40:
201:. They reconstructed the dwellings of 3.5 by 7 metres (11 ft 6 in × 23 ft 0 in) in size, separated by approximately 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in). The analyses of the piles revealed that the dwellings were repaired each year and that a new house had to be built on the same place in as little as 10 to 20 years.
220:
The wooden wheel belonged to a prehistoric two-wheel cart – a pushcart. Similar wheels have been found in the hilly regions of
Switzerland and southwest Germany, but the Ljubljana Marshes wheel is bigger and older. It shows that wooden wheels may have appeared almost simultaneously in
264:. The axle was attached to the wheels with oak wood wedges, which meant that the axle rotated together with the wheels. The wheel was made from a tree that grew in the vicinity of the pile dwellings and at the time of the wheel construction was approximately 80 years old.
208:, they built temporary residences on isolated rocks in the marsh and on the fringe, living by hunting and gathering. The permanent settlements were not built until the first farmers appeared approximately 6,000 years ago during the
308:
363:
193:, a special form of dwellings in areas with lakes and marshes. The archaeologists at the excavation site identified over one thousand piles in the bed of the
190:
39:
158:
383:
165:, showed that it was approximately 5,100 to 5,350 years old, which makes it the oldest wooden wheel yet discovered. It was discovered by a team of
347:
312:
170:
368:
271:
of wood which are held together with four cross braces. The cross braces appear to have been held in place simply by a
373:
186:
185:
were discovered in the
Ljubljana Marsh as early as in 1875. Since 2011, the site has been protected as a
121:
91:
284:
275:
arrangement, the braces being fitted into tenoned slots carved into the two main wheel sections.
154:
169:
archeologists from the
Ljubljana Institute of Archaeology, a part of the Research Center at the
343:
272:
17:
378:
225:
and Europe, though finds of actual wheels from
Mesopotamia date from significantly later.
142:
107:
182:
95:
58: in), the wheel is made of ash and oak. The aperture for the 120-centimetre-long (
357:
268:
204:
The earliest inhabitants settled in the region as early as 9,000 years ago. In the
72: in) axle is square, which means that the wheel and the axle rotated together.
337:
222:
205:
311:. Government Communication Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from
209:
146:
125:
243:
166:
150:
111:
81:
194:
198:
162:
138:
261:
267:
It appears that the wheel itself is primarily made of two
342:(bilingual English and Slovenian edition). Založba ZRC.
117:
102:
87:
77:
32:
339:Stare Gmajne Pile-Dwelling Settlement and its Era
8:
302:
300:
191:prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
38:
29:
159:Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator
145:some 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of
309:"World's Oldest Wheel Found in Slovenia"
173:, under the guidance of Anton Velušček.
296:
364:Archaeological discoveries in Slovenia
27:Wooden wheel found in Slovenia in 2002
228:It has a diameter of 72 centimetres (
44:Having a diameter of 70 centimetres (
7:
171:Slovene Academy of Arts and Sciences
157:, performed in the VERA laboratory (
246:wood, and its 124-centimetre-long (
25:
307:Gasser, Aleksander (March 2003).
384:2002 archaeological discoveries
336:Velušček, Anton (ed.) (2009).
18:Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel
1:
400:
260: in) axle is made of
187:UNESCO World Heritage Site
242: in) and is made of
37:
177:The archaeological site
135:Ljubljana Marshes Wheel
33:Ljubljana Marshes Wheel
141:that was found in the
122:Ljubljana City Museum
94:(approx. 5,100-5,350
369:Prehistoric Slovenia
285:Prehistoric Europe
155:Radiocarbon dating
374:Copper Age Europe
348:978-961-254-155-2
189:as an example of
149:, the capital of
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
391:
324:
323:
321:
320:
304:
259:
258:
254:
251:
241:
240:
236:
233:
216:The wooden wheel
118:Present location
71:
70:
66:
63:
57:
56:
52:
49:
42:
30:
21:
399:
398:
394:
393:
392:
390:
389:
388:
354:
353:
333:
331:Further reading
328:
327:
318:
316:
306:
305:
298:
293:
281:
256:
252:
249:
247:
238:
234:
231:
229:
218:
179:
143:Ljubljana Marsh
108:Ljubljana Marsh
73:
68:
64:
61:
59:
54:
50:
47:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
397:
395:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
356:
355:
352:
351:
332:
329:
326:
325:
295:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
280:
277:
217:
214:
183:pile dwellings
178:
175:
129:
128:
119:
115:
114:
104:
100:
99:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
396:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
359:
349:
345:
341:
340:
335:
334:
330:
315:on 2016-08-26
314:
310:
303:
301:
297:
290:
286:
283:
282:
278:
276:
274:
270:
265:
263:
245:
226:
224:
215:
213:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
41:
36:
31:
19:
338:
317:. Retrieved
313:the original
266:
227:
219:
203:
180:
137:is a wooden
134:
132:
92:Chalcolithic
223:Mesopotamia
181:Remains of
153:, in 2002.
358:Categories
319:2015-03-07
291:References
206:Mesolithic
195:Iška River
103:Discovered
210:Neolithic
147:Ljubljana
126:Ljubljana
279:See also
151:Slovenia
112:Slovenia
106:2002 in
82:Ash wood
78:Material
255:⁄
237:⁄
197:, near
167:Slovene
88:Created
67:⁄
53:⁄
379:Wheels
346:
269:planks
163:Vienna
273:tenon
161:) in
139:wheel
344:ISBN
133:The
262:oak
244:ash
360::
299:^
248:48
230:28
212:.
199:Ig
124:,
110:,
96:BP
60:47
46:27
350:.
322:.
257:8
253:7
250:+
239:8
235:3
232:+
98:)
69:4
65:1
62:+
55:2
51:1
48:+
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
