672:polyanion
272:..P()()=O
155:604-917-2
147:EC Number
6762:â
xFeâ
yNH
6544:Fe(acac)
5985:Fe(0,II)
5550:Sugilite
5480:Olympite
5306:Minerals
4907:LiN(SiMe
2540:34215731
2222:23742145
2132:LiTiPO4F
2128:32198379
1899:See also
1548:Research
1542:LifePO+C
1403:ex parte
1295:and the
470:graphite
374:) is an
178:15320824
116:10752170
7666:
6561:FeO(OH)
6488:Fe(III)
5827:Fe(-II)
5773:NASICON
5421:Kunzite
5344:Elbaite
5233:LiOC(CH
4827: (
4825:Organic
3572:LiBr·2H
3177:Bibcode
3122:Bibcode
3038:1650174
3016:Bibcode
2938:Bibcode
2902:Bibcode
2753:Bibcode
2718:Bibcode
2531:8253776
2395:Bibcode
2308:Bibcode
2257:Bibcode
2119:7083823
2088:Bibcode
1848:glucose
523:olivine
464:). The
345:what is
343: (
305:
165:PubChem
6832:Fe(VI)
6811:Fe(IV)
6416:Fe(CO)
6400:Fe(CO)
6081:Fe(OH)
6048:Fe(ClO
6005:Fe(II)
5901:Fe(CO)
5869:Fe(CO)
5850:Fe(CO)
5838:Fe(CO)
5629:LiFHeO
5047:CHLiCH
4299:LiNaNO
3942:FLiNaK
3933:LiFePO
3775:LiCl·H
3274:LiAlCl
3256:(list)
3253:
3195:
3140:
3085:
3044:
3036:
2538:
2528:
2477:LiFePO
2435:LiFePO
2413:
2336:LiFePO
2220:
2169:19 Oct
2126:
2116:
2108:
1971:
1856:LiFePO
1670:Mitsui
1430:cobalt
1395:
1384:
1366:LiFePO
1347:LiFePO
1260:LiFePO
1224:cobalt
1201:Taiwan
1144:LiFePO
1014:LiFePO
739:LiFePO
692:LiFePO
680:LiFePO
622:LiFePO
620:, and
563:LiFePO
539:LiFePO
537:was C/
511:LiFePO
466:anodes
381:LiFePO
340:verify
337:
265:SMILES
40:Names
6851:BaFeO
6702:Fe(SO
6552:FeOCl
6532:Fe(NO
6355:)(CO)
6208:FeTiO
6200:FeMoO
6176:Fe(BF
6140:Fe(NO
6132:FeSeO
6110:Fe(SO
5966:FeCO)
5933:Fe(I)
5862:Fe(0)
5651:2/3-x
5624:HLiHe
5504:Li)Al
4958:LiN(C
4860:COOLi
4829:soaps
4631:LiTaO
4493:LiSCN
4307:LiNbO
4080:LiHSO
4072:LiHSO
4024:LiHCO
3947:LiGaH
3927:FLiBe
3874:CsLiB
3819:LiCoO
3811:LiClO
3803:LiClO
3795:LiClO
3785:LiClO
3736:LiCNO
3689:LiCHO
3676:Li(CH
3603:LiBrO
3595:LiBrO
3587:LiBrO
3582:LiBrO
3558:LiBSi
3484:LiAsF
3401:LiB(C
3385:LiB(C
3354:LiAsF
3319:LiAlO
3310:LiAlH
3042:S2CID
2383:(PDF)
2005:arXiv
1828:LiMPO
1812:LiMPO
1768:LiMPO
1706:LiMPO
1694:LiMPO
1674:LiMPO
1640:LiMPO
1628:LiCoO
1616:LiCoO
1596:LiMPO
1583:LiMPO
1571:LiMPO
1523:LiMPO
1335:LiMPO
1326:from
1316:MFePO
1239:LiCoO
1213:oxide
1055:LiMPO
865:LiMPO
853:LiCoO
841:LiMnO
820:are:
638:LiMPO
610:MFePO
551:LiMPO
527:LiMPO
499:LiMPO
484:LiMPO
454:LiNiO
421:LiCoO
294:FeLiO
226:InChI
85:JSmol
7850:CmPO
7842:AmPO
7834:PuPO
7819:U(PO
7792:AcPO
7779:YbPO
7771:TmPO
7763:ErPO
7755:HoPO
7747:DyPO
7739:TbPO
7731:GdPO
7723:EuPO
7715:SmPO
7707:PmPO
7699:NdPO
7691:PrPO
7683:CePO
7675:LaPO
7587:BiPO
7548:AuPO
7519:LuPO
7469:-SbO
7462:SbPO
7451:InPO
7324:GaPO
7252:FePO
7229:MnPO
7206:CrPO
7187:ScPO
7101:AlPO
6730:Fe(C
6710:·12H
6686:Fe(N
6646:(SeO
6598:(CrO
6566:FePO
6511:FeCl
6503:FeBr
6444:FeGe
6439:FeSi
6364:Fe(C
6347:Fe(C
6331:Fe(C
6312:(CO)
6256:Fe(C
6236:Fe(C
6216:FeCO
6188:FeCr
6168:FeSi
6127:FeSe
6094:FeSO
6060:FeBr
6040:FeCl
5970:(CO)
5893:(CO)
5881:(CO)
5727:LiNi
5701:LiNi
5634:LiHe
5222:LiEt
5186:C(CH
4875:LiNO
4791:LiZr
4775:LiYF
4729:LiVO
4711:LiTi
4648:LiTe
4574:LiSi
4503:LiSO
4498:LiSH
4383:LiPF
4369:LiOH
4291:NaPO
4282:LiNa
4252:LiNO
4243:LiNO
4235:LiNO
4218:LiNH
4160:LiMn
4119:LiIO
4111:LiIO
4103:LiIO
4098:LiIO
4088:LiHe
4036:H(CO
4016:HAsO
3979:LiGe
3790:LiFO
3769:LiCl
3719:LiCN
3697:LiCH
3623:LiCF
3566:LiBr
3444:LiBO
3435:LiBH
3427:LiBF
3418:LiWF
3374:LiAt
3349:LiAs
3328:LiAl
3193:ISSN
3138:ISSN
3083:ISSN
3034:OSTI
2536:PMID
2411:ISSN
2348:96-1
2218:PMID
2171:2012
2124:PMID
2106:ISSN
1969:ISBN
1846:and
1802:and
1722:LiFe
1654:and
1559:FePO
1387:and
1281:The
1132:FePO
1038:FePO
1026:FePO
888:LiFe
851:and
751:FePO
704:FePO
666:and
433:LiMn
7872:No
7869:Md
7866:Fm
7863:Es
7860:Cf
7857:Bk
7830:Np
7815:Pa
7804:(PO
7788:**
7659:Og
7656:Ts
7653:Lv
7650:Mc
7647:Fl
7644:Nh
7641:Cn
7638:Rg
7635:Ds
7632:Mt
7629:Hs
7626:Bh
7623:Sg
7620:Db
7617:Rf
7614:Lr
7611:**
7608:Ra
7605:Fr
7600:Rn
7597:At
7594:Po
7575:(PO
7555:Hg
7544:Pt
7541:Ir
7538:Os
7535:Re
7529:Ta
7526:Hf
7504:(PO
7482:Xe
7476:Te
7458:Sn
7439:(PO
7419:Pd
7416:Rh
7413:Ru
7410:Tc
7407:Mo
7404:Nb
7393:(PO
7381:YPO
7367:(PO
7345:Kr
7342:Br
7338:-Se
7334:As
7331:Ge
7312:(PO
7296:(PO
7280:(PO
7264:(PO
7241:(PO
7218:(PO
7198:VPO
7194:Ti
7173:(PO
7150:HPO
7129:Ar
7126:Cl
7115:+SO
7108:Si
7089:(PO
7073:NaH
7066:HPO
7045:Ne
7011:HPO
7003:(NH
6988:(NH
6977:+BO
6970:BPO
6966:Be
6949:He
6843:FeO
6819:FeF
6789:FeO
6785:105
6674:(SO
6527:FeP
6519:FeF
6495:FeI
6372:P(C
6308:FeI
6292:FeC
6276:FeC
6224:FeC
6156:(PO
6118:·6H
6102:(NH
6089:FeS
6076:FeO
6068:FeI
6032:FeF
6024:FeH
6012:FeH
5940:FeH
5909:COC
5657:TiO
5295:COO
5277:LiC
5262:LiC
5255:LiN
5212:LiO
5182:LiO
5168:LiC
5139:LiN
5102:LiC
5084:BLi
5069:CLi
5061:(CH
5003:LiO
4988:PLi
4885:LiC
4812:ZrO
4795:(PO
4751:(PO
4733:·2H
4715:(PO
4684:TiO
4672:TeO
4660:TeO
4607:SiO
4595:SiO
4583:SiF
4566:SeO
4554:SeO
4476:RuO
4464:PtO
4419:HPO
4407:HPO
4340:LiO
4332:LiO
4327:LiO
4319:NbO
4201:LiN
4187:0.9
4177:MoO
4131:IrO
4093:LiI
4060:LiH
4048:LiH
4004:AsO
4000:LiH
3995:LiH
3983:(PO
3971:GeO
3959:GeF
3905:LiF
3891:LiF
3886:LiD
3848:·2H
3844:CrO
3831:CrO
3706:LiC
3660:LiC
3652:ClO
3644:LiC
3548:·5H
3526:ZrF
3512:TiF
3498:SnF
3454:LiB
3366:AsO
3336:(PO
3334:2âx
3330:1+x
3296:(PO
3294:2âx
3286:1+x
3185:doi
3173:150
3130:doi
3118:254
3075:doi
3071:196
3024:doi
3012:167
2979:doi
2946:doi
2934:216
2910:doi
2898:133
2875:doi
2846:doi
2815:doi
2788:doi
2784:155
2761:doi
2749:153
2726:doi
2714:137
2691:doi
2687:152
2664:doi
2660:108
2526:PMC
2518:doi
2489:doi
2457:doi
2453:160
2403:doi
2391:190
2316:doi
2288:(MO
2265:doi
2239:(SO
2210:doi
2206:113
2185:doi
2160:doi
2114:PMC
2096:doi
2015:doi
1961:doi
1934:doi
1657:ZrO
1652:ZnO
1511:MPO
1488:MPO
1461:MPO
1445:NTT
1253:).
1195:on
1185:AES
1119:of
1091:FeO
1067:FeO
1050:mnb
955:III
810:mnb
794:FeO
770:FeO
737:In
586:MPO
372:LFP
366:or
195:EPA
168:CID
7891::
7800:Th
7671:*
7571:Pb
7563:PO
7559:Tl
7532:W
7515:*
7500:Ba
7492:PO
7488:Cs
7479:I
7435:Cd
7427:PO
7423:Ag
7389:Zr
7363:Sr
7355:PO
7351:Rb
7308:Zn
7292:Cu
7276:Ni
7260:Co
7237:Fe
7214:Mn
7169:Ca
7161:PO
7157:KH
7139:PO
7122:-S
7111:P
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