51:, Kansas in October 1865. On October 14 and 18, 1865 the United States and all of the major Plains Indians Tribes signed a treaty on the Little Arkansas River, which became known as the Little Arkansas Treaty. It is notable in that it lasted less than two years, the reservations it created for the Plains Indians were never created at all, and were reduced by 90% eighteen months later in the
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This is one of the shortest treaties in history. None of its major provisions were ever implemented. Both sides charged violations and warfare continued until the
Medicine Lodge treaties of 1867. There is a monument one mile west of the Little Arkansas River, on the Council Grounds, in Kansas,
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Among the Native
American Leaders in attendance were Chiefs Black Kettle and Seven Bulls (Cheyenne), Little Raven and Big Mouth (Comanche), Poor Bear, Old Fool Man, and Crow (Apache), Little Raven, and Storm, (Arapaho), Satanta and Satank (Kiowa). Federal commissioners with great prestige and
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of Black Kettle's band. Treaties made here gave the
Indians reservations south of the Arkansas, excluded them north to the Platte and proclaimed peace. Several white captives were released, among them a woman and four children from Texas, the Box family, taken by a war party under Satanta.
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The Civil War was ending, and the Union did not want to have to keep hundreds of thousands of men under arms to defend immigrants against Indian attacks. Therefore the government sent highly respected
Commissioners to the Plains Tribes, and asked them to meet and talk peace.
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The white representatives wanted peace, unmolested traffic on the Santa Fe trail and limitation of Indian territory. The
Indians demanded unrestricted hunting grounds and reparation for the
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Tab-e-nan-i-kah, or Rising Sun, chief of
Yampirica, or Root Eater band of Camanches, for Paddy-*Wah-say-mer and Ho-to-yo-koh-wat's bands, his x mark.
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A-sha-hab-beet, or Milky Way, chief Penne-taha, or Sugar Eater band of
Camanches, and for Co-che-te-ka, or Buffalo Eater band, his x mark.
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Pocha-naw-quoip, or
Buffalo Hump, third chief of Pennetaka, or Sugar Eater band of Camanches, his x mark.
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Settem-ka-yah, or Bear Runs over a Man, (also reported as *Sa-tim-gear, or
Stumbling Bear) his x mark.
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Ta-ha-yer-quoip, or Horse's Back, second chief of No-co-nee or Go-about band of
Camanches, his x mark.
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Bo-wah-quas-suh, or Iron Shirt, chief of De-na-vi band, or Liver Eater band of Camanches, his x mark.
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Queen-ah-e-vah, or Eagle Drinking, head chief of No-co-nee or Go-about band of Camanches, his x mark.
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standing among the Indians were General Harney, Colonel Leavenworth, Kit Carson and William Bent.
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359:"The Avalon Project : Treaty with the Apache, Cheyenne, and Arapaho; October 17, 1865"
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Bo-yah-wah-to-yeh-be, or Iron Mountain, chief of Yampirica band of Camanches, his x mark.
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Esh-e-tave-pa-rah, or Female Infant, headman of Yampirica band of Camanches, his x mark.
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To-sa-wi, or Silver Brooch, head chief of Pennetaka band of Camanches, his x mark.
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Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars, Volume Three: Conquering the Southern Plains.
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Ho-to-yo-koh-wot, or Over the Buttes, chief of Yampirica band, his x mark.
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Parry-wah-say-mer, or Ten Bears, chief of Yampirica band, his x mark.
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For the Native Americans, the signatories of the treaty were:
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1865 treaties between the United States and Native Americans
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Oh-to-ah-ne-so-to-wheo, or Seven Bulls, chief, his x mark.
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Az-che-om-a-te-ne, or the Old Fool Man, chief, his x mark.
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For the United States, the signatories of the treaty were:
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Moke-tah-vo-ve-ho, or Black White Man, chief, his x mark.
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Nah-a-nah-cha, Chief in Everything, headman, his x mark.
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O-to-ah-nis-to, or Bull that Hears, headman, his x mark.
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Ah-cra-ka-tau-nah, or Spotted Wolf, chief, his x mark.
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Kou-zhon-ta-co, or Poor Bear, head chief, his x mark.
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On the part of the Kiowa-Apaches (Or Plains-Apaches)
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Mun-a-men-ek, or Eagle's Head, headman, his x mark.
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Mah-vip-pah, or The Wolf Sleeve, chief, his x mark.
212:Ah-nah-wat-tan, or Black Man, headman, his x mark.
306:Ta-ki-bull, or Stinking Saddle Cloth, his x mark.
173:Hark-kah-o-me, or Little Robe, chief, his x mark.
206:Pah-uf-pah-top, or Big Mouth, chief, his x mark.
122:Commissioners on the part of the United States.
218:Chi-e-nuk, or Haversack, headman, his x mark.
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203:Oh-hah-mah-hah, or Storm, chief, his x mark.
143:Karn-tin-ta, or the Crow, chief, his x mark.
309:Sit-par-ga, or One Bear, chief, his x mark.
297:To-hau-son, or Little Mountain, his x mark.
438:United States and Native American treaties
288:Ton-a-en-ko, or Kicking Eagle, his x mark.
279:Wah-toh-konk, or Black Eagle, his x mark.
23:was a set of treaties signed between the
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294:Kaw-pe-ah, or Plumed Lance, his x mark.
433:Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains
276:Queil-park , or Lone Wolf, his x mark.
137:Ba-zhe-ech, or Iron Shirt, his x mark.
71:Chiefs and Commissioners in attendance
300:Sa-tank, or Sitting Bear, his x mark.
285:Sa-tan-ta, or White Bear, his x mark.
58:The full treaty can be found online.
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390:Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
282:Zip-ki-yah, or Big Bow, his x mark.
149:Nahn-tan, or The Chief, his x mark.
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303:Pawnee, or Poor Man, his x mark.
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384:Cozzens, Peter, ed. (2003).
269:On the part of the Comanches
225:On the part of the Arapahoes
189:On the part of the Cheyennes
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341:commemorating the Treaty.
428:1865 in American politics
200:, lead chief, his x mark.
167:, head chief, his x mark.
316:On the part of the Kiowa
25:United States of America
323:What both sides wanted
21:Little Arkansas Treaty
53:Medicine Lodge Treaty
49:Little Arkansas River
373:"Washita-Conclusion"
329:Chivington massacre
163:Moke-ta-ve-to, or
443:Comanche campaign
113:J. H. Leavenworth
91:William S. Harney
41:Southern Cheyenne
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99:William. W. Bent
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198:Little Raven
165:Black Kettle
115:, black bear
95:James Steele
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422:Categories
345:References
104:Kit Carson
33:Comanche
27:and the
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43:, and
111:Col.
29:Kiowa
392:ISBN
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