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synthesis is maintained and not disrupted in the host cell. Maintaining protein synthesis allows the virus to prevent normal cellular replication, but still allow for ribosome dependent translation to occur. The primary site for replication is also thought to be in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
330:. The viral Protein RGD is what binds the virus to the cell it is trying to get into. The protein rests in the more flexible areas of the capsid shell. Very little is known about how exactly the virus enters the cell. The virus can enter the cell through many different pathways, but most likely the
350:
When the virus is replicating in cells, it typically uses the mechanisms already in the cell to replicate ins own genomic information. However, unlike many other picornaviruses, Pacherovirus B does not completely shut down the host cell's ability to replicate its own genomic information. Protein
359:
Due to primary replication in the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the intestines, viral shedding can lead to many gastrointestinal issues. Diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms associated with being infected with picornaviruses, Parechovirus B included. As for respiratory disease and
287:; when rodents increase to high densities, they find it difficult to defend territory and obtain food, and then become more susceptible to predation. This stressful situation results in disease, death and population decline, leading to a pattern of cyclic variation in population size over time.
295:
Parecherovirus B is a positive sense, single stranded RNA virus. Parechovirus B is a virus that contains an outer shell. This outer shell, or capsid is made up of proteins set up in an icosahedral formation. Unlike other picornaviruses, the capsid shell of
Parechovirus B has some proteins that
848:
Schoenecker, B.; K.E. Heller & T. Freimanis (2000). "Development of stereotypies and polydipsia in wild caught bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and their laboratory-bred offspring. Is polydipsia a symptom of diabetes mellitus?".
303:
This image is an example of what an icosahedral capsid protein shell might look like. This is not the exact formation of the
Parechovirus B capsid shell, it is a good example, of how the capsid proteins might be
932:
Zhu, Ling; Wang, Xiangxi; Ren, Jingshan; Porta, Claudine; Wenham, Hannah; Ekström, Jens-Ola; Panjwani, Anusha; Knowles, Nick J.; Kotecha, Abhay; Siebert, C. Alistair; Lindberg, A. Michael (2015-10-08).
283:
was that infected wild rodents developed diabetes if they were exposed to stress. This has led to speculation that this disease may be the underlying cause of fluctuating rodent populations in
692:
Niklasson, B.; Papadogiannakis, Nikos; Gustafsson, Susanne; et al. (2009). "Zoonotic
Ljungan virus associated with central nervous system malformations in terminated pregnancy".
514:
Niklasson, B.; Feinstein, Ricardo E.; Samsioe, Annika; et al. (2006). "Diabetes and myocarditis in voles and lemmings at cyclic peak densities--induced by
Ljungan virus?".
1259:
1272:
1218:
565:
Samsioe, A.; Saade, George; Sjöholm, Åke; et al. (2006). "Intrauterine death, fetal malformation, and delayed pregnancy in
Ljungan virus-infected mice".
1310:
600:
Salisbury, A. M.; Begon, M.; Dove, W.; Niklasson, B.; Stewart, J. P. (2013). "Ljungan virus is endemic in rodents in the UK".
1121:– This site intends to be a knowledge bank summarizing the increasing mass of information generated regarding the effects of
236:
45:
239:
in humans. In addition, studies are being conducted worldwide to investigate the possible connection of the virus to
1223:
645:"Development of type 1 diabetes in wild bank voles associated with islet autoantibodies and the novel ljungan virus"
1277:
1315:
232:
381:
360:
symptoms, there is evidence that
Pacrechovirus B can cause respiratory disease. Wheezing and even contracting
1300:
889:
Harvala, H.; Simmonds, P. (2009). "Human parechoviruses: Biology, epidemiology and clinical significance".
770:
Niklasson, B.; et al. (2007). "Association of zoonotic
Ljungan virus with intrauterine fetal deaths".
727:
Niklasson, B.; Hörnfeldt, Birger; Klitz, William (2009). "Sudden infant death syndrome and
Ljungan virus".
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830:
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1000:"The Structure of Human Parechovirus 1 Reveals an Association of the RNA Genome with the Capsid"
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Joki-Korpela, P.; T. Hyypia (2001). "Parechoviruses, a novel group of human picornaviruses".
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215:, which is also found in several places in Europe and America, causes serious illness in
950:
935:"Structure of Ljungan virus provides insight into genome packaging of this picornavirus"
527:
1034:
999:
975:
934:
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644:
464:"Characterization of Whitney's Clethrionomys gapperi virus isolates from Massachusetts"
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118:
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267:
82:
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have also been identified as symptoms of respiratory infection with
Parechovirus B.
1210:
1057:
Joki-Korpela, P.; Marjomaki, V.; Krogerus, C.; Heino, J.; Hyypia, T. (2001-02-15).
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There is a receptor for
Parechovirus B on the outer membrane of a cell called
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223:. Several scientific articles have recently reported findings indicating that
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Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology
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protrude and are markedly displaced from the remainder of the proteins.
958:
783:
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643:
Niklasson, B.; Schønecker, Bryan; Bildsøe, Mogens; et al. (2003).
578:
489:
423:"A new picornavirus isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus)"
200:
208:
1152:
421:
Niklasson, B.; Hörnfeldt, Birger; Hörling, Jan; et al. (1999).
195:, was first discovered in the mid-1990s after being isolated from a
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57:
772:
Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology
1156:
998:
Kalynych, Sergei; Pálková, Lenka; Plevka, Pavel (2015-11-18).
1133:
279:). One of the earliest scientific discoveries regarding
1130:"Developing tools and treatments for virus infections"
1125:
infection. It is financed and written by Apodemus AB.
389:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1234:
1165:
1145:– Apodemus is the research company that discovered
462:Main, A.J.; R.E. Shope & R.C. Wallis (1976).
509:
507:
261:. Other members of this viral family include
8:
1153:
342:proteins on the host cell are still used.
29:
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211:. It has since been established that
7:
25:
382:"Rename 12 picornavirus species"
44:
1076:10.1128/jvi.75.4.1958-1967.2001
1059:"Entry of Human Parechovirus 1"
247:and other illnesses in humans.
271:, and the viruses causing the
1:
863:10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00108-8
380:Knowles, Nick (7 July 2014).
891:Journal of Clinical Virology
237:sudden infant death syndrome
1332:
481:10.7589/0090-3558-12.2.154
903:10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.009
819:10.3109/07853890109002095
741:10.1007/s12024-009-9086-8
614:10.1007/s00705-013-1731-6
536:10.1007/s00442-006-0493-1
171:
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39:
32:
1311:Rare infectious diseases
233:intrauterine fetal death
729:Forensic Sci Med Pathol
649:Int J Exp Diabesity Res
661:10.1080/15438600303733
440:10.1006/viro.1998.9557
305:
189:, formerly called the
939:Nature Communications
302:
253:belongs to the genus
1017:10.1128/jvi.02346-15
694:Birth Defects Res. A
602:Archives of Virology
291:Viral classification
41:Virus classification
1063:Journal of Virology
1004:Journal of Virology
951:2015NatCo...6.8316Z
851:Appl Anim Behav Sci
528:2006Oecol.150....1N
355:Associated diseases
227:is associated with
959:10.1038/ncomms9316
784:10.1002/bdra.20359
706:10.1002/bdra.20568
579:10.1002/bdrb.20083
309:Genome replication
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221:laboratory animals
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1159:Taxon identifiers
409:Ljungan virus 1-4
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16:(Redirected from
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1132:. Archived from
1119:Ljunganvirus.org
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1069:(4): 1958–1967.
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1197:Parechovirus B
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1167:Parechovirus B
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1147:Parechovirus B
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1123:Parechovirus B
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1113:External links
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857:(4): 349–357.
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281:Parechovirus B
259:Picornaviridae
257:of the family
251:Parechovirus B
225:Parechovirus B
213:Parechovirus B
186:Parechovirus B
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1136:on 2020-08-06
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18:Ljungan virus
1235:
1166:
1149:in the 1990s
1146:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:the original
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433:(1): 86–93.
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401:Parechovirus
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392:. Retrieved
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255:Parechovirus
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245:neurological
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144:Parechovirus
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96:Pisuviricota
95:
83:
71:
64:
54:(unranked):
33:
1191:Wikispecies
945:(1): 8316.
468:J Wildl Dis
346:Replication
285:Scandinavia
273:common cold
219:as well as
1295:Categories
1140:2009-09-11
897:(1): 1–9.
522:(1): 1–7.
368:References
314:Cell entry
304:assembled.
277:rhinovirus
263:poliovirus
1182:Q24721961
1085:0022-538X
1026:0022-538X
967:2041-1723
911:1386-6532
516:Oecologia
362:pneumonia
203:river in
199:near the
197:bank vole
151:Species:
79:Kingdom:
72:Riboviria
1265:11460186
1251:Q1441063
1245:Wikidata
1176:Wikidata
1103:11160695
1044:26581987
985:26446437
919:19372062
871:10844158
835:37499760
827:11680794
792:17335057
757:25470667
749:19408134
714:19180651
679:12745669
630:15595591
622:23665770
587:16894624
552:22311201
544:16868760
498:31369232
449:10049824
427:Virology
332:integrin
320:integrin
241:diabetes
207:county,
205:Medelpad
166:Synonyms
127:Family:
91:Phylum:
1224:1803957
1035:4719609
976:4633645
947:Bibcode
807:Ann Med
670:2480497
524:Bibcode
201:Ljungan
139:Genus:
115:Order:
103:Class:
1278:172314
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235:, and
209:Sweden
1260:IRMNG
1211:4DK9G
831:S2CID
753:S2CID
626:S2CID
548:S2CID
494:S2CID
394:1 May
385:(PDF)
65:Realm
58:Virus
1273:NCBI
1219:NCBI
1099:PMID
1081:ISSN
1040:PMID
1022:ISSN
981:PMID
963:ISSN
915:PMID
907:ISSN
867:PMID
823:PMID
788:PMID
745:PMID
710:PMID
675:PMID
618:PMID
583:PMID
540:PMID
490:6801
486:PMID
445:PMID
396:2019
217:wild
1206:CoL
1089:PMC
1071:doi
1030:PMC
1012:doi
971:PMC
955:doi
899:doi
859:doi
815:doi
780:doi
737:doi
702:doi
665:PMC
657:doi
610:doi
606:159
575:doi
532:doi
520:150
476:doi
435:doi
431:255
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338:β
336:v
334:α
328:6
326:β
324:v
322:α
275:(
20:)
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