Knowledge (XXG)

Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets

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668:(1795) with the statement that "When a new collection of English poetry is offered to the public, it will doubtless be inquired what are the deficiencies of preceding collections." To answer the question he went on to survey such anthologies over two centuries, noting in what ways they fell short of the completeness that he proposed. The ‘Johnson edition’ had failed in extensiveness by starting the English canon only in the second half of the 17th century. When it was augmented with the work of fourteen more poets in 1790, it still failed in inclusiveness, even over its allotted time-span; in addition, the biographical details of the added poets were skimped. What Anderson now proposed was a more ambitious set of poets, extending from 163:. But as the work progressed, many of the prefaces grew in length, further holding up progress. The format of these now included a narrative of the poet’s life, a summary of his character and a critical assessment of his main poems. Eventually the decision was taken in 1779 to issue 56 volumes of poets alone, for which the sheets were already printed, together with separate volumes of prefaces as and when Johnson completed them. At first the prefaces were only made available to subscribers to the full set of poets, but in March 1781 the collected prefaces were offered separately as a six-volume work under the present title. 620:. It has been conjectured, as mentioned above, that a reissue of the work thirty years after its first publication was a response to the omission of any female poets from the recent collection. The 1785 editor does not say as much in the "Advertisement" and it is only by a comparison of the contents lists of the two that it becomes apparent that the new edition gives a less comprehensive choice of works in order to include more authors. Breadth of coverage in the 1785 edition demonstrates the variety of women poets rather than, as in the 1755 edition, the variety of writing by individual authors. 127:, to provide short biographies for a standard edition of poets in whom they had an interest. Johnson named a price of 200 guineas, an amount significantly lower than what he could have demanded. Soon afterwards, advertisements began to appear announcing “The English Poets, with a preface biographical and critical, to each author…elegantly printed in small pocket volumes, on a fine writing paper, ornamented with the heads of the respective authors, engraved by the most eminent artists”. 707:, Swift, and Gray as "points which stand as so many natural centres, and by returning to which we can always find our way again" and also as a model for Arnold's "ideal of liberal education", representing "a crucial century and a half in English literature". For Arnold the whole work, focusing on these six, formed a "compendious story of a whole important age in English literature, told by a great man, and in a performance which is itself a piece of English literature of the first class". 684:(1810). The main difference is that for those poets who appeared in the 'Johnson edition', Johnson's lives are retained. At this date it is conceded in the preface that, "after all the objections that have been offered, must ever be the foundation of English poetical biography." By including them also there is an implied continuity between the volumes to which Johnson contributed and Chalmers' "work professing to be a Body of the Standard English Poets". 641:. These were unaccompanied by the works of the seventeen poets covered, apart from excerpts quoted in discussing their writing. The essays follow Johnson's tripartite exposition of biographical detail, character study and descriptive survey of the poetry, and begin with Johnson himself, at ninety pages in length by far the longest essay in the book. There his prose works as well as his poetry are discussed; in fact more pages are devoted to the 572: 1650: 33: 718:, nuances this by pointing out that Johnson did not set out to produce a literary history. His main preoccupation is with how literary work is in a state of flux and advanced by individuals writing within a historical context. Consideration of their lives is therefore justified as it helps the reader in a different time to appreciate the significance of the works described. 130:
Johnson was slow to put pen to paper, although on 3 May 1777 he wrote to Boswell that he was busy preparing "little Lives and little Prefaces, to a little edition of the English Poets". When asked later by Boswell whether he would do this for "any dunce’s works, if they should ask him," Johnson
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and covering the Tudor and early Stuart poets previously omitted, although in the event he was unable to include all that he wished. The selection also included more Scottish poets (though excluding dialect poetry) and two volumes of translations from the Classical writers. The accompanying
714:, Greg Clingham describes the topics covered there as "like a list of most of the important issues in literary history during the years 1600–1781" as well as something like a social, philosophical and political history of that era. But Philip Smallwood, commenting on the Lives in 102:
during an episode of anti-Scottish sentiment in England. As related in the preface to the 1891 edition of the Lives, Scottish publishers had started to produce editions of the collected works of various English poets and sell them in London, which was considered an invasion of
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that "he was much more interested in the man than in that part of him which is the author ...He claimed for it no exclusive privileges, nor held that the poet was a man apart to be measured by standards inapplicable to other men."
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Although the quality of Johnson's writing has guaranteed the survival of his last considerable undertaking, its critical limitations generated published responses almost immediately. One of Johnson's own friends,
613:, affords a striking instance of caprice in the matter of admission to literary honours", he charged. To Scott the choice of poets seemed lacking in either method or "rational impartial criticism" (p. 247). 224:, but this may have been due to copyright issues in both cases. Women poets were comprehensively omitted and that fact too was to draw criticism. Indeed, it has been conjectured that the 1785 new edition of 1558: 653:, who precede and follow him. Where it is pertinent, Johnson's critical opinions are quoted (although not always approved), and in Goldsmith's case Johnsonian anecdotes are introduced. 609:
he takes particular issue with the principles of inclusion in the collection of poets with which Johnson was associated: "The Temple of Fame, lately erected under the title of
413: 115:, printed in Edinburgh at the rate of a volume a week. In order to compete with this project, Johnson was asked by a deputation of London publishers and booksellers, led by 205:
at Johnson's request, since that baronet had known him well. There are also lengthy quotations from other authors, as for example the “Prefatory Discourse” to the work of
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comprising short biographies and critical appraisals of 52 poets, most of whom lived during the eighteenth century. These were arranged, approximately, by date of death.
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Not all the details in the book have proved trustworthy, and many critical judgements were considered prejudiced and unequal, even at the time of publication. The
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for May 1748, was worked over to conform to Johnson’s overall plan. An earlier “Dissertation on Pope’s Epitaphs” from 1756 was added to the end of the life of
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than to Johnson's own performance as a poet. Oliver Goldsmith appears midway through the book and is given only twenty-four pages, less than those awarded
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The Works Of The English Poets From Chaucer To Cowper Including The Series Edited With Prefaces Biographical And Critical Volume I (1810)
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Even though the choice of authors was limited to those who were dead, some among the most recently deceased were not included, notably
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Poems by the Most Eminent Ladies of Great Britain and Ireland…with considerable alterations, additions and improvements
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he was a dunce." However, while so engaged, he made a few suggestions of his own for inclusion, including the poems of
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With some rare exceptions, almost all the prefaces were specially written for the series. The extended Life of
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The lives of the most eminent English poets; with critical observations on their works, in three volumes
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The lives of the most eminent English poets; with critical observations on their works, in three volumes
537: 472: 172: 108: 92: 1289: 1516: 1370: 971: 646: 605: 584: 349: 304: 236:(originally published in 1755) may have been meant as a conscious supplement to the all-male series. 65:
From the close of the 18th century, expanded editions and updates of Johnson's work began to appear.
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Johnson began writing individual biographical pieces in 1740, the first being devoted to
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The lives of the most eminent English poets; with critical observations on their works
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In mentioning this reading of Johnson's Lives at the start of his own article in
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The Most Disreputable Trade: Publishing the Classics of English Poetry 1765-1810
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of 1744 was incorporated with very few changes; an article on
85:. In 1744 he wrote his first extended literary biography, the 601:
Critical Essays on Some of the Poems of Several English Poets
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The Poets of Great Britain complete from Chaucer to Churchill
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Various accounts are given of how Johnson came to write his
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biographies of the poets were written by Anderson himself.
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to the 2006 edition of Johnson's "Lives" (Clarendon Press)
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The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
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The Cambridge History of English and American Literature
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The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper
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Miscellaneous Observations on the Tragedy of Macbeth
52:(1779–81), alternatively known by the shorter title 1628: 1556: 1509: 1477: 1428: 1384: 1323: 1262: 1044:
Life and literature in Johnson’s Lives of the Poets
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Six Chief Lives from Johnson's "Lives of the Poets"
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"Johnson and Boswell" in 680:advanced little beyond his predecessor in his 241:Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature 1240: 830:Johnson and Boswell: The Transit of Caledonia 616:In the same year appeared the new edition of 8: 1547:The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia 1486:A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 255:'s Odes, and its evident prejudice against 1619:A Biographical Sketch of Dr Samuel Johnson 1247: 1233: 1225: 111:proposed to bring out a 109-volume set of 712:The Cambridge Companion to Samuel Johnson 243:instances as examples "its strictures on 699:(1878), considered the Lives of Milton, 635:Lives of English poets, from Johnson to 40:, later used in the 1806 edition of the 1462:Proposals for an Edition of Shakespeare 817: 762:, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 49:Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets 1031: 1019: 107:precedent. Then in 1777 the publisher 36:A print of Samuel Johnson, based on a 1580:The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides 7: 1604:Anecdotes of the Late Samuel Johnson 1493:A Dictionary of the English Language 888: 737:Selected Criticism of Matthew Arnold 657:A body of the standard English poets 315:Wentworth Dillon, Earl of Roscommon 739:, New York: New American Library, 414:John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham 220:(of whom Johnson disapproved) and 25: 1180:Lives of the Poets in Two Volumes 1058:"Johnson as Poetical Historian", 1009:. Vol. 09. pp. 443–445. 335:Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset 1649: 1648: 1457:The Plays of William Shakespeare 1006:Dictionary of National Biography 603:. When dealing with Goldsmith's 444:George Granville, Lord Lansdowne 384:Charles Montagu, Earl of Halifax 167:The Lives and their shortcomings 1688:English non-fiction literature 804:1913, Vol.X, sections 25–6 on 688:Later critical interpretations 611:The Works of the English Poets 310:John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester 95:who had died the year before. 27:1779–81 book by Samuel Johnson 1: 1046:, Cambridge University 1997, 940:Nichol Smith 1913, section 26 900:Nichol Smith 1913, section 25 1270:Birthplace, home, and museum 1140:(1810?) at Internet Archive 918:Lonsdale 2006, note 17, p.11 627:published several essays in 1182:(1826) at Internet Archive 1097:Lives of the Poets Volume 2 1082:Lives of the Poets Volume 1 1000:"Chalmers, Alexander"  38:portrait by Joshua Reynolds 1714: 1540:The Vanity of Human Wishes 1160:an introd. by Arthur Waugh 787:The Life of Samuel Johnson 179:, previously published in 1678:Biographies about writers 1646: 1440:Life of Mr Richard Savage 131:replied, "Yes, sir; and 88:Life of Mr Richard Savage 1400:The Gentleman's Magazine 1356:Elizabeth Johnson (wife) 305:Samuel Butler (Hudibras) 280:The poets included are: 193:had already appeared in 182:The Gentleman's Magazine 1698:Books by Samuel Johnson 234:Poems by Eminent Ladies 1673:1781 non-fiction books 1588:Life of Samuel Johnson 1572:Life of Samuel Johnson 1500:Letter to Chesterfield 1467:Preface to Shakespeare 1385:Essays and periodicals 1204:) at Internet Archive 909:Lonsdale 2006, pp.9-10 879:Lonsdale 2006, pp.32-3 623:Between 1821 and 1824 579: 553:George, Lord Lyttelton 209:written by his friend 75:Jean-Philippe Baratier 44: 852:Lonsdale 2006, pp.4-5 790:, Musaicum Books 2017 574: 429:Sir Richard Blackmore 195:The Poetical Calendar 189:and the character of 177:the Earl of Roscommon 35: 1315:Samuel Johnson Prize 752:Bate, Walter Jackson 606:The Deserted Village 197:(1763). 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227: 226:George Colman 223: 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 166: 164: 162: 158: 157:James Thomson 154: 150: 146: 142: 141:Thomas Yalden 138: 134: 128: 126: 125:Thomas Cadell 122: 118: 117:Thomas Davies 114: 110: 106: 101: 96: 94: 90: 89: 84: 83:Francis Drake 80: 76: 68: 66: 63: 61: 57: 56: 51: 50: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 1637:Blinking Sam 1635: 1618: 1609: 1603: 1595: 1587: 1579: 1571: 1559:Contemporary 1545: 1538: 1532: 1525: 1517: 1498: 1491: 1484: 1444: 1412: 1405: 1398: 1391: 1361:Henry Thrale 1346:John Hawkins 1197: 1179: 1137: 1130: 1107: 1095: 1080: 1062:, OUP 2016, 1059: 1054: 1043: 1039: 1027: 1015: 1004: 989: 978: 967: 961:Google Books 956: 950:Google Books 945: 936: 928: 923: 914: 905: 896: 884: 875: 866: 857: 848: 837: 829: 824:Pat Rogers, 820: 801: 795:Introduction 786: 777: 757: 736: 722:Bibliography 715: 711: 709: 696: 691: 681: 675: 665: 660: 642: 634: 628: 622: 617: 615: 610: 604: 600: 581: 576: 557: 538:David Mallet 533:Edward Young 513:Gilbert West 394:Samuel Garth 375:Thomas Sprat 370:William King 365:Richard Duke 360:Edmund Smith 345:John Philips 330:John Pomfret 320:Thomas Otway 279: 268: 240: 238: 233: 232:’s 2-volume 215: 211:Edmund Smith 207:John Philips 199:Edward Young 194: 180: 170: 160: 153:The Creation 152: 137:John Pomfret 132: 129: 112: 99: 97: 86: 79:Robert Blake 72: 64: 54: 53: 48: 47: 46: 41: 29: 1520:translation 1414:The Rambler 1200:(1854; ed. 1032:Arnold 1972 1020:Arnold 1972 637:Kirke White 589:John Denham 548:Thomas Gray 503:Isaac Watts 409:John Hughes 355:John Dryden 300:John Milton 161:The Seasons 145:Isaac Watts 1667:Categories 1275:Early life 832:, OUP 1995 812:References 781:, OUP 2008 595:, Milton, 585:John Scott 69:Background 1629:Portraits 1611:Thraliana 1432:criticism 1407:The Idler 1158:reprint; 889:Bate 1977 842:Gutenberg 695:, in his 593:John Dyer 523:John Dyer 109:John Bell 105:copyright 1654:Category 1561:accounts 1295:The Club 1218:Volume 3 1213:Volume 2 1208:Volume 1 1191:Volume 2 1186:Volume 1 1169:Volume 3 1152:Volume 2 1144:Volume 1 1124:Volume 4 1119:Volume 3 1114:Volume 2 997:(1887). 806:Bartleby 754:(1977), 731:(1972), 703:, Pope, 439:John Gay 93:a friend 1518:Messiah 1110:(1783) 745:6338231 735:(ed.), 705:Addison 670:Chaucer 249:Lycidas 1526:London 1324:People 1280:Health 1173:(1819) 1164:(1819) 1147:(1821) 766:  743:  701:Dryden 558: 245:Milton 81:, and 1533:Irene 1376:Hodge 1048:p.162 828:, in 257:Swift 1156:1905 764:ISBN 741:OCLC 649:and 597:Pope 253:Gray 228:and 155:and 123:and 1100:at 1085:at 247:'s 159:’s 151:’s 133:say 1669:: 1171:; 1162:; 1154:; 1003:. 591:, 251:, 213:. 147:, 143:, 139:, 119:, 77:, 1248:e 1241:t 1234:v 20:)

Index

Lives of the Poets

portrait by Joshua Reynolds
Samuel Johnson
Jean-Philippe Baratier
Robert Blake
Francis Drake
Life of Mr Richard Savage
a friend
copyright
John Bell
Thomas Davies
William Strahan
Thomas Cadell
John Pomfret
Thomas Yalden
Isaac Watts
Richard Blackmore
James Thomson
Richard Savage
the Earl of Roscommon
The Gentleman's Magazine
Alexander Pope
William Collins
Edward Young
Sir Herbert Croft
John Philips
Edmund Smith
Charles Churchill
Oliver Goldsmith

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