1875:
etwa 90% am weitaus stÀrksten vertreten ... Seit dem Jahr 2001 gibt es des
Weiteren zwei Veranstalter, welche etwa einmal im Jahr so genannte GroĂ-Cons veranstalten, bei denen keine Maximalbegrenzung der Teilnehmerzahl besteht und in der Regel zwischen drei- bis siebentausend Live-Rollenspieler teilnehmen und auch Teilnehmer aus dem europĂ€ischen Ausland anzutreffen sind. (The first official LARP event in Germany most likely took place in 1994 under the name Dracon. Since then a steady rise in LARPs offered in Germany is recorded ... Also LARP events based in the fantasy genre are by far the largest here with about 90% representation ... Since the year 2001 there are two organisers who hold about once a year the so-called "big Cons" where there are no maximum limits to the number of participants and in which there are usually between three and seven thousand live action role-players including people from around Europe.)
1302:(Tychsen et al. 2006:255) "LARPs can be viewed as forming a distinct category of RPG because of two unique features: (a) The players physically embody their characters, and (b) the game takes place in a physical frame. Embodiment means that the physical actions of the player are regarded as those of the character. LARP participants may dress in the costume of their character and carry appropriate physical props (e.g., an 18th century militia LARP participant may wear a military uniform and carry a musket). Whereas in a RPG played by a group sitting around a table, players describe the actions of their characters (e.g., "I run to stand beside my friend"); in an equivalent situation in a LARP, a player would physically run to the appropriate point within the game space."
435:) determine the rules and setting of a LARP, and may also influence an event and act as referees while it is taking place. The GMs may also do the logistical work, or there may be other arrangers who handle details such as advertising the event, booking a venue, and financial management. Unlike the GM in a tabletop role-playing game, a LARP GM seldom has an overview of everything that is happening during play because numerous participants may be interacting at once. For this reason, a LARP GM's role is often less concerned with tightly maintaining a narrative or directly entertaining the players, and more with arranging the structure of the LARP before play begins and facilitating the players and crew to maintain the fictional environment during play.
2485:(Falk & Davenport 2004:129) "All LRP games of our definition take place within an agreed upon theme or narrative setting that provides the context for players' actions and character roles. This theme can be pretty much anything you can imagine; the possibilities are inexhaustible. To give some obvious and common examples, it may be fantasy and involve magic, heroes, and fantastic creatures, much like the game world settings of the classic tabletop role-playing games. Or, it may be realistic, based on historic events or contemporary life. Or it can be futuristic post apocalyptic environments, involving mutants and cyborgian characters dwelling in deserted cities. Or, it can be any combination of these"
345:. The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles. Play may be very game-like or may be more concerned with dramatic or artistic expression. Events can also be designed to achieve educational or political goals. The fictional genres used vary greatly, from realistic modern or historical settings to fantastic or futuristic eras. Production values are sometimes minimal, but can involve elaborate venues and costumes. LARPs range in size from small private events lasting a few hours, to large public events with thousands of players lasting for days.
1495:(Tresca 2010:188) "Where LARPs differ most from tabletop games is in the handling of non-player characters (NPCs). The physical performance necessary to pull off a performance in a LARP makes it impractical for a single person to handle many NPC roles. As a result, there is often a cast of characters who take on the roles of other NPCs. Unlike the players, the NPCs usually know the game's plot and have some idea of the narrative. NPCs, then, are a form of pseudo-player. They play the game, their characters have somewhat more limited goals, but they are ultimately constrained by the plot."
1085:
709:, meaning they are being themselves. Some LARPs encourage players to stay consistently in character except in emergencies, while others accept players being out-of-character at times. In a LARP, it is usually assumed that players are speaking and acting in character unless otherwise noted, which is the opposite of normal practice in tabletop role-playing games. Character knowledge is usually considered to be separate from player knowledge, and acting upon information a character would not know may be viewed as cheating.
683:
407:. This is distinct from tabletop role-playing games, where character actions are described verbally. LARPs may be played in a public or private area and may last for hours or days. There is usually no audience. Players may dress as their character and carry appropriate equipment, and the environment is sometimes decorated to resemble the setting. LARPs can be one-off events or a series of events in the same setting, and events can vary in size from a handful of players to several thousand.
989:
3131:
Konzack implies counter-culture, as characterized by The Lord of the Rings and Star Trek fan culture, Live-Action Role
Playing Games (LARPs), MUDs and MOOs; he further points out that women are actively contributing to the third culture as both authors and participants, notably in LARPs, cosplay, fan fiction communities, as well as establishing the Game Grrls phenomenon and female fan networks. Conversely, mainstream gamer culture has been commoditized and commercialized...
827:
957:
1403:(Falk & Davenport 2004:131) "The LRP player, like a stage actor, is a person who under-goes a transformation into a character. The character's costume and accessories, or kit, aids this transformation ... Physical structures may be used as game locations, and sometimes even purposely constructed to enhance the game world ... Players frequently use physical artifacts as props and tools in their role-play, primarily to back up their character roles."
1146:, but also treated affectionately as a "constructive social outlet". In the Nordic countries, LARP has achieved a high level of public recognition and popularity. It is often shown in a positive light in mainstream media, with an emphasis on the dramatic and creative aspects. However, even in Norway, where LARP has greater recognition than in most other countries, it has still not achieved full recognition as a cultural activity by government bodies.
1076:. Players are given different script options and are assigned characters to play through the murder mystery; these games often occur at dedicated gaming stores where players pay to participate. The style become popularized in 2015 "when reality shows with names like 'Lying Man,' 'Dinner Party Seduction,' and later 'Who's The Murderer,' showed celebrities playing whodunits" which led to the development of jubensha clubs that run games in this style.
2467:(Young 2003:7-8) "Live combat... requires the players' abilities to perform an action. You want to hit someone with a sword? You have to actually hit the player with a prop representing a sword, usually a padded weapon. ... Simulated combat is more abstract. It uses an external method that does not rely on player ability. For example, if you want to hit the other person with a sword, you may have to make a rock-paper-scissors challenge."
802:
56:
1930:(Tychsen et al. 2006:258) "Today, LARPing is a widespread hobby, especially within the United States and Europe, and caters to at least 100,000 players worldwide ... Professional, full-time LARP sites also exist ... a small industry has grown-up supplying latex weapons, costumes, theater props, and special effects, and numerous special effects and make-up artists work in the LARP environment for training purposes."
1103:, as opposed to traditional spectator arts. Participants in a LARP cast off the role of passive observer and take on new roles that are often outside of their daily life and contrary to their culture. The arrangers of a LARP and the other participants act as co-creators of the game. This collaborative process of creating shared fictional worlds may be associated with a broader burgeoning "
1522:(Tychsen et al. 2006:256) "LARPs ... appear to have developed based on inspiration from tabletop RPGs such as Dungeons & Dragons, more or less simultaneously in North America, Europe, and Australia in the early 80s. Players from all of these continents claim to have hosted the oldest LARP, however, it appears that LARPs developed independently and with marked cultural differences."
511:
1004:) have hundreds or thousands of participants who are usually split into competing character factions camped separately around a large venue. There are only a few fests in the world, all based in Europe and Canada; however, their size means that they have a significant influence on local LARP culture and design. At the other end of the size scale, some small events known as
261:
737:
302:
3318:(Fatland 2005) "The popularity of larp has recently made it a feature of 'common knowledge', so that a Swedish journalist may refer to something unrelated as 'larp-like', Finnish TV produces a teen soap opera about fantasy larpers, and a Norwegian professor of theatre history routinely ends his course by mentioning larp as the 'new theatre'."
3222:
outside observers, thus standing on the less acceptable side of the divide "between the people who do these things and the people who live these things", as phrased by one of my interviewees... The LARPers may seem, as some of my interviewees would suggest, too geeky (i.e., too freely creative and immersed in media, too focused on use-value)
456:) who fill out the setting. Crew typically receive more information about the setting and more direction from the GMs than players do. In a tabletop role-playing game, a GM usually plays all the NPCs, whereas in a LARP, each NPC is typically played by a separate crew member. Sometimes players are asked to play NPCs for periods of an event.
972:, LARP is characterised by a focus on interaction between characters that are written by the gamemasters, not using simulated weapons for combat, and an eclectic approach to genre and setting. Events in this style typically only last a few hours and require relatively little preparation by players and are sometimes played at
940:
scenarios that are only run once and those that are designed to be repeatable. While some LARPs are open to participants of all ages, others have a minimum age requirement. There are also youth LARPs, specifically intended for children and young people. Some are run through institutions such as schools, churches, or the
1463:(Tychsen et al. 2005:218) " forced to let go of the game and let it take on a life of its own outside his or her control. While based on similar principles, the requirements therefore very different in practice from GMs in PnP RPGs... The GM is generally, unless the LARP is small in terms of number of participants,
1184:, Ăsterskov Efterskole uses LARP as an educational method of teaching subjects to high school boarding students through interactivity and simulation. LARP groups are also using simulations of current and historical events and topics like refugees and the AIDS crisis to roleplay and explore these subjects.
2238:
system forbids certain sorts of physical action, and recommends against realistic-looking weapons: "A participant should never have to run, climb, or jump over anything... Participants should never, ever use real weapons, even as props. They should be extremely cautious about anything that looks like
2233:
system forbids realistic looking weapons and contact. From the "Basic Rules" section: "#1 - No
Touching. This means none whatsoever, even with consent ... #2 - No weapons as props ... real weapons or anything that even looks like a real weapon ... are a definite no-no." (Dansky 1996:136). Similarly,
1874:
Die erste offizielle LARP-Veranstaltung in
Deutschland, fand hochstwahrscheinlich 1994 unter dem Namen Dracon statt. Seit dem ist ein stetiger Anstieg der LARP-Veranstalungen in Deutschland zu verzeichnen...Auch hierbei sind die LARP-veranstaltungen, welche im Genre des Fantasy angesiedelt sind, mit
693:
During a LARP, player actions in the real world represent character actions in an imaginary setting. Game rules, physical symbols and theatrical improvisation are used to bridge differences between the real world and the setting. For example, a rope could signify an imaginary wall. Realistic-looking
665:
uses LARP to teach most of its classes. Language classes can be taught by immersing students in a role-playing scenario in which they are forced to improvise speech or writing in the language they are learning. Politically-themed LARP events may attempt to awaken or shape political thinking within a
599:
which is still played internationally and is probably the most commercially successful published LARP. The first German events were in the early 1990s, with fantasy LARP in particular growing quickly there, so that since 2001, two major German events have been run annually that have between 3000 and
3221:
Many of those with whom I spoke said that they have a number of different geeky interests, but draw the line at cosplay or live-action role-playing games (LARPs), hobbies in which players might dress in costume and act as a character... too closely resemble a child's game of "let's play pretend" to
2154:(Montola, Stenros & Waern 2009) "Some pervasive larps seek to engage in active dialogue with their social environment. The purpose of such dialogue can be politically or artistically motivated. These games have a message that is aimed either at the players, at bystanders, or society as a whole."
1230:
commented that "a report on China
National Radio last month voiced fears that too many of the scripts relied on murders, violent plots and sexual content, but others see the games as a way to get young people off their smartphones and back interacting with each other in real life". In October 2021,
623:
Most LARPs are intended as games for entertainment. Enjoyable aspects can include the collaborative creation of a story, the attempt to overcome challenges in pursuit of a character's objectives, and a sense of immersion in a fictional setting. LARPs may also include other game-like aspects such as
3130:
is characterized by an adolescent male sensibility that transcends physical age and embraces highly stylized graphical violence, male fantasies of power and domination, hyper-sexualized, objectified depictions of women, and rampant racial stereotyping and discrimination ... The "Geek" described by
1237:
reported that "advertisements for script-killing are prominent in China. The fact that it is a new industry is precisely the problem in the eyes of the authorities. Since the Covid-19 case that brought 'script-killing' to national attention, the game has been getting mainstream traction, inviting
1168:
role-playing conventions. The broader academic community has recently begun to study LARP as well, both to compare it to other media and other varieties of interactive gaming, and also to evaluate it in its own right. In 2010, William
Bainbridge speculated that LARP may one day evolve into a major
1123:
culture in general has become increasingly mainstream in developed countries, LARP has often not achieved the same degree of cultural acceptability. This may be due to intolerance of the resemblance to childhood games of pretend, a perceived risk of over-identification with the characters, and the
1320:(Fatland 2005:1) "The non-Nordic reader should, however, keep in mind that there are some differences between the Nordic and Anglo-American uses of English when talking about larp. Most importantly, we treat 'larp' as a word in its own right, not an acronym (L.A.R.P.), and it is spelt lower-case."
1259:
was beginning to draft regulations for script murder games and "soliciting public opinions". The draft regulations state that "the contents of such games must not smear the traditional
Chinese culture or contain inappropriate materials involving obscenity, gambling, drugs, and other elements that
1244:
commented that
Chinese "regulators are beginning to take notice of the genre's mature content. A story published Wednesday indicates that municipal and provincial authorities have now begun regulating content and demanding that some retailers remove certain materials from sale. As a result, some
763:
to determine whether characters succeed in hitting one another in combat situations. In
Russian LARP events, weapons made of hard plastic, metal or wood are used. The alternative to using simulated weapons is to pause role-play and determine the outcome of an action symbolically, for example by
939:
LARP events have a wide variety of styles that often overlap. Simple distinctions can be made regarding the genre used, the presence of simulated weapons or abstract rules, and whether players create their own characters or have them assigned by gamemasters. There is also a distinction between
1467:
responsible for keeping the narrative flow. The GM can however oversee the progress of the game and help or influence where needed... Establishing a hierarchy of GMs and NPCs to monitor the game and ensure everyone is entertained and activated within the shared game space is a typical way of
1111:
that is in turn associated with prolonged education, high uptake of information technology and increased leisure time. In comparison to the mainstream video-game industry, which is highly commercialized and often marketed towards a male audience, LARP is less commoditized, and women actively
747:
Many LARPs have game rules that determine how characters can affect each other and the setting. The rules may be defined in a publication or created by the gamemasters. These rules may define characters' capabilities, what can be done with various objects that exist in the setting, and what
474:
LARP does not have a single point of origin, but was invented independently by groups in North
America, Europe, and Australia. These groups shared an experience with genre fiction or tabletop role-playing games, and a desire to physically experience such settings. In addition to tabletop
1026:
Nordic larp emphasises a collaborative "play to lose" strategy, keeping rules unobtrusive, and often explores emotionally complex issues. The style emerged in Finland and Scandinavia during the 1990s with a focus on "collaborative storytelling around intense human experiences".
3478:
With ubiquitous Internet connectivity, and mobile access through cellphones or PDAs, it is possible this genre could grow into a major industry, possibly integrated with traditional activities such as history-oriented tourism, nature trail hiking, or stock market
1704:
In 1982, Walt Frietag and some friends at Harvard University "invented" what they called "interactive literature."... Frietag called his group the "Harvard Society for Interactive Literature", which was shortened to "Society for Interactive Literature" the next
3409:
That Lord of the Rings-induced stereotypical image of LARP started to crumble in the 90s as LARP based on anything from science fiction to Jane Austen began to emerge, taking gameplay from forests and castles into industrial halls, idyllic villas and city
459:
Much of play consists of interactions between characters. Some LARP scenarios primarily feature interaction between PCs. Other scenarios focus on interaction between PCs and aspects of the setting, including NPCs, that are under the direction of the GMs.
669:
Because LARP involves a controlled artificial environment within which people interact, it has sometimes been used as a research tool to test theories in social fields such as economics or law. For example, LARP has been used to study the application of
1477:(Bestul 2006:26) "Finally, a person may also participate as a type of stagehand. Though not all games will require them, it is occasionally necessary to have a support staff to help coordinate events and NPCs as a stage manager or running crew might."
1260:
could go against moral standards". The regulations also include additional rules for minors such as not allowing "underage customers on school days" and that "children under the age of 14 must be accompanied by their parents or other guardians".
424:) that the players may create themselves or be given by the gamemasters. Players sometimes play the same character repeatedly at separate events, progressively developing the character and its relations with other characters and the setting.
614:
is far more commercially successful and influential than anything we have seen before even in Nordic countries â and there is a good chance it might change our perception of what live-action roleplaying games are capable of in the future".
1811:...in the pioneering freeform tournament at Canberra Games Convention '83 participating players were members of the crew of the ship 'Sarten Valador'... rather than sitting around a table... the players move about the game environment...
603:
Today, LARP is a widespread activity internationally. Games with thousands of participants are run by for-profit companies, and a small industry exists to sell costume, armour and foam weapons intended primarily for LARP. In 2023,
1213:
reported that following the easing of pandemic restrictions in China, "more than 45,000 shops" opened with "nearly 10 million active players. It is estimated that soon the Jubensha market will reach 23.89 billion Chinese Yuan".
2353:(Tychsen et al. 2005:216) "Rules in RPGs ... focus on 1) How the fictional world operates; 2) How the players interact with the fictional world and its inhabitants and; 3) How the players interact with each other and the GM."
2494:(Tychsen et al. 2006:261) "The world setting or framework for the fictional world in which the game takes place varies greatly in LARPs. Generally, these can be divided into either real-world settings or fictional settings."
1225:
The popularization of script murder games and industry growth in China has led to both national and governmental attention with the Chinese government considering formal regulation of the industry. In September 2020, the
3754:
1256:
3421:(Waern, Montola & Stenros 2009:1550) "The community is well documented through annual self-reflective books published by the annual "Nodal Point" events where theorists and practitioners meet to discuss larp"
329:
represented by real-world environments while interacting with each other in character. The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players. Event arrangers called
1960:
1033:
commented that this style adds "distinct challenges, including the possibility of real emotional harm. To work out issues of how to keep players safe and push the limits of the form, the community gathers at
2266:(Tresca 2010:190) "Generally speaking, players in a larp are usually expected to be in character first and then signal their desire to speak or act out-of-character second, the reverse of a tabletop game."
1893:
1991 fand mit dem Draccon I der erste deutsche LARP-Con statt, womit unsere Zeitreise ein Ende hat. (In 1991 Draccon I, the first german LARP convention took place, which ends our journey through time.)
771:
There are also LARPs that do without rules, instead relying on players to use their common sense or feel for dramatic appropriateness to cooperatively decide what the outcome of their actions will be.
1641:, in 1981 the International Fantasy Gaming Society (IFGS) was formed, and it published a set of rules for an outdoor, fantasy role-playing game similar to the medieval-fantasy environment of D&D.
2910:
1197:
reported that in 2021 "the number of scripted murder enterprises registered in China totaled about 6,500, a more than 60 percent increase from the prior year, according to state-run media". The
2248:(Bestul 2006:28) "All of this, with the occasional exceptions, takes place in real-time, with the idea of game-time only invoked in certain situations (combat or emergencies, for example). "
1513:(Tychsen et al. 2005:216) "LARP scenarios can likewise vary from detailed scripts of each participating character, to a loose association of GM-controlled NPCs in a fictional world setting."
2819:
698:, which may be much faster or slower than the time passing for players, LARPs are different in that they usually run in real-time, with game-time only being used in special circumstances.
2558:
3705:
1161:
setting in the 1990s. Like many subcultures, LARP groups often have a common context of shared experience, language, humour, and clothing that can be regarded by some as a lifestyle.
3500:
809:
LARPs set in the modern day may explore everyday concerns, or special interests such as espionage or military activity. Such LARPs sometimes resemble an Alternate Reality Game, an
720:. Bystanders who are unaware that a game is taking place may be treated as part of the fictional setting, and in-character materials may be incorporated into the real world. This
582:, was the first recorded LARP game in the UK and influenced the fantasy LARPs that followed there. The first recorded LARP in Australia was run in 1983, using the science fiction
2375:
3765:
3561:
1072:), are murder mystery LARP games that emerged in China. Typically, script murder games can be experienced in a tabletop game format or a format which combines larping and
834:
Fantasy is one of the most common LARP genres internationally and is the genre that the largest events use. Fantasy LARPs are set in pseudo-historical worlds inspired by
779:
LARPs can have any genre, although many use themes and settings derived from genre fiction. Some LARPs borrow a setting from an established work in another medium (e.g.,
3531:
2503:(Tychsen et al. 2006:258) "Exclusively, the large LARPs with hundreds or more players are set in fantasy/medieval world settings, which is the historic genre for LARPs."
752:
between LARP events. Because referees are often not available to mediate all character actions, players are relied upon to be honest in their application of the rules.
1203:
reported that "the live action murder mystery market appears to have captured the imagination of China's urban youth before the Covid-19 pandemic emerged". During the
694:
weapon props and risky physical activity are sometimes discouraged or forbidden for safety reasons. While the fictional timeline in a tabletop RPG often progresses in
3329:
1950:
3393:
Montola, Marcus (2007). "Urban Role-Play: The Next Generation of Role-Playing in Urban Space". In von Borries, Friedrich; Walz, Steffen P; Böttger, Matthias (eds.).
2165:
925:, a series of short events held at regular intervals, and are also popular at conventions. An international chronicle is run by White Wolf's official fan club, the
2779:
1012:
LARPs feature a small group of PCs facing a series of challenges from NPCs and are often more tightly planned and controlled by GMs than other styles of LARP.
654:
In addition to entertainment and artistic merit, LARP events may be designed for educational or political purposes. For example, the Danish secondary school
1164:
LARP has been a subject of academic research and theory. Much of this research originates from role-players, especially from the publications of the Nordic
403:
The participants in a LARP physically portray characters in a fictional setting, improvising their characters' speech and movements somewhat like actors in
4713:
4698:
4174:
2945:
1430:(Tychsen et al. 2005:216) "In order to play, the players must have a fictional setting... In essence, the GM creates the magical circle around the game."
2902:
2512:
While many of these science fiction LARPs use rules created by the event arrangers, official LARP rules have been published for the popular space opera
1610:
1448:(Tychsen et al. 2005:218) "The GM may or may not be responsible for enforcing the rules between players... The GM can also be responsible of [
4784:
3599:
469:
2476:(Tychsen et al. 2006:255) "...a LARP can be very similar to improvisational theater, with only a few guidelines for rules and a very low-powered GM."
3292:
3264:
2876:
1329:(Kilgallon et al. 2001:1) "A live action roleplaying game is a cross between a traditional 'tabletop' roleplaying game and improvisational theatre."
871:
264:
4987:
2401:(Tychsen et al. 2005:218) "In PnP RPGs and LARPs, the GMs can be responsible for creating the rules, if an existing RPG rules system is not used."
1274:
1115:
LARP is not well known in most countries and is sometimes confused with other role-playing, reenactment, costuming, or dramatic activities. While
369:. Some of these terms are still in common use; however, LARP has become the most commonly accepted term. It is sometimes written in lowercase, as
224:
2807:
2567:
1222:, script murder games are "the third most popular form of entertainment for Chinese people, after watching movies and participating in sports".
567:
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1982:
1367:
Widing, Gabriel (2008). "We Lost Our World and Made New Ones: Live Role-Playing in Modern Times". In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.).
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823:
markers. LARPs can also be set in historical eras or have semi-historical settings with mythological or fantastical aspects incorporated.
3492:
2613:
2042:
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contexts such as festivals or art museums. The themes of avant-garde events often include politics, culture, religion, sexuality and the
4708:
3039:
3029:"Consequences of Co-Creation in Fantasy-Based Consumption Communities: Netnographic Analysis of a Live Action Role Playing Organization"
1157:-like fantasy, but it later broadened to include appreciation of other genres, especially the horror genre with the rapid uptake of the
237:
85:
3927:
Waern, Annika; Montola, Markus; Stenros, Jaakko (2009-04-08). "The three-sixty illusion: designing for immersion in pervasive games".
2416:
2364:
2257:(Waern, Montola & Stenros 2009:1550) " the players stay in character continuously (unlike American larp as reported by Lancaster)"
1207:, "Murder Mystery Game" (MMG) apps allowed people to play jubensha digitally and were "available to millions of people across" China.
3239:
2967:
2390:
While player enaction is emphasised, formal rule systems are commonly used for determination of the outcome of many character actions
3002:
Werkman, Rachel (2001). "Vampire: The Masquerade - a countercultural performance". In Lancaster, Kurt; Mikotowicz, Thomas J (eds.).
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It's to the film's credit that LARPing comes across as both completely ridiculous and as a valid, constructive social outlet
1765:
1726:
1439:(Montola, Stenros & Waern 2009) "Runtime game mastering is the process of influencing the flow of a game in real time."
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4121:
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288:
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in 1976, rudimentary live role-playing games based on the movie were run at US science fiction conventions. In 1981, the
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2316:
846:, and limited technology. Many fantasy LARPs focus on adventure or on conflict between character factions. In contrast,
2447:
2665:
2342:
Alternate reality gaming is the most widely established subgenre of pervasive gaming, but others are evolving as well.
2303:
LARPs blur the line between larp and life as the game spills onto the streets. The whole world becomes a playground...
338:
1412:(Tychsen et al. 2006:259) "Most LARPs are either scenarios (or single-shots) or campaigns (also known as chronicles)"
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70:
2610:"According to the survey, 8% of children had participated in role-playing events in nature during the last month"
2107:
Hyltoft, Malik (2008). "The Role-Players' School: Ăsterskov Efterskole". In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.).
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4355:
3149:
219:
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that crosses over with role-playing, fan, reenactment, and drama subcultures. Early LARP subculture focused on
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131:
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2937:
1486:(Tychsen et al. 2005:216) "The environment needs to be filled out with non-player controlled characters (NPCs)
1662:
1149:
Communities have formed around the creation, play and discussion of LARP. These communities have developed a
921:, which is a set of LARP rules also published by White Wolf. World of Darkness LARPs are usually played in a
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where players are assigned characters and encouraged to roleplay freely also resemble theatre-style LARP.
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500:
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1355:
Live-Action Role-Playing Games can take place in indoor or outdoor settings, in private or public spaces.
5002:
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851:
781:
589:
31:
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2134:
2095:
Nordic art larp is more about exploring a particular emotion, or taking a journey into your own psyche.
1887:
Jahnke, Alex (2009), "Gelebte TrÀume - eine (Vor-)Geschichte des LARPs", in Dombrowski, Karsten (ed.),
1504:(Young 2003:11) "The focus of interaction of larp... can be player to player or player to environment."
927:
917:
594:
548:
488:
988:
660:
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Some LARPs stress artistic considerations such as dramatic interaction or challenging subject matter.
4920:
4870:
4839:
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4419:
3991:
3683:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3166. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. pp. 127â138.
3100:
2811:
1633:
Warlocks and Warpdrive: Contemporary Fantasy Entertainments With Interactive and Virtual Environments
1199:
1174:
798:, together with rulesets, are often the principal creative asset of LARP groups and LARP publishers.
448:
198:
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controlling large fantasy LARPS. This structure is usually established before the game commences."
826:
4751:
4571:
4370:
3904:
2739:
2585:
2279:
Markus, Montola; Jaakko Stenros (2008). "Introduction". In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.).
1993:
1193:
835:
106:
1394:(Falk & Davenport 2004:128) "...live role-playing games are devoid of the audience concept."
712:
While most LARPs maintain a clear distinction between the real world and the fictional setting,
3873:"Live Action Role-Playing Games: Control, Communication, Storytelling, and MMORPG Similarities"
2528:
1827:
956:
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4844:
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2018:
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may help the GMs to set up and maintain the environment of the LARP during play by acting as
4890:
4812:
4671:
4640:
3896:
3625:
3469:
3028:
1215:
1154:
1029:
795:
791:), while others use settings based on the real world or designed specifically for the LARP.
648:
416:
322:
193:
101:
2412:
1311:(Tychsen et al. 2006:255) "LARP ... is the commonly accepted term in the gaming community."
1245:
store owners are now curating their selection to fall in line with government regulation".
4817:
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4397:
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4205:
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900:
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811:
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721:
644:
158:
55:
1692:
1421:(Tychsen et al. 2006:258) "Games range in size from a handful to more than 4,000 players"
907:
horror setting in which players usually portray secretive supernatural creatures such as
3852:
3432:
3330:"We play an important role: Role play-writers are losing the battle for cultural assets"
2440:"Larp instead of communism: history and evolution of live-action role-playing in Russia"
682:
4956:
4951:
4793:
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4414:
4385:
4268:
4253:
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886:
878:
843:
725:
3929:
Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems
3872:
3473:
3206:
854:. This describes a broad array of LARPs, including politically themed LARPs depicting
624:
intellectual puzzles, and sport-like aspects such as fighting with simulated weapons.
4981:
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2209:
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961:
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342:
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4375:
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4211:
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4033:
2716:. Jaakko Stenros, Markus Montola (1st print ed.). Stockholm: Fea Livia. 2010.
1132:
1116:
891:
636:
476:
274:
1383:...the participants sustain these temporary worlds for a few hours or several days
3871:
Tychsen, Anders; Hitchens, Michael; Brolund, Thea; Kavakli, Manolya (July 2006).
3359:"Connecting Worlds. Fantasy Role-Playing Games, Ritual Acts and the Magic Circle"
1951:"Jubensha: the mix of Cluedo, Werewolf and LARP that became a Chinese phenomenon"
1860:
Live Action Role Playing. Die Entwicklung realer Kompetenzen in virtuellen Welten
1749:
1718:
705:, meaning they are actively representing their character, and when the player is
4875:
4741:
4736:
4563:
4523:
4312:
4127:
4115:
4043:
3783:
3594:
1955:
1247:
1209:
1138:
1089:
1073:
1021:
867:
850:
LARPs take place in futuristic settings with high technology and sometimes with
760:
756:
740:
671:
628:
606:
519:
492:
379:
178:
2073:
1577:
1038:, an annual meeting that is as much hardcore game jam as academic conference".
510:
4849:
4834:
4607:
4322:
4185:
4099:
4069:
3433:"Player talkâthe functions of communication in multiplayer role-playing games"
3115:
1909:
1165:
1150:
1035:
728:
where bystanders are an audience which can remain apart from the performance.
554:
331:
188:
153:
124:
3900:
3444:
3369:
2872:
2775:
2731:
2661:
2327:
2038:
4925:
4895:
4854:
4731:
4533:
4505:
4424:
4365:
4087:
3973:
has extensive documentation of this style of playing, and of specific larps.
3851:
Tychsen, Anders; Hitchens, Michael; Brolund, Thea; Kavakli, Manolya (2005).
3627:
Cthulhu Lives!: A Descriptive Study of the H.P. Lovecraft Historical Society
2514:
2439:
1799:
993:
863:
820:
816:
687:
610:
reported that "China has developed its own LARP phenomenon in recent years.
443:
384:
4284:
2649:
736:
3395:
Space Time Play. Computer Games, Architecture and Urbanism: the Next Level
2938:"China's version of the Satanic Panic has the government regulating LARPs"
2711:
4905:
4597:
4583:
4558:
4543:
4538:
4528:
4518:
4409:
4360:
4258:
4216:
4132:
1188:
1143:
1099:
Roleplaying may be seen as part of a movement in Western culture towards
1047:
912:
855:
792:
640:
528:
515:
3590:"China plans to prohibit murder mystery games for minors on school days"
4617:
4602:
4578:
4513:
4456:
4404:
4380:
4297:
4278:
4226:
4163:
4158:
3466:
Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services #13
1269:
1181:
1093:
945:
908:
533:
3736:
Rules to Live by: A Live Action Roleplaying Conflict Resolution System
3170:
301:
4966:
4490:
4332:
4327:
4007:
1832:
1238:
official concerns and possible future regulations". In October 2022,
941:
859:
383:
used in film and video to differentiate works with human actors from
3366:
Proceedings of DiGRA 2005 Conference: Changing Views--Worlds in Play
2903:"China's youth flock to murder role-playing to escape everyday life"
2861:"China's Latest Craze: Scripted Murders, With Real Tears and Piracy"
1124:
absence of mass marketing. In US films such as the 2006 documentary
3963:
4762:
4553:
4337:
4307:
4180:
4094:
3196:"The Well-Dressed Geek: Media Appropriation and Subcultural Style"
1654:
1120:
1083:
987:
955:
825:
800:
735:
681:
509:
2444:
Larp graffiti: preistoria e presente dei giochi di ruolo dal vivo
716:
LARPs mingle fiction with modern reality in a fashion similar to
4622:
4302:
4292:
2686:
1104:
532:, which was founded in 1977 in the United States and focuses on
4766:
3980:
3857:
The Second Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment
1889:
LARP: Hinter den Kulissen. Aufsatzsammlung zum MittelPunkt 2009
815:
game, or a military simulation using live combat with airsoft,
2808:"China youth escape reality in 'Whodunnit?' role-playing boom"
2239:
a real weapon - police get nervous." (Kilgallon et al. 2001:2)
1828:"A Brief History of Game #11: WHITE WOLF, PART ONE: 1986-1995"
1450:
755:
Some LARP rules call for the use of simulated weapons such as
27:
Form of role-playing game where participants act out the roles
3464:
Bainbridge, William Sims (2010). "Online Multiplayer Games".
334:
decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.
3674:"Live Role-Playing Games: Implications for Pervasive Gaming"
3524:"Beyond Dungeons and Dragons: can role play save the world?"
3368:. Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA). Archived from
3114:. Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA). Archived from
3074:. Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA). Archived from
3027:
Baker, Andrew; Curasi, Carolyn (2008). Baker, Andrew (ed.).
3493:"At This Danish School, LARPing Is the Future of Education"
2326:. The University of Tokyo. pp. 178â185. Archived from
2023:. Dissertation. Maastricht University: Zauberfeder Verlag.
552:. IFGS was named after a fictional group in the 1981 novel
3976:
3859:. Creativity and Cognition Studios Press. pp. 215â222
600:
7000 players each and attract players from around Europe.
3706:"Knutepunkt and Nordic Live Role-playing: a crash course"
3554:"China Trying to Snuff Murder Mystery Role-Playing Games"
2650:"New Book Investigates the Wide, Wonderful World of LARP"
3931:. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM.
3753:
Montola, Markus; Stenros, Jaakko; Waern, Annika (2009).
337:
The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by
3205:. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from
1298:
1296:
1294:
3755:"Philosophies and strategies of pervasive larp design"
1142:, fantasy LARP is depicted as somewhat ridiculous and
2274:
2272:
2135:"Student perceptions of interactive drama activities"
1218:
commented that, per the Chinese market research firm
2074:"Fantasy dressing up for live-action roleplay games"
1821:
1819:
1454:] hunting down cheaters or other rule breakers."
4939:
4863:
4800:
4724:
4631:
4470:
4346:
4246:
4108:
4052:
4021:
4014:
3734:Kilgallon, John; Sandy Antunes; Mike Young (2001).
3112:
Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 Conference: Situated Play
3038:. Vol. 35. Association for Consumer Research.
635:events have especially experimental approaches and
475:role-playing, LARP is rooted in childhood games of
2324:Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 Situated Play conference
3468:. Vol. 1. Morgan & Claypool. p. 3.
3143:
3141:
3139:
1000:Some very large events known as fests (short for
558:, which described futuristic LARPs. In 1982, the
701:There is a distinction between when a player is
321:where the participants physically portray their
2208:. Hamilton: McMaster University. Archived from
2317:"Tangible Pleasures of Pervasive Role-Playing"
2164:Andersen, Anita Myhre; Aarebrot, Erik (2009).
948:has an especially high number of youth LARPs.
325:. The players pursue goals within a fictional
4778:
3992:
3352:
3350:
536:battles. Soon after the release of the movie
305:Players dressed in character for a LARP event
282:
8:
3431:Drachen, Anders; Smith, Jonas Heide (2008).
3332:(in Norwegian). Klassekampen. Archived from
960:A theatre-style LARP in a decorated room at
3834:The Evolution of Fantasy Role-Playing Games
3155:. In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.).
2975:Interacting Arts - International Issue 2005
2859:Paybarah, Azi; Niu, Isabelle (2021-10-16).
2363:Hitchens, Michael; Drachen, Anders (2009).
2202:"The Role of Detection in Rule Enforcement"
1187:In China, the script murder game industry (
1057:
895:rules. The World of Darkness, published by
30:"Larp" redirects here. For other uses, see
4785:
4771:
4763:
4018:
3999:
3985:
3977:
3439:. Vol. 6, no. 4. New York: ACM.
3101:Jacquelyn Ford Morie, Jacquelyn Ford Morie
2764:"My 4 Days in Fake Gay-Conversion Therapy"
2438:Kann, Taisia; Rozhkov, Viacheslav (2010).
1534:"Larps and their Cousins through the Ages"
289:
275:
54:
38:
3890:
2446:. Larp Symposium 2010. pp. 171â182.
2144:. Vol. 2, no. 3. pp. 1â26.
639:aspirations and are occasionally held in
546:(IFGS) started, with rules influenced by
470:History of live action role-playing games
410:Events are put on for the benefit of the
2689:. International Fantasy Gaming Society.
1637:As a likely result of the popularity of
1112:contribute as authors and participants.
1092:tournament during the Tracon 9 event in
300:
3294:Monster Camp: The Story Of Nero Seattle
3065:"Geek Culture: The 3rd Counter-Culture"
2822:from the original on September 18, 2020
2295:The third and youngest design ideal is
1685:"Theatre Style Live Roleplaying Events"
1341:Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals
1290:
1275:List of live action role-playing groups
842:. These settings typically have magic,
838:and fantasy role-playing games such as
211:
168:
93:
62:
46:
3809:Russo, Anthony; Heinig, Scott (1996).
2832:
2737:
2593:
2583:
2365:"The many faces of role-playing games"
1539:. In Donnis, Gade & Thorup (ed.).
1339:Salen, Katie; Zimmerman, Eric (2003).
1255:, reported in April 2023 that China's
566:(LARPA), formed as the first recorded
4452:Organization for Transformative Works
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3150:"About the Community of Role-Players"
2931:
2929:
2927:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2757:
2755:
2372:International Journal of Role-Playing
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
7:
2913:from the original on October 5, 2021
2762:Anthony, Jason (September 1, 2022).
1191:) has continued to grow since 2015.
686:A medieval LARP venue, the Duchy of
674:to the development of criminal law.
544:International Fantasy Gaming Society
526:The earliest recorded LARP group is
438:Participants sometimes known as the
3681:Entertainment Computing â ICEC 2004
2560:Notes on designing repeatable larps
2413:"How To Become a Real Space Marine"
1729:from the original on April 19, 2022
1052:Script murder games, also known as
992:A battle with 2000 participants at
915:. This setting can be played using
862:societies and settings inspired by
768:or comparing character attributes.
564:Live Action Roleplayers Association
260:
2977:. Interacting Arts. Archived from
2529:"Interview with Robert McLaughlin"
1949:Ghorbanpour, Kamiab (2023-03-23).
1826:Appelcline, Shannon (2007-02-01).
560:Society for Interactive Literature
353:LARP has also been referred to as
25:
3764:. Knutepunkt 2009. Archived from
3762:Larp, the Universe and Everything
3715:. Knudepunkt 2005. Archived from
3474:10.2200/S00232ED1V01Y200912ICR013
2968:"Postmodernity and participation"
2623:. Knudepunkt 2005. Archived from
2566:. Knutepunkt 2009. Archived from
2411:Ed Grabianowski (June 27, 2008).
2175:. Knutepunkt 2009. Archived from
2173:Larp, the Universe and Everything
1992:. Knudepunkt 2003. Archived from
1543:. Knudepunkt 2007. Archived from
387:. Playing a LARP is often called
377:in LARP is analogous to the term
4911:Augmented reality tabletop games
3811:Star Wars Live-Action Adventures
3522:Reith-Banks, Tash (2018-03-26).
3437:Computers in Entertainment (CIE)
3099:Fron, Janine; Fullerton, Tracy;
2973:. In Haggren, Kristoffer (ed.).
2648:Gilsdorf, Ethan (May 11, 2012).
889:, sometimes using the published
505:Society for Creative Anachronism
259:
3915:from the original on 2010-06-17
3602:from the original on 2023-04-15
3564:from the original on 2023-04-14
3534:from the original on 2021-04-20
3503:from the original on 2020-01-31
3242:from the original on 2021-02-24
3045:from the original on 2021-03-02
2948:from the original on 2022-10-14
2879:from the original on 2023-05-15
2782:from the original on 2023-06-09
2693:from the original on 2021-02-28
2668:from the original on 2023-05-19
2539:from the original on 2021-02-25
2518:, see (Russo & Heinig 1996)
2450:from the original on 2021-02-24
2419:from the original on 2010-06-04
2381:from the original on 2021-06-19
2086:from the original on 2016-08-02
2045:from the original on 2021-03-08
1963:from the original on 2023-04-24
1840:from the original on 2007-05-23
1768:from the original on 2024-05-10
1754:. Routledge. pp. 194â196.
1665:from the original on 2021-06-26
1613:from the original on 2021-04-12
1257:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
647:. Such LARPs are common in the
4988:Live-action role-playing games
4886:Live action role-playing games
3643:Dansky, Richard E. (Developer)
3328:MĂŒller, Olav Brostrup (2008).
3203:Proceedings of MiT5 conference
2315:Markus, Montola (2007-09-24).
2072:Bressanin, Anna (2012-05-02).
1683:Olmstead-Dean, Gordon (1998).
18:Live-action role-playing games
1:
4435:Live action role-playing game
3036:Advances in Consumer Research
2557:Harviainen, J Tuomas (2009).
2017:Bienia, Rafael (2016-04-11).
1891:, Braunschweig: Zauberfeder,
1251:, a publication owned by the
877:Horror LARPs are inspired by
805:LARP with a Victorian setting
748:characters can do during the
743:are sometimes used for combat
611:
311:live action role-playing game
3617:General and cited references
2936:Hall, Charlie (2022-10-14).
2142:Journal of Interactive Drama
1862:(in German). Tectum Verlag.
881:. Popular subgenres include
651:but also present elsewhere.
3624:Bestul, J. Michael (2006).
3194:Tocci, Jason (2007-04-29).
724:makes LARPs different from
491:, improvisational theatre,
414:, who take on roles called
391:, and one who does it is a
339:tabletop role-playing games
5019:
4264:Celebrity worship syndrome
3491:Pearl, Mike (2015-10-07).
3148:LeppÀlahti, Merja (2004).
2442:. In A. Castellani (ed.).
2374:. No. 1. p. 11.
1045:
1019:
467:
29:
4356:Amateur press association
3936:Young, Mike, ed. (2003).
3297:. Variety. Archived from
3269:. Variety. Archived from
2166:"Larp in Kamensky forest"
1792:Arcanacon I - 83 Handbook
1635:. McFarland. p. 34.
1607:John Kenneth Muir website
1603:"Logan's Run: The Series"
1570:"The Origins of Dagorhir"
4714:by date of establishment
3901:10.1177/1555412006290445
3832:Tresca, Michael (2010).
3357:Copier, Marinka (2005).
3263:Cockrell, Eddie (2006).
3103:; Pearce, Celia (2007).
2907:South China Morning Post
2816:South China Morning Post
2614:"Danish larp by numbers"
2322:. In Baba, Akira (ed.).
1981:BĂžckman, Petter (2003).
1906:"Drakon I (August 1992)"
1788:"Free Form Role-Playing"
1748:Ian Livingstone (1982).
1719:"Treasure Trap and LARP"
1631:Lancaster, Kurt (1999).
1234:South China Morning Post
1169:industry in the form of
4881:Alternate reality games
3940:. Interactivities Ink.
3738:. Interactivities Ink.
3704:Fatland, Eirik (2005).
3291:Harvey, Dennis (2007).
3234:Coffman, Jason (2008).
2133:Cheng, Michael (2007).
1858:Balzer, Myriel (2008).
1253:Chinese Communist Party
1130:, the 2007 documentary
718:alternate reality games
562:, a predecessor of the
405:improvisational theatre
4699:Professional wrestling
4430:Historical reenactment
4122:A Song of Ice and Fire
4083:Disneyland social club
4060:Anime and manga fandom
4039:Science fiction fandom
3105:"The Hegemony of Play"
3063:Konzack, Lars (2006).
2966:Larsson, Elge (2005).
2839:: CS1 maint: others (
2744:: CS1 maint: others (
2020:Role Playing Materials
1532:Morton, Brian (2007).
1136:, and the 2008 comedy
1096:
997:
965:
840:Dungeons & Dragons
831:
806:
764:rolling dice, playing
744:
690:
570:LARP group in the US.
549:Dungeons & Dragons
523:
501:historical reenactment
367:free form role-playing
363:interactive literature
306:
3651:White Wolf Publishing
2612:Morten, Gade (2005).
2200:Cantine, Tom (1996).
1983:"The Three Way Model"
1655:"History of the IFGS"
1087:
1080:Cultural significance
991:
959:
897:White Wolf Publishing
852:extraterrestrial life
829:
804:
782:The Lord of the Rings
739:
685:
590:White Wolf Publishing
513:
449:non-player characters
304:
32:Larp (disambiguation)
4901:Location-based games
4840:Ubiquitous computing
4485:Autograph collecting
3670:Davenport, Glorianna
3397:. BirkhÀuser Basel.
3238:. Film Monthly.com.
3157:Beyond Role and Play
3004:Performing the force
2812:Agence France-Presse
2415:. io9/Gawker Media.
1798:: 10. Archived from
1639:Dungeons and Dragons
1228:Agence France-Presse
1200:Agence France-Presse
1175:ubiquitous computing
1171:location-based games
1042:Script murder games
978:murder mystery games
656:Ăsterskov Efterskole
578:, formed in 1982 at
497:military simulations
485:roleplay simulations
199:Non-player character
4613:Real person fiction
4445:Harley Owners Group
4109:Production-specific
3794:. Phantasia Press.
3236:"Role Models(2008)"
1912:on January 17, 2016
1751:Dicing with Dragons
1109:developed societies
899:, is a widely used
766:rock paper scissors
678:Fiction and reality
503:groups such as the
42:Part of a series on
4752:Shipping discourse
3969:2022-02-07 at the
3072:Fun 'n' Games 2006
2865:The New York Times
2231:Mind's Eye Theatre
1786:Cowell, Nicholas.
1599:Muir, John Kenneth
1194:The New York Times
1101:participatory arts
1097:
998:
974:gaming conventions
968:Theatre-style, or
966:
918:Mind's Eye Theatre
836:fantasy literature
832:
807:
745:
691:
595:Mind's Eye Theatre
588:setting. In 1993,
524:
489:Commedia dell'arte
307:
107:Character creation
48:Role-playing games
4975:
4974:
4931:Transreality game
4845:Context awareness
4760:
4759:
4480:Anime music video
4242:
4241:
3947:978-0-9708356-8-0
3878:Games and Culture
3853:"The Game Master"
3843:978-0-7864-5895-0
3824:978-0-87431-283-6
3801:978-0-932096-09-8
3745:978-0-9708356-0-4
3690:978-3-540-22947-6
3660:978-1-56504-506-4
3647:Laws of the Night
3404:978-3-7643-8415-9
3166:978-952-91-6843-9
3013:978-0-7864-0895-5
2723:978-91-633-7856-0
2290:978-952-92-3579-7
2281:Playground Worlds
2229:For example, the
2118:978-952-92-3579-7
2109:Playground Worlds
1869:978-3-8288-9816-5
1378:978-952-92-3579-7
1369:Playground Worlds
1350:978-0-262-24045-1
1343:. The MIT Press.
1205:COVID-19 pandemic
1159:World of Darkness
883:zombie apocalypse
796:campaign settings
788:World of Darkness
580:Peckforton Castle
479:, play fighting,
427:Arrangers called
417:player characters
355:live role-playing
319:role-playing game
299:
298:
220:Campaign settings
16:(Redirected from
5010:
4891:Affective gaming
4871:Ubiquitous games
4787:
4780:
4773:
4764:
4019:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3978:
3964:Nordic Larp Wiki
3951:
3938:The Book of LARP
3932:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3894:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3847:
3828:
3805:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3759:
3749:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3678:
3664:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3374:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3247:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3211:
3200:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3169:. Archived from
3154:
3145:
3134:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3109:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3069:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3033:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2983:
2972:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2899:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2856:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2804:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2735:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2687:"About the IFGS"
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2618:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2565:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2525:
2519:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2276:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2236:Rules to Live By
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2069:
2063:
2062:(Fatland 2005:5)
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1990:As Larp Grows Up
1987:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1946:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1908:. Archived from
1902:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1691:. Archived from
1689:LARP Writing.org
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1576:. Archived from
1574:Dagorhir website
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1538:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1216:Voice of America
1094:Tampere, Finland
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
872:post-apocalyptic
707:out-of-character
664:
649:Nordic countries
291:
284:
277:
263:
262:
194:Player character
102:Campaign setting
58:
39:
21:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5007:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4935:
4859:
4818:Performing arts
4796:
4794:Pervasive games
4791:
4761:
4756:
4720:
4704:Science fiction
4627:
4549:Fan translation
4472:
4466:
4440:Motorcycle club
4398:Supercar Season
4348:
4342:
4238:
4192:Sherlock Holmes
4104:
4053:Medium-specific
4048:
4010:
4005:
3971:Wayback Machine
3959:
3954:
3948:
3935:
3926:
3918:
3916:
3892:10.1.1.496.1896
3870:
3862:
3860:
3850:
3844:
3831:
3825:
3808:
3802:
3782:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3733:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:Dissecting larp
3708:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3668:Falk, Jennica;
3667:
3661:
3641:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3605:
3603:
3588:
3587:
3576:
3567:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3447:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3405:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3337:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3304:
3302:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3245:
3243:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3137:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2949:
2935:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2806:
2805:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2736:
2724:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:Dissecting larp
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2542:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2089:
2087:
2079:BBC News Online
2071:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2046:
2031:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1948:
1947:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1870:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1836:. Skotos Tech.
1825:
1824:
1817:
1805:
1803:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1762:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1717:Conor Kostick.
1716:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1696:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1458:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1266:
1082:
1069:
1067:scripted murder
1066:
1063:
1060:
1050:
1044:
1024:
1018:
996:, Quebec (2005)
986:
954:
937:
848:science fiction
777:
734:
722:interactive art
680:
658:
645:human condition
621:
481:costume parties
472:
466:
401:
351:
317:) is a form of
295:
258:
159:Threefold model
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5016:
5014:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4957:Jane McGonigal
4954:
4952:Eric Zimmerman
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4921:Treasure hunts
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4747:Odagiri effect
4744:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4669:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4637:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4502:
4487:
4482:
4476:
4474:
4473:and activities
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:Fan convention
4412:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4386:Kustom Kulture
4378:
4373:
4368:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4276:
4271:
4269:Cult following
4266:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:Disney fandom
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4029:Fantasy fandom
4025:
4023:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3958:
3957:External links
3955:
3953:
3952:
3946:
3933:
3924:
3885:(3): 252â275.
3868:
3848:
3842:
3829:
3823:
3815:West End Games
3806:
3800:
3788:Barnes, Steven
3780:
3750:
3744:
3731:
3701:
3689:
3665:
3659:
3639:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3598:. 2023-04-14.
3574:
3560:. 2021-11-07.
3545:
3514:
3483:
3456:
3423:
3414:
3403:
3385:
3346:
3320:
3311:
3283:
3255:
3226:
3186:
3165:
3159:. Ropecon ry.
3135:
3091:
3055:
3019:
3012:
2994:
2958:
2923:
2909:. 2021-10-05.
2889:
2846:
2818:. 2020-09-15.
2792:
2751:
2722:
2703:
2678:
2640:
2603:
2549:
2520:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2430:
2403:
2394:
2355:
2346:
2307:
2297:pervasive larp
2289:
2283:. Ropecon ry.
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2222:
2206:Masters Thesis
2192:
2156:
2147:
2124:
2117:
2111:. Ropecon ry.
2099:
2064:
2055:
2029:
2009:
1973:
1932:
1923:
1897:
1879:
1868:
1850:
1815:
1778:
1760:
1740:
1709:
1675:
1645:
1623:
1590:
1560:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1456:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1371:. Ropecon ry.
1359:
1349:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1081:
1078:
1046:Main article:
1043:
1040:
1020:Main article:
1017:
1014:
985:
982:
953:
950:
936:
933:
887:Cthulhu Mythos
879:horror fiction
776:
773:
733:
730:
726:street theatre
679:
676:
620:
617:
468:Main article:
465:
462:
400:
397:
350:
347:
297:
296:
294:
293:
286:
279:
271:
268:
267:
255:
254:
253:
252:
250:Tabletop games
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
227:
222:
214:
213:
209:
208:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
173:
172:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
156:
146:
145:
144:
142:Generic system
139:
129:
128:
127:
122:
114:
109:
104:
96:
95:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
78:
73:
65:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5015:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4993:Combat sports
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4916:Serious games
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
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4393:Lowrider Club
4391:
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4374:
4372:
4369:
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4364:
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4347:Organizations
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4078:Disney adults
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3836:. McFarland.
3835:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3771:on 2016-03-04
3767:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3722:on 2016-03-10
3718:
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3434:
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3415:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3386:
3375:on 2006-10-10
3371:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3336:on 2016-03-11
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3301:on 2009-09-05
3300:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3284:
3273:on 2009-09-05
3272:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3212:on 2016-08-24
3208:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3187:
3176:on 2010-09-11
3172:
3168:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3121:on 2021-03-05
3117:
3113:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3081:on 2007-01-22
3077:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3006:. McFarland.
3005:
2998:
2995:
2984:on 2008-05-14
2980:
2976:
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2959:
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2943:
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2692:
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2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2630:on 2007-06-10
2626:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2587:
2573:on 2016-03-05
2569:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2550:
2538:
2534:
2533:Flames Rising
2530:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2509:
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2491:
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2398:
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2366:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2333:on 2011-09-27
2329:
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2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2212:on 2010-05-19
2211:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2182:on 2016-03-10
2178:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2157:
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2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2030:9783938922620
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2010:
1999:on 2011-07-19
1995:
1991:
1984:
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1962:
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1834:
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1816:
1812:
1802:on 2007-09-04
1801:
1797:
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1779:
1767:
1763:
1761:9780710094667
1757:
1753:
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1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1695:on 2008-06-07
1694:
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1600:
1594:
1591:
1580:on 2007-06-29
1579:
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1550:on 2009-02-05
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1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
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1118:
1113:
1110:
1107:" culture in
1106:
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1095:
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1037:
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983:
981:
979:
975:
971:
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962:COSI Columbus
958:
952:Theatre-style
951:
949:
947:
943:
934:
932:
930:
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920:
919:
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849:
845:
844:fantasy races
841:
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609:
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581:
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575:Treasure Trap
571:
569:
568:theatre-style
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
550:
545:
541:
540:
535:
531:
530:
521:
518:fighters use
517:
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455:
451:
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430:
425:
423:
419:
418:
413:
408:
406:
399:Play overview
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
346:
344:
343:genre fiction
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57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5003:Role-playing
4998:Nerd culture
4947:Blast Theory
4885:
4876:Mobile games
4823:Storytelling
4808:Role-playing
4665:
4564:
4504:
4497:
4489:
4471:Publications
4462:Stan Twitter
4434:
4420:Fandom names
4376:Import scene
4283:
4247:Demographics
4231:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4173:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4120:
4065:Bibliophilia
4034:Furry fandom
3937:
3928:
3917:. Retrieved
3882:
3876:
3861:. Retrieved
3856:
3833:
3810:
3791:
3784:Niven, Larry
3773:. Retrieved
3766:the original
3761:
3735:
3724:. Retrieved
3717:the original
3712:
3694:. Retrieved
3680:
3646:
3632:. Retrieved
3626:
3604:. Retrieved
3593:
3566:. Retrieved
3557:
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3528:The Guardian
3527:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3496:
3486:
3477:
3465:
3459:
3448:. Retrieved
3436:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3394:
3388:
3377:. Retrieved
3370:the original
3365:
3338:. Retrieved
3334:the original
3323:
3314:
3303:. Retrieved
3299:the original
3293:
3286:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:the original
3265:
3258:
3250:
3244:. Retrieved
3229:
3220:
3214:. Retrieved
3207:the original
3202:
3189:
3178:. Retrieved
3171:the original
3156:
3129:
3123:. Retrieved
3116:the original
3111:
3094:
3083:. Retrieved
3076:the original
3071:
3058:
3047:. Retrieved
3035:
3022:
3003:
2997:
2986:. Retrieved
2979:the original
2974:
2961:
2950:. Retrieved
2941:
2915:. Retrieved
2906:
2881:. Retrieved
2864:
2824:. Retrieved
2784:. Retrieved
2767:
2712:
2706:
2695:. Retrieved
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2653:
2643:
2632:. Retrieved
2625:the original
2620:
2606:
2575:. Retrieved
2568:the original
2559:
2552:
2541:. Retrieved
2532:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2452:. Retrieved
2443:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2406:
2397:
2389:
2383:. Retrieved
2371:
2358:
2349:
2341:
2335:. Retrieved
2328:the original
2323:
2310:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2280:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2210:the original
2205:
2195:
2184:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2172:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2127:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2088:. Retrieved
2077:
2067:
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2019:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1989:
1976:
1965:. Retrieved
1954:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1900:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1859:
1853:
1842:. Retrieved
1831:
1810:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:the original
1795:
1791:
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1750:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1722:
1712:
1703:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1688:
1678:
1667:. Retrieved
1659:IFGS website
1658:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1615:. Retrieved
1606:
1593:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:the original
1573:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1545:the original
1540:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1444:
1435:
1426:
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1408:
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1390:
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1354:
1340:
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1316:
1307:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1208:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1137:
1133:Monster Camp
1131:
1125:
1114:
1098:
1074:escape rooms
1053:
1051:
1028:
1025:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
967:
938:
926:
922:
916:
892:Cthulhu Live
890:
876:
839:
833:
830:Fantasy LARP
810:
808:
786:
780:
778:
770:
761:airsoft guns
757:foam weapons
754:
749:
746:
741:Foam weapons
713:
711:
706:
703:in character
702:
700:
695:
692:
668:
653:
637:high culture
632:
626:
622:
605:
602:
593:
583:
573:
572:
563:
559:
553:
547:
543:
537:
527:
525:
520:foam weapons
477:make believe
473:
458:
453:
447:
439:
437:
432:
428:
426:
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415:
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402:
392:
388:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
336:
314:
310:
308:
75:
36:
4813:Persistence
4742:Fan service
4737:Fan loyalty
4633:Conventions
4524:Fan fiction
4381:Hot rodding
4128:Beatlemania
4044:Yaoi fandom
3630:(MA thesis)
3595:China Daily
2713:Nordic larp
2594:|work=
1956:Dicebreaker
1248:China Daily
1210:Dicebreaker
1139:Role Models
1022:Nordic LARP
1016:Nordic LARP
1010:line-course
868:space opera
793:Proprietary
672:game theory
659: [
629:Avant-garde
607:Dicebreaker
539:Logan's Run
493:psychodrama
446:or playing
429:gamemasters
380:live action
375:live action
349:Terminology
332:gamemasters
265:WikiProject
229:Production
225:LARP groups
179:Actual play
170:Terminology
76:Live action
4982:Categories
4940:Developers
4926:Flash mobs
4896:Smart toys
4850:Crossmedia
4835:Gamemaster
4828:transmedia
4694:Multigenre
4653:Comic book
4608:Filk music
4349:and events
4186:Parrothead
4169:Moonwalker
4153:James Bond
4146:EarthBound
4139:Doctor Who
4100:Sports fan
4070:Cinephilia
3919:2007-11-04
3863:2008-12-03
3792:Dream Park
3775:2009-05-08
3726:2007-07-29
3696:2008-10-28
3634:2023-04-05
3606:2023-06-15
3568:2023-06-16
3450:2009-04-25
3379:2009-04-26
3340:2009-04-24
3305:2009-08-14
3277:2009-04-25
3246:2009-04-25
3216:2009-04-24
3180:2009-04-24
3125:2009-09-20
3085:2009-09-20
3049:2009-09-17
2988:2008-04-24
2952:2022-10-15
2917:2022-10-15
2883:2023-06-15
2826:2022-10-15
2786:2023-06-16
2697:2007-12-08
2672:2023-06-16
2634:2007-07-29
2577:2009-05-05
2543:2011-01-26
2454:2013-10-11
2385:2009-09-12
2337:2008-06-04
2216:2009-12-22
2186:2009-05-05
2090:2012-05-03
2049:2019-04-15
2003:2011-01-23
1967:2023-06-15
1844:2007-11-03
1806:2007-10-21
1772:2017-12-31
1699:2008-05-29
1669:2007-07-29
1617:2007-10-19
1584:2007-07-28
1568:Dagorhir.
1554:2008-05-21
1281:References
1166:Knutepunkt
1151:subculture
1036:Knutepunkt
913:werewolves
555:Dream Park
444:stagehands
323:characters
243:Publishers
189:Gamemaster
154:GNS theory
125:Video game
81:Video game
4906:Exergames
4855:Emergence
4732:Autograph
4666:Doujinshi
4534:Fan labor
4506:Doujinshi
4425:Game club
4366:Boy racer
4199:Star Wars
4088:Donaldism
3887:CiteSeerX
3445:1544-3574
2873:0362-4331
2776:1059-1028
2740:cite book
2732:733223799
2662:1059-1028
2596:ignored (
2586:cite book
2515:Star Wars
2301:pervasive
2039:981122410
1916:April 25,
1286:Citations
1220:iResearch
994:Bicolline
928:Camarilla
923:chronicle
874:fiction.
864:cyberpunk
856:dystopian
821:paintball
817:laser tag
714:pervasive
696:game-time
688:Bicolline
666:culture.
592:released
585:Traveller
385:animation
238:Designers
204:Statistic
184:Adventure
4801:Concepts
4598:Fanspeak
4584:Fan wiki
4559:Fan game
4544:Fan rice
4539:Fan mail
4529:Fan film
4519:Fan edit
4410:Fan club
4371:Cruising
4361:Car club
4259:Anti-fan
4233:Twilight
4206:Stargate
4175:MLP: FIM
4133:Deadhead
3967:Archived
3913:Archived
3909:12180996
3790:(1981).
3672:(2004).
3645:(1996).
3600:Archived
3562:Archived
3532:Archived
3501:Archived
3479:trading.
3410:streets.
3240:Archived
3040:Archived
2946:Archived
2911:Archived
2877:Archived
2835:cite web
2820:Archived
2780:Archived
2691:Archived
2666:Archived
2537:Archived
2535:. 2003.
2448:Archived
2417:Archived
2376:Archived
2299:. These
2084:Archived
2043:Archived
1961:Archived
1838:Archived
1766:Archived
1733:July 15,
1727:Archived
1723:Level Up
1663:Archived
1611:Archived
1541:Lifelike
1264:See also
1189:jubensha
1144:escapist
1054:jubensha
1048:Jubensha
1002:festival
970:freeform
909:vampires
812:Assassin
750:downtime
641:fine art
612:Jubensha
529:Dagorhir
516:Dagorhir
137:Diceless
120:Tabletop
71:Tabletop
4962:Niantic
4618:Vidding
4603:Fanzine
4579:Fansite
4514:Fan art
4457:Railfan
4405:Cosplay
4318:Shipper
4313:Sasaeng
4298:Groupie
4227:Trekkie
4222:Tolkien
4217:Swiftie
4164:Juggalo
4159:Janeite
4015:By type
4008:Fandoms
2942:Polygon
2423:29 July
1270:Cosplay
1241:Polygon
1182:Denmark
1155:Tolkien
1061:
976:. Some
946:Denmark
903:–
860:utopian
785:or the
633:arthaus
619:Purpose
534:fantasy
522:to duel
464:History
412:players
389:larping
327:setting
233:Artists
112:History
4967:Mojang
4864:Genres
4725:Topics
4689:Horror
4677:Gaming
4565:Doujin
4498:Doujin
4491:Doujin
4333:Ultras
4328:Tifosi
4285:KemonÄ
4254:Anorak
3944:
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3889:
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1127:Darkon
1090:boffer
1006:linear
964:(2007)
942:Scouts
935:Styles
775:Genres
499:, and
393:larper
373:. The
365:, and
149:Theory
132:System
116:Indie
94:Topics
4672:Furry
4641:Anime
4554:Fanac
4500:music
4338:Waifu
4308:Otaku
4279:Furry
4212:Shrek
4181:MST3K
4095:Gamer
4022:Genre
3905:S2CID
3769:(PDF)
3758:(PDF)
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2654:Wired
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2320:(PDF)
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2169:(PDF)
2138:(PDF)
1997:(PDF)
1986:(PDF)
1705:year.
1548:(PDF)
1537:(PDF)
1121:gamer
1088:Open
1030:Wired
984:Fests
819:, or
732:Rules
663:]
212:Lists
86:Forum
63:Types
4709:list
4682:list
4658:list
4646:list
4623:Zine
4589:list
4567:soft
4323:Stan
4303:Nerd
4293:Geek
4116:AFOL
3962:The
3942:ISBN
3838:ISBN
3819:ISBN
3796:ISBN
3740:ISBN
3685:ISBN
3655:ISBN
3540:2019
3509:2019
3497:Vice
3441:ISSN
3399:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3008:ISBN
2869:ISSN
2841:link
2772:ISSN
2746:link
2728:OCLC
2718:ISBN
2658:ISSN
2598:help
2425:2010
2285:ISBN
2234:the
2113:ISBN
2035:OCLC
2025:ISBN
1918:2014
1864:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1735:2022
1373:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1231:the
1119:and
1105:geek
1058:lit.
911:and
905:punk
901:goth
885:and
870:and
514:Two
454:NPCs
440:crew
371:larp
341:and
315:LARP
4572:Mod
4274:Fan
3897:doi
3558:VOA
3470:doi
1465:not
1451:sic
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