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71:
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53:
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were similar to the
Japanese "Oshima" design. Among the components located were "a six-cylinder Atlas Imperial diesel and machinery scatter, propeller shaft and propeller, a marine propulsion plant popular in the early decades of the 20th century." Researchers theorized that the wreckage was an East Asian fishing vessel that struck the reef sometime after 1918, based on the age of the components.
8388:
237:
4292:
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atoll and identifying any non-native species. In 2003, 90 short tons (82,000 kg) of marine debris was removed from the Pearl and Hermes reefs. In 2014, a net tangle weighing 11.5 short tons (10,400 kg) was located in the atoll. It was 28 ft (8.5 m) long, 7 ft (2.1 m) wide, and 16 ft (4.9 m) deep, and took three days to dismantle and remove.
439:
8409:
1007:, but overfishing from 1927 to 1930 caused the population to crash to only 470 in 1930. An expedition in 1950 turned up only six live oysters, and another in 1969 only found one. Surveys in 1994 and 2000 also found only a few oysters, and a full analysis by the NOAA in 2003 concluded that the population has never recovered to pre-harvesting levels.
593:– the only pearl beds in the United States. Anderson formed a trading company to capitalize on his find. Over the next three years, his trading company harvested some 20,000 pearls from the atoll, with the largest of these having a reported value of US$ 5,000. Some 150 tons of oyster shells, valued for their shiny
498:, but Robinson and eleven others opted to purchase the vessel they had built and sail it back to Honolulu in the hopes of recovering some of the losses incurred by the wreck. The sailors managed to sail the small vessel back to the main Hawaiian islands without further loss of life. They sold it for $ 2,000
619:
for the five-week expedition, which covered the reef's geography, flora, and invertebrate and fish populations. A specific emphasis was placed on the pearl oyster population. Only 470 oysters were found. 320 were collected alive, and 150 were opened for examination. An estimated 10% contained pearls.
391:
Comma-shaped North Island is the atoll's northernmost island. Little North Island lies to the southeast, less than 1 km (0.62 mi) away. Southeast Island lies approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) to the southeast of Little North. Grass Island approximately 9 km (5.6 mi) east, and
379:
The atoll's land area consists of several small islands which are periodically washed over when winter storms pass, along with several ephemeral sand spits. The islets are low and flat, with an average elevation of no more than 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) in 2012, and there are no sources of fresh water
1163:
projects that sea level will rise 13–16 inches (33–41 cm) by the year 2100. Southeast Island is only 3 feet (1 m) above sea level, and would be almost entirely submerged if sea levels rise that much. The other islets would also lose significant amounts of land area. Estimates of total land
761:
agencies began immediately. Although several people on board were forced to evacuate the ship, there was no loss of life. The initial grounding, combined with the rescue efforts, caused extensive damage to the reef including "breakage of coral heads, scouring of the substrate, and injury to the reef
387:
From largest to smallest, the five remaining islands are
Southeast Island (18.4 ha (45 acres)), Seal-Kittery (13.7 ha (34 acres)) North Island (8.4 ha (21 acres)), Grass Island (3.2 ha (7.9 acres)), and Little North Island (3.2 ha (7.9 acres)). Only the three largest islands
1155:
and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. During this project, a total of 9.6 short tons (8,676 kg) of debris was removed from reefs and beaches around Pearl and Hermes. In 2000, the joint NOAA and NMFS Derelict
Fishing Net Removal Project was launched, with the objective of removing fishing debris from the
1150:
have had a major impact on the reefs and associated fauna of the atoll. Pearl and Hermes Atoll is considered a high-risk entanglement zone for monk seals. Efforts have been undertaken to lessen the threat of this growing problem, including attempts at prevention as well as recurring debris removal
794:
during a debris removal dive. They were not able to complete a full survey at the time due to the challenging site environment. The same dive team also located the wreck site of an unknown fishing vessel during the same trip, which they nicknamed the "Oshima" site as some of the components located
1177:
was spotted growing on the reefs. By 2019, it had smothered and killed large amounts of reef on the northeast section of the atoll. Analysis of the species and management techniques will be required to prevent the species from taking over other reefs on the atoll and the rest of the
Northwest
678:
weighing 7,198 tons, struck the eastern reef of the atoll at a speed of 10.5 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph). The ship was driven further onto the reef by rough waves and 35 mph (56 km/h) winds, which collapsed the bow and damaged two forward holds. The crew was evacuated by the
1102:
Because of its small size, Pearl and Hermes Atoll has typically not been singled out for individual environmental protection; historically, it has been bundled with the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands as a protected region. The region was first protected in 1909 when U.S. President
1186:
Because there are no weather stations on the Pearl and Hermes Atoll, the following climate information is taken from sources for the Midway Atoll, which is approximately 87 mi (140 km) north-northwest of Pearl and Hermes. Like Midway, Pearl and Hermes has a
942:
has been identified as a major invasive threat since at least 2001. Although it provides food and nesting space for small songbirds, it poses a significant threat of entanglement to native seabirds, so removal is considered a priority for conservation purposes.
2466:"Final damage assessment and restoration plan and environmental assessment for the July 2, 2005, M/V Casitas grounding at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument"
2925:
465:
ran aground on the surrounding reefs. The two ships had been en route to Japan from
Honolulu through the uncharted waters of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Sometime late in the evening of April 24 or early in the morning of April 25, the 258-ton
2704:
Donohue, Mary J.; Boland, Raymond C.; Sramek, Carolyn M.; Antonelis, George Aa (2001). "Derelict
Fishing Gear in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Diving Surveys and Debris Removal in 1999 Confirm Threat to Coral Reef Ecosystems".
693:
arrived on
December 25 to attempt to tow the ship clear, but persistent stormy weather forced a delay of the rescue attempt. On January 3, before another rescue attempt could be made, the ship's anchors tore loose and the
620:
Based on those findings, the surveyors concluded that
Captain Anderson must have harvested between 150,000 and 200,000 oysters to obtain his reported 20,000 pearls, which had significantly depleted the oyster beds.
967:
are among the most prominent. In 2001, it was reported that twenty percent of the world's population of black-footed albatrosses nested on Pearl and Hermes. Pearl and Hermes also hosts one of two known sites where
421:
following an effort to restore traditional
Hawaiian names which had been lost, misspelled, or replaced with foreign names. Because its original Hawaiian name was not known, the Committee conferred the new name of
474:
also ran aground when it approached to provide assistance. The combined crews of both ships, some 57 sailors, were marooned on an unspecified island nearby for several months. During that time, James Robinson, a
912:, including coastal grasses, vines, and herbal plants. Invasive plant species are considered a major conservation issue on the atoll, as they often out-compete and replace native species. As an example,
5113:
3033:
3210:
833:. Many smaller artifacts were found actually embedded into the coral of the reef. The 2006 survey focused on completing a full site plan of the wreckage. In contrast to the scattered state of the
534:
Entrepreneurs from a rabbit canning business intentionally released rabbits on Southeast Island in 1894, where they devoured all the island's vegetation. This was the first documented instance of
318:
The atoll is an important habitat for seabirds, marine life, and invertebrate species. Twenty-two bird species nest and breed on the islands, including twenty percent of the world's population of
1027:
are known to mate in the area. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "the atoll has the highest standing stock of fish and the highest number of fish species in the NWHI", including
976:
was introduced to the island in 1967 to provide a backup population of these birds, should a hurricane, disease, rat introduction, or other disaster wipe out the population on the island of
3079:
5024:
3807:
2624:
5089:
4701:
959:
The Pearl and Hermes Atoll is an important nesting area for many seabirds. Approximately 160,000 birds from 22 different species are known to live and breed on the Atoll.
841:
site are grouped roughly in the same configuration that they would have had on the intact ship, with site length being approximately the length the ship would have been.
4334:
864:
site. A full site plan was completed, and both photographs and high definition video were made. The site contained similar artifacts to those found at the site of the
3156:
1097:
323:
2616:
730:
442:
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952:
1160:
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70:
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was wrecked on the atoll in 1904, destroying the ship and its cargo of feathers. There was no loss of life, however. In 1916, crew members from the
8502:
5764:
933:
770:(EPA), where she was sunk in waters over 7,000 ft (2,134 m) deep. Efforts to remove remaining debris and repair the reef began in 2011.
119:
1164:
area loss range from 15% to 65% in a scenario of median sea-level rise, threatening the habitats of monk seals, sea turtles, and nesting birds.
8462:
3065:
1990:
6239:
5108:
4327:
988:
The Pearl and Hermes Atoll provides an extensive and unique habitat for invertebrates, including various sponges and thirty-three species of
322:. The atoll has historically been included with the rest of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in conservation efforts. It is included in the
4541:
3975:
2007:
1974:
1958:
1114:, which included Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Over the next century, protection of the region increased incrementally, culminating in President
3827:
3666:
3472:
3163:
1199:). The atoll has no cold season. Its wet season corresponds to the high-sun months, and its dry season corresponds to the low-sun months.
565:
384:(USGS), the atoll consists of five islands. Earlier sources note the presence of other islets, including a Sand Island and a Bird Island.
372:. In total, Pearl and Hermes has about 32 ha (80 acres) of land and almost 80,937 ha (200,000 acres) of coral reef habitat. The
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4402:
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2250:"Historical and present status of the pearl oyster, pinctada margaritifera, at Pearl and Hermes Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands"
5049:
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2017:
1919:
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to complete the survey begun in 2005. The site was confirmed to be located about 1,300 ft (400 m) to the west of the
767:
381:
8199:
8007:
5826:
5130:
3884:
2620:
2113:
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876:. Finally, some 150 iron ballast pieces were found. The extremely scattered state of the wreckage seems to confirm that the
369:
7105:
5647:
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4267:
4085:
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647:, and numerous species of fish. They did not find any of the trees which Captain Brooks had mentioned in his 1857 report.
261:
154:
1836:
8291:
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5958:
5074:
4912:
4626:
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479:, directed the construction of a small 30-ton vessel from the wreckage. Some accounts provide the name of the vessel as
1015:
368:
and 87 mi (140 km) east-southeast of Midway Atoll. Like the rest of the Hawaiian Islands, the atoll observes
7414:
6169:
6007:
4874:
3696:
3183:
1159:
Rising sea level is also a major concern for the atoll due to the extremely low elevation of most of the islands. The
5675:
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2914:
8492:
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1862:"Predicting Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability of Terrestrial Habitat and Wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands"
951:
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reported that they had spotted rabbits and Japanese fishing huts on Southeast Island. In 1923, the vessels of the
8467:
7623:
7392:
5690:
4902:
4022:
3854:
3849:
3381:
3229:
750:
597:, were harvested in the process. They were primarily sold to button manufacturers on the United States mainland.
1940:
Predicting Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability of Terrestrial Habitat and Wildlife of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
418:
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projects. A multi-agency study was launched in 1999 to remove and catalogue debris from the water surrounding
893:
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5200:
5044:
4524:
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1023:
The Pearl and Hermes Atoll supports breeding populations of endangered Hawaiian monk seals and sea turtles.
713:
578:
194:
3859:
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expedition documented wildlife aside from the oysters: Dr. Galtsoff's report indicated that they had found
8359:
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8149:
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4879:
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4417:
4226:
4125:
3997:
3802:
3452:
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1134:
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964:
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of Hawaii claimed the atoll by proclamation in 1854. In 1857, it was surveyed by the crew of the Hawaiian
344:
319:
189:
2802:
2585:"Scientists discover a new deep-reef Butterflyfish species in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument"
2138:
519:. Brooks reported that the atoll had eleven or twelve islets, and that some of them had trees and coarse
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in 2006, designating the waters of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands a national monument under the 1906
938:
924:
762:
structure itself". The ship was fully removed from the atoll on August 4, 2005, but was too damaged for
4696:
4666:
272:, typically between five and seven. More were noted in historical sources but have since been lost to
8354:
8072:
7885:
7616:
7478:
7462:
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7203:
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680:
570:
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1119:
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in honor of diver Pete Basabe, who provided support to the dives that first discovered the species.
515:. The United States took possession of the atoll in 1859 by way of Captain N.C. Brooks and his ship
502:. Robinson remained in Honolulu, and founded the James Robinson and Company shipyard there in 1827.
376:
which surrounds the atoll is roughly 43 mi (69 km) in circumference and open to the west.
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in 2005 and 2006 to conduct further surveys. The 2005 survey was based on the NOAA research vessel
609:
601:
476:
300:
that wrecked there in 1822. It has been the site of at least eight known shipwrecks, including the
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4017:
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1111:
1104:
1068:
1028:
909:
554:
528:
427:
405:
288:
3610:
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2809:. Vol. II: the Indian Ocean to the Pacific (Second ed.). Academic Press. p. 732.
749:, which posed a substantial risk of leaking. Leak-prevention and extraction efforts led by the
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2013:
1915:
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332:
249:
39:
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6140:
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4927:
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4774:
4726:
4484:
4387:
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4032:
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3822:
3552:
3532:
3502:
3497:
3487:
3437:
3376:
3219:
3129:
2714:
2559:
See, Kevin; Godwin, Scott; Menza, Charles (May 2009). "Nonindigenous and Invasive Species".
2353:
1757:
1152:
1064:
955:
Twenty percent of the world population of black-footed albatrosses breed on Pearl and Hermes
265:
52:
2920:
Pearl and Hermes Atoll: Blocks 1015 thru 1022, Census Tract 114.98, Honolulu County, Hawaii
8286:
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8189:
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3010:
2660:
2412:
1782:
1123:
1108:
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found off the Pearl and Hermes Atoll, at a depth of 180 ft (55 m). It was named
1036:
1024:
778:
758:
707:
236:
7090:
3716:
2628:
2497:
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813:, but were prevented by poor weather conditions. A number of artifacts were found at the
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on Southeast Island. An illegal landing by the military in the 1960s brought invasive
264:, a group of small islands and atolls that form the farthest northwest portion of the
8451:
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8107:
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7188:
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6498:
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6405:
6231:
6162:
6146:
6039:
5919:
5841:
5778:
5640:
5473:
5352:
4907:
4859:
4849:
4829:
4769:
4691:
4631:
4601:
4581:
4546:
4296:
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3726:
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1938:
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ran aground on the north end of the atoll. The ship was carrying large quantities of
373:
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1897:: 2. October 1, 2005 – via Department of Land and Natural Resources of Hawaii.
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3023:
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919:
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357:
17:
7958:
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3324:
600:
In 1929, oyster harvesting in the atoll was made illegal by the government of the
2857:"Midway Island Climate Midway Island Temperatures Midway Island Weather Averages"
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Isles of refuge : wildlife and history of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands
992:. Some invasive invertebrate species have been found on the reef, including the
989:
969:
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687:
644:
613:
240:
Map showing the location of Pearl and Hermes Atoll in the Hawaiian island chain
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766:. She was towed to a site northwest of Pearl and Hermes Atoll approved by the
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177:
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On July 1, before the beach-built vessel could be launched, the passing ship
134:
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3442:
3292:
3281:
3271:
3265:
3119:
3044:
2915:
Quick Facts on the Pearl and Hermes Atoll from the PBS Ocean Adventures site
2441:"M/V Casitas | NOAA's Damage Assessment Remediation and Restoration Program"
2292:"Pearl and Hermes Atoll - Hawaiian Islands - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"
2248:
Keenan, Elizabeth E.; Brainard, Russel E.; Basch, Larry V. (February 2006).
2123:
1738:
1168:
1143:
640:
327:
219:
3306:
2726:
2610:"Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument: A Citizen's Guide"
438:
4312:
557:
stopped at the atoll and killed "all but one rabbit on Southeast Island."
527:
produced the first reliable chart of the reef, which was published by the
8261:
7638:
7579:
7272:
6973:
6894:
6739:
6681:
6215:
5812:
5785:
5511:
5102:
4789:
4764:
4586:
4397:
4158:
3779:
2930:
738:
628:
509:
365:
1979:. , National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center. 1990.
8281:
7321:
7286:
6199:
5911:
5542:
4869:
4794:
4706:
4681:
4469:
4432:
4065:
3334:
2354:"Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: Liberty Ship SS Quartette"
1060:
826:
294:
273:
2561:
A Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
8204:
7990:
7873:
6507:
6390:
6382:
6374:
6366:
5192:
5184:
5095:
4551:
4365:
4110:
4070:
3970:
3965:
3834:
3769:
3432:
3355:
3124:
2882:"Midway Island, Midway Islands Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)"
977:
873:
822:
818:
535:
392:
Seal Kittery just under 4 km (2.5 mi) to the east of that.
297:
182:
2856:
2388:"Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument: Pearl and Hermes Atoll"
1138:
This monster net found at Pearl and Hermes in 2014 weighed 11.5 tons
330:
and other fishing debris, rising sea levels, and the invasive algae
880:
broke apart quickly and scattered with force across the sea floor.
790:
In 2004, divers from NOAA located wreckage believed to be from the
4721:
4130:
4055:
4050:
3737:
3457:
3313:
3299:
3099:
1963:. , National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center.
1133:
1014:
950:
856:
In 2008, NOAA maritime archaeologists returned to the site of the
843:
777:
712:
654:
632:
594:
590:
542:
520:
437:
353:
301:
269:
235:
809:. The same group also attempted to survey the nearby site of the
4519:
4075:
4060:
3361:
3319:
703:
582:
57:
8318:
8235:
8139:
7941:
5157:
5114:
List of shipwrecks in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
5013:
4748:
4354:
4316:
3741:
3179:
3061:
3048:
2934:
470:
ran aground on an unseen reef. Shortly thereafter, the 327-ton
2329:"Papahānaumokuākea Expedition 2007: Liberty Ship SS Quartette"
1063:. Although they are rare in the rest of the Hawaiian Islands,
1032:
746:
499:
2174:"The U.S.S. Whippoorwill Expedition to Pearl and Hermes Reef"
725:
On July 2, 2005, the 145 ft (44 m) research vessel
608:
decided to conduct a thorough study of the atoll, led by Dr.
457:
The atoll was discovered in 1822 when the English whaleships
3395:
2751:
2739:
268:. The atoll consists of a variable number of flat and sandy
2832:"A Mysterious New Algae Is Smothering Hawaii's Coral Reefs"
2108:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 143–144.
364:, approximately 1,299 mi (2,090 km) northwest of
3034:
List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
904:
The islets of the Pearl and Hermes Atoll support thirteen
2919:
2777:"Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: Monster net"
872:
were found, stored in linear racks, as well as stores of
706:
and the two pieces sank. The wreck site now serves as an
2006:
Geography, University of Hawaii at Hilo Dept of (1998).
932:
seeds from Midway Atoll, which had to be removed by the
1908:
Smith, Hance; Vallega, Adalberto (September 26, 2002).
336:
pose a significant risk to the atoll and its wildlife.
95:
Location of Pearl and Hermes Atoll in the Pacific Ocean
1995:. National Marine Fisheries Service. 1986. p. 12.
1107:
created the Hawaiian Islands Bird Reservation through
1000:, which competes with native invertebrates for space.
868:, including two anchors and four cannons. At least 33
1895:
Hawaii's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy
352:
The Pearl and Hermes Atoll is the third northernmost
5025:
Bullhead Point Historical and Archeological District
2498:"Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: Oshima"
2057:"Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: Hermes"
1078:, working with the NOAA, described a new species of
7897:
7858:
7772:
7732:
7693:
7572:
7340:
7181:
7162:
7007:
6959:
6903:
6620:
6524:
6446:
6359:
6310:
6208:
6056:
5978:
5874:
5805:
5566:
5429:
5177:
4982:
4946:
4888:
4245:
4207:
4144:
4084:
4031:
3928:
3788:
3639:
3561:
3471:
3406:
3218:
1809:"Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument: Pearl"
589:in the atoll. He reported that they were rich with
494:was sighted. 46 of the sailors took passage on the
218:
213:
205:
200:
188:
176:
160:
150:
113:
105:
100:
37:
5090:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
4702:Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
1992:Fishery Atlas of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
1784:Pearl & Hermes Atoll Reserve Preservation Area
721:aground on Pearl and Hermes Atoll, August 4, 2005.
2215:"Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Log July 13, 2006"
702:. Several weeks later, it snapped in half at the
1911:The Development of Integrated Sea Use Management
801:from the NOAA returned to the wreck site of the
710:which provides a habitat for many fish species.
2435:
2433:
731:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
581:of the Lanikai Fishing Company was fishing for
2763:
2676:"Bush Plans Vast Protected Sea Area in Hawaii"
2492:
2490:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
348:North Island of Pearl and Hermes Atoll in 1999
4328:
3753:
3191:
3073:
2946:
2801:Friedlander, Alan M.; Brown, Eric K. (2019).
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
380:on any of them. As of 2012, according to the
8:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2099:
2097:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1839:. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1777:
1775:
1773:
972:nest in Hawaii. In addition, the endangered
32:
2183:. Honolulu: Alexander Hume Ford. p. 51
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
1957:Center (U.S.), Southwest Fisheries (1990).
1831:
1829:
417:, was established in the late 1990s by the
8419:
8315:
8232:
8136:
7938:
5174:
5154:
5060:Maritime Heritage Trail – Battle of Saipan
5010:
4885:
4745:
4351:
4335:
4321:
4313:
3760:
3746:
3738:
3198:
3184:
3176:
3157:Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
3080:
3066:
3058:
3045:
2953:
2939:
2931:
2012:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 27.
1888:"Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Passerines"
1202:
1098:Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
1071:are common in the Pearl and Hermes Atoll.
1003:The atoll was once heavily populated with
413:The Hawaiian-language name for the atoll,
324:Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
51:
31:
2568:
698:was blown onto the reef. It was deemed a
315:, which ran aground on the reef in 2005.
2926:Google Street View images from the Atoll
2315:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
1206:Climate data for Pearl and Hermes Atoll
892:
564:
343:
77:
2807:World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation
2803:"Chapter 33 - The Hawaiian Archipelago"
1790:, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
1769:
585:and in the process, discovered beds of
2656:
2645:
2546:
2201:
2032:
410:, which were wrecked upon it in 1822.
5109:Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
900:, a grass species native to the atoll
60:picture of the Pearl and Hermes Atoll
7:
8408:
4542:John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
1933:
1931:
1856:
1854:
1161:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
996:, which is native to Japan, and the
782:An early 19th century anchor at the
612:. The United States Navy loaned the
8277:National Diving and Activity Centre
5136:Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve
5080:Robben Island Marine Protected Area
4475:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes National Park
2674:Revkin, Andrew C. (June 15, 2006).
848:Divers inspecting artifacts at the
483:, while others state it was called
8392:Outline of recreational dive sites
4974:Molinere Underwater Sculpture Park
4530:iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
4515:Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve
4403:Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park
4371:Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area
3875:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)
2523:"Telespiza cantans (Laysan Finch)"
430:which frequents the waters there.
426:to the atoll, in reference to the
25:
4712:Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area
4273:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
2830:Haro, Alexander (July 14, 2020).
2139:"1822 letter describes shipwreck"
922:, has displaced the native grass
753:(USCG) in conjunction with other
606:United States Bureau of Fisheries
400:The atoll is named for the ships
8473:Coral reefs of the United States
8428:
8424:Index of recreational dive sites
8418:
8414:Category:Recreational dive sites
8407:
8397:
8396:
8386:
7951:Cave diving regions of the world
4290:
3571:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
3009:
1737:
90:Pearl and Hermes (Pacific Ocean)
76:
69:
8483:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
8387:
3667:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
3662:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
3652:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
3164:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
2172:Galtsoff, Paul (January 1931).
2137:Krauss, Bob (October 6, 2004).
1837:"NWHI - Pearl and Hermes Atoll"
768:Environmental Protection Agency
674:, a 422-foot-long (129 m)
538:being introduced to the atoll.
382:United States Geological Survey
8503:Important Bird Areas of Hawaii
8008:Cocklebiddy, Western Australia
5131:Western Rocks, Isles of Scilly
3885:Pearl Harbor National Memorial
2922:, United States Census Bureau.
2805:. In Sheppard, Charles (ed.).
1946:, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012
934:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
569:Black-lip pearl oyster at the
453:Initial discovery by Europeans
43:
1:
8463:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
5065:Michigan Underwater Preserves
4268:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
3089:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
3029:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
2719:10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00139-4
2473:US Department of the Interior
1074:In 2016, scientists from the
262:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
155:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
75:
8292:Slickstones Quarry, Cromhall
5075:Porteau Cove Provincial Park
4627:Porteau Cove Provincial Park
3677:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
2764:See, Godwin & Menza 2009
311:, and most recently the M/V
8013:Devil's Throat at Punta Sur
4875:Stingray City, Grand Cayman
4780:Devil's Throat at Punta Sur
1679:Average precipitation days
1465:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
1325:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
837:site, the artifacts of the
523:. In 1867, the crew of the
8519:
8478:Reefs of the Pacific Ocean
6081:General Hoyt S. Vandenberg
4642:Ras Muhammad National Park
3591:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
3581:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
3576:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
2819:– via ScienceDirect.
2475:. March 2011. pp. 3–4
2143:the.honoluluadvertiser.com
1722:
1205:
1167:In 2016, a mysterious new
1095:
994:orange-striped sea anemone
670:On December 21, 1952, the
419:Hawaiian Lexicon Committee
8382:
8325:
8314:
8242:
8231:
8146:
8135:
7948:
7937:
5164:
5153:
5050:Shipwrecks of Isle Royale
5020:
5009:
4903:Gibraltar Artificial Reef
4755:
4744:
4361:
4350:
4286:
3981:Colleges and universities
3776:
3393:
3382:North Arch volcanic field
3230:South Arch volcanic field
3153:
3095:
3055:
3050:Links to related articles
3018:
3007:
2968:
2861:www.midway.climatemps.com
2707:Marine Pollution Bulletin
1678:
1604:
1534:
1464:
1394:
1324:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
751:United States Coast Guard
283:The atoll is named after
165:
65:
50:
8436:Portal:Underwater diving
8088:Sistema Nohoch Nah Chich
5261:Agat World War II Amtrac
4954:Cancún Underwater Museum
4662:San Pedro Nolasco Island
3813:Discovery and settlement
3586:2018 lower Puna eruption
2181:The Mid-Pacific Magazine
2104:Rauzon, Mark J. (2001).
1189:tropical savanna climate
965:black-footed albatrosses
961:Tristram's storm petrels
755:United States Government
320:black-footed albatrosses
8403:Underwater diving sites
5045:Edmonds Underwater Park
4525:Hol Chan Marine Reserve
4480:Edmonds Underwater Park
4344:Recreational dive sites
3722:Puna Geothermal Venture
3657:Haleakalā National Park
2257:Atoll Research Bulletin
1142:Derelict fishing gear (
1059:, and various types of
1005:black-lip pearl oysters
799:Maritime archaeologists
686:the following day. The
587:black-lip pearl oysters
561:Exploitation of oysters
253:
8458:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
8360:Underwater archaeology
8252:Capernwray Dive Centre
8150:Blue Hole (New Mexico)
5599:Captain Keith Tibbetts
5141:Wreck Alley, San Diego
5070:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
4418:Biscayne National Park
3463:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
3400:
3135:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
2973:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
2962:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
2910:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
2655:Cite journal requires
2627:. 2005. Archived from
1139:
1020:
998:Christmas tree hydroid
956:
936:. The flowering plant
901:
853:
787:
722:
667:
579:William Greig Anderson
574:
449:
349:
246:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
241:
214:Additional information
33:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
8272:Hotel Terme Millepini
8141:Freshwater dive sites
4465:Cliff Villa Peninsula
4445:Cahuita National Park
4438:Bunaken National Park
4246:Pre-statehood history
4096:French Frigate Shoals
3936:Hawaiian architecture
3418:French Frigate Shoals
3399:
3110:French Frigate Shoals
2781:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
2634:on September 10, 2008
2589:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
2502:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
2392:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
2358:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
2061:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
1813:Papahanaumokuakea.gov
1146:) and other types of
1137:
1055:or Hawaiian bigeyes,
1018:
954:
939:Verbesina encelioides
925:Eragrostis variabilis
898:Eragrostis variabilis
896:
847:
781:
716:
658:
568:
441:
347:
266:Hawaiian island chain
258:Pearl and Hermes Reef
239:
8355:Scuba diving tourism
8195:Ponce de Leon Spring
5751:Cornelia B. Windiate
5015:Wreck diving regions
4918:Port Noarlunga jetty
4622:Poor Knights Islands
4263:Hawaiian Renaissance
4253:Bayonet Constitution
3350:East Molokai Volcano
3345:West Molokai Volcano
2996:ship & wrecksite
2333:Sanctuaries.noaa.gov
2219:Sanctuaries.noaa.gov
1723:Source: Weatherbase
1255:Record high °F (°C)
1092:Conservation efforts
1085:Prognathodes basabei
1019:A Hawaiian monk seal
915:Setaria verticillata
906:native plant species
571:Aquarium Finisterrae
370:Hawaii Standard Time
135:27.8611°N 175.8529°W
8345:Recreational diving
7969:Blue Hole (Red Sea)
7834:William C. Moreland
4959:Christ of the Abyss
4947:Underwater artworks
4657:San Andrés (island)
4617:Petit Saint Vincent
4510:Great Southern Reef
4413:Belize Barrier Reef
4356:Reef diving regions
4278:Territory of Hawaii
4146:Notable communities
3697:Mauna Loa eruptions
3596:Keanakakoi eruption
2988:Little North Island
2752:Donohue et al. 2001
2740:Donohue et al. 2001
1535:Record low °F (°C)
1395:Daily mean °F (°C)
729:, chartered by the
602:Territory of Hawaii
506:King Kamehameha III
374:fringing coral reef
326:, created in 2006.
131: /
34:
18:Little North Island
8330:Black-water diving
7145:President Coolidge
5945:Empress of Ireland
5692:Chester A. Congdon
5670:City of Launceston
4969:Kristu tal-Baħħara
4933:South Channel Fort
4820:Hillsea Point Rock
4697:St. Crispin's Reef
4505:Great Barrier Reef
3401:
3207:Hawaiian volcanism
2684:The New York Times
1976:Collected Reprints
1960:Collected Reprints
1178:Hawaiian Islands.
1140:
1105:Theodore Roosevelt
1069:Japanese angelfish
1029:sabre squirrelfish
1021:
957:
910:introduced species
902:
854:
788:
723:
668:
575:
555:Tanager Expedition
529:United States Navy
450:
428:Hawaiian monk seal
356:of Hawaii, behind
350:
242:
140:27.8611; -175.8529
8493:Paleogene Oceania
8488:Miocene volcanoes
8445:
8444:
8378:
8377:
8365:Underwater diving
8340:Low impact diving
8335:Blue-water diving
8310:
8309:
8227:
8226:
8180:Homestead caldera
8131:
8130:
8103:Uamh an Claonaite
8098:Sistema Sac Actun
8093:Sistema Ox Bel Ha
8053:Piccaninnie Ponds
8043:Molnár János Cave
7954:Cave dive sites:
7933:
7932:
7929:
7928:
7465:Selah Chamberlain
7251:Robert C. Pringle
6676:Mikhail Lermontov
6400:James Eagan Layne
6010:Francisco Morazan
5649:Christina Nilsson
5398:Arthur W. Radford
5149:
5148:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4913:Port Hughes jetty
4810:Fowey Rocks Light
4800:Frederiksted Pier
4740:
4739:
4562:Mantanani Islands
4310:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4297:Hawaii portal
3735:
3734:
3682:Kīlauea eruptions
3672:Hawaiian eruption
3601:ʻAilāʻau eruption
3562:Notable eruptions
3423:Gardner Pinnacles
3173:
3172:
3115:Gardner Pinnacles
3042:
3041:
3001:Chondria tumulosa
2417:www.cerc.usgs.gov
1727:
1726:
1174:Chondria tumulosa
1171:species known as
1120:Proclamation 8031
918:, an undesirable
683:Frontenac Victory
577:In 1927, Captain
573:in Galicia, Spain
388:have vegetation.
333:Chondria tumulosa
278:rising sea levels
260:, is part of the
256:), also known as
234:
233:
16:(Redirected from
8510:
8468:Atolls of Hawaii
8432:
8422:
8421:
8411:
8410:
8400:
8399:
8390:
8389:
8316:
8267:Eccleston Quarry
8233:
8185:Little Blue Lake
8155:Blue Lake (Utah)
8137:
8078:Sistema Dos Ojos
8018:Engelbrecht Cave
7979:Blue Hole (Guam)
7939:
7488:South Australian
7077:Pietermaritzburg
6256:Herzogin Cecilie
6171:Grace A. Channon
6141:Glen Strathallan
5175:
5159:Wreck dive sites
5155:
5011:
4964:Circle of Heroes
4928:Shark River Reef
4898:Edithburgh jetty
4890:Artificial reefs
4886:
4825:Inland Sea, Gozo
4785:Elphinstone Reef
4746:
4727:Wakatobi Regency
4485:El Ikhwa Islands
4352:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4314:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4258:Hawaiian Kingdom
4136:Pearl and Hermes
3870:Native Hawaiians
3762:
3755:
3748:
3739:
3438:Lisianski Island
3398:
3235:Kamaʻehuakanaloa
3200:
3193:
3186:
3177:
3130:Lisianski Island
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3046:
3013:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2932:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2614:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2384:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2325:
2319:
2318:, p. 54-55.
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2254:
2245:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2178:
2169:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2101:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2009:Atlas of Hawai'i
2003:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1805:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1779:
1758:Lists of islands
1747:
1742:
1741:
1203:
1153:Lisianski Island
1065:masked angelfish
1037:Galapagos sharks
1025:Spinner dolphins
817:site, including
774:Site exploration
666:
659:Wreckage of the
614:minesweeper ship
477:carpenter's mate
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
84:Pearl and Hermes
80:
79:
73:
55:
35:
21:
8518:
8517:
8513:
8512:
8511:
8509:
8508:
8507:
8498:Cenozoic Hawaii
8448:
8447:
8446:
8441:
8374:
8321:
8306:
8287:Seacrest Cove 2
8257:Deep Dive Dubai
8238:
8223:
8190:Logue Brook Dam
8165:Dorothea quarry
8160:Dinorwic quarry
8142:
8127:
8113:Wakulla Springs
8083:Sistema Huautla
8038:Kilsby sinkhole
7974:Great Blue Hole
7944:
7943:Cave dive sites
7925:
7893:
7854:
7789:Walter L M Russ
7768:
7728:
7689:
7568:
7336:
7213:Rainbow Warrior
7177:
7158:
7153:Prince of Wales
7003:
6955:
6899:
6711:Margaret Olwill
6616:
6520:
6442:
6355:
6306:
6204:
6088:George A. Marsh
6052:
5974:
5953:Erie L. Hackley
5870:
5865:Dwight L. Moody
5801:
5663:City of Everett
5628:Carthaginian II
5606:Carl D. Bradley
5562:
5425:
5274:Albert C. Field
5233:Admiral Sampson
5173:
5160:
5145:
5016:
4997:
4978:
4942:
4923:Rapid Bay jetty
4884:
4751:
4750:Reef dive sites
4736:
4677:Similan Islands
4667:Shaʽb Abu Nuħas
4652:Rottnest Island
4612:Pescador Island
4592:Neptune Islands
4557:Lighthouse Reef
4357:
4346:
4341:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4291:
4289:
4282:
4241:
4203:
4140:
4087:
4080:
4027:
3924:
3840:Hawaiianization
3784:
3772:
3766:
3736:
3731:
3702:Pāhoehoe (lava)
3635:
3611:Kīlauea Caldera
3563:
3557:
3474:
3467:
3409:
3402:
3396:
3391:
3221:
3214:
3204:
3174:
3169:
3149:
3091:
3086:
3051:
3043:
3038:
3014:
3005:
2964:
2959:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:, p. 1304.
2750:
2746:
2742:, p. 1301.
2738:
2734:
2713:(12): 1301–12.
2703:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2654:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2570:10.1.1.504.5243
2558:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2527:Iucnredlist.org
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1766:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1195:classification
1184:
1132:
1124:Antiquities Act
1109:Executive Order
1100:
1094:
1013:
986:
949:
891:
886:
884:Flora and fauna
776:
759:State of Hawaii
708:artificial reef
660:
653:
604:. In 1930, the
595:mother-of-pearl
563:
455:
436:
398:
342:
230:
195:Honolulu County
172:
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
85:
81:
61:
46:
45:
28:
27:Atoll of Hawaii
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8516:
8514:
8506:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8450:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8426:
8416:
8405:
8394:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8322:
8320:Related topics
8319:
8312:
8311:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8237:Training sites
8236:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8133:
8132:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8003:Chinhoyi Caves
8000:
7999:
7998:
7988:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7961:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7935:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7916:
7909:
7901:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7883:
7876:
7871:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7844:
7837:
7830:
7823:
7815:
7807:
7800:
7792:
7785:
7776:
7774:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7744:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7726:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7697:
7695:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7679:
7672:
7664:
7657:
7650:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7621:
7614:
7607:
7600:
7592:
7584:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7566:
7559:
7551:
7543:
7535:
7527:
7520:
7513:
7506:
7499:
7491:
7484:
7476:
7468:
7460:
7452:
7444:
7436:
7428:
7420:
7412:
7404:
7397:
7390:
7382:
7375:
7368:
7360:
7353:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7334:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7309:Royal Adelaide
7305:
7298:
7291:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7262:
7259:Robert Wallace
7254:
7247:
7240:
7232:
7224:
7216:
7209:
7201:
7194:
7185:
7183:
7179:
7178:
7176:
7175:
7172:Queen Victoria
7166:
7164:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7148:
7141:
7134:
7126:
7118:
7111:
7103:
7095:
7088:
7080:
7072:
7064:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7034:
7026:
7019:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6979:
6971:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6930:
6922:
6915:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6852:
6844:
6836:
6829:
6821:
6814:
6806:
6798:
6790:
6783:
6775:
6767:
6760:
6752:
6744:
6737:
6729:
6721:
6714:
6706:
6701:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6664:
6656:
6648:
6641:
6633:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6599:
6591:
6584:
6576:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6544:
6537:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6511:
6504:
6496:
6489:
6481:
6474:
6471:Keystone State
6466:
6459:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6440:
6433:
6425:
6422:John M. Osborn
6418:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6388:
6380:
6372:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6346:
6343:Isaac M. Scott
6338:
6330:
6322:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6296:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6259:
6252:
6244:
6237:
6229:
6226:Henry Chisholm
6221:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6189:
6182:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6152:
6144:
6137:
6129:
6121:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6091:
6084:
6076:
6068:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6026:Frank O'Connor
6021:
6018:Francis Hinton
6013:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5964:
5956:
5948:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5917:
5909:
5906:Edgar E. Clark
5901:
5893:
5886:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5846:
5839:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5791:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5754:
5747:
5739:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5656:City of Bangor
5652:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5531:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5501:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5471:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5416:
5408:
5401:
5393:
5390:Arratoon Apcar
5386:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5258:
5250:
5243:
5240:Adolphus Busch
5236:
5229:
5221:
5213:
5206:
5198:
5190:
5181:
5179:
5172:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5126:Wardang Island
5123:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4892:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Tubbataha Reef
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4687:Socorro Island
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:Shadwan Island
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4607:Panglao, Bohol
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:Martin's Haven
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4428:Bowie Seamount
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4355:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4317:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3946:Climate change
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3915:Transportation
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Kūʻē Petitions
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3626:Powers Caldera
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
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2904:External links
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2601:
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1116:George W. Bush
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1045:giant trevally
1041:Sandbar sharks
1012:
1011:Other wildlife
1009:
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786:shipwreck site
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7661:Torrey Canyon
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7398:
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6515:Kyle Spangler
6512:
6510:
6509:
6505:
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6502:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6493:Kizugawa Maru
6490:
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6430:John Mitchell
6426:
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6416:
6415:John B. Cowle
6411:
6409:
6408:
6407:J.S. Seaverns
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6241:Hermann Künne
6238:
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6194:Gregory Poole
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6103:George M. Cox
6100:
6098:
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6075:
6074:
6073:General Botha
6069:
6067:
6066:
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6059:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6040:Fujikawa Maru
6037:
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5594:
5593:
5592:Cape Henlopen
5588:
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5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5156:
5152:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5012:
5008:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Merkanti Reef
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Second Valley
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:Kennack Sands
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:Darwin's Arch
4773:
4771:
4770:Daedalus Reef
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Sound of Mull
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Puerto Galera
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:Palancar Reef
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Molasses Reef
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4547:Kadmat Island
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4299:
4298:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4086:Northwestern
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3905:State symbols
3903:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3728:
3727:Volcano House
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Lava fountain
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3453:Necker Island
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3405:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:Pauahi Crater
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Necker Island
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3054:
3047:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2816:9780081008539
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2697:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2649:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2418:
2414:
2413:"M/V Casitas"
2408:
2405:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:Galtsoff 1931
2312:
2309:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2035:, p. 34.
2034:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2019:9780824821258
2015:
2011:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:9781134957149
1917:
1914:. Routledge.
1913:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1869:pubs.usgs.gov
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Desert island
1751:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1607:precipitation
1603:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1148:marine debris
1145:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:butterflyfish
1077:
1076:Bishop Museum
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
984:Invertebrates
983:
981:
979:
975:
971:
966:
962:
953:
946:
944:
941:
940:
935:
931:
930:field mustard
927:
926:
921:
917:
916:
911:
907:
899:
895:
888:
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
851:
846:
842:
840:
836:
832:
831:whale blubber
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
793:
785:
780:
773:
771:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
720:
715:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
689:
685:
684:
677:
673:
664:
657:
650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
621:
618:
615:
611:
610:Paul Galtsoff
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
572:
567:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
501:
497:
496:Earl of Morby
493:
492:Earl of Morby
488:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
464:
460:
452:
447:
444:
440:
433:
431:
429:
425:
420:
416:
411:
409:
408:
403:
395:
393:
389:
385:
383:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
346:
339:
337:
335:
334:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
303:
299:
296:
292:
291:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
238:
226:
225:
223:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
199:
196:
193:
191:
187:
184:
181:
179:
175:
171:
170:
169:United States
164:
159:
156:
153:
149:
144:
116:
112:
109:Pacific Ocean
108:
104:
99:
72:
64:
59:
54:
49:
41:
36:
30:
19:
8434:
8350:Scuba diving
8302:Swanage Pier
8068:Ricks Spring
8063:Pollatoomary
7953:
7918:
7912:
7905:
7887:
7879:
7867:
7849:Wilkes-Barre
7848:
7840:
7833:
7826:
7819:
7811:
7803:
7796:
7788:
7781:
7762:
7755:
7748:
7740:
7723:Um El Faroud
7721:
7715:
7708:
7701:
7683:
7674:
7668:
7660:
7652:
7646:
7637:
7630:
7624:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7596:
7588:
7580:
7562:
7555:
7547:
7539:
7531:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7487:
7480:
7472:
7464:
7456:
7448:
7440:
7432:
7425:S.C. Baldwin
7424:
7417:Saskatchewan
7416:
7408:
7400:
7393:
7386:
7378:
7371:
7364:
7356:
7349:
7330:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7266:
7258:
7250:
7244:Riva Palacio
7243:
7236:
7228:
7220:
7212:
7205:
7197:
7190:
7171:
7152:
7144:
7137:
7130:
7122:
7114:
7107:
7099:
7091:
7084:
7076:
7068:
7060:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7015:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6975:
6967:
6949:
6942:
6934:
6925:
6918:
6911:
6888:
6880:
6872:
6864:
6856:
6848:
6840:
6832:
6825:
6817:
6810:
6802:
6794:
6786:
6779:
6772:Midland City
6771:
6763:
6756:
6748:
6740:
6733:
6725:
6717:
6710:
6697:
6689:
6682:
6675:
6667:
6660:
6652:
6644:
6637:
6629:
6610:
6603:
6595:
6587:
6580:
6572:
6564:
6556:
6548:
6540:
6533:
6514:
6506:
6500:
6491:
6485:
6478:King Cruiser
6477:
6470:
6462:
6455:
6436:
6429:
6421:
6414:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6368:
6349:
6342:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6300:
6292:
6284:
6277:
6271:Hilma Hooker
6269:
6263:
6255:
6248:
6240:
6233:
6225:
6217:
6193:
6185:
6178:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6148:
6139:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6110:Georg Thiele
6109:
6102:
6096:George Dewey
6095:
6087:
6080:
6072:
6064:
6045:
6038:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6009:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5968:
5960:
5952:
5944:
5936:
5928:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5897:
5889:
5882:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5842:
5835:
5828:David Tucker
5827:
5821:Daniel Lyons
5820:
5813:
5795:
5787:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5749:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5626:
5620:
5613:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5583:
5575:
5556:
5549:
5541:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5512:
5506:Bloemfontein
5505:
5497:
5490:
5482:
5474:
5467:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5397:
5389:
5382:
5374:
5368:Aratama Maru
5366:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5338:
5331:
5325:Andrea Doria
5324:
5317:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5273:
5266:
5254:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5209:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5101:
5094:
5069:
5035:Chuuk Lagoon
5030:Calve Island
4938:Osborne Reef
4855:Portsea Hole
4845:Octopus Hole
4835:The Manacles
4760:Azure Window
4647:Rondo Island
4500:Gili Islands
4450:Calve Island
4376:Aliwal Shoal
4288:
4135:
4033:Main islands
3998:Homelessness
3966:Demographics
3891:
3803:Constitution
3778:
3717:Pele's tears
3707:Pele (deity)
3606:Halemaʻumaʻu
3462:
3448:Midway Atoll
3354:
3340:Penguin Bank
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3162:
3155:
3140:Midway Atoll
3134:
3024:Midway Atoll
2993:
2983:North Island
2978:Grass Island
2972:
2961:
2889:. Retrieved
2885:
2876:
2866:December 10,
2864:. Retrieved
2860:
2851:
2839:. Retrieved
2835:
2825:
2806:
2796:
2786:December 26,
2784:. Retrieved
2780:
2771:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2679:
2669:
2648:cite journal
2636:. Retrieved
2629:the original
2604:
2594:December 26,
2592:. Retrieved
2588:
2579:
2560:
2554:
2542:
2532:December 26,
2530:. Retrieved
2526:
2517:
2507:December 26,
2505:. Retrieved
2501:
2479:December 25,
2477:. Retrieved
2472:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:
2407:
2397:December 26,
2395:. Retrieved
2391:
2363:December 26,
2361:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:
2301:December 21,
2299:. Retrieved
2295:
2267:December 25,
2265:. Retrieved
2260:
2256:
2224:December 26,
2222:. Retrieved
2218:
2209:
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2180:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:
2105:
2066:December 26,
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2028:
2008:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1959:
1952:
1939:
1910:
1903:
1894:
1868:
1843:November 21,
1841:. Retrieved
1818:December 26,
1816:. Retrieved
1812:
1783:
1609:inches (mm)
1196:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1141:
1101:
1083:
1073:
1022:
1002:
990:stony corals
987:
974:Laysan finch
970:little terns
958:
937:
923:
920:noxious weed
913:
903:
897:
877:
874:musket balls
865:
861:
857:
855:
849:
838:
834:
825:, and large
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
791:
789:
783:
734:
726:
724:
718:
695:
690:
682:
676:Liberty ship
672:SS Quartette
671:
669:
662:
651:Later wrecks
625:Whippoorwill
624:
622:
617:Whippoorwill
616:
599:
576:
550:
546:
540:
533:
524:
516:
512:
504:
495:
491:
489:
484:
480:
471:
467:
462:
458:
456:
423:
414:
412:
406:
401:
399:
396:Nomenclature
390:
386:
378:
351:
331:
317:
312:
308:
304:
293:, a pair of
289:
284:
282:
257:
245:
243:
201:Demographics
167:
29:
8370:Wall diving
8297:Stoney Cove
8175:Ewens Ponds
8058:Pluragrotta
8023:Fossil Cave
7986:Boesmansgat
7818:HMNZS
7780:HMNZS
7682:HMNZS
7632:Thunderbolt
7611:Thistlegorm
7587:USCGC
7563:Sweepstakes
7540:St Lawrence
7131:Port Napier
7123:Port Kembla
7115:Pool Fisher
7108:Point Swift
6881:RMS Mulheim
6824:USCGC
6588:Louis Sheid
6541:Lady Thetis
6350:Island City
6065:Gallinipper
6033:F.T. Barney
5849:USCGC
5794:USCGC
5712:USCGC
5699:Clan Ranald
5590:USCGC
5584:Cape Breton
5520:Brian Davis
5504:HMSAS
5466:USCGC
5420:Australasia
5296:Al Munassir
5247:Aeolian Sky
5169:115 (barge)
5121:Ve Skerries
4993:Fungus Rock
4984:Snorkelling
4840:Magic Point
4815:Gamul Kebir
4805:French Reef
4597:Osprey Reef
4535:Sodwana Bay
4495:Għar Qawqla
4408:Bay of Pigs
4383:Amed (Bali)
4169:Kailua-Kona
4003:LGBT rights
3920:Unification
3818:Earthquakes
3808:Delegations
3712:Pele's hair
3692:Limu o Pele
3647:ʻAʻā (lava)
3616:Kīlauea Iki
3254:Kīlauea Iki
2891:January 14,
2886:Weatherbase
2836:The Inertia
2680:Environment
2547:Rauzon 2001
2450:October 23,
2202:Rauzon 2001
2033:Rauzon 2001
870:cannonballs
743:diesel fuel
727:M/V Casitas
688:salvage tug
645:booby birds
641:albatrosses
637:sea turtles
485:Deliverance
446:bathymetric
424:Holoikauaua
415:Holoikauaua
254:Holoikauaua
151:Archipelago
138: /
126:175°51′10″W
114:Coordinates
44:Holoikauaua
40:Native name
8452:Categories
8401:Category:
8247:Blue Abyss
8220:Wazee Lake
8215:Wast Water
8200:Rum Jungle
8048:Nereo Cave
7886:HMCS
7820:Wellington
7797:Warrior II
7654:Tokai Maru
7645:HMAS
7554:HMAS
7510:Stanegarth
7191:R.P. Resor
7059:HMAS
7046:Pedernales
6950:Northerner
6873:M.M. Drake
6749:Mercedes I
6732:USAT
6718:Marguerite
6571:USAT
6534:Lady Elgin
6463:Kashi Maru
6299:HMAS
6234:Hephaestus
6164:Gothenburg
5921:Ellengowan
5843:D.R. Hanna
5780:Cumberland
5759:Coronation
5734:HMAS
5728:Constandis
5642:Cedarville
5582:HMCS
5574:HMAS
5534:HMHS
5526:HMAS
5475:Binnendijk
5437:HMAS
5354:Appomattox
5224:HMAS
5203:Aaron Ward
5085:Scapa Flow
4850:Pope's Eye
4732:Weh Island
4637:Punta Cana
4577:Marsa Alam
4567:Malapascua
4393:Apo Island
4194:Pearl City
4046:Kahoʻolawe
3850:Hurricanes
3835:Government
3428:Kure Atoll
3293:Kahoʻolawe
3145:Kure Atoll
2689:August 28,
2638:August 26,
2115:0824823303
1764:References
1144:ghost nets
1057:parrotfish
1031:, various
947:Avian life
908:and seven
889:Plant life
807:Hiʻialakai
700:total loss
513:Manuokawai
328:Ghost nets
298:whaleships
206:Population
123:27°51′40″N
8412:Commons:
8118:Wondergat
8073:The Shaft
7964:Blue hole
7959:Blauhöhle
7913:Zealandia
7866:USS
7847:USS
7841:Wisconsin
7749:Vermilion
7747:USS
7669:Transvaal
7667:SAS
7595:USS
7494:USS
7471:HMS
7455:HMS
7449:Scrimmage
7439:USS
7407:USS
7348:HMS
7267:Rochester
7235:RMS
7129:HMS
7092:Piłsudski
7085:Pilotfish
7075:SAS
6991:Oslofjord
6982:USS
6863:HMS
6839:RMS
6803:Milwaukee
6787:Minnedosa
6726:Mauna Loa
6696:HMS
6668:Mayflower
6661:Marquette
6651:SMS
6638:Mackenzie
6628:HMS
6611:Lumberman
6602:USS
6596:L.R. Doty
6581:Louisiana
6547:HMS
6501:Kronprinz
6499:SMS
6486:Kittiwake
6335:Ironsides
6291:HMS
6186:Green Bay
6157:Goorangai
6149:Good Hope
6147:SAS
6116:HMS
6002:Fleetwing
5986:HMS
5943:RMS
5912:HMT
5898:Eber Ward
5890:Eastfield
5834:SMS
5786:USS
5757:HMS
5742:SMS
5677:Chaudière
5612:USS
5550:Bungsberg
5536:Britannic
5489:HMS
5481:USS
5460:Bianca C.
5446:Ben Doran
5411:USS
5396:USS
5381:USS
5345:USS
5316:USS
5303:Amaryllis
5280:USS
5253:USS
5216:USS
5210:Abessinia
5201:USS
5193:HMS
5185:HMS
5055:Loch Long
5040:Coron Bay
4880:Wolf Rock
4865:Sund Rock
4490:False Bay
4455:Capurganá
4423:Bohol Sea
4121:Maro Reef
4116:Lisianski
3976:Education
3823:Geography
3783:(capital)
3768:State of
3631:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
3621:Mauna Ulu
3564:and vents
3493:Daikakuji
3475:Seamounts
3443:Maro Reef
3330:West Maui
3325:Haleakalā
3282:Mauna Kea
3272:Mauna Loa
3266:Mauna Ulu
3262:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
3120:Maro Reef
2565:CiteSeerX
2263:: 333–334
1169:red algae
1049:angelfish
1047:or ulua,
696:Quartette
663:Quartette
547:Wiji Maru
545:schooner
340:Geography
309:Quartette
305:Wiji Maru
220:Time zone
101:Geography
8262:Deepspot
7741:Varvassi
7676:Treasure
7639:Toa Maru
7517:Stanwood
7409:Saratoga
7365:Saguenay
7357:Sagamore
7281:Rosehill
7189:SS
7170:PS
6984:Oriskany
6895:SS Myron
6889:Muliphen
6879:MV
6857:Monrovia
6841:Moldavia
6780:Mindanao
6764:Metamora
6757:Mesquite
6724:SS
6704:SS Maori
6653:Markgraf
6557:Lakeland
6456:Kamloops
6278:Hispania
6134:Glenlyon
6047:Fumizuki
6008:SS
5988:Falmouth
5858:Dunraven
5796:Cuyahoga
5766:Crusader
5744:Cormoran
5714:Comanche
5685:Chen Hai
5621:Carnatic
5614:Carlisle
5576:Canberra
5528:Brisbane
5491:Boadicea
5383:Arkansas
5339:Antilles
5318:Anderson
5226:Adelaide
5218:Accokeek
5103:Tulamben
4790:Eyemouth
4765:Cod Hole
4587:Molokini
4460:Ċirkewwa
4398:Apo Reef
4222:Honolulu
4209:Counties
4174:Kāneʻohe
4159:Honolulu
4066:Molokaʻi
4018:Politics
4008:Folklore
3993:Gun laws
3941:Abortion
3828:Seamount
3780:Honolulu
3387:Waiʻanae
3367:Honolulu
3335:Molokaʻi
3277:Hualālai
3240:Māhukona
3220:Windward
3209:topics (
2841:July 17,
2727:11827117
2422:June 11,
2338:June 11,
2187:June 10,
2148:June 11,
2124:43672509
1731:See also
1674:(1,050)
1605:Average
1118:signing
1061:lobsters
827:try pots
739:gasoline
543:Japanese
510:schooner
366:Honolulu
302:Japanese
250:Hawaiian
106:Location
8282:Nemo 33
8123:Zacatón
7920:Zingara
7906:Zenobia
7880:Yongala
7827:Wexford
7812:Waubuno
7782:Waikato
7589:Tamaroa
7441:Scuffle
7295:Rotorua
7288:Rosinco
7229:Repulse
7138:Preußen
7100:Pioneer
7069:Pewabic
7053:Persier
7039:Papoose
6935:Nipigon
6926:Niagara
6919:Niagara
6865:Montagu
6849:Monarch
6833:Mohegan
6795:Miowera
6645:Madeira
6604:LST-507
6573:Liberty
6549:Laforey
6200:Gunilda
6179:Grecian
6126:Gilliam
5969:Etruria
5961:Espagne
5937:Emperor
5836:Dresden
5706:Clifton
5543:Bud Bar
5453:Benwood
5439:Bayonet
5413:Atlanta
5405:Atlanta
5332:Antilla
5310:America
4870:St Abbs
4795:Fanadir
4707:Taganga
4682:Sipadan
4470:Cozumel
4433:Bunaken
4227:Kalawao
4217:Hawaiʻi
4199:Waipahu
4179:Kapolei
4164:Kahului
4101:Gardner
4088:Islands
4071:Niʻihau
4041:Hawaiʻi
3971:Economy
3961:Culture
3956:Cuisine
3929:Society
3910:Tourism
3892:Arizona
3855:Islands
3845:History
3798:Outline
3553:Yuryaku
3533:Nintoku
3503:Hancock
3498:Detroit
3488:Colahan
3473:Emperor
3408:Leeward
3377:Koʻolau
3356:Niʻihau
3250:Kīlauea
3245:Hawaiʻi
3020:Region
2563:: 276.
2296:Fws.gov
1182:Climate
1130:Threats
1053:āweoweo
823:cannons
819:anchors
764:salvage
719:Casitas
536:mammals
525:Laconda
434:History
313:Casitas
295:English
274:erosion
8433:
8205:Silfra
7991:Cenote
7874:YO-257
7868:Yancey
7763:Vienna
7756:Vernon
7716:U-1195
7647:Tobruk
7604:Thesis
7597:Tarpon
7524:Stella
7479:USCGC
7457:Scylla
7433:Schurz
7372:Sakawa
7350:Safari
7331:Russia
7221:Regina
7206:Rankin
7198:Radaas
7106:USCGC
6968:Oceana
6943:Norman
6912:Nagato
6826:Mohawk
6818:Miztec
6811:Mizpah
6755:USCGC
6690:Maloja
6670:(scow)
6565:Lamson
6508:Kyarra
6301:Hobart
6264:Hesper
6249:Hermes
6118:Ghurka
5929:Emmons
5736:Coogee
5635:Cayuga
5483:Blenny
5375:Arctic
5361:Aquila
5347:Apogon
5289:Algoma
5255:Aeolus
5096:Tulagi
4552:Ko Tao
4388:Anilao
4366:Akumal
4232:Kauaʻi
4189:Līhuʻe
4126:Necker
4111:Laysan
4056:Lānaʻi
4051:Kauaʻi
4023:Sports
3988:Energy
3900:People
3790:Topics
3770:Hawaii
3640:Topics
3518:Kimmei
3483:Abbott
3433:Laysan
3372:Kaʻena
3314:Lānaʻi
3307:Kaʻula
3300:Kauaʻi
3287:Kohala
3125:Laysan
2994:Hermes
2813:
2725:
2567:
2122:
2112:
2016:
1918:
1669:(100)
1649:(110)
1614:(130)
1211:Month
1193:Köppen
978:Laysan
878:Hermes
858:Hermes
835:Hermes
821:, two
811:Hermes
784:Hermes
745:, and
733:(NOAA)
633:sharks
591:pearls
551:Thetis
517:Gambia
468:Hermes
463:Hermes
407:Hermes
358:Midway
290:Hermes
270:islets
227:UTC−10
190:County
183:Hawaii
7888:Yukon
7709:U-352
7581:Tahoe
7503:Sport
7473:Sidon
7415:HMCS
7363:HMCS
7274:Rondo
7237:Rhone
7061:Perth
7031:Panay
6998:Ozone
6976:Onoko
6933:HMCS
6928:(tug)
6741:Mendi
6734:Meigs
6698:Maori
6683:Maine
6636:HMCS
6391:HMAS
6383:HMAS
6375:HMAS
6367:HMAS
6327:Indra
6319:Igara
6218:Haven
6155:HMAS
6079:USNS
6071:SATS
5883:Eagle
5851:Duane
5814:Dania
5721:Comet
5683:ROCS
5557:Byron
5513:Breda
5498:Booya
5282:Algol
4986:sites
4722:Utila
4184:Kihei
4131:Nihoa
4076:Oʻahu
4013:Media
3951:Crime
3880:Parks
3865:Music
3548:Yomei
3543:Suiko
3528:Meiji
3513:Kammu
3508:Jingū
3458:Nihoa
3410:Isles
3362:Oʻahu
3222:Isles
3100:Nihoa
2632:(PDF)
2621:USFWS
2613:(PDF)
2469:(PDF)
2253:(PDF)
2177:(PDF)
1944:(PDF)
1891:(PDF)
1865:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1664:(97)
1659:(89)
1654:(89)
1644:(84)
1639:(56)
1634:(58)
1629:(64)
1624:(76)
1619:(97)
1595:(11)
1590:(13)
1585:(15)
1580:(18)
1575:(18)
1570:(17)
1565:(16)
1560:(13)
1555:(12)
1550:(11)
1545:(10)
1530:(20)
1525:(18)
1520:(21)
1515:(22)
1510:(24)
1505:(24)
1500:(24)
1495:(23)
1490:(20)
1485:(18)
1480:(17)
1475:(17)
1470:(17)
1460:(23)
1455:(21)
1450:(23)
1445:(25)
1440:(27)
1435:(27)
1430:(26)
1425:(25)
1420:(22)
1415:(21)
1410:(19)
1405:(19)
1400:(19)
1390:(25)
1385:(23)
1380:(24)
1375:(27)
1370:(29)
1365:(29)
1360:(28)
1355:(27)
1350:(24)
1345:(22)
1340:(22)
1335:(21)
1330:(21)
1320:(33)
1315:(28)
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