604:
489:; and although they had divided amongst themselves all North Wales, except the land of Conan, and although David, having married the sister of king Henry II, by whom he had one son, was powerfully supported by the English, yet within a few years the legitimate son, destitute of lands or money (by the aid of divine vengeance), bravely expelled from North Wales those who were born in public incest, though supported by their own wealth and by that of others, leaving them nothing but what the liberality of his own mind and the counsel of good men from pity suggested: a proof that adulterous and incestuous persons are displeasing to God.
2412:. There is, however, a genealogical problem as the Elen who was widowed in 1266 seems to have been too young to be the same woman who married Máel Coluim II in 1230. Her older children with Domhall came of age in the 1290s, if they were the same person this would have placed her childbearing years way past her 50s. As a solution, it has been later claimed that she was the daughter of Dafydd ap Llywelyn instead of Llywelyn himself, nevertheless, this is not corroborated by her wedding date of 1230. Alternatively, British medievalist
351:
1468:, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, his union with her was not recognised by the church, she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch". After Joan's death, Llywelyn took Eva the daughter of
454:
1408:
1220:
legitimate". The Pope welcomed the fact that
Llywelyn was abolishing this custom. In 1226, Llywelyn persuaded the Pope to declare his wife Joan, Dafydd's mother, to be a legitimate daughter of King John, again in order to strengthen Dafydd's position, and in 1229, the English crown accepted Dafydd's homage for the lands he would inherit from his father. In 1238, Llywelyn held a council at
902:
1262:
697:
686:
1376:"Among the chieftains who battled against the Anglo-Norman power his place will always be high if not indeed the highest of all, for no man ever made better or more judicious use of the native force of the Welsh people for adequate national ends; his patriotic statesmanship will always entitle him to wear the proud style of Llywelyn the Great".
1118:"Prince of North Wales", but from that year he changed his title to "Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon". He was, however, more concerned with the reality of power rather than its appearance. He never claimed or used the title "Prince of Wales" despite his authority extending over other rulers in Wales.
634:
of Powys, who was now his main rival in Wales. The clergy intervened to make peace between
Llywelyn and Gwenwynwyn and the invasion was called off. Elise ap Madog, lord of Penllyn, had refused to respond to Llywelyn's summons to arms and was stripped of almost all his lands by Llywelyn as punishment.
380:
Little is known about his father, Iorwerth
Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he
1341:
Dafydd succeeded
Llywelyn as Prince of Gwynedd, but King Henry was not prepared to allow him to inherit his father's position in the remainder of Wales. Dafydd was forced to agree to a treaty greatly restricting his power and was also obliged to hand his half-brother Gruffydd over to the king, who
622:
from
Maredudd ap Cynan on a charge of treachery. In July, the same year Llywelyn concluded a treaty with King John of England. This is the earliest surviving written agreement between an English king and a Welsh ruler, and under its terms, Llywelyn was to swear fealty and do homage to the king. In
857:
comments: "The leader in military alliance assumed the role of lord, his erstwhile allies were now his vassals." Gwenwynwyn of Powys changed sides again that year and allied himself with King John. Llywelyn called up the other princes for a campaign against him and drove him out of southern Powys
1388:
of Wales rested on shaky foundations. Although he had dominated Wales, exacted unprecedented submissions and raised the status of the Prince of
Gwynedd to new heights, his three major ambitions – a permanent hegemony, its recognition by the king, and its inheritance in its entirety by his heir –
1219:
to have Dafydd's succession confirmed. The original petition has not been preserved but the Pope's reply refers to the "detestable custom... in his land whereby the son of the handmaiden was equally heir with the son of the free woman and illegitimate sons obtained an inheritance as if they were
754:
captured. Llywelyn was forced to come to terms, and by the advice of his council sent his wife Joan to negotiate with the king, her father. Joan was able to persuade her father not to dispossess her husband completely, but
Llywelyn lost all his lands east of the River Conwy. He also had to pay a
758:
This was the low point of
Llywelyn's reign, but he quickly recovered his position. The other Welsh princes, who had supported King John against Llywelyn, soon became disillusioned with John's rule and changed sides. Llywelyn formed an alliance with Gwenwynwyn of Powys and the two main rulers of
735:
and retreated west of the River Conwy. The Earl of
Chester rebuilt Deganwy, and Llywelyn retaliated by ravaging the Earl's lands. John sent troops to help restore Gwenwynwyn to the rule of southern Powys. In 1211, John invaded Gwynedd with the aid of almost all the other Welsh princes, planning
333:
lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several major powers in the
Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career, as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in
2341:
granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et... soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an
1092:
Following his capture, William de Braose decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230, William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit, he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with
1273:
Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year. From this time on, his heir Dafydd took an increasing part in the rule of the kingdom. Dafydd deprived his half-brother Gruffydd of the lands given him by Llywelyn and later seized him and his eldest son
782:
John planned another invasion of Gwynedd in August 1212. According to one account, he had just commenced by hanging some of the Welsh hostages given the previous year when he received two letters. One was from his daughter Joan, Llywelyn's wife, the other from William I of Scotland
49:
787:), and both warned him in similar terms that if he invaded Wales his magnates would seize the opportunity to kill him or hand him over to his enemies. The invasion was abandoned, and in 1213, Llywelyn took the castles of Deganwy and Rhuddlan. Llywelyn made an alliance with
1070:
of England and Ireland and one of the most powerful men in the kingdom. Hubert had been given the lordship and castle of Montgomery by the king and was encroaching on Llywelyn's lands nearby. The king raised an army to help Hubert, who began to build another castle in the
1196:, would follow him as ruler of Gwynedd and amended Welsh law as followed in Gwynedd. Llywelyn's amendment to Welsh law favouring legitimate children in a Church sanctioned marriage mirrored the earlier efforts of the Lord Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth, in designating
1111:, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place. The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
1075:
of Ceri. However, in October the royal army was obliged to retreat and Henry agreed to destroy the half-built castle in exchange for the payment of £2,000 by Llywelyn. Llywelyn raised the money by demanding the same sum as the ransom of
775:. Innocent III released Llywelyn, Gwenwynwyn and Maelgwn from all oaths of loyalty to John and lifted the interdict in the territories which they controlled. Llywelyn was able to recover all Gwynedd apart from the castles of Deganwy and
508:
Rhodri died in 1195, and his lands west of the Conwy were taken over by Gruffudd and Maredudd, while Llywelyn ruled the territories taken from Dafydd east of the Conwy. In 1197, Llywelyn captured Dafydd and imprisoned him. A year later
1170:
had succeeded him as Earl of Pembroke. In 1233, hostilities broke out between Richard Marshal and Peter de Rivaux, who was supported by the king. Llywelyn made an alliance with Richard, and in January 1234 the earl and Llywelyn seized
485:, which in Welsh means "flat-nosed", who had a son named Lhewelyn. This young man, being only twelve years of age, began, during the period of our journey, to molest his uncles David and Roderic, the sons of Owen by Christiana, his
1212:, was therefore excluded as the primary heir of Llywelyn, though would be given lands to rule. This was a departure from Welsh custom, which held that the eldest son was his father's heir regardless of his parents' marital status.
1126:
In 1231, there was further fighting. Llywelyn was becoming concerned about the growing power of Hubert de Burgh. Some of his men had been taken prisoner by the garrison of Montgomery and beheaded, and Llywelyn responded by burning
916:
with his successor Henry III in 1218. This treaty confirmed him in possession of all his recent conquests. From then until his death Llywelyn was the dominant force in Wales, though there were further outbreaks of hostilities with
1059:. Llywelyn came to an agreement with the king at Montgomery in October that year. Llywelyn's allies in South Wales were given back lands taken from them by the Marshals and Llywelyn himself gave up his conquests in Shropshire.
2272:
with local variations. However, all sons were provided for out of the lands of the father and in certain circumstances so too were daughters. Additionally, sons could claim maternal patrimony through their mother in certain
1175:. Richard was killed in Ireland in April, but the king agreed to make peace with the insurgents. The Peace of Middle, agreed on 21 June, established a truce of two years with Llywelyn, who was allowed to retain Cardigan and
1228:
to Dafydd. Llywelyn's original intention had been that they should do homage to Dafydd, but the king wrote to the other rulers forbidding them to do homage. Additionally, King Llywelyn arranged for his son Dafydd to marry
755:
large tribute in cattle and horses and to hand over hostages, including his illegitimate son Gruffydd and was forced to agree that if he died without a legitimate heir by Joan, all his lands would revert to the king.
2416:
proposes that Susanna was the daughter Llywelyn who married Máel Coluim II, and that she predeceased him, which would make his widow Elen an entirely different person, unrelated to Llywelyn the Great and his
1103:"That year William de Braose the Younger, Lord of Abergavenny, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."
1248:
but his rule was said to be oppressive, and in 1221 Llywelyn stripped him of these territories. In 1228, Llywelyn imprisoned him, and he was not released until 1234. On his release, he was given part of
309:
in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the
418:
refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd. Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.
980:
to their previous Anglo-Norman owners. He built a number of castles to defend his borders, most thought to have been built between 1220 and 1230. These were the first sophisticated stone castles in
4267:
1233:, eldest daughter of William de Braose. As William de Braose had no male heir, Llywelyn strategized that the vast de Braose holdings in South Wales would pass to the heir of Dafydd with Isabella.
742:"to dispossess Llywelyn and destroy him utterly". The first invasion was forced to retreat, but in August that year John invaded again with a larger army, crossed the River Conwy and penetrated
2220:
One letter from the Pope suggests that Llywelyn may have been married previously, to an unnamed sister of Earl Ranulph of Chester in about 1192, but there appears to be no confirmation of this.
1472:
as his wife. As well as children from his marriage to Joan, he also had children out of wedlock to a Welsh concubine. The following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records:
2233:, compiled in Gwynedd during Llywelyn's reign, claims precedence for the ruler of Aberffraw, the ancient court, over the rulers of the other Welsh kingdoms. See Aled Rhys William (1960)
814:
Llywelyn had now established himself as the leader of the independent princes of Wales, and in December 1215, led an army which included all the lesser princes to capture the castles of
293:, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King
2198:
Giraldus says that Llywelyn was only twelve years of age at this time, which would mean that he was born about 1176. However, most historians consider that he was born about 1173
1346:
in 1244. This left the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd himself died with illegitimate and underage issue in 1246 and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Gruffydd's son,
1204:. In both cases, favouring legitimate children born in a Church sanctioned marriage would facilitate better relations between their sons and the wider Anglo-Norman polity and
803:, Llywelyn was rewarded with several favourable provisions relating to Wales, including the release of his son, Gruffydd, who had been a hostage since 1211. The same year,
590:). Llywelyn was probably not in fact master of all Gwynedd at this time since it was his cousin Gruffudd ap Cynan who promised homage to King John for Gwynedd in 1199.
574:, and heavily defeated. Gwenwynwyn's defeat gave Llywelyn the opportunity to establish himself as the leader of the Welsh. In 1199, he captured the important castle of
3449:
2325:
603:
4244:
1358:
Llywelyn dominated Wales for more than 40 years and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called "the Great", the other being his ancestor Rhodri the Great (
4439:
858:
once more. Gwenwynwyn died in England later that year, leaving an underage heir. King John also died that year, and he also left an underage heir in King
1253:
to rule. His performance this time was apparently more satisfactory and by 1238 he had been given the remainder of Llŷn and a substantial part of Powys.
946:
720:
289:
During Llywelyn's childhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather,
1004:
are among the best examples. Llywelyn also appears to have fostered the development of quasi-urban settlements in Gwynedd to act as centres of trade.
473:
In his account of his journey around Wales in 1188, Gerald mentions that the young Llywelyn was already in arms against his uncles Dafydd and Rhodri:
834:. Another indication of his growing power was that he was able to insist on the consecration of Welshmen to two vacant sees that year, Iorwerth, as
314:
but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign
712:
571:
563:
437:, and Llywelyn may have spent part of his childhood there. There is in existence a grant of land from Llywelyn ab Iorwerth to the monastery of
4149:
4124:
4102:
4083:
4064:
4042:
3969:
3946:
3860:
3124:
3024:
2876:
1425:
1393:, had been merely personal in nature, and there was no institutional framework to maintain it either during his lifetime or after his death".
1167:
1008:
4429:
4424:
1501:
950:
4419:
2154:, owned by Llywelyn and mistakenly killed by him, is also considered to be fiction. "Gelert's grave" is a popular tourist attraction in
410:. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to
4211:
623:
return, it confirmed Llywelyn's possession of his conquests and allowed cases relating to lands claimed by Llywelyn to be heard under
498:
494:
3917:
2139:(1960–1963) "The Heaven Tree Trilogy" features Llywelyn, Joan, William de Braose, and several of Llywelyn's sons as major characters.
715:, who had fallen out with the king and had been deprived of his lands. While John led a campaign against de Braose and his allies in
4195:. Genealogical Publishing Com. pp. 27, 29A–27, 29A–28, 132C–29, 176B–27, 177, 184A–9, 236–237, 246–30, 254–28, 254–29, 260–31.
4178:
3927:
3799:
2521:
2127:(2003) by the same author features the young Llywelyn before he gained power in Gwynedd. Llywelyn further appears in Penman's novel
1447:
968:
Llywelyn was careful not to provoke unnecessary hostilities with the crown or the Marcher lords; for example, in 1220, he compelled
661:
in October and then arrested him and stripped him of his lands. Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys and northern
651:
3881:
3823:
1539:
703:
c. 1217. Yellow: areas directly ruled by Llywelyn; Grey: areas ruled by Llywelyn's client princes; Green: Anglo-Norman lordships.
377:, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor.
54:
2268:
the eldest son of the lord and entitled to inheirit the position and title as "head of the family" from the father. Effectively
2364:
2347:
2158:
but is thought to have been created by an 18th century innkeeper to boost the tourist trade. The tale itself is a variation on
4255:
4200:
3787:
3257:
2478:
1515:
1429:
1362:). The first person to give Llywelyn the title "the Great" seems to have been his near contemporary, the English chronicler
1324:
3838:
3699:
3624:
3511:
2089:
1215:
In 1220, Llywelyn induced the minority government of King Henry to acknowledge Dafydd as his heir. In 1222, he petitioned
1077:
1063:
926:
4409:
2159:
929:, and sometimes with the king. Llywelyn built up marriage alliances with several of the Marcher families. One daughter,
889:
where Reginald de Braose met him to offer submission and to surrender the town. He then continued westwards to threaten
1162:
Negotiations continued into 1232 when Hubert was removed from office and later imprisoned. Much of his power passed to
4414:
4286:
1550:
853:
to adjudicate on the territorial claims of the lesser princes, who affirmed their homage and allegiance to Llywelyn.
4233:
2286:
or heir by the ruler, for the succession which created a family struggle. For a discussion of this, see Stephenson.
297:
that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter
4281:
1418:
550:. After Rhys died in 1197, fighting between his sons led to the splitting of Deheubarth between warring factions.
4371:
4344:
4141:
3843:
3704:
3629:
3516:
1685:
1209:
958:
283:
170:
67:
31:
881:, was induced by the English crown to change sides. Llywelyn responded by invading his lands, first threatening
2186:
937:
of Brecon and Abergavenny, but with Reginald an unreliable ally Llywelyn married another daughter, Marared, to
893:
where the burgesses offered hostages for their submission to his rule or the payment of a fine of 1,000 marks.
566:. Llywelyn sent troops to help Gwenwynwyn, but in August Gwenwynwyn's force was attacked by an army led by the
514:
3817:
957:
in about 1222. Following Reginald de Braose's death in 1228, Llywelyn also made an alliance with the powerful
388:
3112:
2376:
2368:
1563:
647:
403:
399:
279:
188:
85:
630:
Llywelyn made his first move beyond the borders of Gwynedd in August 1202 when he raised a force to attack
4434:
4381:
1797:
1275:
180:
1166:, including control of several castles in south Wales. William Marshal had died in 1231, and his brother
1093:
Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May, de Braose was hanged; Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The
4399:
4287:
A stone corbel from Llywelyn's castle at Deganwy, thought to be a likeness of Llywelyn Fawr, ab Iorwerth
2984:
2409:
2097:
2062:
1465:
407:
2642:
2427:
1027:, but agreed to abandon the attack on payment of £100. In early 1223, Llywelyn crossed the border into
4135:
3891:
1576:
ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.
811:
and was to work closely with Llywelyn (also known as Leolinus Magnus) for the remainder of his reign.
4404:
4188:
2435:
2413:
2380:
2351:
2338:
2070:
1808:
1390:
1347:
1221:
1048:
859:
839:
728:
326:
1567:
771:, who had been engaged in a dispute with John for several years and had placed his kingdom under an
350:
2980:
2177:
According to one genealogy, Llywelyn had a brother named Adda, but there is no other record of him.
1573:
1497:
1461:
1197:
954:
835:
788:
639:
614:
Gruffudd ap Cynan died in 1200 and left Llywelyn the undisputed ruler of Gwynedd. In 1201, he took
502:
298:
196:
175:
150:
3875:
2372:
1342:
now had the option of using him against Dafydd. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the
1055:
without opposition. The Marshals' campaign was supported by a royal army which took possession of
4354:
4300:
3443:
2439:
2343:
2317:
2103:
Llywelyn is the main character or one of the main characters in several English-language novels:
2092:
in Joan's chamber and his execution by Llywelyn. Another well-known Welsh play about Llywelyn is
1934:
1923:
1838:
1823:
1696:
1485:
1481:
1230:
1193:
1156:
1036:
997:
934:
913:
866:
823:
666:
559:
558:, tried to take over as leader of the Welsh princes, and in 1198, raised a great army to besiege
374:
354:
339:
211:
165:
95:
58:
4013:
4196:
4174:
4145:
4120:
4098:
4079:
4060:
4038:
4028:
3988:
3975:
3965:
3942:
3923:
3856:
3795:
3253:
3120:
3020:
3012:
2872:
2619:
2517:
2474:
2321:
2208:
2129:
2114:
1586:
1369:
1284:
1250:
1216:
1128:
1095:
1056:
962:
854:
768:
738:
708:
643:
619:
482:
466:
422:
384:
362:
221:
157:
4308:
4000:
2509:
2397:
1279:
993:
985:
905:
843:
831:
784:
751:
724:
670:
539:
462:
325:
Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor,
2438:, who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and
1192:
In his later years, Llywelyn devoted much effort to ensuring that his only legitimate son,
4337:
4155:
3816:
3285:
2405:
2393:
2119:
2111:
covers the period from King John's invasion in 1211 to the execution of William de Braose.
1956:
1945:
1343:
1308:
1205:
1201:
1163:
1152:
1148:
1024:
1012:
942:
827:
819:
776:
760:
555:
425:, prince of Powys. There is evidence that after Iorwerth's death Marared married into the
415:
329:, in 1218. During the next fifteen years, Llywelyn was frequently involved in fights with
294:
139:
128:
48:
4032:
3776:
3870:
3571:
2401:
2346:
was her maternal grandmother and that Susanna was the daughter of Llywelyn who married
2136:
2085:
2077:) have survived. Very little of this poetry has been published in English translation.
2066:
1511:
1469:
1300:, died having taken on the habit of religion at Aberconwy, and was buried honourably."
1001:
989:
938:
922:
804:
583:
270:
261:
245:
3958:
885:, where the burgesses offered hostages for the payment of 100 marks, then heading for
795:, then allied himself with the barons who were in rebellion against John, marching on
4393:
4112:
4052:
3904:
3718:
3431:
2269:
2261:
2044:
1363:
1293:
1176:
1040:
1020:
1016:
890:
747:
535:
530:
510:
442:
438:
426:
395:, in 1174 during the wars deciding the succession following the death of his father.
366:
330:
290:
3506:
3781:
3290:
2647:
2513:
2305:
2189:
was Iorwerth's full brother, but presumably he was dead by the time Giraldus wrote.
2081:
1316:
1208:
by removing any "stigma" of illegitimacy. Dafydd's older but illegitimate brother,
1144:
918:
458:
3833:
3694:
3619:
2211:
the late 11th and early 12th century king of Gwynedd, Llywelyn's great-grandfather
1525:, possibly identical with Susanna (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295).
546:
the strongest of the Welsh kingdoms, and had established himself as the leader of
406:
held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to
1039:
castles. The Marshals took advantage of Llywelyn's involvement here to land near
711:
suggests that the rupture may have been due to Llywelyn forming an alliance with
369:, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. He was probably born at
286:
in 1195. By a combination of war and diplomacy, he dominated Wales for 45 years.
2245:
A history of Wales 2004 reprint, also look up, pp. 347, 369 and note 64, 82, 164
1589:
descendants from his birth in the late 12th century until the end of the family
1522:
1491:
1407:
1359:
1304:
1241:
1108:
1081:
977:
930:
878:
874:
800:
575:
478:
430:
421:
Llywelyn's mother was Marared, occasionally anglicised to Margaret, daughter of
370:
315:
311:
116:
453:
4364:
4004:
3989:"The Welsh Wife of Malcolm, Earl of Fife (d. 1266): An Alternative Suggestion"
3979:
3874:
3812:
3766:
2976:
2504:
Brough, Gideon; Marsden, Richard (2011). "Llywelyn the Great (c. 1173–1240)".
2155:
1172:
1136:
1132:
1052:
1028:
901:
815:
796:
662:
658:
631:
607:
579:
551:
543:
434:
302:
30:"Llywelyn Fawr" redirects here. For the 13th-century Lord of Meirionnydd, see
4193:
Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700
2235:
Llyfr Iorwerth: a critical text of the Venedotian code of mediaeval Welsh law
1179:. This truce was renewed year by year for the remainder of Llywelyn's reign.
642:, the natural daughter of King John. He had previously been negotiating with
17:
4159:
2426:(c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of
2061:
A number of Welsh poems addressed to Llywelyn by contemporary poets such as
1261:
1067:
1032:
969:
808:
772:
764:
743:
624:
615:
567:
411:
4168:
1311:, which he had founded and was buried there. This abbey was later moved to
1155:. King Henry retaliated by launching an invasion and built a new castle at
696:
318:
in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at
2454:
by Llywarch ap Llywelyn has been translated by Joseph P. Clancy (1970) in
799:
and capturing it without resistance in 1215. When John was forced to sign
685:
357:
was built by Llywelyn; the old castle nearby may have been his birthplace.
4037:. Vol. II (Reprint Vol. 2 of 2 ed.). Longmans, Green & Co.
2431:
1320:
1297:
1266:
1237:
850:
674:
657:
In 1208, Gwenwynwyn of Powys fell out with King John who summoned him to
582:
and was apparently using the title "prince of the whole of North Wales" (
319:
2342:
infant, at the time. It has been suggested that this Clemence, wife of
2254:
According to Hubert Lewis, though not explicitly codified as such, the
1590:
1546:
1432: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1245:
1072:
1044:
973:
886:
732:
716:
669:. In the summer of 1209 he accompanied John on a campaign against King
518:
206:
3792:
Giraldus Cambrensis: The Itinerary through Wales; Description of Wales
3250:
A history of Wales: from the Norman invasion to the Edwardian conquest
2080:
Llywelyn has continued to figure in modern Welsh literature. The play
381:
was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power.
4034:
A History of Wales, from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest
2256:
2151:
1312:
1225:
1140:
882:
870:
792:
486:
398:
By 1175, Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles.
1260:
981:
900:
700:
690:
684:
602:
452:
392:
349:
335:
306:
3896:(Reprint ed.). London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts.
707:
In 1210, relations between Llywelyn and King John deteriorated.
2282:
There was provision in Welsh law for the selection of a single
1401:
441:, in which Llywelyn indicates his mother was a member of the
4117:
The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307 (Oxford History of England)
3827:. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 7–13.
3738:
Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th ed., 3 vol
3641:
3639:
1510:
Marared (Margaret) ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married
877:, who had been allied to Llywelyn and married his daughter,
3885:. Vol. 16. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 831.
3252:(Reprint ed.). Barnes & Noble. pp. 297, 362.
2871:(1st ed.). Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. p. 62.
1327:. Among the poets who lamented his passing was Einion Wan:
517:, persuaded Llywelyn to release him, and Dafydd retired to
3919:
Henry III: The Rise to Power and Personal Rule, 1207–1258
731:, invaded Gwynedd. Llywelyn destroyed his own castle at
373:
the royal manor of Nantconwy, though not in the present
4220:
Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, XX (1962–1964)
3553:
3551:
3414:
3412:
2485:
for a detailed discussion of the Beddelgert dog legend.
2350:
in 1230, and was the mother of his children, including
1200:
as his heir over those of his illegitimate eldest son,
638:
Llywelyn consolidated his position in 1205 by marrying
3620:"BRAOSE BREOS, BRAUSE, BRIOUSE, BREWES, etc.) family."
3590:
3588:
2146:
tells the story of the early part of Llywelyn's reign.
278:, was a medieval Welsh ruler. He succeeded his uncle,
338:
until his death in 1240 and was succeeded by his son
4119:(Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2442:
who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death;
1062:
In 1228, Llywelyn was engaged in a campaign against
750:
was burnt by a detachment of the royal army and the
465:
were traditionally first used by Llywelyn's father,
2207:This Gruffudd ap Cynan should not be confused with
1566:(c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married
1335:
Lord of nought but the piled up stones of his tomb,
912:Following King John's death Llywelyn concluded the
610:
of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, used on official documents
322:that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
227:
217:
205:
156:
146:
134:
122:
105:
101:
91:
81:
73:
66:
41:
3957:
3019:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 19.
2109:Song for a Prince: The Story of Llywelyn the Great
1507:Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228);
1389:remained unfulfilled. His supremacy, like that of
897:Treaty of Worcester and border campaigns 1218–1229
481:, had many sons, but only one legitimate, namely,
3893:Brut y Tywysogion or The Chronicle of the Princes
3695:"LACY (DE) – lords of Ewyas, Weobley and Ludlow."
3507:"JOAN (SIWAN) (died 1237), princess and diplomat"
2123:is centred on the marriage of Llywelyn and Joan.
1323:, and Llywelyn's stone coffin can now be seen in
1122:Final campaigns and the Peace of Middle 1231–1240
767:, and rose against John. They had the support of
4076:The Welsh Kings: Warriors, Warlords, and Princes
3119:(Reprint ed.). Penguin Books. p. 142.
908:is one of a number of castles built by Llywelyn.
4057:Gwynedd (A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales)
4016:Caernarvonshire Historical Society Transactions
3773:. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.
2473:. Friends of St Mary's Church. pp. 56–74.
1329:
961:when Gwladus Ddu married as her second husband
475:
2624:The Dictionary of Welsh Biography Down to 1940
1331:True lord of the land – how strange that today
1159:, but was unable to penetrate far into Wales.
1143:before turning west to capture the castles of
945:, Reginald's nephew. He found a loyal ally in
862:with a minority government set up in England.
27:Prince of Gwynedd and de facto Prince of Wales
4274:(First ed.). University of Wales Press.
3740:. Delaware: Genealogical books. p. 4183.
3326:
3324:
3322:
2326:Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore
933:("Gwladus the Dark"), was already married to
387:states that Iorwerth was killed in battle at
8:
538:. Since the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170,
528:, the areas ruled by the Welsh princes, and
3960:The age of conquest : Wales, 1063–1415
2643:The historical works of Giraldus Cambrensis
2471:Beddgelert: Its Facts, Fairies and Folklore
2229:The version of the Welsh laws preserved in
1514:in 1219, and had issue. Secondly (c. 1232)
1372:gave the following assessment of Llywelyn:
1151:. He completed the campaign by recapturing
1011:in 1220. Llywelyn destroyed the castles of
4291:
3769:; Ellis, Henry; et al., eds. (1830).
3448:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3391:
3313:
2383:and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan).
1107:A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife,
947:Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
721:Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
402:held the area east of the River Conwy and
38:
3187:
2986:The Heraldic Visitation of Wales, Vol. I,
1448:Learn how and when to remove this message
1337:Of the seven-foot grave in which he lies.
361:Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of
3606:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3403:
3367:
3301:
3163:
2999:
2951:
2927:
2903:
2854:
2830:
2717:
2715:
2637:
2635:
2633:
1585:The family tree of Llywelyn the Great's
1114:Until 1230, Llywelyn had used the title
1084:, whom he had captured in the fighting.
695:
652:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles
3645:
3594:
3223:
2536:
2496:
2170:
4212:"The Succession to Gwynedd, 1238–1247"
3855:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
3750:
3681:
3669:
3657:
3557:
3542:
3486:
3441:
3331:
3087:
3051:
2891:
2770:
2734:
2706:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
1558:Children whose parentage is uncertain:
713:William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
654:. However, this proposal was dropped.
572:Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex
564:William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
4282:Impression from Llywelyn's Great Seal
3474:
3418:
3379:
3343:
3272:
3235:
3211:
3199:
3175:
3151:
3139:
3099:
3075:
3063:
3039:
3017:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales
2963:
2939:
2915:
2842:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2782:
2758:
2746:
2722:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2606:
2594:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2324:, with whom she had 3 sons including
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1749:
1707:
1694:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1653:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:of Gwynedd in the late 14th century:
1009:William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
493:In 1194, with the aid of his cousins
269:
244:
7:
3987:Hurlock, Kathryn (28 October 2009).
3462:
3355:
2084:(1956, English translation 1960) by
1502:John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
1430:adding citations to reliable sources
1380:David Moore gives a different view:
1224:where the other Welsh princes swore
951:John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
849:In 1216, Llywelyn held a council at
414:prohibited marriage. The chronicler
4078:(3rd ed.). Tempus Publishing.
3964:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3853:The Acts of Welsh Rulers, 1120–1283
3438:. Vol. 5. London. p. 718.
1521:Elen (the younger) ferch Llywelyn,
4440:People from Llanfihangel-y-Pennant
2404:, who was the mother of the first
2266:by convention, custom and practice
1265:Llywelyn's stone coffin is now in
562:, which was held by the troops of
505:at the mouth of the River Conwy.
25:
4250:from the original on 13 May 2021.
2452:In praise of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
2073:(better known under the nickname
542:had made the southern kingdom of
477:Owen, son of Gruffyth, prince of
3882:Dictionary of National Biography
3824:Dictionary of National Biography
3723:Welsh Genealogies, A.D. 300–1400
2150:The story of the faithful hound
1542:, became a hostage of King John;
1540:Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
1406:
1384:"When Llywelyn died in 1240 his
1288:records that in 1240, "the lord
1043:in April with an army raised in
689:Statue of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth,
301:in 1205, and when John arrested
256:– 11 April 1240), also known as
47:
3909:Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts
3530:
2626:. Blackwell Group. p. 417.
1417:needs additional citations for
1257:Death and the transfer of power
1188:Arrangements for the succession
53:Llywelyn (left) with his sons,
4173:. Conwy: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch.
4095:The Welsh Wars of Independence
3993:The Scottish Historical Review
3572:"The Medieval Mortimer Family"
2514:10.1002/9781444338232.wbeow367
953:, married Llywelyn's daughter
681:Setback and recovery 1210–1217
1:
3839:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3832:Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959).
3700:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3625:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
3512:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
2392:Elen and Domhall's daughter,
927:Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent
646:for leave to marry his uncle
632:Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog
521:, where he died in May 1203.
250:
109:
4216:archaeologydataservice.ac.uk
3911:. University of Wales Press.
3818:"Llywelyn ab Iorwerth"
3777:Monasticon Anglicanum (1846)
3725:. University of Wales Press.
2375:, and secondly (after 1266)
2365:Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
2348:Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife
1504:and (2) Robert II de Quincy;
501:, he defeated Dafydd at the
246:[ɬəˈwɛlɪnabˈjɔrwɛrθ]
4430:13th-century Welsh monarchs
4425:12th-century Welsh monarchs
3434:(1880). H. R. Luard (ed.).
1551:Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath
1545:Gwenllian, married William
1325:St Grwst's Church, Llanrwst
1007:Hostilities broke out with
779:within two months in 1212.
4456:
4420:Burials at Aberconwy Abbey
4134:Stephenson, David (1984).
3248:John Edward Lloyd (2004).
2400:and had one child by him,
2088:deals with the finding of
1530:Children by Tangwystl Goch
1333:He rules not o'er Gwynedd;
1292:, Prince of Wales, son of
594:Reign as Prince of Gwynedd
29:
4378:
4372:Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn
4369:
4361:
4351:
4342:
4334:
4329:
4294:
4142:University of Wales Press
4137:The Governance of Gwynedd
4059:. The Stationery Office.
4012:Jones-Pierce, T. (1962).
4005:10.3366/e0036924109000900
3922:. Yale University Press.
3916:Carpenter, David (2020).
3844:National Library of Wales
3806:Translated by R. C. Hoare
3705:National Library of Wales
3630:National Library of Wales
3517:National Library of Wales
3489:, pp. 83, 86, 89–91.
3286:The Ancient Laws of Wales
2456:The earliest Welsh poetry
2003:
2001:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1861:
1859:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1500:(1207–1253), married (1)
959:Roger Mortimer of Wigmore
949:, whose nephew and heir,
588:tocius norwallie princeps
46:
32:Llywelyn Fawr ap Maredudd
4210:Williams, G. A. (1964).
4170:Twenty-One Welsh Princes
3851:Pryce, Huw, ed. (2005).
3736:Mosley, Charles (2003).
3078:, pp. 645, 657–658.
2187:Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
515:Archbishop of Canterbury
4074:Maund, Kari L. (2006).
3890:Williams, John (1860).
2506:The Encyclopedia of War
2377:Domhnall I, Earl of Mar
2160:a common folktale motif
2142:Gaius Demetrius (2006)
1564:Angharad ferch Llywelyn
1484:(c. 1212–1246) married
1099:chronicler commented:
599:Consolidation 1200–1209
524:Wales was divided into
449:Rise to power 1188–1199
280:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
271:[ɬəˈwɛlɪnvaʊ̯r]
189:Angharad ferch Llywelyn
86:Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd
4382:Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn
4256:"Llywelyn ab Iorwerth"
4167:Turvey, Roger (2010).
3956:Davies, R. R. (1992).
3834:"LLYWELYN ap IORWERTH"
3794:. Everyman's Library.
2469:D. E. Jenkins (1899).
2434:. Their sons included
2369:Duncan Macduff of Fife
2107:Raymond Foxall (1959)
1798:Owain Goch ap Gruffydd
1516:Walter III de Clifford
1464:, natural daughter of
1395:
1378:
1339:
1270:
1236:Gruffydd was given an
909:
704:
693:
611:
587:
491:
470:
463:royal house of Gwynedd
358:
265:
193:Susanna ferch Llywelyn
185:Marared ferch Llywelyn
4296:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
4189:Weis, Frederick Lewis
4097:. Tempus Publishing.
4093:Moore, David (2005).
3898:Caradoc of Llancarfan
3771:Monasticon Anglicanum
2867:Gater, Dilys (1991).
2410:Robert II of Scotland
2063:Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr
1466:John, King of England
1382:
1374:
1354:Historical assessment
1303:Llywelyn died at the
1264:
1088:Marital problems 1230
904:
699:
688:
606:
456:
408:Cristin verch Goronwy
353:
4306:Cadet branch of the
4234:"Llywelyn the Great"
4053:Lynch, Frances M. B.
3937:Carr, A. D. (1995).
2869:The Battles of Wales
2773:, pp. 229, 241.
2436:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
2381:William, Earl of Mar
2363:She married firstly
2352:Colban, Earl of Fife
2339:Henry III of England
2295:Translated by Lloyd
2071:Llywarch ap Llywelyn
1809:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1686:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
1426:improve this article
1391:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
1348:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1290:Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
1282:. The chronicler of
1222:Strata Florida Abbey
1019:, burnt the town of
840:Cadwgan of Llandyfai
809:seneschal of Gwynedd
729:Bishop of Winchester
365:and the grandson of
238:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
197:Tegwared ap Llywelyn
171:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
42:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
4410:Monarchs of Gwynedd
4268:"Brut y Tywysogion"
3941:. Macmillan Press.
3648:, pp. 352–355.
3370:, pp. 182–183.
3346:, pp. 414–415.
3316:, pp. 138–141.
3304:, pp. 393–413.
3214:, pp. 675–676.
3202:, pp. 673–675.
3190:, pp. 232–233.
3178:, pp. 428–429.
3166:, pp. 190–191.
3154:, pp. 667–670.
3142:, pp. 661–663.
3066:, pp. 652–653.
3042:, pp. 649–651.
2981:Samuel Rush Meyrick
2942:, pp. 112–113.
2906:, pp. 158–159.
2857:, pp. 155–156.
2785:, pp. 622–623.
2761:, pp. 616–617.
2749:, pp. 613–614.
2697:, pp. 585–586.
2673:, pp. 497–498.
1574:Tegwared y Bais Wen
1498:Elen ferch Llywelyn
1198:Gruffydd ap Rhys II
1183:Death and aftermath
1082:Lord of Abergavenny
955:Elen ferch Llywelyn
921:, particularly the
914:Treaty of Worcester
836:Bishop of St Davids
650:widow, daughter of
640:Joan, Lady of Wales
536:Anglo-Norman barons
503:Battle of Aberconwy
231:Marared ferch Madog
176:Elen ferch Llywelyn
151:Joan, Lady of Wales
4415:House of Aberffraw
4355:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
4301:House of Aberffraw
4029:Lloyd, John Edward
3684:, pp. 83, 86.
3672:, pp. 83, 85.
3545:, pp. 86, 90.
3117:A History of Wales
3013:Smith, J. Beverley
2440:Dafydd ap Gruffydd
2344:Nicholas of Verdun
2318:Reginald de Braose
2144:Ascent of an Eagle
2057:Cultural allusions
1935:Llywelyn ap Dafydd
1924:Gwenllian of Wales
1839:Rhodri ap Gruffudd
1824:Dafydd ap Gruffydd
1697:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
1486:Isabella de Braose
1482:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
1271:
1231:Isabella de Braose
1116:princeps Norwalliæ
935:Reginald de Braose
910:
867:Reginald de Braose
789:Philip II Augustus
705:
694:
667:Aberystwyth Castle
612:
471:
375:Dolwyddelan Castle
359:
355:Dolwyddelan Castle
340:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
258:Llywelyn the Great
166:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
96:Dafydd ap Llywelyn
4388:
4387:
4379:Succeeded by
4352:Succeeded by
4151:978-0-7083-0850-9
4126:978-0-19-821708-4
4104:978-0-7524-3321-9
4085:978-0-7524-2973-1
4066:978-0-11-701574-6
4044:978-1-334-06136-3
3971:978-0-19-167814-1
3948:978-0-333-54773-1
3905:Bartrum, Peter C.
3862:978-0-7083-1897-3
3719:Bartrum, Peter C.
3581:. pp. 15–16.
3226:, pp. 51–55.
3126:978-0-140-14581-6
3026:978-0-7083-1474-6
2878:978-0-86381-178-4
2539:, pp. 95–96.
2428:Caradoc ap Thomas
2328:, and a daughter;
2322:Ralph de Mortimer
2209:Gruffudd ap Cynan
2115:Sharon Kay Penman
2090:William de Braose
2054:
2053:
1476:Children by Joan:
1460:Llywelyn married
1458:
1457:
1450:
1370:John Edward Lloyd
1285:Brut y Tywysogion
1278:and held them in
1217:Pope Honorius III
1129:Montgomery, Powys
1096:Brut y Tywysogion
1078:William de Braose
984:; his castles at
963:Ralph de Mortimer
855:J. Beverley Smith
769:Pope Innocent III
739:Brut y Tywysogion
719:, an army led by
709:John Edward Lloyd
644:Pope Innocent III
499:Maredudd ap Cynan
495:Gruffudd ap Cynan
483:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
467:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
423:Madog ap Maredudd
389:Pennant Melangell
385:John Edward Lloyd
363:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
274:), anglicised as
235:
234:
222:Iorwerth Drwyndwn
16:(Redirected from
4447:
4362:Preceded by
4335:Preceded by
4325:
4318:
4309:House of Gwynedd
4292:
4278:
4263:
4251:
4249:
4238:
4222:
4206:
4184:
4163:
4130:
4113:Powicke, Maurice
4108:
4089:
4070:
4048:
4024:
4022:Aber Gwyn Gregin
4020:. Vol. 23.
4008:
3983:
3963:
3952:
3933:
3912:
3900:
3886:
3878:
3876:"Llewelyn"
3866:
3847:
3828:
3820:
3808:
3774:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3503:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3439:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3328:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2639:
2628:
2627:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2579:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2501:
2486:
2484:
2465:
2459:
2449:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2398:Robert the Bruce
2390:
2384:
2361:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2316:She married (1)
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2274:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2130:Falls the Shadow
1596:
1595:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1410:
1402:
1280:Criccieth Castle
844:Bishop of Bangor
785:William the Lion
752:Bishop of Bangor
725:Peter des Roches
671:William the Lion
540:Rhys ap Gruffydd
273:
255:
252:
248:
243:
114:
111:
51:
39:
21:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4375:
4367:
4357:
4348:
4345:King of Gwynedd
4340:
4338:Dafydd ap Owain
4319:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4297:
4276:Peniarth MS. 20
4266:
4254:
4247:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4209:
4203:
4187:
4181:
4166:
4152:
4133:
4127:
4111:
4105:
4092:
4086:
4073:
4067:
4051:
4045:
4027:
4011:
3986:
3972:
3955:
3949:
3936:
3930:
3915:
3903:
3889:
3871:Stephen, Leslie
3869:
3863:
3850:
3831:
3811:
3802:
3786:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3637:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3586:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3524:
3505:
3504:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3440:
3436:Chronica Majora
3430:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3394:, p. xxii.
3392:Stephenson 1984
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3314:Stephenson 1984
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2640:
2631:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2450:
2446:
2425:
2421:
2414:Kathryn Hurlock
2406:Stewart monarch
2394:Isabella of Mar
2391:
2387:
2362:
2358:
2336:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2120:Here Be Dragons
2059:
2047:
1960:
1957:Tomas ap Rhodri
1949:
1946:Owain ap Dafydd
1938:
1927:
1842:
1827:
1812:
1801:
1700:
1689:
1583:
1534:(died c. 1198):
1523:Countess of Mar
1454:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1423:
1411:
1400:
1356:
1344:Tower of London
1336:
1334:
1332:
1315:, becoming the
1259:
1206:Catholic Church
1202:Maelgwn ap Rhys
1190:
1185:
1164:Peter de Rivaux
1153:Cardigan Castle
1124:
1090:
1064:Hubert de Burgh
1047:and recaptured
1025:Pembroke Castle
1023:and threatened
972:to return four
899:
761:Maelgwn ap Rhys
683:
601:
596:
556:Powys Wenwynwyn
534:, ruled by the
451:
443:house of Corbet
416:Gerald of Wales
404:Rhodri ab Owain
400:Dafydd ab Owain
348:
295:John of England
284:King of Gwynedd
276:Leolinus Magnus
253:
241:
201:
142:
140:Aberconwy Abbey
129:Aberconwy Abbey
127:
115:
112:
68:King of Gwynedd
62:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4453:
4451:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4377:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4350:
4341:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4330:Regnal titles
4327:
4326:
4305:
4298:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4264:
4252:
4241:cadw.gov.wales
4228:
4227:External links
4225:
4224:
4223:
4207:
4201:
4185:
4179:
4164:
4150:
4131:
4125:
4109:
4103:
4090:
4084:
4071:
4065:
4049:
4043:
4025:
4009:
3999:(2): 352–355.
3984:
3970:
3953:
3947:
3939:Medieval Wales
3934:
3928:
3913:
3907:, ed. (1966).
3901:
3887:
3873:, ed. (1888).
3867:
3861:
3848:
3829:
3815:, ed. (1893).
3809:
3800:
3788:Hoare, Richard
3784:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3743:
3728:
3710:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3635:
3611:
3609:, p. 305.
3599:
3584:
3579:mortimer.co.uk
3570:Ian Mortimer.
3562:
3547:
3535:
3522:
3491:
3479:
3477:, p. 126.
3467:
3455:
3432:Paris, Matthew
3423:
3421:, p. 693.
3408:
3406:, p. 198.
3396:
3384:
3382:, p. 692.
3372:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3334:, p. 249)
3318:
3306:
3294:
3277:
3265:
3258:
3240:
3238:, p. 681.
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3188:Carpenter 2020
3180:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3125:
3104:
3102:, p. 135.
3092:
3090:, p. 298.
3080:
3068:
3056:
3054:, p. 242.
3044:
3032:
3025:
3004:
3002:, p. 167.
2992:
2989:. p. xiv.
2968:
2966:, p. 646.
2956:
2954:, p. 165.
2944:
2932:
2930:, p. 162.
2920:
2918:, p. 445.
2908:
2896:
2894:, p. 295.
2884:
2877:
2859:
2847:
2845:, p. 193.
2835:
2833:, p. 154.
2823:
2821:, p. 192.
2811:
2809:, p. 632.
2799:
2797:, p. 631.
2787:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2737:, p. 294.
2727:
2725:, p. 109)
2711:
2709:, p. 239.
2699:
2687:
2685:, p. 187.
2675:
2663:
2661:, p. 186.
2651:
2629:
2611:
2609:, p. 185.
2599:
2597:, p. 156.
2587:
2541:
2529:
2522:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2479:
2460:
2444:
2419:
2402:Marjorie Bruce
2385:
2356:
2330:
2309:
2297:
2288:
2275:
2273:circumstances.
2247:
2238:
2231:Llyfr Iorwerth
2222:
2213:
2200:
2191:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2137:Edith Pargeter
2134:
2112:
2086:Saunders Lewis
2075:Prydydd y Moch
2067:Dafydd Benfras
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:1300–1325–1363
1953:
1951:
1950:1275–1287–1325
1942:
1940:
1939:1267–1283–1287
1931:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1828:1238–1282–1283
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1813:1223–1246–1282
1805:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1701:1212–1240–1246
1693:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1568:Maelgwn Fychan
1555:
1554:
1543:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1512:John de Braose
1508:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1470:Fulk FitzWarin
1456:
1455:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1355:
1352:
1269:parish church.
1258:
1255:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1123:
1120:
1105:
1104:
1089:
1086:
1002:Castell y Bere
939:John de Braose
923:Marshal family
898:
895:
807:was appointed
805:Ednyfed Fychan
682:
679:
600:
597:
595:
592:
531:Marchia Wallia
450:
447:
347:
344:
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
203:
202:
200:
199:
194:
191:
186:
183:
178:
173:
168:
162:
160:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4452:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Welsh princes
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4366:
4360:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4333:
4328:
4324:11 April 1240
4323:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4302:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4272:library.wales
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4180:9781845272692
4176:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3929:9780300238358
3925:
3921:
3920:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3801:0-460-00272-4
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3753:, p. 13.
3752:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3660:, p. 83.
3659:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3607:Williams 1860
3603:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3560:, p. 86.
3559:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3404:Williams 1860
3400:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:Williams 1860
3364:
3361:
3358:, p. 60.
3357:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:Williams 1860
3298:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:Williams 1860
3160:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3001:
3000:Williams 1860
2996:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:Williams 1860
2948:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2928:Williams 1860
2924:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:Williams 1860
2900:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:Williams 1860
2851:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2831:Williams 1860
2827:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:, p. 403, at
2645:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2523:9781405190374
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2270:primogeniture
2267:
2263:
2262:Heir apparent
2259:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:Dragon's Lair
2122:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:Llywelyn Fawr
2091:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:Owain Lawgoch
2010:
2008:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1912:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1826:
1825:
1811:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1779:
1777:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1725:
1723:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1670:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1452:
1449:
1441:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1415:This section
1413:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1364:Matthew Paris
1361:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:Owain Gwynedd
1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:and captured
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:Haverfordwest
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:marcher lords
915:
907:
903:
896:
894:
892:
891:Haverfordwest
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
756:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:
736:according to
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
702:
698:
692:
687:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
633:
628:
626:
621:
617:
609:
605:
598:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
511:Hubert Walter
506:
504:
500:
496:
490:
488:
487:cousin-german
484:
480:
474:
468:
464:
460:
455:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:Corbet family
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:Owain Gwynedd
364:
356:
352:
345:
343:
341:
337:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Owain Gwynedd
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
267:
266:Llywelyn Fawr
263:
259:
247:
239:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
208:
204:
198:
195:
192:
190:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:11 April 1240
125:
121:
118:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
60:
57:(centre) and
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
18:Llywelyn Fawr
4400:1170s births
4370:
4343:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4275:
4271:
4259:
4240:
4219:
4215:
4192:
4169:
4136:
4116:
4094:
4075:
4056:
4033:
4021:
4017:
4014:
3996:
3992:
3959:
3938:
3918:
3908:
3897:
3892:
3880:
3852:
3837:
3822:
3805:
3791:
3782:Google Books
3775:
3770:
3746:
3737:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3698:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3646:Hurlock 2009
3623:
3614:
3602:
3595:Hurlock 2009
3578:
3565:
3538:
3525:
3510:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3435:
3426:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3309:
3297:
3291:Google Books
3284:
3280:
3268:
3249:
3243:
3231:
3224:Powicke 1962
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3116:
3113:Davies, John
3107:
3095:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3016:
3007:
2995:
2985:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2868:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2730:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2648:Google Books
2641:
2623:
2620:Lloyd, J. E.
2614:
2602:
2590:
2537:Bartrum 1966
2532:
2505:
2499:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2422:
2388:
2373:Alice Corbet
2359:
2333:
2312:
2306:Rolls Series
2300:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2241:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2216:
2203:
2194:
2182:
2173:
2149:
2143:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2098:Thomas Parry
2093:
2079:
2074:
2060:
1955:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1837:
1822:
1807:
1796:
1695:
1684:
1615:
1584:
1557:
1556:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1494:(1206–1251);
1475:
1474:
1459:
1444:
1438:October 2023
1435:
1424:Please help
1419:verification
1416:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1357:
1340:
1330:
1317:Maenan Abbey
1302:
1289:
1283:
1272:
1235:
1214:
1191:
1161:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1094:
1091:
1061:
1006:
967:
911:
864:
848:
813:
781:
759:Deheubarth,
757:
737:
706:
665:and rebuild
656:
637:
629:
613:
554:, prince of
547:
529:
525:
523:
507:
492:
476:
472:
420:
397:
383:
379:
360:
324:
288:
275:
257:
237:
236:
36:
4405:1240 deaths
4218:: 393–413.
3813:Lee, Sidney
3767:Caley, John
3751:Turvey 2010
3682:Turvey 2010
3670:Turvey 2010
3658:Turvey 2010
3558:Turvey 2010
3543:Turvey 2010
3487:Turvey 2010
3332:Davies 1992
3088:Davies 1992
3052:Davies 1992
2977:Dwnn, Lewys
2892:Davies 1992
2771:Davies 1992
2735:Davies 1992
2707:Davies 1992
2583:Pierce 1959
2304:Quote from
1581:Family tree
1492:Gwladus Ddu
1386:principatus
1360:Rhodri Mawr
1305:Cistercians
1296:, a second
1242:Meirionnydd
1157:Painscastle
1109:Eva Marshal
1037:Whittington
998:Dolwyddelan
978:South Wales
931:Gwladus Ddu
879:Gwladus Ddu
875:Abergavenny
824:Llanstephan
801:Magna Carta
560:Painscastle
548:Pura Wallia
526:Pura Wallia
479:North Wales
371:Dolwyddelan
316:Magna Carta
312:River Conwy
254: 1173
181:Gwladus Ddu
117:Dolwyddelan
113: 1173
82:Predecessor
4394:Categories
4376:1216–1240
4365:Gwenwynwyn
4349:1195–1240
4202:0806313676
3980:1301799492
3475:Moore 2005
3419:Lloyd 1911
3380:Lloyd 1911
3344:Pryce 2005
3273:Lloyd 1911
3259:0760752419
3236:Lloyd 1911
3212:Lloyd 1911
3200:Lloyd 1911
3176:Pryce 2005
3152:Lloyd 1911
3140:Lloyd 1911
3100:Lynch 1995
3076:Lloyd 1911
3064:Lloyd 1911
3040:Lloyd 1911
2964:Lloyd 1911
2940:Moore 2005
2916:Pryce 2005
2843:Maund 2006
2819:Maund 2006
2807:Lloyd 1911
2795:Lloyd 1911
2783:Lloyd 1911
2759:Lloyd 1911
2747:Lloyd 1911
2723:Moore 2005
2695:Lloyd 1911
2683:Maund 2006
2671:Caley 1830
2659:Maund 2006
2607:Maund 2006
2595:Lynch 1995
2492:References
2480:0953515214
2396:, married
2156:Beddgelert
2117:'s (1985)
1173:Shrewsbury
1133:New Radnor
1066:, who was
1057:Montgomery
1053:Carmarthen
1041:St David's
1029:Shropshire
816:Carmarthen
797:Shrewsbury
663:Ceredigion
659:Shrewsbury
580:Flintshire
552:Gwenwynwyn
544:Deheubarth
435:Shropshire
346:Early life
303:Gwenwynwyn
242:pronounced
4260:bbc.co.uk
4160:22379507M
4115:(1962) .
3463:Carr 1995
3444:cite book
3356:Carr 1995
2371:and wife
2367:, son of
2048:1330–1378
1928:1282–1337
1843:1230–1315
1690:1200–1244
1549:, son of
1309:Aberconwy
1307:abbey of
1068:Justiciar
1033:Kinnerley
994:Dolbadarn
986:Criccieth
970:Rhys Gryg
906:Criccieth
865:In 1217,
860:Henry III
832:Cilgerran
773:interdict
765:Rhys Gryg
744:Snowdonia
625:Welsh law
616:Eifionydd
568:justiciar
412:Canon law
327:Henry III
212:Aberffraw
92:Successor
77:1195–1240
4245:Archived
4191:(1992).
4055:(1995).
4031:(1911).
3790:(1908).
3721:(1974).
3115:(1994).
3015:(1998).
2979:(1846).
2622:(1959).
2432:Anglesey
2379:(son of
2320:and (2)
1616:Llywelyn
1398:Children
1321:Llanrwst
1298:Achilles
1267:Llanrwst
1238:appanage
1210:Gruffydd
1149:Kidwelly
1049:Cardigan
1013:Narberth
974:commotes
851:Aberdyfi
828:Cardigan
820:Kidwelly
777:Rhuddlan
675:Scotland
648:Rhodri's
320:Aberdyfi
55:Gruffudd
4317:c. 1173
3760:Sources
2983:(ed.).
2417:family.
2133:(1988).
1802:d. 1282
1591:dynasty
1547:de Lacy
1319:, near
1246:Ardudwy
1168:Richard
1073:commote
1045:Ireland
990:Deganwy
887:Swansea
733:Deganwy
717:Ireland
519:England
461:of the
439:Wigmore
331:Marcher
61:(right)
4320:
4199:
4177:
4158:
4148:
4123:
4101:
4082:
4063:
4041:
3978:
3968:
3945:
3926:
3859:
3798:
3256:
3123:
3023:
2875:
2520:
2477:
2284:edling
2264:, was
2257:Edling
2152:Gelert
1587:lineal
1313:Maenan
1226:fealty
1194:Dafydd
1177:Builth
1141:Brecon
1139:, and
1017:Wiston
883:Brecon
871:Brecon
838:, and
793:France
748:Bangor
723:, and
228:Mother
218:Father
147:Spouse
135:Burial
59:Dafydd
4322:Died:
4315:Born:
4248:(PDF)
4237:(PDF)
3575:(PDF)
2337:King
2166:Notes
2082:Siwan
1276:Owain
1145:Neath
982:Wales
943:Gower
842:, as
701:Wales
691:Conwy
584:Latin
393:Powys
391:, in
336:Wales
307:Powys
282:, as
262:Welsh
207:House
158:Issue
74:Reign
4197:ISBN
4175:ISBN
4146:ISBN
4121:ISBN
4099:ISBN
4080:ISBN
4061:ISBN
4039:ISBN
3976:OCLC
3966:ISBN
3943:ISBN
3924:ISBN
3857:ISBN
3796:ISBN
3450:link
3254:ISBN
3121:ISBN
3021:ISBN
2873:ISBN
2518:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2467:See
2069:and
1462:Joan
1251:Llŷn
1244:and
1147:and
1051:and
1035:and
1015:and
1000:and
925:and
873:and
830:and
763:and
620:Llŷn
618:and
608:Seal
576:Mold
497:and
459:arms
457:The
431:Caux
299:Joan
123:Died
106:Born
4001:doi
3780:at
3531:Lee
3289:at
2510:doi
2430:of
2260:or
2096:by
1428:by
1240:in
1137:Hay
976:in
941:of
869:of
791:of
433:in
429:of
305:of
4396::
4270:.
4258:.
4243:.
4239:.
4214:.
4156:OL
4154:.
4144:.
4140:.
3997:88
3995:.
3991:.
3974:.
3879:.
3842:.
3836:.
3821:.
3804:.
3703:.
3697:.
3638:^
3628:.
3622:.
3587:^
3577:.
3550:^
3515:.
3509:.
3494:^
3446:}}
3442:{{
3411:^
3321:^
2714:^
2632:^
2544:^
2516:.
2508:.
2408:,
2162:.
2100:.
2065:,
1532:,
1366:.
1350:.
1135:,
1131:,
1080:,
996:,
992:,
988:,
965:.
846:.
826:,
822:,
818:,
746:.
727:,
677:.
673:,
627:.
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