318:
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362:. Males make a short, snore-like call from water during spring and summer. The northern leopard frog breeds in the spring (March–June). Up to 6500 eggs are laid in water, and tadpoles complete development within the breeding pond. Tadpoles are light brown with black spots, and development takes 70–110 days, depending on conditions. Metamorph frogs are 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) long and resemble the adult.
61:
1642:
42:
1654:
333:
The northern leopard frog has several different color variations, with the most common two being the green and the brown morphs, with another morph known as the burnsi morph. Individuals with the burnsi morph coloration lack spots on their backs, but may or may not retain them on their legs. They can
365:
This species was once quite common through parts of western Canada and the United States until declines started occurring during the 1970s. Although the definitive cause of this decline is unknown, habitat loss and fragmentation, environmental contaminants, introduced fish, drought, and disease have
357:
Northern leopard frogs have a wide range of habitats. They are found in permanent ponds, swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams throughout forest, open, and urban areas. They normally inhabit water bodies with abundant aquatic vegetation. In the summer, they often abandon ponds and move to grassy
294:
color, with large, dark, circular spots on its back, sides, and legs. Each spot is normally bordered by a lighter ring. A pair of dorsolateral folds starting from the back of the eye runs parallel to each other down the back. These dorsolateral folds are often lighter or occasionally pinkish in
692:
Frost, D.-R.; et al. (2009). "Response to the Point Of View of
Gregory B. Pauly, David M. Hillis, and David C. Cannatella, by the Anuran Subcommittee of the SSRA/HL/ASIH Scientific and Standard English Names List".
1297:
1585:
Yuan, Z.-Y.; Zhou, W.-W.; Chen, X.; Poyarkov, N. A.; Chen, H.-M.; Jang-Liaw, N.-H.; Chou, W.-H.; Iizuka, K.; Min, M.-S.; Kuzmin, S. L.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Cannatella, D. C.; Hillis, D. M.; Che, J. (2016).
2148:
366:
been proposed as mechanisms of decline and are likely preventing species' recovery in many areas. Many populations of northern leopard frogs have not yet recovered from these declines.
547:, where it is endemic to the central cordillera and western Pacific lowlands, although this is most likely an undescribed species. They occupy grasslands, lakeshores, and marshes.
388:
They eat a wide variety of animals, including crickets, flies, worms, and smaller frogs. Using their large mouths, they can even swallow birds and garter snakes. In one case, a
2158:
846:
2022:
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334:
be bright green or brown and have yellow dorsal folds. Albinism also appears in this species, but is very rare. They can also be blue, and this is quite rare also.
1285:
Ankley GT, Tietge JE, DeFoe DL, Jensen KM, Holcombe GW, Durhan EJ, Diamond SA. (1998). "Effects of ultraviolet light and methoprene on survival and development of
1880:
290:
The northern leopard frog is a fairly large species of frog, reaching about 11 cm (4.3 in) in snout-to-vent length. It varies from green to brown in
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2153:
2138:
2009:
1792:
2035:
1831:
2168:
1549:
1436:
1347:
821:
1106:"The number of transmitter molecules in a quantum: An estimate from iontophoretic application of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular synapse"
1053:
Katz, B; Miledi, R (1965). "The
Measurement of Synaptic Delay, and the Time Course of Acetylcholine Release at the Neuromuscular Junction".
1893:
1514:
197:
317:
754:"Spatiotemporal diversification of the true frogs (genus Rana): A historical framework for a widely studied group of model organisms"
2087:
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728:
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1983:
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1473:
85:
1339:
1018:
Lettvin, J.Y.; Maturana, H.R.; McCulloch, W.S.; Pitts, W.H. (1959). "What the Frog's Eye Tells the Frog's Brain".
1885:
1204:"Voltage clamp analysis of acetylcholine produced end-plate current fluctuations at frog neuromuscular junction"
519:) allows for understanding how muscle properties contribute to organismal performance in each of these modes.
2105:
582:
1744:
2163:
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466:
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1906:
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The northern leopard frog has been a preferred species for making discoveries about basic properties of
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1988:
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1934:
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areas and lawns. They are well adapted to cold and can be found above 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
342:
50:
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Hillis & Wilcox (2005), Hillis (2007), Stuart (2008), Pauly et al. (2009), AmphibiaWeb (2016)
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1996:
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Hillis, David M.; Frost, John S.; Wright, David A. (1983). "Phylogeny and
Biogeography of the
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1135:
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951:
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due to the ease of accessibility for investigators in its native range and the ability of the
668:"American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference"
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1849:
1155:"The selective inhibition of delayed potassium currents in nerve by tetraethylammonium ion"
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for several hours. Furthermore, the reliance of the frog on two major modes of locomotion (
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663:
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1359:
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385:. They do not produce distasteful skin secretions and rely on speed to evade predation.
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are dark brown or grey, with light blotches on the underside. The tail is pale tan.
2001:
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Two burnsi morphs, a green morph, and a brown morph of the northern leopard frog
1729:
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1031:
1414:
554:
540:
532:
434:
157:
1430:
Hillis, D. M.; Wilcox, T. P. (2005). "Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (
1607:
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1265:
A Field Guide to
Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America.
770:
753:
446:
267:
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147:
127:
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Northern leopard frogs are preyed upon by many different animals, such as
1955:
1723:
1504:
1139:
536:
491:
117:
1591:): A historical framework for a widely studied group of model organisms"
1379:
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surface is white or pale green. The iris is golden and toes are webbed.
2100:
2014:
1975:
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colour. Also, a pale stripe runs from the nostril, under the eye and
255:
107:
1700:
1474:"Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names"
450:
392:
was recorded as prey of this frog. This species is similar to the
382:
370:
341:
324:
316:
281:
1784:
1254:
Second
Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.
442:
378:
137:
1704:
1472:
Pauly, Greg B.; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C. (2009).
1267:
Third
Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.
621:
619:
617:
389:
329:
Brown morph northern leopard frog in a wood chip pile in Iowa
909:
Frog molecule could provide drug treatment for brain tumors
477:
of this frog has been the source of initial data about the
1280:
922:"Spontaneous subthreshold activity at motor nerve endings"
1587:"Spatiotemporal diversification of the true frogs (genus
866:, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
847:"Rare blue northern leopard frog found in Grant County"
1543:
Stuart, Bryan L (2008). "The phylogenetic problem of
437:(onconase), is in clinical trials as a treatment for
1055:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London. Series B
1945:
1713:
489:The northern leopard frog is a popular species for
449:, has been described as a potential treatment for
1340:"Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life"
1252:A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians.
2149:Fauna of the Great Lakes region (North America)
971:"Quantal components of the end-plate potential"
727:Integrated Taxonomic Information System 2012.
801:
799:
8:
626:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2022).
421:The northern leopard frog produces specific
2159:Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
811:, National Geographic. Retrieved 2015-03-28
1701:
206:
59:
40:
31:
1616:
1606:
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1178:
1129:
994:
945:
893:
779:
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1686:animal diversity, University of Michigan
1311:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
674:. The American Museum of Natural History
429:. Those enzymes are potential drugs for
1519:Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Frösche
613:
1291:Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
878:"Fish and amphibians as bat predators"
1263:Conant, R. and Collins, J.T. (1991).
7:
2106:DCE9A5CD-1CA5-4536-8BF9-8D521F65C595
1696:and the treatment of brain tumours."
1401:Complex: A Biochemical Evaluation".
2129:IUCN Red List least concern species
1323:10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000351
637:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
299:, terminating at the shoulder. The
2154:Fauna of the Eastern United States
1202:Anderson, CR; Stevens, CF (1973).
1104:Kuffler, SW; Yoshikami, D (1975).
527:Northern leopard frogs occur from
485:Muscle physiology and biomechanics
25:
1159:The Journal of General Physiology
969:Del Castillo, J; Katz, B (1954).
752:Yuan, Z.-Y.; et al. (2016).
1652:
1640:
557:
84:
2139:Amphibians of the United States
1309:Complex: Puzzle and Paradigm".
1220:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010410
1122:10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011103
987:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005129
938:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004735
1:
733:Available from: www.itis.gov/
2169:Amphibians described in 1782
1305:(1988). "Systematics of the
433:. One such molecule, called
1570:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016
1457:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007
1368:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001
882:European Journal of Ecology
543:, USA. It is also found in
286:Young northern leopard frog
2195:
1279:AmphibiaWeb, available at
1032:10.1109/JRPROC.1959.287207
1208:The Journal of Physiology
1110:The Journal of Physiology
975:The Journal of Physiology
926:The Journal of Physiology
920:Fatt, P; Katz, B (1952).
406:Lithobates sphenocephalus
214:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1673:Natural Resources Canada
235:, commonly known as the
1665:Northern Leopard Frog (
1415:10.1093/sysbio/32.2.132
1281:http://amphibiaweb.org/
1250:Stebbins, R.C. (1985).
860:Northern Leopard Frog (
822:"Northern Leopard Frog
583:Rio Grande leopard frog
1550:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
1547:(Amphibia: Ranidae)".
1437:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
1348:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.
1338:Hillis, D. M. (2007).
1075:10.1098/rspb.1965.0016
1020:Proceedings of the IRE
806:Northern Leopard Frog
467:neuromuscular junction
354:
330:
322:
287:
35:Northern leopard frog
2075:Paleobiology Database
1907:Paleobiology Database
1899:northern-leopard-frog
1608:10.1093/sysbio/syw055
1171:10.1085/jgp.50.5.1287
895:10.1515/eje-2015-0010
771:10.1093/sysbio/syw055
644:: e.T79079800A3072377
573:Southern leopard frog
465:since the 1950s. The
402:southern leopard frog
345:
328:
320:
285:
254:, native to parts of
237:northern leopard frog
2174:Symbols of Minnesota
2144:Amphibians of Canada
1661:at Wikimedia Commons
1535:, new species). (in
588:Lowland leopard frog
398:Lithobates palustris
360:above mean sea level
338:Ecology and behavior
27:Species of amphibian
1562:2008MolPE..46...49S
1449:2005MolPE..34..299H
1360:2007MolPE..42..331H
1067:1965RSPSB.161..483K
593:Relict leopard frog
578:Plains leopard frog
535:, Canada, south to
51:Conservation status
2179:Symbols of Vermont
1759:Lithobates-pipiens
1745:Lithobates pipiens
1715:Lithobates pipiens
1659:Lithobates pipiens
1647:Lithobates pipiens
1595:Systematic Biology
1493:10.1655/08-031r1.1
1403:Systematic Zoology
1296:(12): 2530-2542. (
876:Mikula, P (2015).
862:Lithobates pipiens
758:Systematic Biology
730:Lithobates pipiens
707:10.1655/09-009R1.1
630:Lithobates pipiens
355:
331:
323:
288:
226:Lithobates pipiens
190:Lithobates pipiens
18:Lithobates pipiens
2116:
2115:
2062:Open Tree of Life
1707:Taxon identifiers
1657:Media related to
1524:Der Naturforscher
1153:Hille, B (1967).
598:American bullfrog
445:tumors. Another,
441:mesothelioma and
222:
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16:(Redirected from
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1645:Data related to
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1515:Schreber JCD von
1511:
1509:
1503:. Archived from
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1378:. Archived from
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1649:at Wikispecies
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1510:on 2011-07-26.
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66:Least Concern
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38:
33:
30:
19:
1947:Rana pipiens
1946:
1714:
1694:Rana pipiens
1693:
1685:
1681:Rana pipiens
1680:
1672:
1667:Rana pipiens
1666:
1598:
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1588:
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1553:
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1533:Rana pipiens
1532:
1531:: 182-193. (
1528:
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1505:the original
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1480:
1440:
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1399:Rana pipiens
1398:
1387:. Retrieved
1380:the original
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1307:Rana pipiens
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1287:Rana pipiens
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885:
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830:. Retrieved
823:
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808:Rana pipiens
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671:
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565:Frogs portal
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262:. It is the
245:leopard frog
236:
232:Rana pipiens
231:
230:
225:
224:
223:
216:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
1971:AmphibiaWeb
1868:NatureServe
1819:iNaturalist
1739:Wikispecies
1692:BBC news: "
1517:. (1782). "
824:Rana pipens
672:Herpetology
648:14 December
381:, and even
278:Description
2134:Lithobates
2123:Categories
1618:2292/43460
1389:2016-07-09
832:2013-10-30
781:2292/43460
678:2013-02-17
609:References
541:New Mexico
533:Hudson Bay
435:ranpirnase
400:) and the
217:L. pipiens
159:Lithobates
1962:Q26830590
1317:: 39–63.
1303:Hillis DM
828:. HerpNet
447:amphinase
268:Minnesota
249:true frog
247:from the
229:formerly
215:Range of
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2028:10195900
1956:Wikidata
1873:2.101454
1730:Q1819586
1724:Wikidata
1627:27288482
1578:18042407
1465:15619443
1376:16997582
1298:abstract
1083:14278409
1005:13175199
956:14946732
790:27288482
715:55147982
666:(2011).
551:See also
537:Kentucky
517:swimming
509:in vitro
492:in vitro
453:tumors.
412:Research
377:, other
375:raccoons
307:Tadpoles
297:tympanum
258:and the
198:Schreber
144:Family:
128:Amphibia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2101:ZooBank
2093:1459636
2015:2427186
1935:1459634
1798:2427185
1785:1019093
1558:Bibcode
1526:, Halle
1445:Bibcode
1423:2413277
1356:Bibcode
1331:2097147
1238:4543940
1229:1350786
1189:6033586
1180:2225709
1131:1348438
1091:8663912
1063:Bibcode
1040:8739509
996:1366292
947:1392564
513:jumping
469:of the
463:neurons
439:pleural
427:oocytes
425:to its
417:Medical
352:Ontario
301:ventral
272:Vermont
241:species
239:, is a
200:, 1782)
154:Genus:
148:Ranidae
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2054:197947
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545:Panama
497:muscle
431:cancer
383:humans
371:snakes
292:dorsal
256:Canada
252:family
2088:WoRMS
2080:53090
2067:14703
2023:IRMNG
2002:78R8G
1930:WoRMS
1922:26109
1912:53090
1857:NAS:
1850:58695
1824:66003
1772:3VHQP
1679:AWD:
1508:(PDF)
1497:S2CID
1477:(PDF)
1419:JSTOR
1383:(PDF)
1343:(PDF)
1327:JSTOR
1087:S2CID
1036:S2CID
711:S2CID
523:Range
451:brain
379:frogs
346:Near
138:Anura
2036:ITIS
2010:GBIF
1989:8702
1984:BOLD
1976:5126
1894:ODNR
1886:8404
1881:NCBI
1845:IUCN
1832:ITIS
1811:2000
1806:GISD
1793:GBIF
1623:PMID
1589:Rana
1574:PMID
1545:Huia
1461:PMID
1434:)".
1432:Rana
1372:PMID
1234:PMID
1185:PMID
1136:PMID
1079:PMID
1001:PMID
952:PMID
786:PMID
650:2022
642:2022
539:and
531:and
515:and
443:lung
270:and
1997:CoL
1780:EoL
1767:CoL
1754:ASW
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