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Burgoyne in
January 1847 expressing his agreement with all Burgoyne's views and reiterating his earlier arguments. Wellington's letter was leaked to the press by a friend of Burgoyne's wife and published in the Morning Chronicle in 1848 causing huge public alarm and a debate in the House of Commons. This led to discussions in the newspapers, which culminated in Parliament voting additional funds for naval and military expenditure. There was also alarm about the intentions of the
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81:. There had been a previous battery on the east bank of the river, but the new fort was built on the west bank. It consisted of a platform from which cannon could sweep the harbour mouth, with a barracks behind and a surrounding defensive ditch and wall. The fort was an innovative military structure, incorporating the new feature of a
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Also in 1846 Burgoyne produced a paper entitled “Observations on the
Possible Results of a War with France, Under Our Present System of Military Preparation.” This was a vigorous confirmation of everything Wellington had argued. A copy of this paper was sent to Wellington who wrote back a letter to
123:
In the 1840s both public opinion and MPs put pressure on the government to better fortify the south coast against a French attack. In 1846 the Duke of
Wellington wrote a public letter to Sir John Burgoyne, Inspector of General Fortifications, expressing his concern about the lack of defensive works
181:
A further barrack block was later built outside the fort to house additional troops. The 1861 Census shows a total complement of 70 men including a gunner, surgeon, drummer, officers, NCOs and privates. The armaments, brought by sea from
Woolwich arsenal, were three 68-pounder and two 32-pounder
110:
In 1756 the Seven Year War with France began and there was a concern about invasion. A battery was erected on the east bank of the river in 1760. This consisted of a bastion set at right angles to the river bank with seven guns which covered the river mouth and seafront. The rampart of this
135:
The Board of
Ordnance decided to build a fort at Littlehampton. Historian John Goodwin comments that "the War Office were worried that would enable the enemy to use the quays for the supply and reinforcement of troops landed to attack Portsmouth from the rear, prior to a march on London."
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Today (2011) the fenced off site is well presented from a viewing place on a wooden walkway laid across the sand dunes. A notice with a diagram describes what can be seen of the fort, that is the surrounding ditch, one of the bastions, part of the Carnot wall and the ramparts behind.
106:
A battery was planned for the east bank of the Arun at
Littlehampton in about 1587, but there is no record of it having been erected and no trace of it has been discovered. There was though a five gun battery at Littlehampton in the early eighteenth century.
169:
from which the garrison could fire at besiegers along the length of the wall. To the rear of the gun platform was a fortified barrack block. The fort was the first of its kind in the United
Kingdom; its Carnot wall and three open bastions made it unique.
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for the guns and no iron-cladding. The
Committee recommended an upgrade: “Littlehampton – Remodel fort and arm partly or wholly with heavy guns.” The upgrade was never carried out. The guns were finally removed in 1891 and the fort partially dismantled.
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and therefore is NOT the First
Palmerston Fort as has been alleged. The Palmerston Forts were built after the 1860 commission. Littlehampton Fort is now in a ruinous and overgrown state but largely protected by the Ivy that now grows over the walls.
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In the early 1850s planning began for construction of a new fort on the west bank of the river. The work was completed in
September 1854 at a cost of £7,615. Construction was overseen by Captain Fenwick of the
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running along its centre. This was designed to halt attackers attempting to cross the ditch. The wall itself had loop-holes for defenders to fire through. In addition, at each corner were projecting open
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The Committee on Coast Defences Report of 1873 found that Littlehampton Fort was inadequate as it only had smooth bore guns and it was weakly constructed with open bastions and no
144:.The main building work was undertaken by Locke and Nesham, a large London firm who had already constructed several public buildings including Wandsworth Prison. In addition the
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The remains of the old battery on the east bank of the River Arun in Littlehampton, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
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on the south coast of England, against possible attack by the French under the
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construction still remains incorporated into the amusement park called
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Wellington's legacy: the reform of the British Army, 1830-54
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372:(Report). Dover: Secretary of State for War. p. 87.
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Collinson, T.B.; Montague H.; Cumberland C.E. (1873).
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History of Littehampton Fort by Shoreham Fort website
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One of the open bastions and part of the Carnot wall
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Fort at entrance to the River Arun at Littlehampton
488:"Details from listed building database (1005809)"
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148:was built by the local firm of Robert Bushby.
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437:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
349:1861 Census, Office for National Statistics
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460:The Littlehampton Fort Restoration Project
370:Report of the Committee on Coast Defences
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917:Buildings and structures in West Sussex
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407:The Military Defence of West Sussex
156:The new fort was in the shape of a
493:National Heritage List for England
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922:Napoleonic war forts in England
416:The army and society, 1815-1914
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927:19th-century forts in England
472:The Palmerston Forts Society
409:. Midhurst: Middleton Press.
400:. Stroud: Tempus Publishing.
152:Description of the 1854 fort
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478:Victorian Forts data sheet
414:Spiers, Edward M. (1980).
886:Southern Terminal Redoubt
296:Goodwin p 42, Butler p 17
186:Later history of the fort
398:West Sussex Under Attack
611:Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq Redoubt
340:, London, 15 March 1855
124:along the south coast.
94:Previous fortifications
907:History of West Sussex
574:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt
433:Strachan, Hew (1984).
405:Goodwin, John (1985).
396:Butler, Chris (2008).
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825:Littlehampton Redoubt
338:The Morning Chronicle
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60:Littlehampton Redoubt
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912:Forts in West Sussex
474:Retrieved 2012-01-15
468:Retrieved 2011-05-21
462:Retrieved 2015-03-31
130:Emperor Napoleon III
119:Plans for a new fort
79:Emperor Napoleon III
37:50.80111°N 0.54389°W
881:St. Michael Redoubt
835:Shorncliffe Redoubt
651:Qalet Marku Redoubt
569:Redoute de Gravelle
418:. London: Longman.
63:, usually known as
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810:Freshwater Redoubt
805:Farlington Redoubt
800:Eastbourne Redoubt
742:Te Pōrere Redoubts
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222:Eastbourne Redoubt
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42:50.80111; -0.54389
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840:Woodlands Redoubt
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758:Redoubt Duijnhoop
732:Alexandra Redoubt
681:San Rocco Redoubt
626:Del Fango Redoubt
444:978-0-7190-0994-5
425:978-0-582-48565-5
269:Gooodwin pp 24–25
217:Dymchurch Redoubt
132:in 1852 to 1853.
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861:Cimarron Redoubt
830:Shoreham Redoubt
701:Windmill Redoubt
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553:York Redoubt
497:. Retrieved
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389:Bibliography
382:Goodwin p 41
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725:New Zealand
499:7 September
315:Spiers 1980
162:Carnot wall
83:Carnot wall
40: /
901:Categories
238:References
71:River Arun
25:50°48′04″N
767:Sri Lanka
192:casemates
182:cannons.
28:0°32′38″W
937:Redoubts
539:Redoubts
211:See also
167:bastions
588:Georgia
158:lunette
562:France
546:Canada
441:
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146:glacis
604:Malta
501:2011
439:ISBN
420:ISBN
73:at
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245:^
115:.
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447:.
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