67:
1501:
784:, he notes that it had ten ‘Ottoman districts’ and, in addition, eight ‘districts of the Kurdish lords’. In these cases, when a lord died, the governorship did not go to an outsider, but to his son. In other respects, however, they resembled normal Ottoman sanjaks, in that the revenues were registered and allocated to fief holders who went to war under their lord. In addition, however, Ayn Ali noted that there were five ‘sovereign sanjaks’, which their lords disposed of ‘as private property’, and which were outside the system of provincial government. Ayn Ali records similar independent or semi-independent districts in the
31:
773:, with the note that ‘at the moment the Imams have usurped control’. These eyalets were, however, exceptional: the typical pattern was the eyalet subdivided into sanjaks. By the 16th century, these presented a rational administrative pattern of territories, based usually around the town or settlement from which the sanjak took its name, and with a population of perhaps 100,000.
776:
However, this had not always been the case. It seems more likely that before the mid-15th century, the most important factor in determining the pattern of sanjaks was the existence of former lordships and principalities, and of areas where marcher lords had acquired territories for themselves and
812:
chieftains with the note: ‘there are non-Muslim lords in the mountains.’ There were other autonomous enclaves in the Empire, whether or not they received formal recognition as sanjaks but, by the 16th century, these were exceptional.
1679:
194:
1874:
1245:
1672:
836:, corresponding with the government through him except in some special circumstances where the sanjak was independent. In such cases, the mutesarrif then corresponded directly with the
66:
187:
1665:
1437:
1500:
1635:
289:
and were used as the name for the initial first-level territorial divisions at the formation of the
Ottoman Empire. Upon the empire's expansion and the establishment of
180:
168:
1238:
1480:
840:. Most of the sanjaks throughout the Empire were under the rule of non-hereditary appointees, who had no permanent family of territorial connections with the area.
1510:
694:
228:
163:
1557:
1422:
476:("lance", "spear") from the streamers attached by Turkish riders. Shared banners were a common organization for Eurasian nomads, were used similarly by the
1859:
1231:
796:
ruled independently until the 19th century. There were other areas, too, which enjoyed autonomy or semi-autonomy. In the second half of the 16th century,
816:
In the 1840s, the boundaries of sanjaks were redrawn to establish equal units of comparable population and wealth. Each of these sanjaks was headed by a
1864:
1547:
1427:
1064:
1254:
943:
56:
895:
1453:
130:
1183:
294:
1552:
1473:
1432:
1417:
1392:
1361:
144:
124:
1148:
1869:
1542:
1326:
1044:
96:
1442:
1407:
970:
was used by some of its Arab successor states as an administrative divisions until it was gradually replaced by other terms like
487:
270:
741:
had 11. There were, in addition, several eyalets where there was no formal division into sanjaks. These, in Ayn Ali's list were
584:
1562:
1083:
777:
their followers. Some sanjaks in fact preserved the names of the dynasties that had ruled there before the
Ottoman conquest.
47:
1346:
108:
1468:
137:
1771:
1530:
915:
847:, each overseeing a major city and its surrounding hinterland. Initially, the civil administration was headed by an
1819:
1640:
1569:
491:
482:
1103:
1093:
837:
437:
212:
30:
1692:
1522:
158:
1296:
983:
939:
38:
This article is about the administrative territorial entity. For the region in Serbia and
Montenegro, see
785:
1376:
469:
1119:
An
Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire: From Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century
1099:
1371:
1013:
1706:
911:
714:
or earlier. These were Sultan-öyügü (later Sultan-önü), Hudavendigar-eli, Koca-eli and Karasi-eli.
376:
867:
reforms, the kadis were eventually restricted to judicial functions and administration ceded to a
1795:
1214:
618:
372:
449:
217:
1412:
1284:
1179:
1117:
1082:
and Other
Official Texts into Minority Languages". In Herzog, Christoph; Malek Sharif (eds.).
1059:
1040:
817:
781:
600:
1657:
1173:
1155:
722:
1688:
922:, along with a number of surrounding subdistricts. OETA East was formed from the sanjaks of
899:
580:
477:
464:
455:
433:
403:
380:
264:
1223:
1535:
1279:
738:
682:
562:
274:
260:
78:
717:
The districts which made up an eyalet were known as sanjaks, each under the command of a
1208:
568:
1258:
1078:
Strauss, Johann (2010). "A Constitution for a
Multilingual Empire: Translations of the
951:
919:
853:
766:
758:
750:
746:
726:
672:
343:
278:
232:
1853:
1801:
1621:
1330:
1306:
965:
927:
923:
903:
544:
326:
236:
101:
1366:
1574:
805:
801:
780:
In 1609, Ayn Ali made a note on their formal status. In listing the sanjaks in the
770:
762:
754:
742:
734:
730:
43:
526:, although these are now all obsolete or archaic. Sanjaks have also been known as
552:
244:
1837:
1089:
907:
891:
848:
335:
34:
The
Vilayets and Sanjaks of the Ottoman Empire around 1317 Hijri, 1899 Gregorian
1301:
1009:
1001:
829:
789:
718:
351:. During the 1864 round of reforms, their administrative duties were given to
321:
39:
17:
1614:
1597:
535:
362:
313:
804:
family, while Adana remained under the rule of the pre-Ottoman dynasty of
1813:
1730:
1381:
1356:
1291:
973:
877:) and villages, each overseen by an appointed official or local council.
868:
864:
606:
542:
441:
352:
317:
302:
250:
222:
1831:
1783:
1748:
1712:
1630:
1604:
873:
859:
833:
660:
495:
365:
348:
298:
286:
282:
46:. For various other places with a similar pronunciation in French, see
1807:
1777:
1765:
1592:
1351:
1005:
947:
793:
721:. The number of sanjaks in each eyalet varied considerably. In 1609,
558:
290:
256:
1742:
962:
After the fall of the
Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, the
910:. OETA North—later renamed OETA West—was formed from the sanjaks of
297:. They continued in this purpose after the eyalets were replaced by
828:
The sanjak was governed as a vilayet, just on a smaller scale. The
1736:
979:
809:
797:
705:
357:
29:
871:
and treasurer. The kazas were further divided into subdistricts (
550:
447:
242:
1789:
1724:
1718:
1626:
844:
338:
331:
1661:
1227:
309:
534:, although these more appropriately refer to the office of a
468:. The name originally meant "flag" or "banner", derived from
316:. The Tanzimat reforms initially placed some sanjaks under
418:
421:
412:
1149:"The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power"
604:
1875:
588:
832:
was appointed by
Imperial decree and represented the
424:
415:
409:
987:
971:
574:
273:
were a common organization of nomadic groups on the
1758:
1699:
1585:
1521:
1508:
1451:
1390:
1324:
1317:
1272:
1265:
788:in north-eastern Turkey and, most famously, in the
634:
622:
488:
to be used as the name for administrative divisions
406:
235:. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a
1213:, London: Intelligence Department, 1919, p.
704:The first sanjaks appear to have been created by
1175:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
857:) and the area equivalent to his jurisdiction (
612:
368:were also an important feature of each sanjak.
800:came under the hereditary governorship of the
695:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire
594:
293:as larger provinces, sanjaks were used as the
1673:
1239:
894:, the sanjaks were used as the basis for the
729:had 24 sanjaks, but that six of these in the
371:Sanjaks were initially carried over into the
330:. The districts of each sanjak were known as
324:; a sanjak under a mutasarrif was known as a
188:
8:
963:
898:. OETA South was formed from the sanjaks of
676:
566:
1172:Stanford Jay Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (1977).
666:
658:
652:
646:
640:
628:
27:Second-level province of the Ottoman Empire
1680:
1666:
1658:
1518:
1321:
1269:
1246:
1232:
1224:
1178:. Cambridge University Press. p. 84.
361:system of the early empire, fiefs held by
195:
181:
52:
1085:The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy
1012:derives its name from the former Ottoman
1106:) // CITED: p. 41-43 (PDF p. 43-45/338).
1030:
1028:
944:French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
498:. Alternative English spellings include
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1024:
992:and still claimed by the Syrian state.
896:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
886:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
733:had been detached to form the separate
116:
88:
55:
1203:
1201:
1065:Webster's New World College Dictionary
454:). The modern transcription varies as
1000:The unofficial geocultural region of
585:other languages of the Ottoman Empire
463:
295:second-level administrative divisions
7:
982:to refer specifically to the former
843:A sanjak was typically divided into
808:. In Lebanon, Ayn Ali refers to the
216:
978:. It is still used occasionally in
334:. These were initially overseen by
308:Sanjaks were typically headed by a
1860:Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
1154:. pp. 177–200. Archived from
737:. Anatolia had 14 sanjaks and the
25:
1438:Ministry of Trade and Agriculture
1865:Types of administrative division
1499:
402:
65:
1362:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
42:. For the village in Iran, see
347:) and thus identical to their
48:Saint-Jacques (disambiguation)
1:
708:
305:reforms of the 19th century.
1122:. Brill Archive. p. 125
543:
442:
375:before being reorganized as
251:
223:
1636:Vassal and tributary states
1423:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
988:
972:
635:
623:
605:
589:
575:
541:Sanjaks were also known as
169:Vassal and tributary states
1891:
692:
551:
448:
243:
37:
1870:Turkish words and phrases
1822:(Romanian principalities)
1497:
1039:. Macmillan. p. 50.
667:
653:
641:
629:
613:
595:
567:
227:, "flag, banner") was an
1693:administrative divisions
1428:Ministry of the Interior
1210:A Handbook of Asia Minor
1104:Martin Luther University
1094:Orient-Institut Istanbul
838:Ministry of the Interior
164:Administrative divisions
1751:(neighbourhood/quarter)
1459:(constitutional period)
1037:Bosnia: A Short History
677:
229:administrative division
1116:D. E. Pitcher (1972).
1035:Malcolm, Noel (1994).
984:Sanjak of Alexandretta
964:
950:in 1939, becoming its
940:Sanjak of Alexandretta
769:. He adds to the list
659:
647:
384:
35:
1377:Dragoman of the Porte
1147:Imber, Colin (2002).
986:, known in Arabic as
693:Further information:
587:, they were known as
436:transcription of the
117:Constitutional period
57:State organisation of
33:
1840:(Romanian provinces)
1014:Sanjak of Novi Pazar
557:) from their name's
277:including the early
1474:Chamber of Deputies
1433:Ministry of Justice
1418:Ministry of Finance
1393:Imperial Government
792:where the Khans of
355:instead. Under the
145:Chamber of Deputies
125:Imperial Government
1553:Armenian Apostolic
1337:(classical period)
1255:State organisation
472:reconstructed as *
373:Republic of Turkey
255:) from the name's
59:the Ottoman Empire
36:
1847:
1846:
1768:(feudal district)
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1481:political parties
1413:Ministry of Evkaf
1285:Ottoman Caliphate
1185:978-0-521-29166-8
1100:info page on book
1096:. pp. 21–51.
942:was ceded by the
782:Diyarbekir Eyalet
617:, "province") in
599:, "province") in
460:⟨c⟩
320:and others under
205:
204:
16:(Redirected from
1882:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1548:Eastern Orthodox
1519:
1503:
1484:
1461:
1454:General Assembly
1400:
1339:
1327:Imperial Council
1322:
1288:
1270:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1169:
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1153:
1144:
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1130:
1128:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1075:
1069:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1032:
991:
989:Liwāʾ Iskenderun
977:
969:
934:Mandate of Syria
745:and part of the
713:
710:
680:
671:, "eparchy") in
670:
669:
664:
656:
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615:
610:
598:
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578:
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571:
556:
555:
548:
478:Byzantine Empire
467:
461:
458:uses the letter
453:
452:
445:
431:
430:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
387:) in the 1920s.
254:
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183:
147:
140:
131:General Assembly
69:
53:
21:
1890:
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1849:
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1843:
1754:
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1563:Coptic Orthodox
1558:Syriac Orthodox
1536:Sheikh ul-Islam
1515:
1512:
1504:
1487:
1478:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1443:Ministry of War
1408:Cadastre Bureau
1401:
1398:(reform period)
1396:
1395:
1386:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1313:
1282:
1280:Ottoman dynasty
1261:
1252:
1222:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1158:
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1134:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1077:
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1072:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1022:
998:
960:
936:
888:
883:
826:
739:Damascus Eyalet
711:
702:
697:
691:
486:, and continue
459:
438:Ottoman Turkish
405:
401:
395:
275:Eurasian Steppe
213:Ottoman Turkish
201:
143:
136:
133:
82:
81:
76:
58:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:(sub-province)
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1733:(municipality)
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1624:
1622:Mutasarrifates
1619:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
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1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
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1539:
1538:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1511:Administrative
1509:
1506:
1505:
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1471:
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1410:
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1402:
1391:
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1387:
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1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:Reis ül-Küttab
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1325:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:Palace Schools
1299:
1297:Imperial Harem
1294:
1289:
1276:
1274:
1273:House of Osman
1267:
1266:Central system
1263:
1262:
1259:Ottoman Empire
1253:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1197:
1184:
1164:
1161:on 2014-07-26.
1132:
1108:
1070:
1052:
1045:
1023:
1021:
1018:
997:
994:
959:
956:
952:Hatay Province
935:
932:
887:
884:
882:
879:
863:). During the
825:
822:
727:Rumelia Eyalet
701:
698:
690:
689:Ottoman Empire
687:
657:, "diocese"),
492:Inner Mongolia
462:for the sound
456:modern Turkish
394:
391:
233:Ottoman Empire
203:
202:
200:
199:
192:
185:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
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141:
129:
127:
119:
118:
114:
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111:
106:
105:
104:
91:
90:
89:Classic period
86:
85:
84:
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79:House of Osman
77:
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70:
62:
61:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1887:
1876:
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1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1804:(subprovince)
1803:
1802:mutasarrıflık
1800:
1798:(viceroyalty)
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:(subprovince)
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1774:(subdistrict)
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1121:
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1080:Kanun-ı Esasi
1074:
1071:
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1046:0-330-41244-2
1042:
1038:
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1543:Christianity
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109:Grand Vizier
44:Sanjaq, Iran
1739:(community)
892:World War I
725:noted that
712: 1340
528:sanjakships
322:mutasarrifs
301:during the
1854:Categories
1838:voyvodalık
1834:(province)
1816:(province)
1780:(province)
1759:Historical
1715:(district)
1709:(province)
1691:terms for
1615:Sanjakbeys
1598:Beylerbeys
1586:Provincial
1318:Government
1191:2013-06-04
1126:2013-06-02
1020:References
1010:Montenegro
890:Following
830:mutesarrif
824:Government
790:Van Eyalet
719:sanjak-bey
532:sanjakates
1810:(nahiyah)
1745:(village)
1513:divisions
1357:Kazaskers
900:Jerusalem
675:; and as
654:Διοίκησις
648:dioikēsis
619:Bulgarian
583:. In the
536:sanjakbey
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377:provinces
353:kaymakams
318:kaymakams
314:sanjakbey
1796:hidivlik
1731:belediye
1631:Kadiluks
1605:Vilayets
1292:Seraglio
1090:Würzburg
1060:"Sanjak"
974:mintaqah
869:kaymakam
865:Tanzimat
818:muhassil
802:Janbulad
661:eparchia
630:σαντζάκι
624:santzáki
601:Armenian
363:timariot
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299:vilayets
1832:vilayet
1814:paşalık
1784:kadılık
1749:mahalle
1689:Turkish
1610:Sanjaks
1593:Eyalets
1570:Judaism
1523:Millets
1367:Nişancı
1352:Viziers
1302:Enderûn
1257:of the
1002:Sandžak
996:Sandžak
920:Latakia
916:Lebanon
860:kadiluk
851:judge (
849:Islamic
767:Algiers
759:Tripoli
751:Al-Hasa
747:Baghdad
723:Ayn Ali
700:History
668:επαρχία
581:Persian
524:zanzack
520:sangiaq
508:sandjak
504:sanjack
474:sančgak
434:English
381:Turkish
366:sipahis
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291:eyalets
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283:Mongols
271:Banners
265:Persian
231:of the
159:Millets
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1826:sancak
1808:nahiye
1766:ağalık
1727:(town)
1725:kasaba
1721:(city)
1700:Modern
1469:Senate
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948:Turkey
918:, and
912:Beirut
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904:Nablus
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596:նահանգ
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563:Arabic
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138:Senate
1772:bucak
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1152:(PDF)
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