183:, it was adapted for use as a medium for storing and distributing large amounts of computer data. This data may also include application and operating-system software, sometimes packaged and archived in compressed formats. Later, it was seen to be convenient and useful to boot the computer directly from compact disc, often with a minimal working system to install a full system onto a hard drive. While there are read-write optical discs, either mass-produced read-only discs or write-once discs were used for this purpose.
332:
provide a significant performance boost, as RAM is much faster than a hard drive, and uses less power. Experienced users of the operating system may also use a live CD to determine whether and to what extent a particular operating system or version is compatible with a particular hardware configuration and certain peripherals, or as a way to know beforehand which computer or peripheral will work before buying. A live CD can be used to troubleshoot hardware, especially when a hard drive fails, and more generally as a
40:
157:
211:
702:
308:
426:
546:
460:
327:
operating system). Software can be tested, or run for a particular single use, without interfering with system setup. Data on a system which is not functioning normally due to operating system and software issues can be made available; for example, data can be recovered from a machine with an active
331:
Although some live CDs can load into memory to free the optical drive for other uses, loading the data from a CD-ROM is still slower than a typical hard drive boot, so this is rarely the default with large live CD images, but for smaller live CD images loading the filesystem directly into RAM can
164:
All computers except the earliest digital computers are built with some form of minimal built-in loader, which loads a program or succession of programs from a storage medium, which then operate the computer. Initially a read-only medium such as punched tape or punched cards was used for initial
712:
Unlike previous operating systems on optical media, though, Linux and OS/2 "live CDs" were specifically designed to run without installation onto other media like a hard disk drive. The live CD concept was meant to promote Linux and showcase the abilities of the free,
336:
in case of problems. Some live CDs can save user-created files in a
Windows partition, a USB drive, a network drive, or other accessible media. Live backup CDs can create an image of drives, and back up files, without problems due to open files and inconsistent sets.
413:
Several live CDs are dedicated to specific type of applications according to the requirements of thematic user communities. These CDs are tailored to the needs of the applications in subject including general knowledge, tutorial, specifications and trial data too.
245:
This was a new and different situation for Linux than other operating systems, because the updates/upgrades were being released so quickly, different distributions and versions were being offered online, and especially because users were burning their own CDs.
233:
operating system was meeting resistance in the consumer market because of the perceived difficulty, effort, and risk involved in installing an additional partition on the hard disk, in parallel with an existing operating system installation.
557:
During live CD initialization, a user typically may resort to using one or more boot codes to change the booting behavior. These vary from distribution to distribution but can most often be accessed upon first boot screen by one of the
237:
The term "live CD" was coined because, after typical PC RAM was large enough and 52x speed CD drives and CD burners were widespread among PC owners, it finally became convenient and practical to boot the kernel and run
1801:
911:
763:, such as on a CD-ROM has the drawback of being unable to save any current working data. For this reason, a read-only file system is often merged with a temporary writable file system in the form of a
599:
The term "Live CD" came to be used for any CD containing operating system and software which could be run without installation on the host computer. Operating systems which can be used live include
417:
Some of these topics covers sub topics, e.g. IT administration breaks down to firewall, rescue, security, etc. type of live CDs. In some cases a particular Live DVD covers more than one topic.
596:
medium, changes made during use (such as files created, programs installed, and preferences customised) are written in a new session to the boot medium persisting through subsequent boots.
751:
functionality. This came out of necessity to avoid requiring the user to configure the system each time it boots and to make it easily usable by those who are new to the operating system.
787:) are kept in ramdisk, because the system updates them frequently. Puppy Linux and some other live CDs allow a configuration and added files to be written and used in later sessions.
451:
Typically after booting the machine from the live CD, the appliance either runs in non-persistent demo mode or installs itself, at the user's request, to an available storage device.
257:
first released in beta form 1992~1993 (ceased production in 1995), though in practice its functionality was hampered due to the low throughput of contemporary CD-ROM drives.
268:, first released in 1999, was the first Live CD to focus on system administration, and the first to be distributed in the bootable business card form factor. As of 2023,
194:
or the CD itself would boot specifically, and only, to install onto a hard drive. Early examples of operating systems which could be booted directly from CD-ROM are the
1098:
226:
CDs or "distros" were generally treated as a collection of installation packages that would first need to be permanently installed to hard disks on the target machine.
1334:
903:
186:
The first
Compact Disc drives on personal computers were generally much too slow to run complex operating systems; computers were not designed to boot from an
148:
is aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity of its users, allowing them to work with sensitive documents without leaving a record on a computer's hard drive.
1281:
680:
328:
virus infection without the virus process being active and causing more damage, and the virus can be removed with its defences against removal bypassed.
441:
as an installable live CD, or live ISO, can often be beneficial as a single image can run on both real hardware and on most types of virtual machines.
795:
534:
319:
Live CDs are made for many different uses. Some are designed to demonstrate or "test drive" a particular operating system (usually Linux or another
1610:
1581:
503:. Later versions of Windows (i.e. Windows 8 and later), and software available for earlier versions, allow an ISO to be mounted as a volume.
1188:
676:
1074:
847:
86:
for any purpose without installing it or making any changes to the computer's configuration. Live CDs can run on a computer without
1385:
1329:
177:
82:
or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive. A live CD allows users to run an
124:
available for burning to CD or DVD. While open source operating systems can be used for free, some commercial software, such as
1304:
1274:
1004:
1497:
1395:
1210:
1090:
1026:
110:
973:
565:
Some live CDs come with an installation utility launchable from a desktop icon that can optionally install the system on a
1775:
1324:
1309:
1806:
1370:
1355:
1314:
862:
1536:
1483:
725:
694:
in 1990.. Earlier examples of live OS are of course the operating systems used from floppy, and most widely spread is
47:
105:, which have the added benefit of having writeable storage. The functionality of a live CD is also available with an
1551:
1390:
1267:
668:
222:
could take advantage of cheap optical disks and rapidly declining prices of CD drives for personal computers, the
1586:
1405:
1365:
1360:
1319:
942:
430:
83:
1629:
1516:
1380:
1158:
728:
specification, introduced in 1994. Many Linux based live CDs use a compressed filesystem image, often with the
145:
31:
736:
compressed filesystem, generally doubling effective storage capacity, although slowing application start up.
506:
After mounting the live CD's filesystem, software on the live CD can be run directly, without booting it, by
1375:
743:
systems include around 1,200 separate software packages. Live CDs have a reputation for supporting advanced
1763:
1702:
1591:
1571:
1520:
1478:
265:
1120:
97:
As CD and DVD drives have been steadily phased-out, live CDs have become less popular, being replaced by
1546:
1512:
1414:
1350:
872:
826:
807:
652:
87:
904:"Help Support the Little-Known Privacy Tool That Has Been Critical to Journalists Reporting on the NSA"
242:, a window manager and GUI applications directly from a CD without disturbing the OS on the hard disk.
39:
686:
The first personal computer operating system on a CD to support "live" operations might have been the
1743:
1717:
1712:
1664:
1541:
714:
585:
488:
324:
584:
media, requiring either copying to rewriteable media (i.e. a hard drive or CD writer) or complete
1649:
1556:
877:
776:
744:
522:
438:
351:
345:
296:
223:
129:
117:
1180:
717:
operating system on conventional personal computers with
Microsoft Windows already installed.
1758:
1707:
1639:
1596:
1437:
1070:
721:
628:
604:
484:
444:
This allows developers to avoid the complexities involved in supporting multiple incompatible
406:
398:
providing a secure, reliable platform for the performance of high-vulnerability tasks such as
299:
now include a live CD variant, which in some cases is also the preferred installation medium.
156:
1796:
1738:
1290:
857:
784:
581:
399:
75:
1682:
1644:
1615:
570:
514:
445:
261:, released in 1998, was the first Linux distribution specially designed as a live CD. The
254:
102:
90:, such as a hard disk drive, or with a corrupted hard disk drive or file system, allowing
1243:
210:
1768:
1692:
1654:
1526:
1063:
768:
620:
550:
371:
106:
1790:
1634:
1473:
1427:
965:
882:
748:
392:
playing video games or running applications that require a different operating system
360:
333:
320:
281:
230:
137:
125:
91:
996:
573:. Most live CDs can access the information on internal and/or external hard drives,
395:
providing a secure server platform where crucial files cannot be permanently altered
1561:
935:"Out in the Open: Inside the Operating System Edward Snowden Used to Evade the NSA"
852:
830:
818:
814:
706:
701:
593:
559:
492:
374:
and public computers, which can be brought back to their original state by a reboot
307:
219:
187:
180:
133:
1218:
1033:
287:
Since 2003, the popularity of live CDs has increased substantially, partly due to
280:-derived Linux distribution, was released in 2003, and found popularity as both a
229:
However, in the case of these distributions built on top of the Linux kernel, the
165:
program load. With the introduction of inexpensive read-write storage, read-write
813:
Live CDs have to be able to detect and use a wide variety of hardware (including
1687:
1669:
1452:
1442:
1432:
1253:
760:
660:
589:
500:
425:
295:, which made it very easy to build customized live systems. Most of the popular
292:
191:
166:
671:. There are maintenance versions of Microsoft Windows bootable from CD such as
691:
566:
545:
518:
468:
683:(DaRT), previously known as Emergency Repair Disk Commander (ERD Commander).
1624:
1531:
1457:
1422:
842:
791:
600:
480:
262:
258:
170:
121:
43:
459:
190:. When operating systems came to be distributed on compact discs, either a
1753:
867:
829:, hal, udisk etc.. which are a common part of all distributions based on
810:. Boot loaders like syslinux can boot ISO files from USB memory devices.
764:
733:
574:
530:
526:
312:
218:
Although early developers and users of distributions built on top of the
195:
98:
27:
Complete, bootable computer installation that runs directly from a CD-ROM
1677:
1447:
934:
799:
740:
687:
664:
656:
648:
644:
636:
616:
612:
464:
273:
199:
141:
71:
17:
672:
640:
507:
277:
269:
128:
requires a license to use. Many live CDs are used for data recovery,
79:
1259:
1150:
272:(first released in 2000) is the oldest Live CD still in production.
448:
images formats and focus on the lowest common denominator instead.
1697:
729:
700:
624:
588:
to install additional software; however, there are exceptions. If
544:
458:
424:
250:
214:
CD-ROM of the LGX Yggdrasil Linux distribution release "Fall 1993"
209:
155:
38:
822:
803:
632:
608:
496:
1263:
1733:
695:
239:
1248:
790:
In modern live CDs, a read-only file system is merged with a
386:
being the primary or backup operating system for any computer
288:
1802:
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
1128:
1027:"Software Product Description - Desktop-VMS, Version 1.2"
1065:
Test
Driving Linux: From Windows to Linux in 60 Seconds
284:
system and as a primary distribution in its own right.
1091:"Scan a Windows PC for Viruses from a Ubuntu Live CD"
739:
The resulting environment can be quite rich: typical
113:
by writing files to a hard drive or USB flash drive.
46:
23.04 system running from a live DVD image, with the
724:, a bootable Compact Disc generally conforms to the
109:
connected by USB. Many live CDs offer the option of
1726:
1663:
1609:
1570:
1505:
1496:
1466:
1413:
1404:
1343:
1297:
1062:
821:etc.) in realtime, often using facilities such as
377:high security/non-invasive environment for a guest
1256:- A BSD perspective on the concept of Live CDs
1275:
1056:
1054:
202:, both of which were first released in 1989.
8:
848:Comparison of Linux distributions#Live media
101:, which are equivalent systems written onto
513:A live CD ISO image can also be mounted by
1502:
1410:
1282:
1268:
1260:
681:Microsoft Diagnostics and Recovery Toolset
380:cracking, stealing, and changing passwords
1151:"FlashMob Computing – FlashMob Computing"
775:" (containing users' personal files and
389:quick and simple clustering of computers
306:
1211:"How to Create a Multi-session LiveDVD"
1032:. Digital. January 1991. Archived from
894:
690:, which could be booted from CD on an
198:, and the Desktop-VMS distribution of
160:Installation from Ubuntu 23.04 live CD
1191:from the original on 22 February 2014
1181:"USB Installation Media - UNetbootin"
997:"DECUServe WORKSTATIONS Conference 8"
7:
580:Live CDs are usually distributed on
1101:from the original on 19 March 2018
945:from the original on 19 April 2014
356:Virus scanning and Malware removal
25:
1007:from the original on 10 July 2022
995:Bob McCormick (11 January 1989).
914:from the original on 20 July 2014
1386:Object-oriented operating system
976:from the original on 16 May 2022
365:testing new versions of software
74:computer installation including
1217:. 26 April 2011. Archived from
1161:from the original on 9 May 2008
933:Finley, Klint (14 April 2014).
908:Freedom of the Press Foundation
732:compressed loopback driver, or
631:installation and repair discs,
340:A few additional uses include:
1396:Supercomputer operating system
368:listing & testing hardware
176:After the introduction of the
1:
902:Timm, Trevor (2 April 2014).
510:into the mounted filesystem.
473:6.3-Release-i386-bootonly.iso
1371:Just enough operating system
1356:Distributed operating system
863:List of remastering software
169:and hard disks were used as
1484:User space and kernel space
537:can automate this process.
78:which runs directly from a
1823:
1391:Real-time operating system
767:. Often the default Linux
29:
1587:Multilevel feedback queue
1582:Fixed-priority preemptive
1366:Hobbyist operating system
1361:Embedded operating system
525:or can be converted to a
467:machine configuration in
1630:General protection fault
1381:Network operating system
1335:User features comparison
1061:Brickner, David (2005).
455:Mounting without burning
383:network security testing
107:external hard disk drive
32:Live CD (disambiguation)
1376:Mobile operating system
783:" (containing variable
592:is recorded to an open
499:variants by mounting a
479:The files on a live CD
1479:Loadable kernel module
709:
577:and USB flash drives.
554:
476:
471:with live image file (
434:
409:and other restrictions
316:
266:bootable business card
215:
161:
146:Tails operating system
51:
1547:Process control block
1513:Computer multitasking
1351:Disk operating system
1155:flashmobcomputing.org
873:Self-booting diskette
704:
653:Plan 9 from Bell Labs
548:
462:
428:
310:
253:-based 'Live CD' was
213:
159:
68:live operating system
42:
1718:Virtual tape library
1310:Forensic engineering
1244:Bootable CDROM HowTo
1187:. Ubuntu Community.
1185:community.ubuntu.com
1121:"Home - HDT Project"
970:Old-Computers Museum
667:and others based on
30:For other uses, see
1807:Software appliances
1727:Supporting concepts
1713:Virtual file system
798:techniques such as
777:configuration files
489:disk image emulator
483:can be accessed in
421:Software appliances
297:Linux distributions
118:Linux distributions
50:desktop environment
1650:Segmentation fault
1498:Process management
1254:Pondering Live CDs
1249:Linux Live scripts
966:"Fujitsu FM Towns"
878:Software appliance
745:auto-configuration
710:
555:
523:VMware Workstation
477:
439:software appliance
435:
359:system repair and
352:computer forensics
346:Linux distribution
317:
289:Linux Live scripts
224:Linux distribution
216:
162:
130:computer forensics
52:
1784:
1783:
1640:Memory protection
1611:Memory management
1605:
1604:
1597:Shortest job next
1492:
1491:
1291:Operating systems
1039:on 16 August 2000
629:Microsoft Windows
517:software such as
485:Microsoft Windows
407:parental controls
88:secondary storage
16:(Redirected from
1814:
1739:Computer network
1503:
1411:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1261:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1221:on 1 August 2018
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1127:. Archived from
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
899:
858:List of live CDs
782:
774:
400:internet banking
103:USB flash drives
84:operating system
76:operating system
70:) is a complete
21:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1722:
1683:Defragmentation
1668:
1659:
1645:Protection ring
1614:
1601:
1573:
1566:
1488:
1462:
1400:
1339:
1293:
1288:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1131:on 25 July 2018
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
994:
993:
989:
979:
977:
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
932:
931:
927:
917:
915:
901:
900:
896:
891:
839:
780:
772:
757:
571:USB flash drive
543:
515:Virtual Machine
457:
446:virtual machine
423:
372:Internet kiosks
348:to a hard drive
305:
255:Yggdrasil Linux
208:
154:
138:system recovery
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1769:User interface
1766:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:File attribute
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1655:Virtual memory
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Context switch
1524:
1509:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1238:External links
1236:
1233:
1232:
1202:
1172:
1142:
1112:
1082:
1075:
1050:
1018:
987:
956:
925:
893:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
838:
835:
756:
753:
621:classic Mac OS
542:
539:
456:
453:
422:
419:
411:
410:
403:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
369:
366:
363:
357:
354:
349:
304:
301:
207:
204:
153:
150:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1819:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
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1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Memory paging
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Device driver
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1415:Architectures
1412:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
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1748:
1670:file systems
1562:Time-sharing
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1214:
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1154:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
1124:
1115:
1103:. Retrieved
1094:
1085:
1069:. O'Reilly.
1064:
1041:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1000:
990:
978:. Retrieved
969:
959:
947:. Retrieved
938:
928:
916:. Retrieved
907:
897:
853:GIS Live DVD
831:Linux kernel
812:
789:
759:A read-only
758:
738:
719:
711:
707:Gentoo Linux
685:
598:
594:multisession
579:
564:
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493:Daemon Tools
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437:Packaging a
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220:Linux kernel
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188:optical disc
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181:compact disc
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167:floppy disks
163:
134:disk imaging
115:
96:
67:
63:
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55:
53:
36:
1688:Device file
1678:Boot loader
1592:Round-robin
1517:Cooperative
1453:Rump kernel
1443:Multikernel
1433:Microkernel
1330:Usage share
1215:Puppy Linux
1195:11 February
1125:HDT Project
1001:home.iae.nl
796:transparent
769:directories
761:file system
715:open source
705:Live CD of
661:OpenSolaris
590:Puppy Linux
586:remastering
549:Live CD of
501:loop device
429:Live CD of
361:restoration
325:open source
311:Live CD of
293:remastersys
282:rescue disk
196:FM Towns OS
192:boot floppy
111:persistence
1791:Categories
1618:protection
1574:algorithms
1572:Scheduling
1521:Preemptive
1467:Components
1438:Monolithic
1305:Comparison
964:Jiro Kit.
889:References
692:Amiga CDTV
677:Windows PE
567:hard drive
519:VirtualBox
469:VirtualBox
405:Bypassing
249:The first
171:boot media
122:ISO images
1708:Partition
1625:Bus error
1552:Real-time
1532:Interrupt
1458:Unikernel
1423:Exokernel
843:Boot disk
792:RAM drive
726:El Torito
601:AmigaOS 4
582:read-only
575:diskettes
508:chrooting
481:ISO image
263:Linuxcare
259:DemoLinux
99:live USBs
64:live disc
1754:Live USB
1616:resource
1506:Concepts
1344:Variants
1325:Timeline
1225:1 August
1189:Archived
1165:19 March
1159:Archived
1135:19 March
1105:19 March
1099:Archived
1043:26 March
1011:26 March
1005:Archived
980:26 March
974:Archived
949:18 April
943:Archived
918:18 April
912:Archived
868:Live USB
837:See also
765:RAM disk
755:Creation
734:squashfs
605:Amithlon
551:Mandriva
541:Features
531:SYSLINUX
527:Live USB
495:, or in
491:such as
463:Virtual
313:Trisquel
72:bootable
60:live DVD
48:GNOME 40
1797:Live CD
1749:Live CD
1703:Journal
1667:access,
1665:Storage
1542:Process
1448:vkernel
1315:History
1298:General
827:hotplug
800:UnionFS
779:) and "
741:Knoppix
688:AmigaOS
669:Solaris
665:BeleniX
657:MorphOS
649:MINIX 3
645:OpenBSD
637:ReactOS
617:FreeDOS
613:FreeBSD
487:with a
465:OpenBSD
274:Knoppix
152:History
142:malware
56:live CD
1557:Thread
1428:Hybrid
1406:Kernel
1073:
794:using
679:, and
673:BartPE
641:NetBSD
529:using
431:Fedora
278:Debian
270:Finnix
80:CD-ROM
58:(also
44:Ubuntu
18:LiveCD
1759:Shell
1698:Inode
1037:(PDF)
1030:(PDF)
939:WIRED
833:2.6.
773:/home
730:cloop
720:On a
625:macOS
251:Linux
206:Linux
178:audio
120:make
116:Many
66:, or
1320:List
1227:2018
1197:2014
1167:2018
1137:2018
1107:2018
1071:ISBN
1045:2022
1013:2022
982:2022
951:2014
920:2014
823:udev
804:AuFS
785:data
781:/var
747:and
633:OS/2
609:AROS
553:2010
521:and
497:Unix
321:free
315:11.0
303:Uses
291:and
276:, a
231:free
140:and
1776:PXE
1764:CLI
1744:HAL
1734:API
1537:IPC
808:EWF
806:or
696:DOS
569:or
323:or
240:X11
200:VMS
1793::
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1093:.
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