357:
509:, or "free hunter", where pairs of experienced pilots searched for targets on their own initiative. Twice, she was forced to land due to battle damage. On 22 March she was wounded for the first time. That day she was flying as part of a group of six Yak fighters when they attacked a dozen Ju 88s. Litvyak shot down one of the bombers but was in turn attacked and wounded by the escorting Bf 109s. She managed to shoot down a Messerschmitt and to return to her airfield and land her plane, but was in severe pain and losing blood. While in 73rd Regiment, she often flew as wingman of Captain
697:
other tallies are attributed to her, including eleven solo and three shared plus the balloon, as well as eight individual and four team. Anne Noggle credits her with twelve individual and two team shootdowns. Pasportnikova stated in 1990 that the tally was eleven solo kills plus the balloon, and an additional three shared. Polunina has written that the kills of famous Soviet pilots, including those of
Litvyak and Budanova, were often inflated; and that Litvyak should be credited with five solo aircraft kills and two group kills, including the observation balloon.
636:
after uncovering more than 90 other crash sites, 30 aircraft and many lost pilots killed in action, "the searchers discovered that an unidentified woman pilot had been buried in the village of
Dmitrievka... in Shakhterski district." It was then assumed that it was Litvyak and that she had been killed in action after sustaining a mortal head wound. Pasportnikova said that a special commission was formed to inspect the exhumed body, and it concluded the remains were those of Litvyak.
454:(Adj.II./JG-3), injured in aerial combat with a Yak-1 on 14 September 1942 in Stalingrad area, when his G-2 fuel tank was hit, his plane somersaulted during the landing when he ran out of fuel flying back to base. He was critically injured, lost one leg and died of his wounds 10 November 1942. On 27 September, Litvyak scored an air victory against a Ju 88, the gunner having shot up the regiment commander, Major M.S. Khovostnikov, possibly Ju 88A-4 "5K + LH", piloted by
1318:
429:. Meier parachuted from his aircraft, was captured by Soviet troops, and asked to see the Russian ace who had shot him down. When he was taken to Litvyak, he thought he was being made the butt of a Soviet joke. It was not until Litvyak described each move of the fight to him in perfect detail that he knew he had been shot down by a woman pilot. But according to other authors, the first air victory by a female pilot was achieved by Lieutenant
647:
561:
1332:
389:, the commander of the group, and accompanying female ground crew, to the regiment airfield, at Verkhnaia Akhtuba, on the east bank of the Volga river. But when they arrived the base was empty and under attack, so they soon moved to Srednaia Akhtuba. Here, flying a Yak-1 carrying the number "32" on the fuselage, she achieved considerable success. Boris Yeremin (later
513:, a flying ace with a claimed total of 39 victories (22 shared). On 21 May, while training a new flyer, Solomatin was killed in front of the entire regiment in Pavlonka when he flew into the ground. Litvyak was devastated by the crash and wrote a letter to her mother describing how she realized only after Solomatin's death that she had loved him.
525:
Litvyak volunteered to take out the balloon but was turned down. She insisted and described for her commander her plan: she would attack it from the rear after flying in a wide circle around the perimeter of the battleground and over German-held territory. The tactic worked—the hydrogen-filled balloon caught fire under her stream of
279:. Historians' estimates for her total victories range from thirteen to fourteen solo victories and four to five shared kills in her 66 combat sorties. In about two years of operations, she was the first female fighter pilot to shoot down an enemy aircraft, the first of two female fighter pilots who have earned the title of
405:
719:
the small pieces in different colors and stitching them together. She would not hide her love of flowers, which she picked at every available occasion, favoring red roses, and would fashion these into bouquets and keep them in the cockpit. These were promptly discarded by the male pilots who shared her aircraft.
425:. Her first kill was a Ju 88 which fell in flames from the sky after several bursts. Then she shot down a Bf 109 G-2 "Gustav" on the tail of her squadron commander, Belyaeva. The Bf 109 was piloted by a decorated pilot from the 4th Air Fleet, the 11-victory ace Staff Sergeant Erwin Meier of the 2nd Staffel of
718:
Despite the predominantly male environment in which she found herself, she never renounced her femininity and she carried on bleaching her hair blonde, sending her friend Inna
Pasportnikova to the hospital to fetch hydrogen peroxide for her. She would fashion scarves from parachute material, dyeing
679:
Gian Piero
Milanetti, the author of a recent book on Soviet aviatrixes, wrote that an airwoman parachuted in the approximate location of the alleged crash landing of Litvyak's aircraft. No other Soviet airwomen operated in that area and so Milanetti believes the pilot was Litvyak, probably captured
696:
There is no consensus among historians about the number of aerial victories scored by
Litvyak. Russian historians Andrey Simonov and Svetlana Chudinova were able to confirm five solo and three team shootdowns of enemy aircraft plus the destruction of the air ballon with archival documents. Various
635:
In an attempt to prove that
Litvyak had not been taken captive, Pasportnikova embarked on a 36-year search for the Yakovlev Yak-1 crash site assisted by the public and the media. For three years, she was joined by relatives, who together combed the most likely areas with a metal detector. In 1979,
713:
She never believed that she was invincible. She believed that some pilots had luck on their side and others didn't. She firmly believed that, if you survived the first missions, the more you flew and the more experience you got your chances of making it would increase. But you had to have luck on
668:
has stated that the body was disinterred and examined by forensic specialists, who determined that it was indeed
Litvyak, Kazimiera Janina Cottam claims, on the basis of evidence provided by Yekaterina Polunina, chief mechanic and archivist of the 586th Fighter Regiment in which Litvyak initially
580:
ground-attack aircraft. As the
Soviets were returning to base, a pair of Bf 109 fighters dove on Litvyak while she was attacking a large group of German bombers. Soviet pilot Ivan Borisenko recalled: “Lilya just didn’t see the Messerschmitt 109s flying cover for the German bombers. A pair of them
687:
A television broadcast from
Switzerland was seen in 2000 by Raspopova, a veteran of the women's night bomber regiment. It featured a former Soviet woman fighter pilot who Raspopova thought may have been Litvyak. This veteran was wounded twice. Married outside of the Soviet Union, she had three
524:
manned by a German officer. German artillery was aided in targeting by reports from the observation post on the balloon. The elimination of the balloon had been attempted by other Soviet airmen but all had been driven away by a dense protective belt of anti-aircraft fire defending the balloon.
416:
In the 437th
Fighter Aviation Regiment, Litvyak scored her first two kills on 13 September, three days after her arrival and on her third mission to cover Stalingrad, becoming the first woman fighter pilot to shoot down an enemy aircraft. That day, four Yak-1s with Major S. Danilov in the lead
67:
584:
Borisenko descended to see if he could find her. No parachute was seen, and no explosion, yet she never returned from the mission. Litvyak was 21 years old. Soviet authorities suspected that she might have been captured, a possibility that prevented them from awarding her the title of
622:
on 1 August 1943, his 30th victory. (Dmitrijewka is where she was last seen and was reportedly buried.) This occurred before being rammed and killed by his own victim (the Luftwaffe combat report of the collision was 3 km east of Dmitrievka). Schleef claimed a
581:
dove on her and when she did see them she turned to meet them. Then they all disappeared behind a cloud.” Borisenko, involved in the dogfight, saw her the last time, through a gap in the clouds, her Yak-1 pouring smoke and pursued by as many as eight Bf 109s.
535:
Litvyak made an additional kill on 16 July 1943. That day, six Yaks encountered 30 German Ju 88 bombers with six escorts. The female ace downed a bomber and shared a victory with a comrade, but her fighter was hit and she had to make a
516:
Senior Sergeant Inna Pasportnikova, Litvyak's mechanic during the time she flew with the men's regiment, reported in 1990 that after Solomatin's death, Litvyak wanted nothing but to fly combat missions, and she fought desperately.
3089:
340:
in June 1941, Litvyak tried to join a military aviation unit, but was turned down because of lack of experience. After deliberately exaggerating her pre-war flight time by 100 hours, she joined the all-female
705:
Litvyak displayed a rebellious and romantic character. Returning from a successful mission, she would "buzz" the aerodrome and then indulge in unauthorised aerobatics, knowing that it enraged her commander.
3094:
3084:
3069:
1461:
676:
camp. In her book published in 2004, Polunina lists evidence that led her to conclude that Litvyak was pulled from the downed aircraft by German troops and held prisoner for some time.
3099:
672:
Cottam, an author and researcher focusing on Soviet women in the military, concludes that Litvyak made a belly-landing in her stricken aircraft, was captured and was taken to a
564:
Krasnyi Luch wall of Honor to the Heroes of War and Labor. Litvyak took off for her last mission from an airfield close to this city, where a museum dedicated to her is located.
303:
family. Her mother Anna Vasilievna Litvyak was a shop assistant; her father Vladimir Leontievich Litvyak (1892–1937) worked as a railwayman, train driver and clerk. During the
2905:
877:
one solo, Messerschmitt Bf 109. One source claims the victim aircraft had an "Ace of Spades" card painted on the fuselage. Another source claims that this kill was a bomber.
3039:
2608:
Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 - Teil 9 Tielband II Wom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad 1 May 1942 bis 3 February 1943
2067:
3044:
2855:
664:
Arguments have been published that dispute the official version of Litvyak's death. Although Yekaterina Valentina Vaschenko, the curator of the Litvyak museum in
726:
You see, he was not my type, but his insistence and his love for me convinced me to love him... and now, it seems I will never meet someone like him ever again.
493:
and Litvyak and Budanova were moved to the 296th Fighter Regiment (later redesignated as the 73rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment) of Nikolai Baranov, of the
356:
643:
posthumously awarded her the title Hero of the Soviet Union. Her final rank was senior lieutenant, as was documented in all Moscow newspapers of that date.
3019:
627:(often confused in combat with Yak-1s by German pilots) kill on the same day, in the southern Ukraine area where Litvyak's aircraft was finally found.
3034:
1345:
2601:
Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 - Teil 6 Tielband I Unternehmen "Barbarossa" Einsatz im Osten 22.6. bis 5 December 1941
734:. She has also been called the "White Rose of Stalingrad" in Europe and North America since reports of her exploits were first published in English.
3079:
3049:
3029:
2898:
1696:
1465:
3074:
2700:
2510:
2451:
2426:
2408:
475:
200:
2824:
The White Rose of Stalingrad : the Real-Life Adventure of Lidiya Vladimirovna Litvyak, the Highest Scoring Female Air Ace of All Time
3024:
441:
2033:
3064:
2891:
478:. From October 1942 till January 1943, Litvyak and Budanova served, still in the Stalingrad area, with this famous unit, commanded by
2831:
2777:
2654:
2625:
2590:
2571:
2550:
2529:
2489:
2470:
1489:
730:
Litvyak was called the "White Lily of Stalingrad" in Soviet press releases; the white lily flower may be translated from Russian as
471:
532:
On 13 June 1943, Litvyak was appointed flight commander of the 3rd Aviation Squadron within 73rd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment.
474:
rather than Yak-1s, that the women flew, and was lacking the facilities to service the latter. So the four women were moved to the
470:
Litvyak, Belyaeva, Budanova and Kuznetsova stayed in the 437th Regiment for a short time only, mainly because it was equipped with
3104:
544:
Helmuth Schirra, 4./JG-3 (MIA, Luhansk area). Another Bf 109 kill followed two days later on 21 July 1943, possibly Bf 109G-6 of
3054:
342:
195:
2502:
Le Streghe della Notte: La storia non detta delle eroiche ragazze-pilota dell'Unione Sovietica nella Grande Guerra Patriottica
2804:
2750:
2719:
2670:
2334:
408:
Restored Messerschmitt Bf 109G: The first fighter shot down by Litvyak was an aircraft of this type, flown by Luftwaffe ace
33:
540:. She was wounded again but refused to take medical leave. She shot down one Bf 109 on 19 July 1943, probably 6-kill ace
224:
315:. She performed her first solo flight at 15, and later graduated from the Kherson military flying school. She became a
3059:
510:
767:
440:
On 14 September, according to some authors, Litvyak shot down another Bf 109. Her ill-fated opponent was probably
2958:
619:
382:
669:
served, that the body was never exhumed and that verification was limited to comparison of a number of reports.
283:
and the holder of the record for the greatest number of kills by a female fighter pilot. She was shot down near
743:
586:
247:
2978:
1740:
755:
401:
to which she and Budanova were assigned, saw her as "a very aggressive person" and "a born fighter pilot".
1895:
805:
one solo, a Bf 109 (according to historian Hans D. Seidl, it was a kill shared with Yekaterina Budanova)
722:
Her comrade Solomatin is believed to have been her fiancé, and after his death, she wrote to her mother:
761:
498:
373:. In September, she was assigned to the 437th Fighter Aviation Regiment, a men's regiment fighting over
600:
3014:
3009:
2983:
2973:
1636:
790:
483:
462:
Johann Wiesniewski, 2./KG 3, MIA with all crew members. Some historians credit it as her first kill.
422:
1691:
2928:
1722:
1350:
1323:
521:
490:
398:
378:
308:
1949:
2953:
2849:
1504:
880:
one shared (According to another source, the shared kill was a Bf 109 while the solo was a Ju 88)
430:
390:
311:" and disappeared. Lydia became interested in aviation at an early age. At 14, she enrolled in a
2883:
2988:
2968:
2963:
2948:
2873:
2837:
2827:
2810:
2800:
2783:
2773:
2756:
2746:
2725:
2715:
2696:
2676:
2666:
2650:
2621:
2586:
2567:
2546:
2525:
2506:
2485:
2466:
2447:
2422:
2404:
1485:
835:
640:
526:
502:
426:
316:
182:
1500:
2943:
2027:
831:
272:
228:
164:
66:
2434:
Black Cross – Red Star. Air War over the Eastern Front. Volume 3. Everything for Stalingrad
2037:
1700:
1337:
673:
288:
323:
Airclub, and by the time the German–Soviet war broke out, had already trained 45 pilots.
2879:
Lydia Litvyak, The White Lily of Stalingrad: a new documentary by Stalingrad Battle Data
2002:
2938:
2933:
2878:
794:
749:
688:
children. Raspopova promptly told Polunina what she inferred from the Swiss broadcast.
386:
350:
346:
3003:
2688:
2500:
2443:
Flying for Her Country: the American and Soviet women military pilots of World War II
825:
786:
577:
537:
479:
418:
409:
268:
141:
1481:
731:
665:
611:
569:
494:
337:
284:
276:
219:
152:
120:
2342:
2712:
Stalin's Eagles—An illustrated Study of the Soviet Aces of World War II and Korea
2636:
2615:
2561:
2540:
2441:
2398:
998:
560:
451:
312:
304:
360:
A wrecked Junkers Ju 88: Litvyak's very first kill was an aircraft of this type
2787:
2739:
2068:"AVIOLIBRI - Soviet Air Women of the Great Patriotic war. A pictorial history"
1313:
593:
573:
545:
455:
374:
280:
37:
2841:
913:
The following table summarizes Litvyak's credited victories and their fates:
497:, so that they could still fly the Yaks. On 23 February, she was awarded the
2814:
2760:
2729:
2680:
2333:
Stockton, Harold; Tyminski, Dariusz; Bergström, Christer (9 December 1998).
394:
137:
2165:
646:
2772:. Moscow: Russian Knights Foundation, Museum of Technology V. Zadorozhny.
2463:
Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers
1628:
300:
2869:
370:
45:
17:
2583:
Amazons to Fighter Pilots: A Biographical Dictionary of Military Women
680:
by the enemy. The Russian aviation historian Anatoly Plyac, a former
624:
2606:
Prien, Jochen - Stemmer, Gerhard - Rodeike, Peter - Bock, Winfried:
2599:
Prien, Jochen - Stemmer, Gerhard - Rodeike, Peter - Bock, Winfried:
684:
major, told Milanetti: "Litvyak survived and was taken prisoner..."
945:
645:
559:
403:
355:
2797:
The Complete Fighter Ace: All the World's Fighter Aces, 1914–2000
2292:
2290:
2288:
1392:
1390:
1388:
709:
Litvyak could also be superstitious, as Pasportnikova testified:
369:
Litvyak flew her first combat flights in the summer of 1942 over
2522:
Soviet Airwomen of the Great Patriotic War - A pictorial history
1963:
1909:
592:
One of two German pilots is believed to have shot down Litvyak:
404:
320:
2887:
3090:
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union
2505:(in Italian). Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone, Roma, Italia.
1583:
1581:
681:
552:
Hermann Schuster 4./JG-3(KIA, near Pervomaysk, Luhansk area).
2617:
Wings, Women, and War: Soviet Airwomen in World War II Combat
2124:
2122:
2120:
1598:
1596:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
576:. It was her fourth sortie of the day, escorting a flight of
520:
Litvyak scored against a difficult target on 31 May 1943: an
1910:"Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries(S-Z): SCHUSTER, Hermann"
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
433:
of the 586th Regiment when she shot down the Ju 88 flown by
568:
On 1 August 1943, Litvyak did not come back to her base at
437:
Gerhard Maak of 7./KG76 on the night of 24 September 1942.
2265:
2026:
Redarmyonline.org. Kazimiera Janina "Jean" Cottam, 2006. (
1791:
1375:
1373:
1371:
2542:
Night Witches: the untold story of Soviet women in combat
2305:
Belyakov, Vladimir. Aviation History magazine, March 2002
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1433:
1431:
1429:
505:
and selected to take part in the elite air tactic called
2649:(in Italian). Edizioni del Prado/Osprey Aviation, 1999.
1932:
1930:
1928:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1830:
1828:
1806:
1804:
1655:
1653:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1964:"Luftwaffe Officer Career Summaries(S-Z):SCHLEEF, Hans"
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
816:
one shared, with Raisa Belyaeva, a Messerschmitt Bf 109
2524:. IBN, Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone, Rome, Italy.
3095:
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Ukraine
2432:
Christer Bergström, Andrey Dikov & Vlad Antipov,
845:
two solo, a Messerschmitt Bf 109 and a Junkers Ju 88
618:. Merkle is the only pilot that claimed a Yak-1 near
2419:
Stalingrad—The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943
2563:
A Dance with Death: Soviet Airwomen in World War II
1484:. – Rome: Istituto Bibliografico Napoleone, p. 211
243:
212:
188:
178:
170:
158:
148:
126:
106:
86:
76:
57:
3085:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1943
2738:
489:In January 1943, the 9th was re-equipped with the
2585:. Westport, Connecticut/London: Greenwood Press.
263:; 18 August 1921 – 1 August 1943), also known as
3070:Soviet military personnel killed in World War II
2647:Gli assi Sovietici della Seconda guerra mondiale
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
1396:
1353:, the only other woman credited as a flying ace.
291:as she attacked a formation of German aircraft.
997:Knight's Cross holder and 71-kill experte Lt.
607:, or Knight's Cross holder and future 99-kill
345:of the Air Defense Force, which was formed by
3100:Women air force personnel of the Soviet Union
2899:
2768:Simonov, Andrey; Chudinova, Svetlana (2017).
2400:Barbarossa—The Air Battle: July–December 1941
2362:
2360:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2177:
2175:
8:
2914:Soviet female fighter pilots of World War II
2826:. Midland House, West Way, Botley, Oxford.
2366:LW Loss Report (microfilm roll #11)-Vol. 20
2282:LW Loss Report (microfilm roll #11)-Vol. 19
2029:Lidya (Lily) Vladimirovna Litvyak (b. 1921)
1602:
1587:
2906:
2892:
2884:
2854:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2663:Stalin's Falcons: The Aces of the Red Star
2661:Polak, Tomas; Shores, Christopher (1999).
2003:"The Memorial to Soviet Ace Lydia Litvyak"
1882:
1795:
1614:
1552:
1540:
1482:Soviet Airwomen of the Great Patriotic war
1379:
869:one solo, an artillery observation balloon
65:
54:
3040:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
2770:Женщины - Герои Советского Союза и России
2335:"Marina Raskova and Soviet Female Pilots"
2152:
2140:
2128:
2087:
1437:
1346:List of female Heroes of the Soviet Union
793:(of E. Maier.) Another source suggests a
2241:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2054:
915:
299:Lydia Litvyak was born in Moscow into a
3045:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
2203:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2166:"Who was the White Rose of Stalingrad?"
1863:
1408:
1367:
377:. On 10 September she moved along with
2847:
2341:(in Polish). Elknet.pl. Archived from
2111:
2099:
1988:
1976:
1936:
1846:
1834:
1810:
1659:
1528:
2693:Heroines of the Soviet Union: 1941-45
2233:Bergstrom, Dikov & Antipov, p.168
1678:
1516:
1449:
1420:
7:
201:9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment
2641:. Moscow: Вестник Воздушного Флота.
2421:. Hinckley England, Midland, 2007.
2221:Die Geschichte der II./JG 52, p.308
3020:Aviators killed by being shot down
2323:LW Loss Report (microfilm roll #8)
2245:LW Loss Report (microfilm roll #7)
1741:"Oblt. Johann Wiesniewski details"
1629:"Ace of the Month – Lidya Litvyak"
907:one shared, a Messerschmitt Bf 109
25:
2745:. Greenwich, Conn.: Bison Books.
2465:. Focus Publishing/R.Pullins Co.
1690:The Eastern Front. Russian Aces.
904:one solo, a Messerschmitt Bf 109,
861:one solo, a Messerschmitt Bf 109
307:, her father was arrested as an "
3035:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1330:
1316:
888:one solo, a Messerschmitt Bf 109
853:one solo, a Messerschmitt Bf 109
639:On 6 May 1990, Soviet President
3080:Soviet World War II flying aces
2581:Pennington, Reina, ed. (2003).
343:586th Fighter Aviation Regiment
336:After the German attack on the
196:586th Fighter Aviation Regiment
3050:Russian people of World War II
3030:Military personnel from Moscow
2620:. University Press of Kansas.
2520:Milanetti, Gian Piero (2013).
2499:Milanetti, Gian Piero (2011).
2484:. Wiltshire England: Airlife.
2446:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
2296:Prien/Stemmer, II./JG 3, p.408
1950:"Fw. Hans-Jörg Merkle details"
1896:"Uffz. Helmut Schirra details"
1081:Gerhard Weber + gunner - MIAs
1:
2635:Polunina, Yekaterina (2004).
2461:Cottam, Kazimiera J. (1998).
1822:Pennington 2001, pp. 137-138.
1765:Pennington 2001, pp. 135-163.
1290:Bf 109G-6 W.Nr.20423 white 3
970:Bf 109G-2 W.Nr.13556 black 8
770:1st class (10 September 1943)
522:artillery observation balloon
34:Eastern Slavic naming customs
27:Soviet flying ace (1921–1943)
3075:Soviet women in World War II
2737:Shores, Christopher (1983).
2714:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub.
2566:. Texas A&M University.
2436:. Eagle Editions Ltd., 2006.
2397:Bergström, Christer (2007).
2266:"Sztálingrád Fehér Lilioma".
1501:Litvyak Vladimir Leontievich
1397:Simonov & Chudinova 2017
1293:Fw. Hans-Jörg Merkle - KIA (
205:73rd Guards Fighter Regiment
2799:. London: Greenhill Books.
2638:Девчонки, подружки, летчицы
1693:Lilya Vladimirovna Litviak.
1478:Gian Piero Milanetti (2013)
1041:Horst Loose - KIA (shared)
777:Aerial victories (credited)
476:9th Guards Fighter Regiment
349:. She trained there on the
3121:
3025:Heroes of the Soviet Union
2614:Pennington, Reina (1997).
896:one a Messerschmitt Bf 109
768:Order of the Patriotic War
701:Character and private life
257:Lydia Vladimirovna Litvyak
99:"White Rose of Stalingrad"
96:"White Lily of Stalingrad"
32:In this name that follows
31:
3065:Soviet Air Force officers
2919:
1745:Kracker Luftwaffe Archive
1727:Kracker Luftwaffe Archive
973:Obfw. Erwin Meier - POW (
813:one solo, a Junkers Ju 88
650:Memorial plaque in Moscow
261:Лидия Владимировна Литвяк
260:
81:Лидия Владимировна Литвяк
64:
2482:Air aces of World War II
2480:Jackson, Robert (2003).
2440:Goodpaster, Amy (2007).
2403:. Classic Publications.
2384:Fast, JG 52 Band IV p102
2314:Prien, JG 53, II, p. 569
2268:Retrieved 23 March 2009.
2040:Retrieved 23 March 2009.
1703:Retrieved 23 March 2009.
744:Hero of the Soviet Union
587:Hero of the Soviet Union
417:attacked a formation of
364:
331:
248:Hero of the Soviet Union
3105:Women military aviators
2979:Zuleykha Seyidmammadova
2665:. London: Grub Street.
1723:"Lt. Hans Fuss details"
1603:Polak & Shores 1999
1588:Polak & Shores 1999
1021:Unknown (80% dam, w/o)
756:Order of the Red Banner
3055:Russian women aviators
2375:Fast, JG 52, IV, p.102
728:
716:
651:
565:
413:
361:
2695:. Osprey Publishing.
2610:, Struve Druck, 2006.
2603:, Struve Druck, 2003.
2560:Noggle, Anne (1994).
2539:Myles, Bruce (1981).
2417:Bergström, Christer.
2207:Fast, JG 52, IV p. 76
1729:. Aircrew Remembered.
1507:database (in Russian)
1468:database (in Russian)
1270:Bf 109G-6 W.Nr.15852
1231:Bf 109G-6 W.Nr.20005
1193:Bf 109G-6 W.Nr.15204
1038:Bf 109G-2 W.Nr.14221
762:Order of the Red Star
724:
711:
649:
563:
499:Order of the Red Star
423:Messerschmitt Bf 109s
407:
359:
171:Years of service
2984:Raisa Surnachevskaya
2974:Yevgeniya Prokhorova
2822:Yenne, Bill (2013).
2795:Spick, Mike (1999).
2710:Seidl, Hans (1998).
2036:3 March 2016 at the
1747:. Aircrew Remembered
1712:Sakaida 2003, p. 14.
1699:4 March 2016 at the
1637:Gaijin Entertainment
1175:Observation balloon
791:Messerschmitt Bf 109
491:Bell P-39 Airacobras
484:Hero of Soviet Union
395:regimental commander
2954:Valeriya Khomyakova
2929:Yekaterina Budanova
2345:on 13 December 2011
1991:, p. 158, 194.
1922:Myles 1981, p. 232.
1351:Yekaterina Budanova
1324:Soviet Union portal
1078:Ju 87D-3 W.Nr.2948
1018:Ju.88A-4 W.Nr.3517
797:instead of a Ju 88.
785:two solo, a series
596:holder and 30-kill
548:holder and 28-kill
529:and was destroyed.
444:holder and 71-kill
431:Valeriya Khomyakova
379:Yekaterina Budanova
309:enemy of the people
144:, Soviet Union
71:Litvyak, c. 1941-43
3060:Shot-down aviators
1849:, p. 197-198.
1555:, p. 130-131.
1287:Yak-1b "White 23"
1273:Unknown (50% dam)
1267:Yak-1b "White 23"
1248:Yak-1b "White 23"
1234:Unknown (40% dam)
1228:Yak-1b "White 23"
1210:Yak-1b "White 23"
1196:Unknown (20% dam)
1190:Yak-1b "White 23"
1153:Yak-1 "Yellow 44"
1134:Yak-1 "Yellow 44"
1115:Yak-1 "Yellow 44"
1098:Bf 109G-4 "BH+XB"
1095:Yak-1 "Yellow 44"
1029:27 September 1942
1009:27 September 1942
985:14 September 1942
961:13 September 1942
939:13 September 1942
919:Date (dd.mm.yyyy)
810:27 September 1942
802:14 September 1942
782:13 September 1942
764:(17 February 1943)
652:
566:
414:
391:lieutenant general
362:
142:Ukrainian SSR
2997:
2996:
2989:Olga Yamshchikova
2969:Tamara Pamyatnykh
2964:Klavdiya Nechaeva
2959:Mariya Kuznetsova
2949:Antonina Lebedeva
2702:978-1-84176-598-3
2512:978-88-7565-100-8
2453:978-0-275-99434-1
2427:978-1-85780-276-4
2410:978-1-85780-270-2
2007:soviet-awards.com
1304:
1303:
1213:Bf 109G-? W.Nr.?
1101:Lt. Franz Müller
1069:11 February 1943
1049:11 February 1943
1035:Yak-1 "White 02"
1015:Yak-1 "White 02"
991:Yak-1 "White 02"
967:Yak-1 "White 02"
931:Pilot & Fate
836:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
830:one shared, with
821:11 February 1943
641:Mikhail Gorbachev
511:Aleksey Solomatin
503:junior lieutenant
427:Jagdgeschwader 53
383:Mariya Kuznetsova
317:flight instructor
254:
253:
183:Senior lieutenant
121:Russian SFSR
16:(Redirected from
3112:
2944:Klavdiya Blinova
2908:
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2339:WWII Ace Stories
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2131:, p. 73-88.
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2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2001:Sakaida, Henry.
1998:
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1974:
1968:
1967:
1960:
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832:Alexei Solomatin
601:Hans-Jörg Merkle
393:of aviation), a
332:Women's regiment
273:Soviet Air Force
262:
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165:Soviet Air Force
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2038:Wayback Machine
2025:
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2011:
2009:
2000:
1999:
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1987:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1926:
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1883:Pennington 2003
1881:
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1796:Pennington 1997
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1462:Award list scan
1460:
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1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1386:
1380:Goodpaster 2007
1378:
1369:
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1360:
1338:Aviation portal
1336:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1256:Luftwaffe (**)
1161:Luftwaffe (**)
1142:Luftwaffe (**)
1123:Luftwaffe (**)
1075:Yak-1 "Red 32"
1064:Luftwaffe (**)
1055:Yak-1 "Red 32"
1004:Luftwaffe (**)
1001:(Adj.II./JG-3)
956:Luftwaffe (**)
928:Enemy Aircraft
925:Aircraft flown
779:
740:
703:
694:
692:Number of kills
674:prisoner of war
662:
660:Manner of death
657:
633:
558:
468:
367:
334:
329:
297:
289:Battle of Kursk
239:
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2936:
2934:Raisa Belyaeva
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2864:External links
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2720:
2707:
2701:
2689:Sakaida, Henry
2685:
2671:
2658:
2645:Morgan, Hugh.
2643:
2632:
2626:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2578:
2572:
2557:
2551:
2545:. Mainstream.
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2264:, March 2009.
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2183:
2171:
2168:. BBC History.
2157:
2153:Milanetti 2011
2145:
2141:Milanetti 2011
2133:
2129:Milanetti 2011
2116:
2114:, p. 197.
2104:
2102:, p. 157.
2092:
2090:, p. 236.
2088:Milanetti 2011
2080:
2059:
2042:
2019:
1993:
1981:
1979:, p. 200.
1969:
1955:
1941:
1939:, p. 199.
1924:
1915:
1901:
1887:
1885:, p. 264.
1868:
1851:
1839:
1837:, p. 198.
1824:
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1813:, p. 152.
1800:
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1683:
1681:, p. 135.
1664:
1662:, p. 150.
1649:
1627:Barber, Mark.
1619:
1617:, p. 163.
1607:
1605:, p. 201.
1592:
1590:, p. 202.
1557:
1545:
1533:
1531:, p. 149.
1521:
1519:, p. 134.
1509:
1493:
1470:
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1452:, p. 120.
1442:
1438:Bergström 2007
1425:
1423:, p. 323.
1413:
1401:
1399:, p. 105.
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1281:1 August 1943
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1109:22 March 1943
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842:22 March 1943
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795:Heinkel He 111
778:
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758:(22 July 1943)
753:
750:Order of Lenin
747:
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661:
658:
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632:
629:
557:
554:
527:tracer bullets
467:
464:
442:Knight's Cross
419:Junkers Ju 88s
387:Raisa Belyaeva
366:
365:Men's regiment
363:
351:Yakovlev Yak-1
347:Marina Raskova
333:
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2655:84-8372-203-8
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2627:0-7006-1554-7
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2592:0-313-32707-6
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2573:0-89096-601-X
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2552:0-906391-22-9
2548:
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2531:9788875651466
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2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2193:, p. 14.
2192:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2155:, p. 80.
2154:
2149:
2146:
2143:, p. 79.
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:Polunina 2004
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1866:, p. 15.
1865:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1543:, p. XV.
1542:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:9788875651466
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1466:Podvig naroda
1463:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1440:, p. 83.
1439:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1411:, p. 57.
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1382:, p. 27.
1381:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1328:
1325:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:21 July 1943
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:19 July 1943
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:16 July 1943
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:16 July 1943
1183:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:
979:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
914:
906:
903:
902:
900:
895:
894:
893:21 July 1943
892:
887:
886:
885:19 July 1943
884:
879:
876:
875:
874:16 July 1943
873:
868:
867:
865:
860:
859:
857:
852:
851:
849:
844:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:
826:Junkers Ju 87
823:
822:
820:
815:
812:
811:
809:
804:
803:
801:
796:
792:
788:
787:Junkers Ju 88
784:
783:
781:
780:
776:
774:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
737:
735:
733:
727:
723:
720:
715:
710:
707:
700:
698:
691:
689:
685:
683:
677:
675:
670:
667:
659:
655:Controversies
654:
648:
644:
642:
637:
630:
628:
626:
621:
617:
613:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
590:
588:
582:
579:
578:Ilyushin Il-2
575:
571:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:belly landing
533:
530:
528:
523:
518:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
480:Lev Shestakov
477:
473:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:Erwin Meier.
411:
410:Unteroffizier
406:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:fighter pilot
266:
258:
249:
246:
242:
234:
232:
226:
225:Eastern Front
223:
222:
221:
218:
217:
215:
211:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
191:
187:
184:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
163:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
130:1 August 1943
129:
125:
122:
109:
105:
98:
95:
92:
91:
89:
85:
79:
75:
68:
63:
59:Lydia Litvyak
56:
51:
47:
44: and the
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2923:
2823:
2796:
2769:
2740:
2711:
2692:
2662:
2646:
2637:
2616:
2607:
2600:
2582:
2562:
2541:
2521:
2501:
2481:
2462:
2442:
2433:
2418:
2399:
2391:Bibliography
2380:
2371:
2347:. Retrieved
2343:the original
2338:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2261:
2191:Sakaida 2003
2186:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2062:
2028:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1958:
1944:
1918:
1904:
1890:
1864:Sakaida 2003
1842:
1818:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1692:
1686:
1640:. Retrieved
1632:
1622:
1610:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1496:
1477:
1473:
1457:
1445:
1416:
1409:Jackson 2003
1404:
1305:
1294:
1166:31 May 1943
974:
922:Soviet Unit
912:
866:31 May 1943
824:one solo, a
773:
752:(5 May 1990)
746:(5 May 1990)
732:Madonna lily
729:
725:
721:
717:
712:
708:
704:
695:
686:
678:
671:
666:Krasnyi Luch
663:
638:
634:
615:
612:Hans Schleef
608:
604:
597:
591:
583:
570:Krasnyy Luch
567:
556:Last mission
549:
541:
534:
531:
519:
515:
506:
495:8th Air Army
488:
469:
459:
448:
445:
439:
434:
421:escorted by
415:
368:
338:Soviet Union
335:
327:World War II
298:
277:World War II
264:
256:
255:
250:(posthumous)
230:
220:World War II
213:Battles/wars
153:Soviet Union
132:(1943-08-01)
49:
42:Vladimirovna
41:
29:
3015:1943 deaths
3010:1921 births
2349:31 December
2181:Myles, 1981
2112:Noggle 1994
2100:Noggle 1994
1989:Noggle 1994
1977:Noggle 1994
1937:Noggle 1994
1847:Noggle 1994
1835:Noggle 1994
1811:Cottam 1998
1751:5 September
1660:Cottam 1998
1642:5 September
1633:War Thunder
1529:Cottam 1998
1295:30-kill ace
1147:7 May 1943
1128:5 May 1943
975:11-kill ace
948:"White 02"
858:7 May 1943
850:5 May 1943
714:your side.
631:Recognition
598:experte Fw.
550:experte Lt.
466:Free hunter
313:flying club
305:Great Purge
287:during the
281:fighter ace
87:Nickname(s)
77:Native name
46:family name
3004:Categories
2806:1853673749
2788:1019634607
2752:0861241045
2721:0764304763
2672:1902304012
1679:Seidl 1998
1517:Seidl 1998
1450:Spick 1999
1421:Seidl 1998
1358:References
1297:)(shared)
1084:5./StG 77
1044:4./JG 52
934:Axis Unit
620:Dmitryevka
609:experte Lt
594:Iron Cross
574:Mius-Front
546:Iron Cross
456:Iron Cross
375:Stalingrad
353:aircraft.
295:Early life
259:(Russian:
149:Allegiance
113:1921-08-18
38:patronymic
2850:cite book
2842:794367005
1505:Open List
1300:1./JG 52
1276:2./JG 52
1061:(shared)
1024:5./KG 76
980:2./JG 53
507:okhotniki
501:, made a
452:Hans Fuss
174:1941–1943
138:Kozhevnia
2815:41540228
2761:10654365
2741:Air aces
2730:40125370
2691:(2003).
2681:41443884
2262:Aranysas
2073:10 March
2034:Archived
1697:Archived
1310:See also
1284:73 GIAP
1264:73 GIAP
1245:73 GIAP
1237:5./JG 3
1225:73 GIAP
1207:73 GIAP
1199:5./JG 3
1187:73 GIAP
1169:73 GIAP
1150:73 GIAP
1131:73 GIAP
1112:296 IAP
1104:9./JG 3
1092:296 IAP
1072:296 IAP
1052:296 IAP
1032:437 IAP
1012:437 IAP
999:Hans Fuß
988:437 IAP
964:437 IAP
942:437 IAP
605:1./JG.52
399:division
267:, was a
159:Service/
119:Moscow,
2012:13 June
1503:at the
1464:at the
1251:Bf 109
1156:Bf 109
1137:Bf 109
1058:Fw.190
994:Bf 109
616:7./JG 3
572:on the
472:LaGG 3s
458:holder
446:experte
397:in the
371:Saratov
321:Kalinin
301:Russian
275:during
271:in the
231:†
50:Litvyak
18:Litvyak
2840:
2830:
2813:
2803:
2786:
2776:
2759:
2749:
2728:
2718:
2699:
2679:
2669:
2653:
2624:
2589:
2570:
2549:
2528:
2509:
2488:
2469:
2450:
2425:
2407:
1488:
1172:Yak-1
1118:Ju.88
951:Ju.88
789:and a
738:Awards
625:LaGG-3
244:Awards
227:
161:branch
36:, the
1363:Notes
946:Yak-1
542:Uffz.
460:Oblt.
435:Oblt.
265:Lilya
136:near
93:Lilya
2874:IMDb
2856:link
2838:OCLC
2828:ISBN
2811:OCLC
2801:ISBN
2784:OCLC
2774:ISBN
2757:OCLC
2747:ISBN
2726:OCLC
2716:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2677:OCLC
2667:ISBN
2651:ISBN
2622:ISBN
2587:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2547:ISBN
2526:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2423:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2351:2011
2075:2016
2014:2019
1753:2019
1644:2019
1486:ISBN
834:, a
385:and
285:Orel
189:Unit
179:Rank
127:Died
107:Born
2872:at
682:KGB
614:of
603:of
449:Lt.
319:at
48:is
40:is
3006::
2852:}}
2848:{{
2836:.
2809:.
2782:.
2755:.
2724:.
2675:.
2359:^
2337:.
2287:^
2273:^
2250:^
2238:^
2226:^
2212:^
2198:^
2174:^
2119:^
2045:^
2005:.
1927:^
1871:^
1854:^
1827:^
1803:^
1770:^
1743:.
1725:.
1667:^
1652:^
1635:.
1631:.
1595:^
1560:^
1480:.
1428:^
1387:^
1370:^
977:)
589:.
486:.
482:,
381:,
140:,
2907:e
2900:t
2893:v
2858:)
2844:.
2817:.
2790:.
2763:.
2732:.
2705:.
2683:.
2657:.
2630:.
2595:.
2576:.
2555:.
2534:.
2515:.
2494:.
2475:.
2456:.
2429:.
2413:.
2353:.
2077:.
2057:.
2031:.
2016:.
1966:.
1952:.
1912:.
1898:.
1798:.
1755:.
1646:.
115:)
111:(
52:.
20:)
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