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159:) to catch the animal and may have a baulk gate that swings aside to assist in catching the beast. The bail is often adjustable to accommodate animals of different sizes. This bail may incorporate a chin or neck bar to hold the animal's head still. A side lever operates the head bail to capture the animals, with the better types having a rear drop-away safety lever for easier movement of the cattle into the bail. Usually, smaller animals can walk through the head bails incorporated in crushes.
311:. Crushes were, and in places still are, used for this purpose in North America and in many European countries. They were usually stand-alone constructions of heavy timbers or stone columns and beams. Some crushes were simple, without a head bail or yoke, while others had more sophisticated restraints and mechanisms; a common feature is a belly sling which allows the animal to be partly or wholly raised from the ground. In Spain, the crush was a village community resource and is called
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363:, or "the machine for shoeing the oxen". In the United States it was called an ox sling, an ox press or shoeing stalls. In some countries, including the Netherlands and France, horses were commonly shod in the same structures. In the United States similar but smaller structures, usually called horse shoeing stocks, are still in use, primarily to assist farriers in supporting the weight of the horse's hoof and leg when shoeing
469:
116:, marked, or given veterinary treatment. Cows may be made to suckle calves in a crush. For the safety of the animal and the people attending it, a close-fitting crush may be used to ensure the animal stands "stock still". The overall purpose of a crush is to hold an animal still to minimise the risk of injury to both the animal and the operator while work on the animal is performed.
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welded together, while superior quality crushes are now manufactured using doubly symmetric oval tubing for increasing bending strength, bruise minimisation and stiffness in stockyard applications. In
Australia, the steel itself should ideally be manufactured to High Tensile Grade 350LO - 450LO and conform to Australian Standards AS 1163 for structural steel.
179:
has a manual or hydraulic mechanism to squeeze the animal from the sides, immobilizing the animal while keeping bruising to a minimum. A sliding entrance gate, operated from the side of the crush, is set a few feet behind the captured animal to allow for clearance and prevent other animals entering.
243:
Standing stocks for cattle and horses are more commonly stand-alone units, not connected to races (alleys) except for handling animals not accustomed to being handled. These stand-alone units may be permanent or portable. Some portable units disassemble for transport to shows and sales. These units
132:
Crushes were traditionally manufactured from wood; this, however, was prone to deterioration from the elements over time, as well as having the potential to splinter and cause injury to the animal. In recent years, most budget-quality crushes have been built using standard heavy steel pipe that is
288:, specifically trimming excess hoof material and cleaning. Such crushes range from simple standing frameworks to highly complex fixed or portable devices where much or all of the process is mechanised. Many standard crushes now come with optional fitting kits to add to a non-foot trimming crush.
199:
Some mobile crushes are equipped with a set of wheels so they can be towed from yard to yard. A few of these portable crushes are built so the crush may also be used as a portable loading ramp. A mobile crush must incorporate a strong floor, to prevent the animal moving it by walking along the
174:
Lower side panels and/or gates of sheet metal, timber or conveyor belting are used in some cases to ensure animals' legs do not get caught and reduce the likelihood of operator injury. At least one side gate is usually split to allow access to various parts of the animal being held, as well as
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or pregnancy testing is being performed, or for other uses. Older crushes can also be found to have a guillotine gate that is also operated from the side via rope or chain where the gate is raised up for the animal to go under upon entering the crush, and then let down behind the animal.
203:
Crushes vary in sophistication, according to requirements and cost. The simplest are just a part of a cattle race (alley) with a suitable head bail. More complex ones incorporate features such as automatic catching systems, hatches (to gain access to various parts of the animal),
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and adult bulls, and have platforms and rail spacing that allows riders and assistants to access the animal from above. These chutes release the animal and the rider through a side gate. A roping chute is large enough to contain a steer of the size used in
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240:) are low-sided or very wide, to avoid damage to the horns. Other specialist crushes include those for tasks such as automatic scanning, foot-trimming or clipping the hair under the belly, and smaller crushes (calf cradles) for calves.
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196:, because the animal is carried on a conveyor restrainer under its belly, with its legs dangling in a slot on either side. Carried in this manner, the animal is unable to move either forward or backward by its own volition.
136:
Cattle crushes may be fully fixed or mobile; however, most crushes are best classified as semipermanent, being potentially movable but designed to primarily stay in one place. A cattle crush is typically linked to a
784:
Magdesian, K. Gary; Fielding, C. Langdon; Rhodes, Diane M.; Ruby, Rebecca E. (November 2006). "Changes in central venous pressure and blood lactate concentration in response to acute blood loss in horses".
180:
Crushes will, in many cases, have a single or split veterinary gate that swings behind the animal to improve operator safety, while preventing the animal from moving backwards by a horizontal
304:
Many cattle producers managed herds with nothing more than a race (alley) and a headgate (or a rope) until tagging requirements and disease control necessitated the installation of crushes.
208:(to raise the feet or the whole animal), constricting sides to hold the animal firmly (normal in North American slaughterhouses), a rocking floor to prevent kicking or a weighing mechanism.
1818:
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In recent years, crushes are often integrated with weighing systems. The crush provides the ideal opportunity to weigh and measure the animal while it is safely contained within the unit.
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are used during grooming and also with veterinary procedures performed with the animal standing, especially if it requires heavy sedation, or to permit surgery under sedation rather than
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248:. For some surgical procedures, this is reported to be efficient. These units also are used during some procedures that require a horse to stand still, but without sedation.
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Kay, Alastair T.; Spirito, Michael A.; Rodgerson, Dwayne H.; Brown, Stuart E. (June 2008). "Surgical technique to repair grade IV rectal tears in post-parturient mares".
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inserted just behind its haunches into one of a series of slots. If this arrangement is absent, a palpation cage can be added to the crush for veterinary use when
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Elce, Yvonne A.; Richardson, Dean W. (2002). "Arthroscopic removal of dorsoproximal chip fractures of the proximal phalanx in standing horses".
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A hoof trimming crush, also called a hoof trimming chute or hoof trimming stalls, is a crush specifically designed for the task of
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and may also have a seat above the chute for an operator. The steer or calf is released through the front of the chute.
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Specialist crushes are made for various purposes. For example, those designed for cattle with very long horns (such as
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In the past the principal use of the crush, in
England also known as a trevis, was for the shoeing of
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267:, the crush is called a roping chute. The rough-riding chutes are notably higher in order to hold
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558:"Bowman MFG Inc. - Cattle and livestock handling equipment - Cattle Chutes and Cattle Equipment"
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Scanning and weighing crush with timber and belting sides to increase the accuracy of
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has a stone belly block to further limit the animal's freedom of movement.
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1005:"Well Trained to the Yoke: Working Oxen on the Village's Historical Farm"
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263:, are known as bucking chutes or rough-riding chutes. For events such as
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Doyle, Philip W., Beef Cattle Yards, NSW Dept. of
Agriculture, 1979
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is in the background, between buildings, of this 1905 blacksmithy.
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383:, Austria; a pair of ox shoes is attached to the near left column
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689:"The "Livestock Controller" crush, designed to prevent kicking"
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There are two different types of specialised crushes used in
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providing access to feed a calf, amongst other things. A
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Roofed ox shoeing crush of three-column construction in
343:, "three beams", all surviving examples but that at
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arenas. Those for the "rough stock" events, such as
32:
A cattle crush and an anti-bruise race in
Australia.
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347:have four columns. In central Italy it is called a
19:"Stock (cage)" redirects here. For other uses, see
1783:List of Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame inductees
1819:Buildings and structures used to confine animals
100:) is a strongly built stall or cage for holding
331:) or "shoeing trevis", and was associated with
1753:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum
1199:
317:, or "shoeing frame". In France it is called
8:
1763:Professional Bull Riders: Heroes and Legends
427:used to limit movement of the animal's head.
1287:List of Professional Bull Riders Champions
1206:
1192:
1184:
1092:"Draft Horse Shoeing... An Owner's Manual"
1252:Australian Professional Rodeo Association
1748:National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
1177:Circular cattle yard - 250 head capacity
1169:Beef cattle yards for less than 100 head
510:Illustration in a 1925 book from France.
27:
1778:List of ProRodeo Hall of Fame inductees
1262:Canadian Professional Rodeo Association
1045:(4). Santa Fe Trail Research Site. 1999
625:
623:
549:
369:
40:Chin (or neck) bar in operation during
1743:Cheyenne Frontier Days Old West Museum
1317:Women's Professional Rodeo Association
1292:Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association
379:Ox shoeing sling in the Dorfmuseum of
16:Strongly built livestock holding stall
665:Beef Cattle Breeding & Management
7:
606:"Cattle Yard Features & Options"
1738:Australian Stockman's Hall of Fame
1090:Bowers, Steve (Winter 2003–2004).
443:(Salamanca), Spain, the community
192:A crush is a permanent fixture in
14:
1039:Wet/Dry Routes Chapter Newsletter
876:. agriculture.com. Archived from
667:. Popular Books, Frenchs Forest.
1392:Bareback and saddle bronc riding
1302:List of Canadian Rodeo Champions
1154:
1129:. horseshoes.com. Archived from
763:10.1111/j.1532-950X.2008.00387.x
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1788:Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame
419:(Ávila), Spain, the community
361:sa macchina po ferrai is boisi
1:
1272:Miles City Bucking Horse Sale
931:. Princes Risborough: Shire.
653:Retrieved on 4 September 2008
821:"Steel Hoof Trimming Chutes"
663:Beattie, William A. (1990).
608:. National Stockyard Systems
580:www.filsonlivestockequip.com
562:www.bowmanenterprisesnet.com
220:Indoor rough-riding chutes,
1824:Livestock herding equipment
1065:"A Dutch Horseshoeing Cage"
292:Integrated weighing systems
1840:
1127:The Small Farmer's Journal
1123:"Building a Shoeing Stock"
981:(in Italian and Sardinian)
641:Retrieved on 16 April 2009
18:
1307:Lists of rodeo performers
1221:
1011:. osv.org. Archived from
979:"Tradizioni - Serramanna"
335:shops. Although the word
226:Tamworth, New South Wales
1758:Bull Riding Hall of Fame
1282:Professional Bull Riders
906:. Warwick Cattle Crushes
799:10.2460/javma.229.9.1458
423:includes a piece of the
286:caring for cattle hooves
966:The shoeing of the oxen
954:"La ferratura dei buoi"
728:10.1053/jvet.2002.32393
480:Saint-Sulpice-de-Cognac
186:artificial insemination
147:). The front end has a
1267:Cheyenne Frontier Days
1009:Old Sturbridge Village
991:Serramanna: traditions
925:Watts, Martin (1999).
787:J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc
639:CHUTES and ACCESSORIES
401:Castelnuovo Berardenga
360:
229:
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112:safely while they are
45:
33:
21:Stock (disambiguation)
1768:ProRodeo Hall of Fame
1493:American Bucking Bull
1442:Miniature bull riding
1163:at Wikimedia Commons
576:"Sweeps & Alleys"
528:living history museum
238:Texas Longhorn cattle
219:
165:
127:
39:
31:
1697:Rattlesnake round-up
586:on 27 September 2018
1427:Dally ribbon roping
1096:Draft Horse Journal
904:www.starkeng.com.au
827:. appletonsteel.com
651:Conveyor Restrainer
482:(Charente), France.
339:derives from Latin
280:Hoof trimming crush
1773:Rodeo Hall of Fame
1682:Miss Rodeo America
1326:Culture and people
1277:Pendleton Round-Up
1133:on 4 February 2010
1071:: 102. July 1912.
952:Tacchini, Alvaro.
874:Agriculture Online
695:on 22 October 2010
536:Baden-Wuerttemberg
355:is referred to as
246:general anesthesia
230:
212:Specialist crushes
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143:(also known as an
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34:
1796:
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1665:Affiliated events
1605:Straw man (dummy)
1412:Chuckwagon racing
1159:Media related to
1069:Popular Mechanics
417:Villar de Corneja
1831:
1814:Animal equipment
1722:Wild cow milking
1656:Jineteada gaucha
1631:Australian rodeo
1397:Breakaway roping
1358:Stock contractor
1257:Calgary Stampede
1235:History of rodeo
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848:"Crush options"
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177:squeeze crush
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86:North America
83:
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78:North America
75:
74:squeeze chute
71:
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63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
38:
30:
26:
22:
1717:Whipcracking
1712:Trick roping
1707:Trick riding
1564:Western wear
1498:Bucking bull
1477:Trail course
1462:Steer roping
1457:Steer riding
1452:Pole bending
1353:Pickup rider
1233:
1225:
1176:
1168:
1153:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1126:
1121:Beck, Doug.
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1099:
1095:
1085:
1068:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1042:
1038:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:the original
1008:
998:
990:
983:. Retrieved
973:
965:
958:. Retrieved
956:(in Italian)
947:
928:Working oxen
927:
920:
908:. Retrieved
903:
894:
882:. Retrieved
878:the original
873:
864:
852:. Retrieved
841:
829:. Retrieved
824:
815:
790:
786:
779:
757:(4): 345–9.
754:
750:
744:
719:
715:
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:the original
683:
664:
658:
646:
634:
610:. Retrieved
600:
588:. Retrieved
584:the original
579:
570:
561:
552:
523:
495:
475:
460:
444:
420:
365:draft horses
348:
340:
336:
328:
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306:
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295:
283:
265:steer roping
257:bronc riding
250:
242:
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176:
173:
156:
152:
148:
144:
138:
135:
131:
120:Construction
93:
92:, or simply
89:
82:cattle chute
81:
73:
50:cattle crush
49:
47:
25:
1702:Rodeo queen
1585:Flank strap
1544:Cowboy boot
1513:Stock horse
1472:Team roping
1432:Flag racing
1422:Rodeo clown
1407:Calf roping
1402:Bull riding
1245:Competition
1137:24 December
1019:24 December
910:24 December
884:24 December
538:, Germany).
524:Klauenstand
441:Navamorales
397:Pievasciata
261:bull riding
140:cattle race
108:, or other
58:New Zealand
1803:Categories
1549:Cowboy hat
1437:Goat tying
1382:All-Around
831:29 October
612:31 October
544:References
333:blacksmith
1692:O-Mok-See
1636:Charreada
1573:Equipment
1508:Corriente
1486:Livestock
1077:0032-4558
494:A French
357:Sardinian
351:, but in
349:travaglio
341:tripalium
170:scanning.
157:head gate
153:neck yoke
149:head bail
110:livestock
70:Australia
1672:Hay buck
1534:Bolo tie
1529:Bandanna
1522:Clothing
1179:(2nd ed)
1171:(5th ed)
1049:6 August
807:17078809
771:18564258
751:Vet Surg
736:11994846
716:Vet Surg
699:16 March
590:16 March
381:Mönchhof
353:Sardinia
345:Roissard
325:travails
323:(plural
200:ground.
182:rump bar
114:examined
66:Botswana
42:mouthing
1363:Vaquero
496:travail
476:travail
461:travail
337:travail
329:travaux
300:History
206:winches
168:ear tag
98:Ireland
62:Ireland
1809:Cattle
1580:Bridle
1375:Events
1333:Cowboy
1075:
935:
805:
769:
734:
671:
327:, not
269:horses
106:horses
102:cattle
1646:Coleo
1590:Lasso
1554:Jeans
1539:Chaps
1228:Rodeo
1215:Rodeo
1106:9 May
985:9 May
960:9 May
854:9 May
850:. iae
526:in a
253:rodeo
222:AELEC
145:alley
94:stock
1600:Spur
1139:2017
1108:2011
1073:ISSN
1051:2017
1021:2017
987:2011
962:2011
933:ISBN
912:2017
886:2017
856:2012
833:2018
803:PMID
767:PMID
732:PMID
701:2020
669:ISBN
614:2018
592:2020
425:yoke
309:oxen
259:and
151:(or
88:),
68:and
52:(in
1102:(4)
795:doi
791:229
759:doi
724:doi
530:in
478:in
439:In
415:In
236:or
155:or
80:),
72:),
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1125:.
1100:40
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765:.
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720:31
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474:A
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
