20:
103:. In February 1837, the Locofocos held a mass meeting in City Hall Park (New York City) to protest the rising cost of living. When the assembled crowd learned that flour had been hoarded at warehouses on the Lower East Side, hundreds rushed to the warehouses resulting in the arrest of 53 people. The New York State Assembly blamed the Locofocos for the unrest and opened an investigation into them.
281:
for "fire". Therefore, Marck's name for his product was originally meant in the sense of "self-firing". It appears that Marck's term was quickly genericized to mean any self-igniting match, and it was this usage from which the faction derived its name.
863:
the idea of that song is basically contrasting … the idea of reactionary movements before labor organized really into the unions we have today, reactionary movements of the 19th
Century, with today
195:
said of the
Locofocos: "The new race is stiff, heady, and rebellious; they are fanatics in freedom; they hate tolls, taxes, turnpikes, banks, hierarchies, governors, yea, almost all laws."
1113:
1123:
1103:
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267:
was originally used by John Marck for a self-igniting cigar, which he had patented in April 1834. Marck, an immigrant, invented his name from a combination of the Latin prefix
1138:
1078:
1083:
309:
as a derogatory name for the
Democratic party continued well into the 1850s, even following the dissolution of the Whig Party and the formation of the
1118:
1143:
96:
used such matches to light candles to continue a political meeting after
Tammany men tried to break up the meeting by turning off the gaslights.
646:
619:
255:
to pardon
Mackenzie in 1840. William Lyon Mackenzie later became an American citizen and Locofoco politician before returning to Canada.
1098:
1093:
831:
110:. This assured them that the government would not resume its involvement in banking, which had been a key aim of the faction. In the
804:
779:
436:
305:
meaning "fire". Their meaning then was that the faction and later the entire
Democratic party, was the "focus of folly". The use of
663:
314:
1133:
310:
111:
40:
1088:
277:
had recently entered general public use, and was usually misinterpreted to mean "self", and a misspelling of the
Italian word
1128:
426:
126:
had incorporated many
Locofoco ideas into his economic policy, and because Whigs considered the term to be derogatory.
212:. Mackenzie, an influential newspaper publisher and parliamentarian, became sympathetic to the Locofocs after meeting
106:
The
Locofocos never controlled the party nationally and declined after 1840, when the federal government passed the
326:
958:
1005:
White, Lawrence H (1986). "William
Leggett: Jacksonian editorialist as classical liberal political economist".
119:
478:
736:
1060:
369:
248:
221:
209:
60:
964:. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1953 ) For a description of where the Locofocos got their name, see Chapter XV.
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during the Patriot War, but pressure from sympathetic Locofocos and others forced President
123:
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917:
Advocating The Man: Masculinity, Organized Labor, and the Household in New York, 1800–1840
359:
322:
1054:
390:
689:
364:
233:
213:
170:
166:
130:
1030:
Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788-1850
349:(2001), which interpreted contemporary politics by reference to the locofoco movement.
1072:
997:
908:
764:
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318:
162:
65:
63:, the latter of which had existed from 1828 to 1830. They were vigorous advocates of
52:
1035:
1025:
241:
186:
182:
59:. It contained a mixture of anti-Tammany Democrats and labor union veterans of the
56:
923:
Hofstadter, Richard (1943). "William Leggett, Spokesman of Jacksonian Democracy".
636:
609:
229:
142:
1018:
892:
847:
134:
968:
Trimble, William (1921). "The social philosophy of the Loco-Foco democracy".
578:
528:
712:
298:
285:
The Whigs quickly seized upon the name, applying an alternate derivation of
269:
342:
70:
586:
554:
141:, legal protections for labor unions and against paper money, financial
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51:
The faction, originally named the Equal Rights Party, was created in
1053:
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145:, and state banks. Among the prominent members of the faction were
138:
89:
55:
as a protest against that city's regular Democratic organization,
43:
in American politics that existed from 1835 until the mid-1840s.
217:
766:
What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848
638:
After the Rebellion: The later years of William Lyon Mackenzie
799:. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–66, 93–109, 435–439.
694:(2nd ed.). Boston: Little, Brown and Company. pp.
826:(5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 37–39.
953:
History of the Political Parties in the State of New-York
879:
Degler, Carl (1956). "The Locofocos: Urban 'Agrarians'".
823:
Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process
555:"The Patriot War of 1837-1838: Locofocoism with a Gun?"
509:
The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science
919:(New York: Columbia University Press, 2008), 190–205.
220:
control of Canadian politics, Mackenzie led the 1837
1040:
The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln
73:. Their leading intellectual was editorial writer
763:
392:The History of the Loco-Foco or Equal Rights Party
118:was applied to the entire Democratic Party by its
16:Short-lived United States Democratic Party faction
208:Locofocoism influenced Canadian politics through
1114:Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)
236:and many others would become active in American
505:"The Political Ideas of William Lyon Mackenzie"
23:Cartoon celebrating defeat of Locofocoism, 1840
797:The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852-1856
1124:Political party factions in the United States
1104:Political parties disestablished in the 1840s
122:opponents, both because Democratic President
8:
1109:1840s disestablishments in the United States
395:. New York: Clement & Packard. pp.
683:
681:
289:, from the combination of the Spanish word
247:Mackenzie was imprisoned for violating the
232:with help from American militias. Locofoco
848:"Johnny NoMoniker on Outsight Radio Hours"
820:Maisel, L. Sandy; Brewer, Mark D. (2008).
18:
1139:Left-wing populism in the United States
1079:1835 establishments in New York (state)
955:(Suburn, NY: Alden & Markham, 1846)
431:. London: Pluto Press. pp. 70–71.
381:
662:Jones, Thomas P, ed. (November 1834).
1084:Political parties established in 1835
415:History & Society: Locofoco Party
7:
770:. Oxford University Press. pp.
548:
546:
345:recorded "Locofoco Motherfucker" on
293:, meaning mad or crack-brained, and
99:The Locofocos were involved in the
14:
743:. Carrollton, Ohio. 22 April 1836
668:Journal of the Franklin Institute
92:". It originated when a group of
1119:Democratic Party (United States)
611:Mackenzie: A Political Biography
477:Kauffman, Bill (20 April 2009).
129:In general, Locofocos supported
1144:Liberalism in the United States
700:John Marck self igniting cigar.
688:Bartlett, John Russell (1859).
635:Gates, Lilian F. (1996-07-25).
389:Byrdsall, Fitzwilliam (1842).
224:and proclaimed a short-lived "
1:
970:American Journal of Sociology
608:Sewell, John (October 2002).
1007:History of Political Economy
762:Howe, Daniel Walker (2007).
691:A Dictionary of Americanisms
273:, which as part of the word
133:and Van Buren, and were for
959:Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.
925:Political Science Quarterly
881:Journal of Economic History
795:Gienapp, William E (1987).
479:"The Republic Strikes Back"
189:(then a newspaper editor).
1165:
1099:1840s in American politics
1094:1830s in American politics
428:Long Road to Harpers Ferry
1019:10.1215/00182702-18-2-307
893:10.1017/s0022050700059222
614:. James Lorimer Limited.
553:Bonthius, Andrew (2003).
483:The American Conservative
137:, greater circulation of
951:Jenkins, John Stilwell.
347:Kill The Dreamer's Dream
317:Locofocos, anti-slavery
108:Independent Treasury Act
39:) were a faction of the
1134:Radicalism (historical)
674:(5). Pennsylvania: 329.
457:Encyclopædia Britannica
413:Encyclopædia Britannica
216:in 1829. Frustrated by
1089:1830s in New York City
1061:Encyclopedia Americana
503:MacKay, R. A. (1937).
370:Young America Movement
242:British rule in Canada
222:Upper Canada Rebellion
210:William Lyon Mackenzie
204:William Lyon Mackenzie
24:
915:Greenberg, Joshua R.
151:William Cullen Bryant
88:, a kind of friction
22:
1129:Classical liberalism
425:Lause, Mark (2018).
240:dedicated to ending
559:Labour / Le Travail
193:Ralph Waldo Emerson
61:Working Men's Party
962:The Age of Jackson
664:"American Patents"
337:In popular culture
226:Republic of Canada
155:Alexander Ming Jr.
101:Flour Riot of 1837
25:
741:Caroll Free Press
648:978-1-55488-069-0
621:978-1-55028-767-7
69:and opponents of
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311:Republican Party
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1149:Jacksonians
857:9 September
852:archive.org
737:"Loco Foco"
713:"loco-foco"
641:. Dundurn.
515:(1): 1–22.
234:Abram Smith
230:Patriot War
143:speculation
114:, the term
94:Jacksonians
1073:Categories
722:2018-03-29
717:Etymonline
401:Loco Foco.
376:References
313:by former
275:locomotive
135:free trade
37:Loco-focos
33:Loco Focos
998:143836640
909:154090227
747:27 August
595:142863197
579:0700-3862
529:0315-4890
488:26 August
462:March 14,
287:Loco Foco
265:Loco-foco
263:The name
80:The name
29:Locofocos
587:25149383
565:: 9–43.
354:See also
343:Fleshies
307:Locofoco
297:, from "
116:Locofoco
86:locofoco
82:Locofoco
71:monopoly
1064:. 1920.
1042:(2005).
1032:(1984).
990:2764332
945:2144949
901:2114593
47:History
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329:, and
199:Canada
185:, and
139:specie
31:(also
994:S2CID
986:JSTOR
941:JSTOR
905:S2CID
897:JSTOR
591:S2CID
583:JSTOR
533:JSTOR
399:–14.
303:fuego
301:" or
299:focus
279:fuoco
270:loco-
90:match
859:2019
828:ISBN
801:ISBN
776:ISBN
749:2015
698:–3.
643:ISBN
616:ISBN
575:ISSN
525:ISSN
490:2015
464:2017
433:ISBN
295:foco
291:loco
244:.
218:Tory
120:Whig
27:The
1015:doi
978:doi
933:doi
889:doi
772:545
696:252
672:XIV
567:doi
517:doi
35:or
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992:.
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903:.
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